CN115533120A - Material increasing method for titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double-wire with bionic structure - Google Patents
Material increasing method for titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double-wire with bionic structure Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011454 mudbrick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000013499 data model Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a material increase method of a bionic structure titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double wire, which comprises the following steps: generating a data model according to a computer and layering; the wire feeding path of each layer of path adopts TC4 titanium alloy wire single wires, and double-beam electron beam double wires of TC4 titanium alloy wires and TA2 titanium wires are adopted at the boundary position of a TC4 deposition layer; performing electron beam fuse additive manufacturing on the TC4 titanium alloy wire and the TA2 titanium wire through respective wire feeders; performing additive printing on each layer by adopting a bionic shell-shaped structure, and cooling after the additive printing is completed; after each layer of additive is cooled, the wire feeders are sequentially staggered and rotated, and then the next layer of additive printing is carried out; and performing additive printing layer by layer and overlapping layer by layer on the additive substrate until additive manufacturing of the required titanium alloy mud brick structural member is completed. The invention solves the problems that TC4 and TA2 have obvious fusion areas in the single-wire single-bundle material increase process and are not beneficial to excessive components due to the influence of alloy component difference.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a material increase method of a bionic structure titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double-wire, and belongs to the technical field of material increase manufacturing.
Background
The traditional homogeneous metal material has single mechanical property, so that the use performance requirements of products, such as high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, creep resistance, low-temperature toughness, electric and thermal conductivity and the like, are difficult to meet. Compared with the traditional metal material, the biological material such as shells, carapace and the like has the excellent characteristic of integrating various performances such as obdurability, high hardness, high wear resistance and the like, is generally a gradient composite material consisting of relatively soft and hard components, and has a complex hierarchical structure from nanometer to macroscopic scale according to the specific biological function requirement; the tissues in the hierarchical structures are coiled and grow around an imaginary axis, and the direction of the axis is generally parallel to the direction of the borne external force, so that the material and the space are saved, and the mechanical performance of the biological material is effectively improved.
The shell is a natural biological composite material which is widely researched at present, and the internal structure of the shell is divided into three layers: the outermost layer is an extremely thin horny layer and is composed of hardening protein (chitin) secreted by the edge of a mantle and can resist the corrosion of acid and alkali; the middle layer is a thicker prismatic layer, the directionally-grown prismatic calcite secreted by the edge of the mantle is closely arranged and combined together, and the side surfaces of the prisms are mutually bonded through organic matters; the innermost layer is a pearl layer which is formed by arranging, combining and superposing 0.5-0.7 um thick foliated aragonite sheets secreted from the whole surface of the mantle, and a small amount of organic matters are filled between the sheets.
Along with the development of additive manufacturing technology, the additive manufacturing technology in the field of metal materials is mainly established on three modes of powder bed powder laying, coaxial powder feeding and wire feeding, and a heat source mainly comprises laser, electron beams and electric arcs, wherein compared with powder materials, wire materials are more uniform in components, lower in price and higher in additive efficiency, compared with laser and electric arcs, the energy density of the electron beams is higher and has no reflection, and due to the fact that the additive manufacturing technology is carried out in a vacuum chamber, the metal can be well prevented from being polluted by gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and the like, the performance and the density of components are high, and the additive manufacturing technology is very suitable for preparing alloys containing active metals such as Ti, al and the like. The TA2 titanium and the TC4 titanium alloy are excellent structural materials, have the characteristics of small density, high specific strength, good ductility and toughness, good heat resistance and corrosion resistance, good machinability and the like, have very important application values and wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, vehicle engineering and biomedical engineering, but the TC4 titanium alloy and the TA2 titanium have obvious fusion areas in the single-wire single-beam material increasing process and are not beneficial to excessive components due to the influence of alloy component differences.