CN108620584A - The laser gain material manufacturing method and its device of congruent axialite metal component - Google Patents
The laser gain material manufacturing method and its device of congruent axialite metal component Download PDFInfo
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- CN108620584A CN108620584A CN201810290751.XA CN201810290751A CN108620584A CN 108620584 A CN108620584 A CN 108620584A CN 201810290751 A CN201810290751 A CN 201810290751A CN 108620584 A CN108620584 A CN 108620584A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
- B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of the laser gain material manufacturing methods and its device of congruent axialite metal component, laser rapid solidification process is regulated and controled using electromagnetic field, carry out the congruent axialite metal component of laser gain material manufacture, outfield non-contact type intervention is carried out in microstructure level, and the metallurgical binding in forming process between layers is improved.Invention introduces electromagnetic field auxiliary devices to regulate and control laser rapid solidification process, induce Columnar to equiaxed transition, improve the defects of metal increasing material manufacturing process, intensity, distribution by adjusting magnetic field, so that part forming process is completely in CET transformations section, the congruent axialite metal component being had excellent performance.The congruent axialite metal component of present invention process manufacture, has isotropism feature, decreases solidification cracking, improve Some Mechanical Properties, can be widely used in the equipment manufactures such as automobile, steamer, aerospace field as the parts of high-quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser gain material manufacturing method and its devices, increase more particularly to a kind of laser of metal component
Material manufacturing method and its device are applied to metal component and prepare and equipment manufacturing technical field.
Background technology
Metal laser increases material manufacturing technology, also known as metal 3D printing technique are a kind of three-dimensional digital models of Component- Based Development,
Molten bath successively by fusion of metal powder and is formed as heat source by using laser beam, molten bath is in metallic substrates or last layer gold
The lower new technology quickly solidified of strong cold-working belonged to, including the laser selective smelting technology of powder bed powdering and coaxial powder-feeding
Laser solid forming technology, this feature are allowed to that almost any shape of component can be manufactured.It is especially high-precision in aerospace etc.
In the complex component manufacture in pointed collar domain, this technology has advantage outstanding, has broad application prospects, by various countries' material
Processing and manufacturing great attention.
China is the first in the world manufacture big country, but high-end manufacturing industry accounting rate but lags far behind developed country, with " in
2025 " strategy of state's manufacture is carried out energetically, and it will be field of giving priority to that development high end materials, which are prepared with equipment manufacture, and metal swashs
For light increases material manufacturing technology also by as powerful motive force, intelligentized metal component design promotes its development with being manufactured as
Important topic.Currently, the increases material manufacturing technology of metal component has been widely used in aerospace, steamer automobile and weapon national defence
Equal fields.
Analyzed from metal increases material manufacturing technology itself, molten bath process of setting belong to quickly solidification scope, form mainly by
Laser heating condition and the control of matrix cooling condition, are organized as flourishing column crystal under normal circumstances.This tissue have it is each to
Anisotropic feature, the problems such as easily leading to crystal growth direction out of control, micropore, crackle and deform, while in certain specific function parts,
No yield point and few column crystal are wished, so how to effectively control this to melt-solidify metallurgical process, and then regulates and controls solidified structure, most
The metal component for obtaining excellent in mechanical performance eventually is always a problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Invention content
In order to solve prior art problem, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide one kind
The laser gain material manufacturing method and its device of congruent axialite metal component, introduce electromagnetic field auxiliary device to laser rapid solidification
Process is regulated and controled, and Columnar to equiaxed transition is induced, i.e. CET transformations improve the defects of metal increasing material manufacturing process,
Intensity, distribution by adjusting magnetic field can make part forming process be completely in CET transformations section, be had excellent performance
Congruent axialite metal component.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is conceived using following innovation and creation：
In order to solve the existing defect of laser gain material manufacturing technology and improve its metal component performance prepared, the present invention utilizes
Electromagnetic field regulates and controls laser rapid solidification process, provides the congruent axialite metal component method of a kind of laser gain material manufacture and auxiliary
Device is helped, carries out outfield non-contact type intervention in microstructure level, and to the metallurgical binding in forming process between layers
Improved.The congruent axialite metal component of this technique manufacture, has isotropism feature, decreases solidification cracking, carry
High Some Mechanical Properties can be widely used in automobile as the parts of high-quality, take turns such as intensity, toughness, fatigue life
The equipment manufactures such as ship, aerospace field.
