CN114799413B - High-strength and high-toughness heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving composite material and electric arc additive manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength and high-toughness heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving composite material and electric arc additive manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength and high-toughness heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving composite material, which is formed by overlapping and stacking melts covered way alternately distributed by heterogeneous metals, wherein high-strength hard materials and soft materials with the same channel width, the same channel height and different lengths are alternately distributed in each melt covered way; when the high-strength hard material and the soft material are alternately clad to form the in-channel interweaving melting covered way, the arc residence time is cooperated with wire feeding at the position of the switching wire, namely, the arc is stopped at the position of the switching wire and swings according to the track. By utilizing the technical characteristics of arc additive manufacturing, in the single-channel deposition process, the arc is kept not extinguished, heterogeneous wires are alternately fed into the designed position, two materials are alternately arranged in a single fuse covered way, and the preparation of the in-channel interweaved fuse covered way with good forming is realized through the cooperation of residence time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of composite materials, and relates to a high-strength and high-toughness heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving composite material and an arc additive manufacturing method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of modern industry and science, traditional homogeneous materials have gradually failed to meet their increasing performance demands. In particular, in the modern military field, with the increase of the anti-armor weapon killing power, the protection performance of the material is urgently required to be further improved. Therefore, researchers obtain composite materials with excellent comprehensive properties by mixing materials with different properties in a specific ratio, but the effect gradually reaches the bottleneck of the two materials with the deep research. In addition, the high-strength and high-toughness composite material has the problems of difficult subsequent processing, low material utilization rate and the like.
The natural shell pearl layer is greatly focused by people in terms of unique biological structure, high strength and toughness. The shell pearl layer mainly consists of crisp CaCO 3 and soft organic matters, but the impact toughness of the shell pearl layer can reach more than 3000 times of that of single CaCO 3. Independently, the single CaCO 3 is too hard and brittle, and the single organic matter is soft but low in strength, and does not have excellent mechanical properties. However, the shell pearl layer realizes a great breakthrough in mechanical properties of the material by utilizing a unique microstructure, so that the shell pearl layer has become a structural model for preparing a high-strength and high-toughness composite material. The shell nacreous layer is a typical 'brick-mud' structure, wherein the brick is an irregular polygonal aragonite crystal form CaCO 3, and the mud is an organic matter embedded and wrapped around the brick. The organic matters are distributed among the aragonite wafers, and the aragonite wafers are mutually interacted and intertwined to form a 'brick-mud' stacking structure with complicated and exquisite pearl layers, multiple dimensions and multiple levels. From the current research results, the main forms of the shell bionic are an ice template method, a layer-by-layer self-assembly method, an electrophoresis deposition method, a directional freeze thawing method and the like, but the traditional shell bionic means cannot carry out bionic preparation of large complex metal structural members due to the problems of processing efficiency, material limitation and the like due to technological limitations. The additive manufacturing technology is based on the discrete-stacking principle, is a processing means which is accumulated layer by layer from bottom to top, has the advantages of good processing flexibility, strong material adaptability, simple subsequent processing process and the like, and gradually becomes one of effective means for preparing the shell bionic composite material.
The laser additive manufacturing of the metal structural part mainly comprises a laser selective melting technology and a laser fused deposition technology. Both methods utilize laser beam energy to melt the material to be clad, and the designed structure is prepared by accumulating layer by layer according to a layered slice model, so that the method has the advantages of high forming precision, accurate and controllable energy and the like. But undeniably, the efficiency of laser additive manufacturing is low, the equipment use and maintenance cost is high, and the method is not suitable for additive manufacturing of large complex metal structural parts. The arc additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of high forming efficiency, low equipment cost, good processing flexibility, capability of directly processing one or more complex metal parts composed of materials, and the like, and gradually shows incomparable advantages in the field of processing and preparing medium-and large-sized complex metal parts. Among various arc additive manufacturing modes, the plasma arc additive manufacturing technology belongs to the field of non-consumable electrodes, and has the advantages of high energy density, high forming precision, good stability and the like.
