CN114131040A - Additive manufacturing method for small-proportion soft material additive forming component - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing method for small-proportion soft material additive forming component Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 whiskers Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
- B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a small-proportion soft material additive forming component, which comprises the following steps of preheating a substrate to a red hot state according to the actual size of the small-proportion soft material additive forming component; according to the ratio of soft materials, calculating the width of a deposition channel of the strong materials and the soft materials used in the material increase, sequentially depositing the strong materials and the soft materials according to a set path, cooling and rotating the workbench for a certain angle after depositing a single layer, continuously repeating the single-layer material increase process, and depositing according to a set dislocation track until the component is completed. According to the invention, the toughening structure under the millimeter scale is formed by the alternate deposition of the strong material and the soft material, and the high-efficiency fuse deposition of the soft material additive forming component with small proportion is realized; the invention adopts simple process to realize reasonable distribution of the strong material and the soft material, gives consideration to high strength and high plasticity of the material, and improves the toughness of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive forming component manufacturing, in particular to a small-proportion soft material additive forming component additive manufacturing method.
Background
The increasing strength levels of metallic materials have driven technological advances, and strengthening metallic materials is a constantly sought goal of researchers, however, in most cases, the increase in strength results in a decrease in the plasticity and toughness of the metal. With the development of society, more and more members simultaneously require materials with high strength and good plasticity and toughness.
The existing methods for preparing high-toughness composite materials include smelting method, powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing and the like, and researchers introduce reinforcing bodies such as particles, whiskers, fibers and the like into a matrix, and the matrix still occupies high volume fraction and the reinforcing bodies only occupy a very small proportion, so that the high-toughness composite materials show good ductility and toughness while maintaining the original strength. The invention patent with the publication number of CN202011375114.6 discloses a nano TiB prepared by selective laser melting2Reinforced aluminum-base composite material and its preparation process, and the nanometer TiB is prepared through selective laser melting and forming process2The invention can effectively improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the aluminum alloy under the synergistic strengthening action of fine grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening, but the forming efficiency of the method is lower. The invention patent with publication number CN202010494894.X discloses a bionic shell material structure combining metal and nonmetal, which consists of a structural hard layer and a structural support body, wherein the structural hard layer and the structural support body are staggered and laminated to form a composite structure with a multi-layer structural hard layer and a structural support bodyThere is no binding force between them. The invention patent with publication number CN201810569722.7 discloses a shell pearl layer bionic toughening structure and a preparation method thereof, comprising a plurality of toughening structure layers stacked layer by layer, wherein each toughening structure layer comprises a hard phase layer and a soft phase layer, and the structure has high strength and high toughness at the same time, but the complex structure has high requirements on the process and low preparation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a small-proportion soft material additive forming component based on a double-wire mixed deposition method, which is used for realizing efficient and large-batch preparation of the small-proportion soft material additive forming component.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a preparation method of a small-proportion soft material additive forming component comprises the following steps:
constructing a three-dimensional solid model on a computer according to the structure of a part, slicing the model in a layering manner to obtain slice data, and then importing the slice data into the computer to generate an implementable path;
polishing and cleaning the substrate, clamping and fixing the substrate on a positioner, installing a double-wire feeding mechanism made of strong materials and soft materials, and adjusting the angle of double-wire feeding;
preheating the substrate to a red hot state according to the actual size of the small-proportion soft material additive forming component;
and calculating the width of a deposition channel of the strong material and the soft material according to the ratio of the soft materials, sequentially depositing the strong material and the soft material according to a set path, cooling after depositing a single layer, rotating the workbench for a certain angle, and continuing to deposit according to a set dislocation track until the component is completed.
Further, the small-scale soft material additive forming component is prepared into a double wire feeding mechanism, and the additive heat source comprises electric arc, electron beam, plasma or laser.
Furthermore, the substrate is preheated to the temperature of 150-300 ℃ before material increase, the preheating range is larger than the size of the material increase component, the excessive internal stress of the material increase component is avoided, the interlayer temperature is set to be 100-200 ℃ in the material increase process, and the collapse of a molten pool caused by heat accumulation is avoided.