Conceived according to foregoing invention, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of laser gain material manufacturing method of congruence axialite metal component, includes the following steps：
A. prepare metal substrate, and surface grinding and polishing processing is carried out to metal substrate, keep metal substrate smooth；
B. the globular metallic powder that preparation size distribution is 60~120 μm is as base material powder, metal powder and in step a
The material identical of the metal substrate of middle use, and screening and drying and processing are carried out to metal powder, dry metal powder is obtained,
As the raw material for standby for preparing metal component；Base material powder is preferably stainless steel, nickel, nickel alloy, aluminium, aluminium alloy, titanium, titanium conjunction
Any one metal material or arbitrary several metal materials in gold, copper, copper alloy and cochrome；
C. protective gas or powder feeding gas are not less than 99% argon gas using volume ratio purity, and test button is prepared by required
It is depicted as three-dimensional CAD model and is layered, then by test button information input laser gain material manufacturing device, by wanting as follows
Seek the running parameter for setting laser aid：Laser power is not less than 2KW, and laser scanning speed is not less than 9mm/s, laser facula
Diameter is not more than 5mm, and every layer of metal freezing layer thickness is not more than 0.3mm, by sending material device or horizontal paving material device vertically,
The metal powder of the drying prepared in stepb is delivered at each layer of metal component laser forming position, in protective gas
Under atmosphere, by using laser beam as heat source, successively by fusion of metal powder and successively metal bath is formed；It is preferred that being taken
Increasing material manufacturing technique laser parameter be its heating time 10-7~10-3In the range of s, preferably laser power density is not low
In 10KW/cm2, preferably laser spot diameter is 0.1~5mm, and preferably laser work distance is 100~500mm；As the present invention
Preferred technical solution, using powder feeding gas, makes raw metal powder and powder feeding gas mixing, shape using material device is sent vertically
At powder and gas carrier mixed flow, control metal powder flow velocity is not less than 5g/min, and carrier gas flux is not less than 6L/min, thus will
Raw metal dusty material is delivered at each layer of metal component laser forming position, and carrying out laser melting formation, successively metal is molten
Pond；
D. the metal bath formed in step c is solidified in the strong cold-working of metal substrate or each layer of metal under,
When metal bath is solidified, the electromagnetic field assistant metal increasing material manufacturing process of 10T is not more than by applying magnetic field intensity, to every
The process of setting of one layer of metal bath is regulated and controled, and electromagnetic field generates the spatial intensity distribution in magnetic field according to preparing metal component
Material category is controlled, and is maintained metal component forming process to be in equiax crystal and is formed section, to control metal solidification texture
It is equiax crystal, prepares metal component just base；As currently preferred technical solution, into row metal increasing material manufacturing process
In, apply electromagnetic field, the conductive metal melt of flowing generates induced current under magnetic fields, this electric current and externally-applied magnetic field are mutual
It acts in metal bath and generates a kind of electromagnetic force, the convection current for inhibiting metal bath to be generated due to temperature gradient；Quickly solidification
Temperature gradient is maintained at solid liquid interface in the process, thermocurrent will be generated at solid liquid interface, the electric current and externally-applied magnetic field are mutual
Effect generates another thermoelectricity magnetic force for inspiring melt flows；The reciprocation of both electromagnetic forces is to metal freezing dendrite end
Portion generates shear action, causes dendrite fragmentation, has refined crystal grain；By controlling magnitude of field intensity and Distribution of Magnetic Field, to control
The congruent axialite structure of different metal material is prepared in the transformation of different materials column crystal orientation equiax crystal during increasing material manufacturing
Part；The electromagnetic field of assistant metal increasing material manufacturing use steady magnetic field, alternating magnetic field and pulsed magnetic field in any one magnetic field or
The integrated magnetic field of arbitrary several magnetic field mixing, preferably magnetic direction can carry out the adjustment of space three-dimensional degree on demand；
E. DA heat treatments are carried out to base at the beginning of the metal component that is prepared in step d, control heat treatment temperature is 620~720
DEG C, it is heat-treated soaking time at least 8h, prepares the congruent axialite metal component for meeting target call.As currently preferred
Technical solution, system of heat treatment process are regulated and controled according to metal component material, by adjusting heating curve, soaking time, drop
Any one factor or arbitrary several factors, are heat-treated base at the beginning of metal component, prepare in warm curve, protective atmosphere
Meet the congruent axialite metal component of target call.