At present, the shell bionic form suitable for the technical characteristics of arc additive manufacturing still stays at a relatively primary stage, and mainly comprises simple interlayer alternation or inter-channel overlapping. The invention patent with publication number of CN20201108288. X discloses a layered composite material with a heterogeneous grid structure and a double-wire arc additive manufacturing method thereof. The cladding layer of the structure consists of a plurality of hard material subunits and soft material subunits which have the same shape, equal volume and are alternately arranged along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. Wherein the length of the hard proton unit and the soft proton unit is 10mm, the width thereof is 8-10mm, and the thickness thereof is 2-3mm. It was found that the composition ratio of the hard material to the soft material was 1:1, the overall performance of the composite material can be reduced due to the overlarge proportion of the soft material, and the performance advantage of the high-strength hard material can not be exerted. In addition, the junction of the hard proton unit and the soft proton unit is connected in a solid-liquid mode, and the forming quality of the connection mode is poor, so that the expected performance of the structure cannot be achieved.
The invention patent with publication number CN202110506651.8 discloses an iron-based tungsten carbide and stainless steel heterogeneous additive structure, and the ultra-hard iron-based tungsten carbide and soft Cr-Ni stainless steel regions of the additive structure are alternately distributed in the transverse X direction, the longitudinal Y direction and the vertical Z direction. The length of the iron-based tungsten carbide additive region is 24-45 mm, and the length of the Cr-Ni stainless steel additive region is 15-25 mm. The material ratio of the stainless steel and the iron-based tungsten carbide in the structure is 1:1-1:3, the length of the soft material reaches more than 15mm, the soft material ratio in the structure is too high, the size of soft subunits is too large, and the soft material in the structure is not isolated by the hard materials, so that the aim of improving the integral performance of the structural member cannot be achieved.
In order to solve the problems of low high strength and hardness ratio, oversized subunit size in soft material area, simple soft-hard interweaving form and the like of the traditional bionic shell member. The invention designs a heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving composite material, which adopts a heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving mode and expands the interweaving mode of heterogeneous metal arc material increase. The ratio of the high-strength hard material in the composite material can reach more than 90%, and the size of the soft material subunit can be controlled within 6 mm. The composite material utilizes an energy dissipation and crack deflection mechanism, and when the composite material bears an external load, the high-strength hard material plays a main bearing role, and the soft material absorbs and consumes energy through deformation and diffuses the load to the periphery of the material. When cracks are initiated and expanded in the composite material, the soft material can effectively block crack development, the defects of poor toughness and brittle fracture of the high-strength hard components are reduced, and the crack sensitivity of the high-strength hard material structural member is reduced as a whole.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving composite material and an electric arc additive manufacturing method thereof, wherein two metals in the composite material are alternately distributed in a fuse covered way, so that interweaving forms of heterogeneous metal electric arc additive are expanded; the preparation method adopts non-consumable electrode electric arcs, the electric arcs are kept not to be extinguished in the process of material adding, and two kinds of wires are alternately fed. Because the electric arc is continuously heated, the high-strength hard material at the position of the switching wire is mixed with the soft material in a liquid state, and a mixing area with good plasticity is obtained by utilizing the influence of the soft material on alloying of the high-strength hard material, so that the size of a soft proton unit can be further reduced, and the component proportion of the high-strength hard material in the heterogeneous metal composite material is improved.
The invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving composite material and an arc additive manufacturing method thereof, which concretely comprise the following steps:
A high-strength and high-toughness heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving composite material is formed by overlapping and stacking melts covered way with heterogeneous metals alternately distributed, and high-strength hard materials and soft materials with the same channel width, the same channel height and different lengths are alternately distributed in each melt covered way; when the high-strength hard material and the soft material are alternately clad to form the in-channel interweaving melting covered way, the arc residence time is cooperated with wire feeding at the position of the switching wire, namely, the arc is stopped at the position of the switching wire and swings according to the track.
Further, the length of the soft material section in the fuse covered way is 2-6mm, and the length of the high-strength hard material section is 25-50mm.