Furthermore, the material increase component comprises a strong material and a soft material, the strength of the strong material is 1.5-2.5 times of that of the soft material, the plasticity of the soft material is 1.5-2 times of that of the strong material, so that the overall strength of the material increase component is well matched with the plasticity, the diameter range of the wire is 1-3mm, the diameter of the strong material is larger than that of the soft material, the proportion of the soft material is small, and the overall strength of the component is reduced slightly.
Further, the deposition widths of the pure soft material and the lap joint strong material are calculated according to the soft material proportion required by the design, and the material increase is carried out according to the planned path, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, VSoftAnd V is the volume of the soft material and the block respectively; y isSoftThe width of the pure soft material is in mm; xHigh strengthThe total width of n overlapped strong materials is in mm.
Furthermore, each deposition layer is a mixed layer, the soft materials isolate the strong materials, the lap joint rate between two adjacent strong materials is 40% -60%, the surface flatness of each layer is kept consistent, and every n lap joint strong materials are separated by a distance of the width of the soft material for filling 1 soft material with a small diameter.
Furthermore, each layer is formed by firstly depositing a strong material and then filling a soft material to enable the surface to be flat, so that the soft material isolation effect in the component is achieved, and the wire changing efficiency in material increase is improved.
Further, the deposition direction between adjacent fuse deposition layers is rotated by 90 degrees, and the deposition tracks of every 1 deposition layer are staggered by a distance of 1 track width, so that soft materials are uniformly distributed in the additive component.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) according to the invention, the toughening structure under the millimeter scale is formed by the alternate deposition of the strong material and the soft material, and the high-efficiency fuse deposition of the soft material additive forming component with small proportion is realized.
(2) The invention adopts simple process to realize reasonable distribution of the strong material and the soft material, gives consideration to high strength and high plasticity of the material, and improves the toughness of the material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of each layer of the small-ratio soft material additive forming component of the invention, wherein the middle filling part, the adjacent layer vertical part and the interlayer dislocation part are arranged in the middle, the white part is a strong material, and the black part is a soft material.
Fig. 2 is an isometric and left side view of a prepared member of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating various parameters for calculating the soft material ratio according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the strong material and the soft material in the component prepared by the invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a component made according to the present invention at various locations.
Fig. 6 is a top view of the components of the soft material of different small proportions in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a real object diagram of a small-scale soft material additive forming component in embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the technical scheme of the invention is completely described in the following with the specific embodiments.
A preparation method of a small-proportion soft material additive forming component comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a three-dimensional solid model on a computer according to the structure of a part, slicing the model in a layering manner to obtain slice data, and then importing the slice data into the computer to generate an implementable path;
(2) polishing and cleaning the substrate, clamping and fixing the substrate on a positioner, installing a double-wire feeding mechanism made of strong materials and soft materials, and adjusting the angle of double-wire feeding;
(3) preheating the substrate to a red hot state according to the actual size of the small-proportion soft material additive forming component;
(4) and calculating the width of a deposition channel of the strong material and the soft material according to the ratio of the soft materials, sequentially depositing the strong material and the soft material according to a set path, cooling after depositing a single layer, rotating the workbench for a certain angle, and continuing to deposit according to a set dislocation track until the component is completed.
Further, the preparation of a small-scale soft material additive forming component requires a double wire feeding mechanism, and the additive heat source comprises electric arc, electron beam, plasma or laser.
Furthermore, the substrate is preheated to the temperature of 150-300 ℃ before material increase, the preheating range is larger than the size of the material increase component, the excessive internal stress of the material increase component is avoided, the interlayer temperature is set to be 100-200 ℃ in the material increase process, and the collapse of a molten pool caused by heat accumulation is avoided.