A kind of laser gain material manufacturing device of congruence axialite metal component, including massaging device, laser aid, feed and cloth
Expect device, electromagnetic field generator, metal substrate and metal substrate lifting gear, metal component to be formed is on metallic substrates
It prepares, the raw metal powder of metal component to be formed and the material identical of metal substrate, according to the metal component that need to be shaped
Arbitrary shape at three-dimensional CAD model, using delamination software according to certain thickness hierarchy slicing, i.e., by the three-dimensional data of part
Information is converted into a series of two dimensional surface information, in input information device, massaging device by main control unit to laser aid,
Feed and distribution device, electromagnetic field generator and metal substrate lifting gear controlled, by send vertically material device or
Metal powder is delivered to each layer of metal structure by level paving material device as feed and distribution device under protective gas atmosphere
At the laser forming position of part, laser aid is mainly made of laser and scanning system, is swashed by using what laser was sent out
Light beam successively by fusion of metal powder and forms successively metal bath as heat source；Metal bath is in metal substrate or each
The strong cold-working of layer metal is solidified under, and when metal bath is solidified, it is strong to apply magnetic field by electromagnetic field generator
Electromagnetic field of the degree no more than 10T, regulates and controls the process of setting of each layer of metal bath, and the space that electromagnetic field generates magnetic field is strong
Degree distribution is controlled according to the material category of prepared metal component, and metal component forming process is maintained to be formed in equiax crystal
Section, makes metal component carry out the forming that is layering, and metal substrate lifting gear driving metal substrate is declined layer by layer so that
Under the magnetic fields for the magnetic field intensity range that metal component forming process is formed all in equiaxed grain structure, finally directly prepare
With congruent axialite tissue metal component.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, feed and distribution device include mainly coaxial powder-feeding nozzle, feed
With distribution device by coaxial powder-feeding nozzle, using powder feeding gas, make the raw metal powder for preparing metal component and powder feeding gas
Body mixes, and forms powder and gas carrier mixed flow, to which raw metal dusty material is delivered to each layer of metal component laser
At shaping position, carries out laser melting and form successively metal bath.
As another optimal technical scheme of the present invention, feed and distribution device include mainly powder cylinder lifting gear and paving
Powder system, powder cylinder lifting gear control the supply output of raw metal powder, and raw metal powder is by powdering system according to finger
Given layer thickness is spread on metal substrate and successively superposition is laid with, laser beam according to metal component hierarchical information to raw metal powder into
Row successively melts, and forms successively metal bath.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following obvious prominent substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage：
1. the present invention prepares congruent axialite metal component laser gain material manufacturing method, electromagnetic field auxiliary device is introduced to swashing
Light rapid solidification is regulated and controled, and Columnar to equiaxed transition is induced, i.e. CET transformations improve metal increasing material manufacturing
The defects of journey, intensity, distribution by adjusting magnetic field so that part forming process is completely in CET transformations section, obtaining property
The excellent congruent axialite metal component of energy；
2. in metal component laser gain material manufacturing process of the present invention, it can be achieved that the pattern of Arbitrary 3 D part, component with
And the control of tissue, reach the target for preparing congruent axialite metal component；
3. the electromagnetic field device simple installation of assistant metal increasing material manufacturing process of the present invention, magnetic field intensity and direction are easy to change
Become, be suitable for almost the component printing of all nonmagnetic metal powders, and electromagnetic field carries the impact effect of solidified structure
It is raised to control plane so that direct forming congruence axialite metal component becomes a reality；
4. entire technological process of the invention is simple and effective, it is not related to larger scrap build, each metal material can be directed to
The device for often covering particular magnetic field strength is developed, rear heat treating regime also can carry out specific matching with each metal material, carry
The congruent axialite metal component performance of high efficiency, preparation is more excellent, consistent.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the laser gain material manufacturing device structural schematic diagram of the congruent axialite metal component of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 2 is the laser gain material manufacturing device structural schematic diagram of the congruent axialite metal component of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Fig. 3 is congruent axialite prepared by the laser gain material manufacturing method of the congruent axialite metal component of the embodiment of the present invention one
GH4169 nickel base superalloy sample crystal orientation maps.
Fig. 4 is congruent axialite prepared by the laser gain material manufacturing method of the congruent axialite metal component of the embodiment of the present invention one
GH4169 nickel base superalloy samples micro-organization chart.