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a material increasing method of a bionic structure titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double-wire, wherein double-beam double-wire material increasing is adopted at a TC4 sedimentary layer interface to form a complete interface, so that the interface stress is reduced, the interface metallurgical property is improved, and the excessive components are facilitated; each layer adopts a bionic shell-shaped structure, and the layers are staggered and rotated, and the bionic structure of TC4 titanium alloy and TA2 titanium which are overlapped in a layered manner and are interwoven in a soft-hard manner is adopted, so that the material increase component has good strength, plasticity and high impact resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a material increase method of a bionic structure titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double-wire comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Cumulatively planning 240 layers of paths according to a data model generated by a computer, wherein each layer of path is a straight line of 30mm, and slicing and layering are carried out by the computer;
(2) Path per layer: performing single-wire feeding deposition on TC4 titanium alloy wires, and performing material increase on the TC4 titanium alloy wires and the TA2 titanium wires according to a TC4 single-wire feeding path by adopting double-beam electron beam double wires at the boundary position of a TC4 deposition layer when the width of a single deposition layer is 2mm and the thickness of a single layer is 0.2mm until the width of the single layer of the TC4 deposition layer is 10 mm;
(3) Respectively assembling TC4 titanium alloy wire and TA2 titanium wire on respective wire feeders, and performing electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing according to the steps (1) and (2), wherein an electron beam high-frequency scanning time-sharing double beam is adopted: in the electron gun, a cathode filament is heated and excited to generate a large amount of free electrons, an electron beam is formed under the action of a grid and an anode, the electron beam is focused by a focusing coil, and then deflection scanning of the electron beam is carried out through a deflection scanning coil in the X-axis direction and a deflection scanning line in the Y-axis direction;
(4) According to the steps (2) and (3), additive printing of each layer is carried out by adopting a bionic shell-shaped structure, and based on a soft-hard alternating lamellar structure of the shell: in the structure with hard phases and soft phases alternately distributed, when two sides of the material are pulled, the tensile stress of the upper side and the lower side of an interface is mainly born by the hard phases; but the form of load transfer to the interior of the gradient layer is achieved by shear deformation of soft tissue along the hard tissue boundaries, so the positive strain in this structure is much less than the shear strain, and the strain energy distributed in the soft phase is higher than in the hard phase; the fracture toughness of the soft phase is greater than that of the hard phase, so that more energy can be stored, the two staggered phases can be simultaneously destroyed by utilizing a soft-hard alternating structure, the mechanical properties of the soft phase and the hard phase are fully exerted, and the shell is made; the layer has a higher fracture toughness; cooling after the additive printing of each layer is finished;
(5) After each layer of additive cooling, the wire feeder is sequentially staggered by 5 degrees and rotated by 5 degrees, and then the next layer of additive printing is carried out, so that the components are layered and staggered, and the toughness and the strength of the components are further improved;
(6) According to the steps (2) to (5), additive printing is carried out layer by layer and overlapped in a layered mode until additive manufacturing of the required titanium alloy mud brick structural member is completed
(7) And after the required titanium alloy mud brick structural member is printed, carrying out solution annealing treatment and aging treatment in sequence.
Wherein, the process parameters of the electron beam additive manufacturing are as follows: the accelerating voltage is 50-70 kV, the filament current is 10-20A, the electron beam current is 20-80 mA, the wire feeding speed is 600-3000 mm/min, the movement speed is 100-600 mm/min, the electron beam scanning mode is ellipse, the electron beam scanning amplitude is 1-4 mm, and the electron beam scanning frequency is 100-500 Hz.
The distance between the wire material on the wire feeder and the additive substrate is 3-12 mm, so that continuous droplet melting in the process of additive manufacturing is ensured; the wire feeding angle between a wire guide nozzle of the wire feeder and the additive substrate is controlled to be 10-50 degrees, so as to ensure the uniformity and the transition of molten drops in the additive manufacturing process; the dry elongation of the wires on the wire feeder from the wire guide nozzle to the central shaft of the electron beam is 5-25 mm, so that a safety space is reserved conveniently to protect the wire guide nozzle, and the safe wire feeding is ensured.
Wherein, the wire guide pipe on the wire feeder of the assembly TA2 titanium silk material sets up to linear structure, perhaps the wire guide mouth front end on the wire feeder of the assembly TA2 titanium silk material sets up water-cooling structure to prevent that the TA2 silk material from being heated the back and easily expanding, the dead phenomenon of wire guide pipe card appears.
After each layer of additive printing is finished, cooling for 10-90 s, and then performing next layer of additive printing to prevent the material from being overheated to influence the shaping of the next deposition layer and damage the overall structure of the printed component, and particularly, forcibly cooling the component when the number of layers is 70-80.