Further, the residence time is 0.05s to 0.45s.
Further, the high-strength hard material is maraging steel, low-alloy high-strength steel, high-entropy alloy or other high-strength hard material.
Further, the soft material is metal with good shaping of pure iron, low carbon steel and austenitic stainless steel.
Further, the arc remains non-extinguished during the additive process.
Further, the soft materials in the different melts covered way are selected to be of different lengths.
In the process of material addition, the electric arc is kept not extinguished, and the in-channel interweaving melting covered way with alternately distributed high-strength hard material segments, soft material segments and high-strength hard material segments … … is obtained through one-step forming.
The soft material enters into a high-strength hard material molten pool, and the shaping of the high-strength hard material can be obviously improved by means of alloying and the like, for example, after martensite ultrahigh-strength steel is mixed into low-carbon steel, the martensite transformation temperature of the mixed part is reduced to be lower than the room temperature, and a soft material section consisting of austenite and ferrite is formed.
In the above-described solution, the result of the cladding of the soft material segments may actually be a well-plastic mixing zone of the soft material droplets into the high-strength hard material melt pool, based on the size of the soft material.
The arc additive manufacturing method of the high-strength and high-toughness heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving composite material comprises the following steps of:
Step one, equipment preparation: the welding machine, the robot control cabinet and the two wire feeders are connected with the integrated central control cabinet; the non-consumable electrode gas protection welding gun is connected with the welding machine and is fixed on the six-axis robot mechanical arm;
Step two, material preparation: the manufacturing method comprises the steps of manufacturing a substrate by adding materials and two types of wires meeting design requirements, wherein a high-strength hard material wire A is arranged on a wire feeder I, and a soft material wire B is arranged on a wire feeder II;
Step three, editing a single-pass program: editing a control program according to the size requirements of the high-strength hard material section and the soft material section in the melting covered way, controlling two wire feeders to feed wires with corresponding components at different positions while a welding gun walks along an additive path through a central integrated control cabinet, namely keeping electric arcs from being extinguished in the melting process, and alternately feeding the two wires in the electric arc walking process. The wire feeder I stops feeding when the wire feeder I works, and the wire feeder I stops feeding when the wire feeder II works, and the stay time is preset at the position of switching wire feeding to ensure the flatness of the melt covered way;
Step four, single-layer program editing: changing the positions of soft material sections in the single-channel procedure to obtain single-channel procedures with different soft material positions, integrating the single-channel procedures with different soft material positions into a single-layer procedure, and enabling the different melting covered way of the soft material positions to overlap with each other to form a cladding layer;
Step five, editing a composite material overall program: changing the soft material positions in the single-layer program, writing the single-layer program with different soft material design positions, integrating the single-layer programs with different soft material positions into the material-increasing manufacturing program with the interweaving structure in the high-strength and toughness heterogeneous metal track, and stacking the cladding layers with different soft material positions into a structural member;
Step six, material preparation:
1) Program debugging is carried out according to design requirements;
2) Polishing, cleaning, drying and fixing the substrate on a workbench;
3) Setting additive process parameters, wherein cladding current is 120A-200A, and arc advancing speed is 15cm/min-30
Cm/min, wire feeding speed is 1.0m/min-3.0m/min;
4) Starting a program to prepare the interweaving melt covered way in the heterogeneous metal channel;
5) Setting the offset between tracks to be 6-18mm, adjusting the position or length of a soft material section in the fuse covered way, and repeating the step 4) until the high-strength and high-toughness heterogeneous metal track interweaved composite material is formed.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. By utilizing the technical characteristics of arc additive manufacturing, in the single-channel deposition process, the arc is kept not extinguished, heterogeneous wires are alternately fed into the designed position, two materials are alternately arranged in a single fuse covered way, and the preparation of the in-channel interweaved fuse covered way with good forming is realized through the cooperation of residence time.