Specific implementation mode
Said program is described further below in conjunction with specific examples of the implementation, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail such as
Under：
Embodiment one：
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 1, a kind of laser gain material manufacturing method of congruence axialite metal component uses
GH4169 Ni-base Superalloy Powders and electromagnetic field assist powder feeding formula metal increasing material manufacturing method, include the following steps：
A. prepare the GH4169 nickel base superalloy substrates of 100mm*10mm*6mm a series of, and table is carried out to metal substrate
Face grinding and polishing processing, keeps metal substrate smooth；
B. prepare spherical GH4169 Ni-base Superalloy Powders that size distribution is 60~120 μm as base material powder,
The material identical of GH4169 Ni-base Superalloy Powders and the GH4169 nickel base superalloy substrates used in step a, and it is right
GH4169 Ni-base Superalloy Powders carry out screening and drying and processing, obtain dry GH4169 Ni-base Superalloy Powders, make
To prepare the raw material for standby of metal component；
C. vertical coaxial powder feeding apparatus is used, raw metal powder and powder feeding gas mixing are made, forms powder and protection gas
The mixed flow of body gas carrier, protective gas and powder feeding gas are all made of the argon gas that volume ratio purity is not less than 99%, by required system
The test button that standby size is 60mm*50mm*5mm is depicted as three-dimensional CAD model and is layered, then by test button information
It inputs in laser gain material manufacturing device, the running parameter of laser aid and vertical coaxial powder feeding apparatus is set by following requirement：
Laser power 2KW, laser scanning speed 9mm/s, laser spot diameter 5mm, every layer of metal freezing layer thickness 0.3mm, laser work(
Rate density 10KW/cm2, laser work distance is 100mm, the rate of powder 5g/min of vertical coaxial powder feeding apparatus, vertical coaxial
The carrier gas flux 6L/min of dust feeder；By sending material device vertically, by the Ni-based height of the GH4169 of the drying prepared in stepb
Temperature alloy powder is delivered at each layer of metal component laser forming position, under argon gas protective gas atmosphere, by using sharp
GH4169 Ni-base Superalloy Powders are successively melted as heat source and form successively metal bath by light beam；
D. the metal bath formed in step c is Ni-based in GH4169 nickel base superalloys substrate or each layer of GH4169
The lower solidification of the strong cold-working of high temperature alloy, when metal bath is solidified, by applying the steady electricity that magnetic field intensity is 0.5T
Magnetic field assistant metal increasing material manufacturing process, regulates and controls the process of setting of each layer of metal bath, and keep magnetic direction vertical
In deposition direction, maintains GH4169 nickel base superalloy elements during formations to be in equiax crystal and form section, to control
GH4169 nickel base superalloy solidified structures are equiax crystal, prepare GH4169 nickel base superalloys component just base；
E. DA heat treatments, control heat treatment are carried out to base at the beginning of the GH4169 nickel base superalloy components that are prepared in step d
Temperature is to be heat-treated soaking time 8h 620, then continues to be heat-treated soaking time 8h 720, after completing DA heat treatments, system
For the GH4169 nickel base superalloy components for the congruent axialite for going out to meet target call.
In the present embodiment, during into row metal increasing material manufacturing, apply electromagnetic field, the conductive metal melt of flowing exists
Induced current is generated under magnetic fields, this electric current generates a kind of electromagnetic force with externally-applied magnetic field interaction in metal bath, presses down
The convection current that metal bath processed is generated due to temperature gradient；Temperature gradient is maintained in rapid solidification at solid liquid interface, it will
Thermocurrent is generated at solid liquid interface, which interacts with externally-applied magnetic field, generates another thermoelectricity for inspiring melt flows
Magnetic force；The reciprocation of both electromagnetic forces generates shear action to metal freezing dendrite end, causes dendrite fragmentation, refines
Crystal grain；By controlling magnitude of field intensity and Distribution of Magnetic Field, to control different materials column crystal orientation etc. during increasing material manufacturing
The congruent axialite component of different metal material is prepared in the transformation of axialite.
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 1, a kind of laser gain material manufacturing device of congruence axialite metal component, including information
Device, laser aid, feed and distribution device, electromagnetic field generator 7, metal substrate 8 and metal substrate lifting gear, are waited for into
The metal component 6 of shape is prepared on metal substrate 8, the material of the raw metal powder and metal substrate 8 of metal component 6 to be formed
Expect it is identical, according to the arbitrary shape for the metal component 6 that need to be shaped at three-dimensional CAD model, using delamination software according to certain thickness
Hierarchy slicing is spent, i.e., the three-dimensional data information of part is converted into a series of two dimensional surface information, in input information device, information
Device is by main control unit to laser aid, feed and distribution device, electromagnetic field generator 7 and metal substrate lifting gear
It is controlled, by sending material device or horizontal paving material device to be used as feed and distribution device vertically, under protective gas atmosphere,
Metal powder is delivered at the laser forming position of each layer of metal component 6, laser aid is mainly by laser 1 and scanning
3 composition of system, the laser beam 2 sent out by using laser 1 are used as heat source, successively by fusion of metal powder and form successively metal
Molten bath；Metal bath is solidified in the strong cold-working of metal substrate 8 or each layer of metal under, is solidified in metal bath
When, the electromagnetic field that magnetic field intensity is not more than 10T, the solidification to each layer of metal bath are applied by electromagnetic field generator 7
Cheng Jinhang regulates and controls, and the spatial intensity distribution that electromagnetic field generates magnetic field is controlled according to the material category of prepared metal component 6,
It maintains 6 forming process of metal component to be in equiax crystal and forms section, metal component 6 is made to carry out the forming that is layering, metal substrate
Lifting gear driving metal substrate 8 is declined layer by layer so that 6 forming process of metal component is formed all in equiaxed grain structure
Under the magnetic fields of magnetic field intensity range, finally directly prepare with congruent axialite tissue metal component 6.