Wherein the solution annealing treatment comprises: the annealing temperature is 600-1000 ℃, and the annealing time is 20-120 min;
the aging treatment comprises the following steps: the aging temperature is 150-400 ℃, and the aging time is 40-400 min.
The TC4 titanium alloy wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti:89.12%, al:6.42%, V:4.30%, fe:0.05%, C:0.03%, and the balance: 0.08 percent, and the rest substances are N, O and the like.
The TA2 titanium wire consists of the following components in percentage by mass: ti:99.325%, fe:0.30%, C:0.08%, N:0.03%, H:0.015%, O:0.25 percent.
Wherein, before electron beam additive manufacturing, the surface treatment is carried out on the additive substrate: and (3) polishing and flattening by using sand paper with 200-600 meshes, and cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol to ensure that the surface of the product is bright.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the dual-beam electron beam dual-wire additive method at the TC4 titanium alloy deposition layer boundary, solves the problem that the TC4 and the TA2 have obvious fusion areas in the single-wire single-beam additive process, forms a complete interface, reduces the interface stress, improves the interface metallurgical property and is beneficial to excessive components.
2. The filament guiding pipe of the TA2 titanium filament material adopts a linear design or a water cooling structure is arranged at the front end of the filament guiding nozzle, so that the phenomenon that the filament guiding pipe is blocked due to the fact that the TA2 titanium filament material is easy to expand after being heated is effectively solved.
3. The additive method adopts a bionic structure of TC4 titanium alloy and TA2 titanium which are overlapped in a layered mode and interwoven in a soft-hard mode, and based on a shell pearl soft-hard alternating laminated structure, the soft-hard alternating structure is utilized to enable two staggered phases to be simultaneously destroyed, the mechanical properties of a soft phase and a hard phase are fully exerted, the problem that the TC4 titanium alloy is insufficient in toughness in the electron beam high-speed additive process is effectively solved, and the prepared additive component has higher fracture toughness and also has good strength, plasticity and high impact resistance.
4. The invention uses multi-beam flow technology and shell-like brick mud structure on the titanium alloy additive technology, and adopts the main size of the electron beam wire feeding deposition part on the forming substrate, thereby not only having high forming efficiency, but also having controllable precision, small input power, low cost and stable part printing quality.
5. The shell-like brick mud component prepared by the method has high density, and solves the problem of obvious thermodynamic defects such as air holes, cracks, inclusions and the like.
6. The method is carried out in a vacuum environment, almost has no oxidation, and effectively prevents TiO2 and other oxides generated in the printing process from influencing the organization performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of dual electron beams for performing additive manufacturing on TC4 titanium alloy wires and TA2 titanium wires;
fig. 2 is a schematic one-dimensional plane view of a bionic structure additive path of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a bias-scanning driving power supply, 2, an electron gun cathode, 3, a bias-scanning winding, 4, double electron beams, 5, a substrate, 6, a TC4 deposition layer, 7, a TC4 deposition layer boundary, 8, a TC4 and TA2 double-beam electron beam additive starting point and 9, a TC4 and TA2 double-beam electron beam additive ending point.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly and completely illustrate the invention, the following examples are given by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.