2. According to the invention, heterogeneous metals are added through component design, and the strengthening mechanism of the high-strength hard material is influenced through element change in a molten pool, so that a soft material section with smaller size can be obtained, and the problem that the arc additive manufacturing technology cannot obtain the in-channel interweaving melting covered way with small size and high flatness is solved.
3. Compared with laser material increase, the invention adopts a non-melting pole double-wire arc material increase manufacturing system, and has high production efficiency, strong applicability and low equipment cost. The method is suitable for manufacturing all in-channel interweaved superposed structures which can be manufactured into solid wires or flux-cored wires, such as metal-metal, metal-metal matrix ceramic composite materials and the like. The device completely depends on the existing equipment and the existing materials, and does not need additional research and development or equipment transformation.
4. The invention expands the interweaving form of the arc material-increasing bionic structure, adopts the in-channel interweaving form, can better play the synergistic enhancement effect of heterogeneous materials, reduces the defects of poor toughness, high crack sensitivity and the like of the high-strength material-increasing structural member, and can greatly improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of an experimental apparatus of the present invention, wherein a part of a welding gun is partially enlarged within a dotted line frame.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a high strength and toughness heterogeneous metal in-channel interwoven composite, wherein dark gray represents high strength steel and light gray represents low carbon steel.
Fig. 3a shows the surface shaping of the in-channel interweaving fuse covered way, where the length of the reinforcement section is 25mm and the length of the soft section is 30mm in order to facilitate the observation of the junction of the two materials.
Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of a single-pass interweaving fuse covered way forming process, wherein dark gray represents high-strength steel, light gray represents low-carbon steel, arrow lines represent arc path in the process of additive material, strong material section is 35mm long, and soft material section is 5mm long.
FIG. 4 is a plasma arc additive formed 18Ni martensitic steel-mild steel intra-track interlaced structure laminated composite.
FIG. 5 shows the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of impact fracture of 18Ni martensitic steel-low carbon steel in-track interlaced structure laminated composite.
FIG. 6 shows the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of tensile fracture of 18Ni martensitic steel-low carbon steel in-track interlaced structure laminated composite.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.
The invention utilizes the double wire feeding non-consumable electrode arc additive manufacturing system shown in figure 1, realizes the cooperative work of a robot walking path and two wire feeding machines through program editing, does not extinguish the arc in the single melt covered way preparation process, and respectively feeds the two wires into a molten pool at a set position to realize the preparation of a composite material with an interweaved structure in a heterogeneous channel, wherein the schematic diagram of the composite material is shown in figure 2.
Example 1
A high-strength and toughness composite material with interweaved heterogeneous metal channels is formed by overlapping and stacking melts covered way with alternately distributed heterogeneous metals, and the melts covered way are alternately distributed with high-strength and hard materials and soft materials with same channel width and channel height and different lengths. Cladding layers are formed by overlapping cladding covered way with different soft material positions, and the cladding layers with different soft material positions are stacked to form a high-strength and high-toughness composite material; soft materials between adjacent cladding layers covered way and adjacent cladding layers are separated by high-strength hard materials, namely, adjacent and secondary adjacent positions of any soft material section are high-strength hard materials, so that the overall toughness of the composite material is improved on the premise of ensuring the strength.
The high-strength hard material is 18Ni martensitic ultra-high-strength steel; the soft material is low carbon steel. The martensite point of the mixed metal formed after the low-carbon steel is added into the 18Ni martensitic steel molten pool can be reduced to be below the room temperature again, and the formation of martensite in the mixed area is restrained, so that the austenite and ferrite structure with good plasticity is obtained.
The length of the low-carbon steel section in the melting covered way is 5mm, the length of the martensitic steel section is 35mm, and the high-strength hard material and the soft material are alternately distributed to form a single-channel melting covered way.