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 1, feed and distribution device include mainly coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 4, feed and cloth dress
It sets through coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 4, using powder feeding gas, makes the raw metal powder for preparing metal component 6 and powder feeding gas mixing,
Powder and gas carrier mixed flow 5 are formed, to which raw metal dusty material is delivered to each layer of 6 laser forming position of metal component
Place is set, laser melting is carried out and forms successively metal bath.
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 1, the laser gain material manufacturing device preparation GH4169 of congruent axialite metal component is Ni-based
When superalloy components, after laser beam 2 is generated by laser 1, it is scanned through system 3 and carries out parameter adjustment, fusing passes through spray
Mouth 4 and argon inert gas are sent to the GH4169 Ni-base Superalloy Powders of target location, are formed laser molten pool, are passed through electromagnetic field
The steady magnetic field that generating means 7 generates carries out contactless intervention to molten bath, and then regulates and controls GH4169 nickel base superalloy solidification groups
It is woven to equiaxed grain structure, so that GH4169 nickel base superalloy components is layering, metal substrate 8 declines layer by layer so that shaped
The magnetic field intensity range that journey is formed all in equiaxed grain structure finally directly prepares congruent axialite metal component.
The present embodiment uses electromagnetic field assistant metal increasing material manufacturing process, is exactly that a kind of non-contact type outfield auxiliary laser is fast
Fast process of setting, electromagnetic field will have an impact metal bath convection current and heat and mass in molten bath, to influence solidified structure and
Performance.The present embodiment is according to needing the arbitrary shape of form metal component at three-dimensional CAD model, using delamination software according to certain
The three-dimensional data information of part is converted into a series of two dimensional surface information by thickness hierarchy slicing；Secondly, by sending material vertically
Device, by specific raw material send to each layer of metal component laser forming；Again, when according to specific suitable laser
When increasing material manufacturing parameter carries out fusing forming, applies electromagnetic field and each layer of process of setting is regulated and controled, electromagnetic field generates magnetic
The spatial intensity distribution of field is accurately controlled according to different materials, ensures that entire metal component forming process is in isometric crystalline form
It is equiax crystal to control solidified structure at section；Finally, by the progress thermal stress release of suitable heat treating regime and again
Crystallization improves equiaxial crystal ratio and isotropism feature, and then promotes certain particular characteristics, prepares the congruence for meeting target call
Axialite metal component.
This outfield of Steady Electromagnetic Field is introduced the manufacture of GH4169 nickel base superalloy laser gain materials layer by layer by the present embodiment
Forming process has prepared congruent axialite metal component, and sample micro-organization chart and crystal orientation figure are shown in attached drawing 3 and Fig. 4, very well
The defects of metal increasing material manufacturing process is improved, and heat treating regime is added in end, substantially increases congruent axialite gold
The mechanical property of metal elements.The present embodiment is filled using the laser gain material manufacturing method and auxiliary of a kind of congruent axialite metal component
It sets.In the laser gain material manufacturing process of metal parts, performance is determined by rapid solidification structure in laser gain material manufacturing process, institute
Directly to determine the performance of increasing material manufacturing metal component to the control of solidified structure in laser molten pool.Under normal circumstances, by temperature
The restriction of gradient and cooling rate is spent, it is coarse column crystal along deposition direction that metal component group, which is woven in laser gain material manufacturing process,
Growth has stronger anisotropic character, while this solidified structure also some defects of generally existing, such as crackle, stomata.
In certain specific function parts, isotropism feature is needed, that is, intentionally gets the component of No yield point and less column crystal, at present
Often because there is performance directionality target is not achieved, the process and cost of follow-up tissue micronization processes are increased.This reality
The preparation congruence axialite metal component laser gain material manufacturing method for applying example proposition, it is quick to laser to introduce electromagnetic field auxiliary device
Process of setting is regulated and controled, and Columnar to equiaxed transition, i.e. CET transformations, during improving metal increasing material manufacturing are induced
Defect, intensity, distribution by adjusting magnetic field can make part forming process be completely in CET transformations section, obtain performance
Excellent congruent axialite metal component.