Example 1
A material increase method of a bionic structure titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double-wire comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a titanium alloy plate with a titanium atomic ratio of 55.8at.% as a substrate 5 for additive manufacturing, wherein the size of the substrate is 200mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 15mm, finely grinding by using abrasive paper with the number of 240#, 400# and 600# meshes in sequence before printing, and cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol after leveling to ensure that the surface is in a bright state;
selecting a TC4 titanium alloy wire and a TA2 titanium wire as raw materials, wherein the TC4 titanium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti:89.12%, al:6.42%, V:4.30%, fe:0.05%, C:0.03%, and the balance: 0.08 percent, and the rest substances are N, O and the like; the TA2 titanium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti:99.325%, fe:0.30%, C:0.08%, N:0.03%, H:0.015%, O:0.25 percent;
correcting the model, namely performing model correction according to the characteristics of the part model through general software, calculating machining allowance, and modifying local characteristics to enable the model to be suitable for multi-beam electron beam forming;
slicing, namely accumulatively planning 240 layers of paths according to a computer generated data model, further slicing and layering by using a computer to generate a program which can be executed by double-beam electron beam forming, and finally generating a slicing file;
step four, starting the equipment, opening a sliding door of the vacuum chamber, moving the workbench out of the vacuum chamber, and fixing the substrate 5 serving as additive manufacturing on the workbench;
respectively assembling TC4 titanium alloy wires and TA2 titanium wires on respective wire feeders at two sides, namely the wire feeder at one side corresponds to the TC4 titanium alloy wires and the wire feeder at the other side corresponds to the TA2 titanium wires, and the distance between the wires on the wire feeders and the additive substrate 5 is kept at 12mm, wherein a wire guide pipe of the wire feeder for assembling the TA2 titanium wires is designed in a straight line and is sent into a vacuum chamber, the wire feeding angle and the dry elongation are fixed, the wire feeding angle is set to be 50 degrees, the dry elongation is set to be 25mm, and the workbench is moved into vacuum and a sliding door is closed;
step six, starting a vacuum pump to pump vacuum, wherein the vacuum degree is 4 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa and keeping;
seventhly, adopting an electron beam to scan in a high-frequency mode, and time-sharing double beams, wherein the device comprises a bias-scanning driving power supply 1, an electron gun cathode 2 and a bias-scanning winding 3, scanning and emitting double electron beams 4, setting the total accelerating voltage to be 120kV, the total filament current to be 30A and the total electron beam current to be 100mA; as shown in fig. 1, TC4 is arranged at an a port, an acceleration voltage of 60kV at the a port, a filament current of 15A, an electron beam current of 50ma, and ta2 is arranged at a B port, an acceleration voltage of 60kV at the B port, a filament current of 15A, an electron beam current of 50mA, a wire feeding speed of 2000mm/min, a moving speed of 500mm/min, in an electron gun, a cathode filament of the electron gun is heated and excited to generate a large amount of free electrons, an electron beam is formed under the action of a grid and an anode, the electron beam is focused by a focusing coil, deflection scanning of the electron beam is realized by a deflection scanning coil composed of an X-axis direction deflection scanning coil and a Y-axis direction deflection scanning coil, a scanning mode of the electron beam is elliptical, a scanning amplitude of the electron beam is 3mm, a scanning frequency of the electron beam is 400Hz, and a waiting time between adjacent layers is set to 40s;
step eight, setting a single deposition layer of the TC4 titanium alloy wire, performing single-beam electron beam fuse material additive manufacturing on a TC4 deposition layer 6 with the width of 2mm and the single-layer thickness of 0.2mm, and stopping when the width of the single-layer TC4 deposition layer 6 reaches 10 mm;
step nine, at the moment, double-beam electron beam double-wire material increase is carried out on the TC4 deposition layer boundary 7 instead, from the TC4 and TA2 double-beam electron beam material increase starting point 8 to the TC4 and TA2 double-beam electron beam material increase end point 9, double-wire material increase printing is carried out on the TC4 titanium alloy wire material and the TA2 titanium wire material according to the TC4 single-wire feeding path in the step eight, material increase printing of the first layer is finished, and cooling is carried out for 10s;