An arc additive manufacturing method of an 18Ni martensitic steel-low carbon steel in-track interweaving structure laminated composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing equipment: the welding machine comprises a TransTig 4000 type non-melt electrode gas shielded welding machine, a MOTOMANMH six-axis industrial robot with a model of PWM300 plasma welding gun and capable of carrying out path planning, a central integrated control cabinet and two wire feeders with independent power supply models of SB-10-500. The welding gun is connected with the welding machine and fixed on the robot, and the robot drives the welding gun to move. The swing amplitude of the additive arc is 3.5mm, the swing frequency is 1HZ, the arc advancing speed is 20cm/min, and the additive current is 145A. Wherein the welding machine, the robot and the two wire feeders are connected with the central integrated control cabinet.
(2) Material preparation: 316L with the size of 500 x 300 x 10mm 3 is used as a substrate, and 18Ni martensitic steel wires and low-carbon steel wires with the diameter of 1.2mm are used; wherein, the 18Ni martensitic steel wire is arranged on a wire feeder I, and the low-carbon steel wire is arranged on a wire feeder II. The two wire feeders send corresponding wires into the designed positions according to the instructions of the central control cabinet, so that the wire feeding speeds of the two wires are kept consistent and are 2.0m/min for ensuring the flatness of the melting covered way.
(3) Single pass program editing: editing an integrated control program, controlling two wire feeders to feed wires with corresponding components at different positions while a welding gun walks along an additive path through a central integrated control cabinet, namely keeping electric arcs not extinguished in a cladding process, and alternately feeding the two wires in the electric arc walking process, namely stopping a wire feeder II when the wire feeder I works, and stopping feeding wires when the wire feeder II works. The yarn change position residence time was 0.22s. The result is an in-lane interweaving fuse covered way as shown in fig. 3a, where the material in the fuse covered way meets smoothly. Changing the length of the low-carbon steel section can obtain a single-channel morphology schematic diagram of the composite material with the preparation channel internal interweaving lamination structure shown in the figure 3 b.
(4) Single layer program editing: single layer program editing: changing the positions of soft material sections in the step three single-channel procedure to obtain 3 single-channel procedures with different soft material positions, integrating the single-channel procedures with different soft material positions into a single-layer procedure, and enabling the different melting covered way of the soft material positions to overlap with each other to form a cladding layer;
(5) Block program editing: changing the soft material position in the single-layer program, writing the single-layer program with 3 different soft material design positions, integrating the single-layer programs with different soft material positions into the material-increasing manufacturing program with the high-strength and toughness heterogeneous metal track inner interweaving structure, and enabling the cladding layers with different soft material positions to be stacked into a structural member.
(6) Preparing a composite material:
1) Program editing and debugging are carried out according to design requirements;
2) Polishing, cleaning, drying and fixing the substrate on a workbench;
3) Starting a program to prepare an interweaving structure in a heterogeneous channel;
4) Repeating the step 3) until the forming of the high-strength steel-low carbon steel in-track interweaved structure laminated composite material with the size of 160-80-40 mm 3 as shown in fig. 4 is completed;
5) And carrying out solid solution and aging heat treatment.
The fracture morphology of the prepared in-channel interweaved structure laminated composite material and the pure martensitic steel additive piece is shown in figure 5. The impact absorption power of the composite material prepared by the scheme is 25.04J/cm 2, the impact absorption power of the heat treatment state of the pure martensite additive piece is only 10.83J/cm 2, and the impact absorption power of the composite material is 2-3 times of that of the pure material piece. The fracture of the pure martensitic steel additive piece is found to be a typical brittle fracture characteristic by a scanning electron microscope, and the in-channel interweaving composite material is a mixed fracture. The average tensile strength of the heat-treated pure martensitic steel material-added part is 2047MPa, the tensile strength of the heat-treated in-channel interweaved composite material is about 1950MPa, and the tensile strength is reduced by less than 5% compared with that of the pure martensitic steel material-added part. Indicating that the in-channel interwoven composite can greatly improve the toughness of the overall component at the expense of a very small portion of strength.