Embodiment two：
The present embodiment and embodiment one are essentially identical, are particular in that：
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 2, a kind of laser gain material manufacturing device of congruence axialite metal component has level
Powdering formula metal increasing material manufacturing device, feed and distribution device include mainly powder cylinder lifting gear 9 and powdering system 11, powder cylinder liter
Falling unit 9 controls the supply output of raw metal powder 10, and the raw metal powder 10 of GH4169 nickel base superalloys passes through paving
Powder system 11 is spread according to specified thickness on metal substrate 8 and successively superposition is laid with, and laser beam 2 is layered according to metal component 6 to be believed
Breath successively melts raw metal powder 10, forms successively metal bath.
In the present embodiment, referring to Fig. 2, the laser gain material manufacturing device preparation GH4169 of congruent axialite metal component is Ni-based
When superalloy components, laser beam 2 expects metal-powder 10 by carrying out parameter adjustment through over-scanning system 3 after the generation of laser 1
It is spread to GH4169 nickel base superalloy substrates according to specified thickness by powdering system 11, laser beam 2 is according to component hierarchical information
It is successively melted, forms laser molten pool, nothing is carried out to each layer of molten bath by the pulsed magnetic field that electromagnetic field generator 7 generates
Interfering contact, so regulate and control GH4169 nickel base superalloy solidified structures be equiaxed grain structure, powder cylinder lifting gear 9 layer by layer on
It rises, so that GH4169 nickel base superalloy components is layering, GH4169 nickel base superalloy substrates decline layer by layer so that GH4169
The magnetic field intensity range that nickel base superalloy forming process is formed all in equiaxed grain structure, finally directly prepares congruent axialite
Metal component.
The preparation congruence axialite metal component laser gain material manufacturing method that the present embodiment proposes, it is auxiliary to introduce pulse electromagnetic field
It helps device to regulate and control laser rapid solidification process, induces Columnar to equiaxed transition, is i.e. CET transformations improve metal
The defects of increasing material manufacturing process, intensity, distribution by adjusting pulsed magnetic field, can make part forming process be completely in
CET changes section, the congruent axialite metal component being had excellent performance.
Embodiment three：
The present embodiment is substantially the same as in the previous example, and is particular in that：
In the present embodiment, it is exactly a kind of non-contact type outfield auxiliary using electromagnetic field assistant metal increasing material manufacturing process
Laser rapid solidification process, electromagnetic field will have an impact metal bath convection current and heat and mass in molten bath, to influence to solidify
Tissue and performance.The electromagnetic field of the present embodiment assistant metal increasing material manufacturing use alternating magnetic field, and make magnetic direction on demand into
The adjustment of row space three-dimensional degree, the present embodiment is by taking laser gain material manufactures GH4169 nickel base superalloys as an example, by applying electromagnetism
Field regulates and controls laser molten pool process of setting, it was found that when magnetic field intensity is improved to 0.5T or more, can promote coarse column crystal
Change to tiny equiax crystal, some defects of generally existing before improving, and size and space point by controlling magnetic field
Cloth can make metal component forming overall process be in the section that this column crystal is changed into equiax crystal, to obtain congruent axialite
GH4169 nickel base superalloy components.If magnetic field intensity is improved to 10T or more, since energy consumption is excessive, it is neither easily controllable nor
It is economical.
In the present embodiment, congruent axialite solidified structure shape is controlled using electromagnetic field assistant metal increasing material manufacturing process
At, system of heat treatment process is regulated and controled according to metal component material, by adjust heating curve, soaking time, temperature lowering curve,
Any one factor or arbitrary several factors, are heat-treated base at the beginning of metal component, prepare and meet mesh in protective atmosphere
Mark desired congruent axialite metal component.
, it can be achieved that pattern, component to Arbitrary 3 D part in the present embodiment metal component laser gain material manufacturing process
And the control of tissue, reach the target for preparing congruent axialite metal component.The electromagnetic field of assistant metal increasing material manufacturing process
Device simple installation, magnetic field intensity and direction are easy to change, and are suitable for almost the component printing of all nonmagnetic metal powders, and
And electromagnetic field promotes to control plane the impact effect of solidified structure so that direct forming congruence axialite metal component becomes
Reality.Entire technological process is simple and effective, is not related to larger scrap build, can be developed for each metal material and often be covered
The device of particular magnetic field strength, rear heat treating regime can also carry out specific matching with each metal material, improve production efficiency,
The congruent axialite metal component performance of preparation is more excellent, consistent.