tenth, rotating the wire feeding mechanism to be staggered by 5 degrees and then rotated by 5 degrees, namely, the TC4 titanium alloy wire and the TA2 titanium wire are staggered by 5 degrees and then rotated by 5 degrees, repeating the eighth step and the ninth step to finish the additive printing of the second layer, cooling for 20 seconds, rotating the wire feeding mechanism to be staggered by 5 degrees and then rotated by 5 degrees, repeating the eighth step and the ninth step to finish the additive printing of the third layer, cooling for 30 seconds, rotating the wire feeding mechanism to be staggered by 5 degrees and then rotated by 5 degrees, repeating the eighth step and the ninth step to finish the additive printing of the fourth layer, forcibly cooling the component when the 70-80 th layer is printed, and continuing the additive printing and cooling processes of the first layer and the second layer until the required titanium alloy brick structural component is finished; after each layer of additive finishes printing and cooling, wires are firstly staggered and then rotated, and then the next layer of the additive is printed, wherein each layer of additive needs to be cooled for 10-90 s after printing is finished;
step eleven, taking the titanium alloy mud brick structural member prepared in the embodiment, carrying out solution annealing at 700 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out aging at 250 ℃ for 240min, and carrying out tensile strength and elongation test on the titanium alloy mud brick structural member, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
Example 2
A material increase method of a bionic structure titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double-wire comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a titanium alloy plate with a titanium atomic ratio of 51.8at.% as a base plate for additive manufacturing, wherein the size of the base plate is 200mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 15mm, finely grinding the base plate by using sand paper with the number of 240#, 400# and 600# meshes in sequence before printing, and cleaning the base plate by using absolute ethyl alcohol after the base plate is leveled to enable the surface to be in a bright state;
selecting a TC4 titanium alloy wire and a TA2 titanium wire as raw materials, wherein the TC4 titanium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti:89.12%, al:6.42%, V:4.30%, fe:0.05%, C:0.03%, and the balance: 0.08 percent, and the rest substances are N, O and the like; the TA2 titanium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti:99.325%, fe:0.30%, C:0.08%, N:0.03%, H:0.015%, O:0.25 percent;
correcting the model, namely correcting the model according to the characteristics of the part model through general software, calculating machining allowance and modifying local characteristics to enable the model to be suitable for multi-beam electron beam forming;
slicing, namely accumulatively planning 240 layers of paths according to a computer generated data model, further slicing and layering by using a computer to generate a program which can be executed by double-beam electron beam forming, and finally generating a slicing file;
starting the equipment, opening a sliding door of the vacuum chamber, moving the workbench out of the vacuum chamber, and fixing the substrate serving as the additive manufacturing on the workbench;
respectively assembling TC4 titanium alloy wires and TA2 titanium wires on respective wire feeders at two sides, keeping the distance between the wires on the wire feeders and an additive substrate to be 8mm, arranging a water cooling structure at the front end of a wire guide nozzle of the wire feeder for assembling the TA2 titanium wires for water cooling, sending the wires into a vacuum chamber, fixing a wire feeding angle and a dry elongation, setting the wire feeding angle to be 35 degrees and the dry elongation to be 10mm, moving a workbench into vacuum, and closing a sliding door;
step six, starting a vacuum pump to pump vacuum, wherein the vacuum degree is 4 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa and keeping;
seventhly, adopting electron beams to scan time-sharing double beams at high frequency, setting the total acceleration voltage to be 120kV, the filament current to be 30A and the electron beam current to be 100mA; as shown in fig. 1, the acceleration voltage at the a port is 70kV, the filament current is 20A, the electron beam current is 80ma, the acceleration voltage at the b port is 50kV, the filament current is 10A, the electron beam current is 20mA, the wire feeding speed is 3000mm/min, the movement speed is 600mm/min, the electron beam scanning mode is elliptical, the electron beam scanning amplitude is 4mm, the electron beam scanning frequency is 500Hz, and the waiting time between adjacent layers is set to be 40s;
step eight, setting a single-channel deposition layer of the TC4 titanium alloy wire to perform single-beam electron beam fuse material additive manufacturing with the width of 2mm and the single-layer thickness of 0.2mm, and stopping when the width of the single layer of the TC4 deposition layer reaches 10 mm;
step nine, using double electron beam double wires to perform additive machining on the boundary position of the TC4 deposition layer, and performing double-wire additive machining on the TC4 titanium alloy wire and the TA2 titanium wire according to the TC4 single wire feeding path in the step eight to finish first-layer additive printing;