Claims (3)
1. A high-strength and high-toughness heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving composite material is characterized in that: the material is formed by overlapping and stacking melts covered way with heterogeneous metals alternately distributed, and high-strength hard materials and soft materials with the same track width, the same track height and different lengths are alternately distributed in each melt covered way; when the high-strength hard material and the soft material are alternately clad to form the in-channel interweaving melting covered way, the arc residence time is cooperated with wire feeding at the position of the switching wire, namely, the arc is stayed at the position of the switching wire and swings according to the track; the length of the soft material section in the melting covered way is 2-6mm, and the length of the high-strength hard material section is 25-50mm;
the high-strength hard material is 18Ni martensitic ultra-high-strength steel; the soft material is low carbon steel;
the martensite point of the mixed metal formed after the addition of the 18Ni martensitic steel molten pool of the low-carbon steel is reduced again
The formation of martensite in the mixing region is inhibited below room temperature, so that an austenite and ferrite structure with good plasticity is obtained;
the residence time is 0.05s-0.45s;
The soft materials in the different melts covered way are selected to be of different lengths.
2. The high strength and toughness heterogeneous metal in-channel interwoven composite material of claim 1, wherein:
The arc remains non-extinguished during the additive process.
3. A method for manufacturing arc additive based on high-strength and high-toughness heterogeneous metal in-channel interweaving composite material according to any one of claim 1-2, wherein,
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing equipment: a Trans Tig 4000 type non-melt electrode gas shielded welder, a type PWM300 plasma welding gun, a MOTOMANMH six-axis industrial robot capable of carrying out path planning, a central integrated control cabinet and two independent power supply wire feeders with the type SB-10-500; the welding gun is connected with the welding machine and fixed on the robot, and the robot drives the welding gun to move; the swing amplitude of the additive arc is 3.5mm, the swing frequency is 1 Hz, the arc advancing speed is 20cm/min, and the additive current is 145A; wherein the welding machine, the robot and the two wire feeders are connected with a central integrated control cabinet;
(2) Material preparation: 316L with the size of 500 x 300 x 10mm 3 is used as a substrate, and 18Ni martensitic steel wires and low-carbon steel wires with the diameter of 1.2mm are used; wherein, the 18Ni martensitic steel wire is arranged on a wire feeder I, and the low-carbon steel wire is arranged on a wire feeder II; the two wire feeders send corresponding wires at the designed positions according to the instructions of the central control cabinet, and in order to ensure the flatness of the melting covered way, the wire feeding speeds of the two wires are kept consistent and are both 2.0m/min;
(3) Single pass program editing: editing an integrated control program, and controlling two wire feeders to feed wires with corresponding components at different positions while a welding gun walks along an additive path through a central integrated control cabinet, namely keeping electric arcs not extinguished in a cladding process, and alternately feeding the two wires in the electric arc walking process, namely stopping a wire feeder II when the wire feeder I works, and stopping feeding wires when the wire feeder II works; the stay time of the yarn changing position is 0.22s; obtaining an in-channel interweaving fuse covered way, wherein the material joint position in the fuse covered way is smooth; changing the length of the low-carbon steel section to obtain the single-channel morphology of the composite material with the in-channel interweaved laminated structure;
(4) Single layer program editing: changing the positions of soft material sections in the single-channel procedure in the step (3) to obtain 3 single-channel procedures with different soft material positions, integrating the single-channel procedures with different soft material positions into a single-layer procedure, and enabling different melts covered way at the soft material positions to overlap with each other to form a cladding layer;
(5) Block program editing: changing the soft material position in the single-layer program, writing the single-layer program with 3 different soft material design positions, integrating the single-layer programs with different soft material positions into the material-increasing manufacturing program with the high-strength and toughness heterogeneous metal track internal interweaving structure, and enabling the cladding layers with different soft material positions to be stacked into a structural member;
(6) Preparing a composite material:
1) Program editing and debugging are carried out according to design requirements;
2) Polishing, cleaning, drying and fixing the substrate on a workbench;
3) Starting a program to prepare an interweaving structure in a heterogeneous channel;
4) Repeating the step 3) until the forming of the high-strength steel-low carbon steel in-channel interweaved structure laminated composite material with the size of 160-80-40 mm 3 is completed;
5) And carrying out solid solution and aging heat treatment.
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