Laser gain material manufacturing process, electromagnetic field outfield aid in treatment technique, heat treatment process are introduced congruence by the present embodiment
Axialite metal component direct forming manufacturing process shortens the process cycle for preparing congruent axialite metal component, improves well
The forming defects of metal increasing material manufacturing component expand the application field of laser gain material manufacture.
Example IV：
The present embodiment is substantially the same as in the previous example, and is particular in that：
In the present embodiment, using electromagnetic field assistant metal increasing material manufacturing process, this technique is not limited to nickel-base high-temperature
The metal components such as alloy or the congruent axialite stainless steel of laser gain material manufacture, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy provide thinking
And technology of preparing.Entire technological process is simple and effective, is not related to larger scrap build, can be opened for each metal material
Hair often covers the device of particular magnetic field strength, and rear heat treating regime can also carry out specific matching with each metal material, improve life
Efficiency is produced, the congruent axialite metal component performance of preparation is more excellent, consistent.The present embodiment is applied during metal increasing material manufacturing
Magnetic field is powered up, the conductive metal melt of flowing generates induced current under magnetic fields, this electric current interacts with externally-applied magnetic field
Electromagnetic force is generated in metal bath, the convection current for inhibiting metal bath to be generated due to excessive temperature gradient；On the other hand, quickly
Excessive temperature gradient in process of setting at solid liquid interface will generate thermocurrent here, which interacts with externally-applied magnetic field
Generate the thermoelectricity magnetic force for inspiring melt flows.The reciprocation of both power generates shearing to dendrite end, causes dendrite fragmentation,
Crystal grain is refined；By controlling magnitude of field intensity and distribution, to control different materials column crystal orientation during increasing material manufacturing
The congruent axialite component of different metal material is prepared in the transformation of equiax crystal.
Embodiment five：
The present embodiment is substantially the same as in the previous example, and is particular in that：
In the present embodiment, a kind of laser gain material manufacturing device of congruent axialite metal component, can provide a kind of congruent axis
The electromagnetic field of the mating application of laser gain material manufacturing method of brilliant metal component, belonging to independent device easily can install and tear open
It unloads, interference will not be generated to normal increasing material manufacturing process, only laser molten pool process of setting be had an impact, and be suitble to adjustment
Its magnitude of field intensity and magnetic field space distribution.The present embodiment does not carry out increasing material manufacturing equipment larger change, can basis
The difference of material carries out quick laser parameter and the modification of powder feeding efficiency, and electromagnetic field can also quickly be sized distribution, to
Congruent axialite metal component can quickly be prepared.
The embodiment of the present invention is illustrated above in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, it can be with
The purpose of innovation and creation according to the present invention makes a variety of variations, under the Spirit Essence and principle of all technical solutions according to the present invention
Change, modification, replacement, combination or the simplification made, should be equivalent substitute mode, as long as meeting the goal of the invention of the present invention,
The technical principle and invention structure of laser gain material manufacturing method and its device without departing from congruent axialite metal component of the invention
Think, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of laser gain material manufacturing method of congruence axialite metal component, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
A. prepare metal substrate, and surface grinding and polishing processing is carried out to metal substrate, keep metal substrate smooth；
B. the globular metallic powder that preparation size distribution is 60~120 μm is as base material powder, metal powder and in the step a
The material identical of the metal substrate of middle use, and screening and drying and processing are carried out to metal powder, dry metal powder is obtained,
As the raw material for standby for preparing metal component；
C. protective gas or powder feeding gas are not less than 99% argon gas using volume ratio purity, and the required test button for preparing is drawn
It at three-dimensional CAD model and is layered, then by test button information input laser gain material manufacturing device, is set by following requirement
The running parameter of laser aid is set：Laser power is not less than 2KW, and laser scanning speed is not less than 9mm/s, laser spot diameter
No more than 5mm, every layer of metal freezing layer thickness is not more than 0.3mm, will be by sending material device or horizontal paving material device vertically
The metal powder of the drying prepared in the step b is delivered at each layer of metal component laser forming position, in protective gas
Under atmosphere, by using laser beam as heat source, successively by fusion of metal powder and successively metal bath is formed；
D. the metal bath formed in the step c is solidified in the strong cold-working of metal substrate or each layer of metal under,
When metal bath is solidified, the electromagnetic field assistant metal increasing material manufacturing process of 10T is not more than by applying magnetic field intensity, to every
The process of setting of one layer of metal bath is regulated and controled, and electromagnetic field generates the spatial intensity distribution in magnetic field according to preparing metal component
Material category is controlled, and is maintained metal component forming process to be in equiax crystal and is formed section, to control metal solidification texture
It is equiax crystal, prepares metal component just base；
E. DA heat treatments are carried out to base at the beginning of the metal component that is prepared in the step d, control heat treatment temperature is 620~720
DEG C, it is heat-treated soaking time at least 16h, prepares the congruent axialite metal component for meeting target call.