tenthly, after cooling for 40s, rotating the wire feeding mechanism to be staggered by 5 degrees and then rotated by 5 degrees, repeating the step eight and the step nine, completing additive printing of a second layer, after cooling for 70s, rotating the wire feeding mechanism to be staggered by 5 degrees and then rotated by 5 degrees, repeating the step eight and the step nine, completing additive printing of a third layer, after cooling for 90s, rotating the wire feeding mechanism to be staggered by 5 degrees and then rotated by 5 degrees, repeating the step eight and the step nine, completing additive printing of a fourth layer, performing forced cooling on the component when the component is printed on a 70 th layer to a 80 th layer, and continuing the additive printing and cooling processes of the first layer and the second layer until the required titanium alloy mud brick structural component is completed;
step eleven, taking the titanium alloy mud brick structural member prepared in the embodiment, carrying out solution annealing at 600 ℃ for 2h, then carrying out aging at 150 ℃ for 400min, and carrying out tensile strength and elongation test on the titanium alloy mud brick structural member, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
Example 3
A material increase method of a bionic structure titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double-wire comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a titanium alloy plate with a titanium atomic ratio of 53.8at.% as a substrate for additive manufacturing, wherein the size of the substrate is 200mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 15mm, finely grinding the substrate by using abrasive paper with the number of 240#, 400# and 600# in sequence before printing, cleaning the substrate by using absolute ethyl alcohol after leveling, and removing impurities to enable the surface to be in a bright state;
selecting a TC4 titanium alloy wire and a TA2 titanium wire as raw materials, wherein the TC4 titanium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti:89.12%, al:6.42%, V:4.30%, fe:0.05%, C:0.03%, and the balance: 0.08 percent, and the rest substances are N, O and the like; the TA2 titanium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti:99.325%, fe:0.30%, C:0.08%, N:0.03%, H:0.015%, O:0.25 percent;
correcting the model, namely performing model correction according to the characteristics of the part model through general software, calculating machining allowance, and modifying local characteristics to enable the model to be suitable for multi-beam electron beam forming;
slicing, accumulatively planning 240 layers of paths according to a data model generated by a computer, wherein each layer of path is a straight line of 30mm, further slicing and layering by the computer to generate a program which can be executed by double-beam electron beam forming, and finally generating a slice file;
starting the equipment, opening a sliding door of the vacuum chamber, moving the workbench out of the vacuum chamber, and fixing the substrate serving as the additive manufacturing on the workbench;
respectively assembling TC4 titanium alloy wires and TA2 titanium wires on respective wire feeders at two sides, keeping the distance between the wires on the wire feeders and the additive substrate to be 3mm, wherein wire guide pipes of the wire feeders for assembling the TA2 titanium wires are designed in a straight line, sending the wires into a vacuum chamber, fixing the wire feeding angle and the dry elongation, setting the wire feeding angle to be 10 degrees and the dry elongation to be 5mm, moving a workbench into vacuum, and closing a sliding door;
sixthly, starting a vacuum pump to vacuumize, wherein the vacuum degree is 4 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa and keeping;
seventhly, adopting electron beams to scan time-sharing double beams at high frequency, setting the total acceleration voltage to be 120kV, the filament current to be 30A and the electron beam current to be 100mA; as shown in fig. 1, an acceleration voltage of 55kV at the a port, a filament current of 10A, an electron beam current of 40ma, an acceleration voltage of 65kV at the b port, a filament current of 20A, an electron beam current of 60mA, a set wire feed speed of 600mm/min, a movement speed of 100mm/min, an electron beam scanning mode of ellipse, an electron beam scanning amplitude of 1mm, an electron beam scanning frequency of 100Hz, and a waiting time between adjacent layers of 40s;
step eight, setting the width of a single-channel deposition layer of the TC4 titanium alloy wire to be 2mm and the single-layer thickness to be 0.2mm, performing single-beam electron beam fuse additive manufacturing, and stopping when the width of the single layer of the TC4 deposition layer reaches 10 mm;
step nine, at the moment, double-beam electron beam double-wire material increase is carried out on the boundary position of the TC4 deposition layer, and double-wire material increase is carried out on the TC4 titanium alloy wire and the TA2 titanium wire according to the TC4 single-wire feeding path in the step eight, so that first-layer material increase printing is completed;