Furthermore, the material increase component comprises a strong material and a soft material, the strength of the strong material is 1.5-2.5 times of that of the soft material, the plasticity of the soft material is 1.5-2 times of that of the strong material, so that the overall strength of the material increase component is well matched with the plasticity, the diameter range of the wire is 1-3mm, the diameter of the strong material is larger than that of the soft material, the proportion of the soft material is small, and the overall strength of the component is reduced slightly.
Further, the deposition widths of the pure soft material and the lap joint strong material are calculated according to the soft material proportion required by the design, and the material increase is carried out according to the planned path, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, VSoftAnd V is the volume of the soft material and the block respectively; y isRailThe width of the pure soft material is in mm; xHigh strengthThe total width of n overlapped strong materials is in mm.
Furthermore, each deposition layer is a mixed layer, the soft materials isolate the strong materials, the lap joint rate between two adjacent strong materials is 40% -60%, the surface flatness of each layer is kept consistent, and every n lap joint strong materials are separated by a distance of the width of the soft material for filling 1 soft material with a small diameter.
Furthermore, each layer is formed by firstly depositing a strong material and then filling a soft material to enable the surface to be flat, so that the soft material isolation effect in the component is achieved, and the wire changing efficiency in material increase is improved.
Further, the deposition direction between adjacent fuse deposition layers is rotated by 90 degrees, and the deposition tracks of every 1 deposition layer are staggered by a distance of 1 track width, so that soft materials are uniformly distributed in the additive component.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a double-wire alternate deposition method is adopted to prepare a small-proportion soft material additive forming component, a TC4 wire is selected as a strong material, and a TA2 wire is selected as a soft material. The TC4 wire had a diameter of 2.0mm and the TA2 wire had a diameter of 1.6 mm. The preparation process is shown in figure 1, wherein the white part is TC4, and the black part is TA2, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a three-dimensional solid model on a computer according to the structure of a part, slicing the model in a layering manner to obtain slice data, and then importing the slice data into the computer to generate an implementable path;
(2) polishing and cleaning the substrate, clamping and fixing the substrate on a positioner, installing a dual-wire feeding mechanism of TC4 and TA2, and adjusting the wire feeding angle;
(3) preheating the substrate to a red hot state;
(4) and calculating the widths of the deposition channels of the strong material and the soft material according to the soft material ratio, sequentially depositing the strong material and the soft material according to a set path, cooling after depositing a single layer, rotating the workbench for 90 degrees, and continuing to deposit according to a set dislocation track until the component is completed.
Wherein the additive process method selects electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process, and the substrate size is 200 × 200 × 20mm3Adjusting the beam spot of the electron beam to coincide with the intersection point of the two wire materials, wherein the included angles between the double wires and the horizontal direction are both 45 degrees. The interlayer temperature is controlled at 100 ℃, and the positioner rotates 90 degrees after the monolayer material increase is finished. The electron beam additive process parameters are as follows: setting high voltage 60kV, focusing current 1000mA, vacuum degree up to 3X 10-2And (4) performing material increase under the MPa, wherein the scanning frequency is 400Hz, the scanning range is 400 percent, and the scanning mode is circular. The TC4 wire feeding speed is 2.5m/min, the deposition speed is 800mm/min, and the beam current is 60 mA. TA2 wire feeding speed is 0.8m/min, deposition speed is 120mm/min, and beam current is 25 mA. The monolayer height was controlled to be 2 mm. The deposition widths of TC4 and TA2 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 deposition Width for Small Scale additive Soft Material formation
By adopting the method of the embodiment, the small-proportion soft material additive forming component with good forming is obtained, interlayer fusion is good, and defects such as air holes are avoided. In the embodiment, the soft material can also be TA1, aluminum alloy and other materials, and the strong material can be TC11 and other materials.
Comparative example
The comparative example is a pure TC4 member prepared by a fuse wire additive method, a wire material is selected from TC4 with the diameter of 2mm, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a three-dimensional solid model on a computer according to the structure of a part, slicing the model in a layering manner to obtain slice data, and then importing the slice data into the computer to generate an implementable path;
(2) polishing and cleaning the substrate, clamping and fixing the substrate on a positioner, installing a TC4 wire feeding mechanism, and adjusting the wire feeding angle;
(3) preheating the substrate to a red hot state;
(4) depositing TC4 according to the set path, cooling after depositing a monolayer, rotating the workbench for a certain angle, and continuing to deposit according to the set track until the component is completed.