step ten, after cooling for 90s, rotating the wire feeding mechanism to be staggered by 5 degrees and then to be rotated by 5 degrees, repeating the step eight and the step nine to finish additive printing of a second layer, after cooling for 70s, rotating the wire feeding mechanism to be staggered by 5 degrees and then to be rotated by 5 degrees, repeating the step eight and the step nine to finish additive printing of a third layer, after cooling for 90s, rotating the wire feeding mechanism to be staggered by 5 degrees and then to be rotated by 5 degrees, repeating the step eight and the step nine to finish additive printing of a fourth layer, namely, forcibly cooling the component when the component is printed on a 70-80 th layer, and continuing the additive printing and cooling processes of the first layer and the second layer until the required titanium alloy mud brick structural component is finished;
step eleven, taking the titanium alloy mud brick structural member prepared in the embodiment, carrying out solution annealing at 1000 ℃ for 20min, then carrying out aging at 400 ℃ for 40min, and carrying out tensile strength and elongation test on the titanium alloy mud brick structural member, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The same as the first to fourth steps, the sixth step and the eighth step of the embodiment 1, except that:
step five, assembling TC4 titanium alloy wires on a wire feeder, keeping the distance between the wires on the wire feeder and the additive substrate at 12mm, sending the wires into a vacuum chamber, fixing a wire feeding angle and a dry elongation, setting the wire feeding angle at 50 degrees and the dry elongation at 25mm, moving a workbench into vacuum, and closing a sliding door;
step seven, adopting single electron beam high-frequency scanning, setting the total accelerating voltage to be 120kV, the total filament current to be 30A, the total electron beam current to be 100mA, setting the wire feeding speed to be 2000mm/min and the movement speed to be 500mm/min, in the electron gun, heating and exciting a cathode filament to generate a large amount of free electrons, forming the electron beam under the action of a grid and an anode, focusing the electron beam by a focusing coil, and then realizing deflection scanning of the electron beam by a deflection scanning coil consisting of an X-axis direction deflection scanning coil and a Y-axis direction deflection scanning coil, wherein the scanning mode of the electron beam is ellipse, the scanning amplitude of the electron beam is 3mm, the scanning frequency of the electron beam is 400Hz, and the waiting time of adjacent layers is 40s;
step nine, at the boundary position of the TC4 deposition layer, continuous TC4 titanium alloy wire filament feeding additive printing is carried out according to the TC4 monofilament feeding path in the step eight, additive printing of the first layer is finished, cooling is carried out for 10s, additive printing of the second layer is finished according to the step eight and the step nine, after cooling is carried out for 20s, additive printing of the third layer is finished according to the step eight and the step nine, and after cooling is carried out for 30s, the step once is carried out until the required titanium alloy mud brick structural member is finished;
step ten, taking the titanium alloy mud brick structural member prepared in the comparative example 2, carrying out solution annealing at 700 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out aging at 250 ℃ for 240min, and carrying out tensile strength and elongation test on the titanium alloy mud brick structural member, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
The same as the first to sixth steps and the eighth step of the embodiment 1, except that:
seventhly, adopting single electron beam high-frequency scanning, setting the accelerating voltage to be 120kV, the filament current to be 30A and the electron beam current to be 100mA, setting the wire feeding speed to be 2000mm/min and the moving speed to be 500mm/min, in the electron gun, a cathode filament is heated and excited to generate a large number of free electrons, forming the electron beam under the action of a grid and an anode, focusing the electron beam by a focusing coil, and then realizing deflection scanning of the electron beam by a deflection scanning coil consisting of an X-axis direction deflection scanning coil and a Y-axis direction deflection scanning coil, wherein the electron beam scanning mode is an ellipse, the electron beam scanning amplitude is 3mm, the electron beam scanning frequency is 400Hz, and the waiting time between adjacent layers is set to be 40s;
ninth, at the boundary position of the TC4 deposition layer, feeding and printing TA2 titanium wires in an additive mode according to the TC4 monofilament feeding path in the eighth step, cooling for 10s after the additive printing of the first layer is finished, continuing to perform additive printing of the second layer according to the eighth step and the ninth step, cooling for 20s, continuing to perform additive printing of the third layer according to the eighth step and the ninth step, and cooling for 30s before.
Step ten, taking the titanium alloy mud brick structural member prepared in the comparative example 2, carrying out solution annealing at 700 ℃ for 1h, then carrying out aging at 250 ℃ for 240min, and carrying out tensile strength and elongation test on the titanium alloy mud brick structural member, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In conclusion, the titanium alloy mud brick structural member adopts double-bundle double-wire additive materials at the TC4 deposition layer interface to form a complete interface, so that the interface stress is reduced, the interface metallurgical performance is improved, and the excessive components are facilitated; each layer adopts a bionic shell-shaped structure, and the layers are staggered and rotated, and the bionic structure of TC4 titanium alloy and TA2 titanium which are overlapped in a layered manner and are interwoven in a soft-hard manner is adopted, so that the material increase component has good strength, plasticity and high impact resistance.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating and not limiting the technical solutions of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be modified or replaced with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all modifications or partial replacements should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A material increase method of a bionic structure titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double-wire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Cumulatively planning 240 layers of paths according to a data model generated by a computer, wherein each layer of path is a straight line of 30mm, and slicing and layering are carried out by the computer;
(2) Path per layer: firstly adopting TC4 titanium alloy wire single wire feeding deposition, wherein the width of a single deposition layer is 2mm, the single layer thickness is 0.2mm, when the width of a single layer of the TC4 deposition layer is 10mm, adopting double-beam electron beam double-wire feeding deposition of TC4 titanium alloy wire and TA2 titanium wire at the boundary position of the TC4 deposition layer, and according to a TC4 single wire feeding path;
(3) Respectively assembling TC4 titanium alloy wire and TA2 titanium wire on respective wire feeders, and performing electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing according to the steps (1) and (2), wherein electron beams are adopted for high-frequency scanning, time-sharing and double beams are adopted: in the electron gun, a cathode filament is heated and excited to generate a large amount of free electrons, an electron beam is formed under the action of a grid and an anode, the electron beam is focused by a focusing coil, and then deflection scanning of the electron beam is carried out by a deflection scanning coil in the X-axis direction and a deflection scanning coil in the Y-axis direction;
(4) Performing additive printing on each layer by adopting a bionic shell-shaped structure according to the step (2) and the step (3), and cooling after the additive printing on each layer is completed;
(5) After each layer of additive is cooled, the wire feeders are sequentially staggered by 5 degrees and rotated by 5 degrees, and then the next layer of additive printing is carried out;
(6) And (5) performing additive printing layer by layer and overlapping layer by layer on the additive substrate according to the steps (2) to (5) until additive manufacturing of the required titanium alloy mud brick structural member is completed.
2. The additive manufacturing method of the bionic structure titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double-wire according to claim 1, wherein the process parameters of electron beam additive manufacturing are as follows: the accelerating voltage is 50-70 kV, the filament current is 10-20A, the electron beam current is 20-80 mA, the wire feeding speed is 600-3000 mm/min, the movement speed is 100-600 mm/min, the electron beam scanning mode is ellipse, the electron beam scanning amplitude is 1-4 mm, and the electron beam scanning frequency is 100-500 Hz.
3. The additive manufacturing method of the bionic structure titanium alloy double-beam electron beam double-wire according to claim 1, wherein a wire feeding angle between a wire guide nozzle of the wire feeder and the additive substrate is controlled to be 10-50 degrees;
the dry elongation of the silk material on the silk feeder extending out of the silk guide nozzle to the central shaft of the electron beam is 5-25 mm;
the distance between the wire on the wire feeder and the additive substrate is 3-12 mm.
4. The dual-beam electron beam dual-wire additive manufacturing method for the biomimetic structural titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein a wire guide pipe on a wire feeder for assembling the TA2 titanium wire is arranged in a linear structure, or a water cooling structure is arranged at the front end of a wire guide nozzle on the wire feeder for assembling the TA2 titanium wire.
5. The additive manufacturing method of the bionic structural titanium alloy twin-beam electron beam twin-wire according to claim 1, characterized in that after additive printing of each layer is completed, cooling is carried out for 10-90 s.
6. The additive method of the bionic structural titanium alloy twin-beam electron beam twin-wire according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the component is forcibly cooled when the number of layers is 70-80.
7. The additive method of the bionic structural titanium alloy twin-beam electron beam twin-wire according to claim 1, characterized in that after additive printing of the titanium alloy brick structural component is completed, solution annealing treatment and aging treatment are sequentially performed;
wherein, the solution annealing treatment comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature is 600-1000 ℃, and the annealing time is 20-120 min;
aging treatment: the aging temperature is 150-400 ℃, and the aging time is 40-400 min.
8. The dual-beam electron beam dual-filament additive method for the bionic structural titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the TC4 titanium alloy wire consists of the following components in percentage by mass: ti:89.12%, al:6.42%, V:4.30%, fe:0.05%, C:0.03%, and the balance: 0.08 percent;
the TA2 titanium wire material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti:99.325%, fe:0.30%, C:0.08%, N:0.03%, H:0.015%, O:0.25 percent.
9. The dual-beam electron beam dual-filament additive method for the biomimetic structural titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein before electron beam additive manufacturing, an additive substrate is subjected to surface treatment: and (4) polishing and flattening by using sand paper with 200-600 meshes, and cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol.
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