Wherein, the material increase process method selects an electron beam material increase manufacturing process, the interlayer temperature is controlled at 100 ℃, and the positioner rotates 90 degrees after the single-layer material increase is finished. The electron beam additive process parameters are as follows: setting high voltage 60kV, focusing current 1000mA, vacuum degree up to 3X 10-2And (4) performing material increase under the MPa, wherein the scanning frequency is 400Hz, the scanning range is 400 percent, and the scanning mode is circular. The TC4 wire feeding speed is 2.5m/min, the deposition speed is 800mm/min, the beam current is 60mA, and the layer height is 2 mm.
By testing the mechanical properties of the additive components in the example 1 and the comparative example, the test result shows that the strength of the soft material additive forming component with a small proportion is 809.6MPa, and the elongation at break is 11.4%; the strength of the pure strength material is 945.3MPa, and the elongation at break is 8.3%. The strength-elongation product of the small-proportion soft material additive forming component prepared by adopting the double-wire alternate deposition method is improved by 17.6 percent, and the strengthening and toughening effect is achieved.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a small-proportion soft material additive forming component is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preheating the substrate to a red hot state according to the actual size of the small-proportion soft material additive forming component;
according to the ratio of soft materials, calculating the width of a deposition channel of the strong materials and the soft materials used in the material increase, sequentially depositing the strong materials and the soft materials according to a set path, cooling and rotating the workbench for a certain angle after depositing a single layer, continuously repeating the single-layer material increase process, and depositing according to a set dislocation track until the component is completed.
2. The method for controlling additive forming of a small proportion soft material according to claim 1, wherein the following steps are carried out before preheating
Constructing a three-dimensional solid model on a computer according to the structure of a part, slicing the model in a layering manner to obtain slice data, and then importing the slice data into the computer to generate an implementable path;
polishing and cleaning the substrate, clamping and fixing the substrate on a positioner, installing a double-wire feeding mechanism made of strong materials and soft materials, and adjusting the double-wire feeding angle.
3. The method for controlling additive forming of the small-proportion soft material according to claim 1, wherein the small-proportion soft material additive forming component is prepared as a double wire feeder, and the additive heat source comprises an electric arc, an electron beam, plasma or laser.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate is preheated to 150-300 ℃ before the material is added, the preheating range is larger than the actual size of the material-adding member, and the interlayer temperature is set at 100-200 ℃ during the material-adding process.
5. The method for controlling additive forming of a soft material with a small proportion according to claim 1, wherein the strength of the strong material is 1.5-2.5 times of that of the soft material, the plasticity of the soft material is 1.5-2 times of that of the strong material, the diameter of the wire is 1-3mm, and the diameter of the strong material is larger than that of the soft material.
6. The additive forming control method for the soft material with the small proportion according to claim 1, wherein the soft material proportion is calculated according to the deposited track width of the two materials, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, VSoftAnd V is the volume of the soft material and the block respectively; y isSoftThe width of the pure soft material is in mm; xHigh strengthThe total width of n overlapped strong materials is in mm.
7. The additive forming control method of the soft material with the small proportion according to claim 1, wherein each deposition layer is a mixed layer, the soft material isolates the strong materials, the lap ratio between two adjacent strong materials is 40% -60%, and every n overlapped strong materials are separated by a distance of one soft material width to fill 1 soft material with a small diameter.
8. The method for controlling additive forming of the soft material with small proportion according to claim 1, wherein the additive forming of each layer is performed by firstly depositing the strong material and then filling the soft material to make the surface flat.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the deposition direction between adjacent fuse deposition layers is rotated by 90 ° and the deposition trajectory is shifted by 1 track width every 1 deposition layer.
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