2. the laser gain material manufacturing method of congruent axialite metal component according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step
In rapid d, during into row metal increasing material manufacturing, apply electromagnetic field, the conductive metal melt of flowing generates under magnetic fields
Induced current, the interaction of this electric current and externally-applied magnetic field generate a kind of electromagnetic force in metal bath, inhibit metal bath due to
Temperature gradient and the convection current generated；Temperature gradient is maintained in rapid solidification at solid liquid interface, will be produced at solid liquid interface
Heat electric current, the electric current interact with externally-applied magnetic field, generate another thermoelectricity magnetic force for inspiring melt flows；Both electromagnetism
The reciprocation of power generates shear action to metal freezing dendrite end, causes dendrite fragmentation, has refined crystal grain；By controlling magnetic
Field intensity size and Distribution of Magnetic Field are prepared to control the transformation of different materials column crystal orientation equiax crystal during increasing material manufacturing
Go out the congruent axialite component of different metal material.
3. the laser gain material manufacturing method of congruence axialite metal component according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute
It states in step d, the electromagnetic field of assistant metal increasing material manufacturing is any one magnetic in steady magnetic field, alternating magnetic field and pulsed magnetic field
The integrated magnetic field of field or arbitrary several magnetic fields mixing, magnetic direction can carry out the adjustment of space three-dimensional degree on demand.
4. the laser gain material manufacturing method of congruence axialite metal component according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute
It states in step c, the laser parameter of the increasing material manufacturing technique taken is its heating time 10-7~10-3In the range of s, laser
Power density is not less than 10KW/cm2, laser spot diameter is 0.1~5mm, and laser work distance is 100~500mm.
5. the laser gain material manufacturing method of congruence axialite metal component according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute
It states in step c, using material device is sent vertically, using powder feeding gas, makes raw metal powder and powder feeding gas mixing, form powder
With gas carrier mixed flow, control metal powder flow velocity is not less than 5g/min, and carrier gas flux is not less than 6L/min, to which raw material is golden
Belong to dusty material to be delivered at each layer of metal component laser forming position, carries out laser melting and form successively metal bath.
6. the laser gain material manufacturing method of congruence axialite metal component according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute
It states in step e, system of heat treatment process is regulated and controled according to metal component material, by adjusting heating curve, soaking time, drop
Any one factor or arbitrary several factors, are heat-treated base at the beginning of metal component, prepare in warm curve, protective atmosphere
Meet the congruent axialite metal component of target call.
7. the laser gain material manufacturing method of congruence axialite metal component according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute
It states in step b, base material powder is stainless steel, nickel, nickel alloy, aluminium, aluminium alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, copper, copper alloy and cochrome
In any one metal material or arbitrary several metal materials.
8. a kind of laser gain material manufacturing device of congruence axialite metal component, it is characterised in that：It is filled including massaging device, laser
It sets, be fed and distribution device, electromagnetic field generator (7), metal substrate (8) and metal substrate lifting gear, gold to be formed
Metal elements (6) are prepared on metal substrate (8), raw metal powder and the metal substrate (8) of metal component to be formed (6)
Material identical, according to the arbitrary shape for the metal component (6) that need to be shaped at three-dimensional CAD model, using delamination software according to certain
Thickness hierarchy slicing, i.e., the three-dimensional data information of part is converted into a series of two dimensional surface information, in input information device,
Described information device is by main control unit to laser aid, feed and distribution device, electromagnetic field generator (7) and Metal Substrate
Plate lifting gear is controlled, and by sending material device or horizontal paving material device to be used as feed and distribution device vertically, is being protected
Under gas atmosphere, metal powder is delivered at the laser forming position of each layer of metal component (6), the laser aid is main
It is made of laser (1) and scanning system (3), heat source is used as by using the laser beam (2) that laser (1) is sent out, successively will
Fusion of metal powder simultaneously forms successively metal bath；Metal bath is used in the strong cold-working of metal substrate (8) or each layer of metal
Under solidified, when metal bath is solidified, magnetic field intensity is applied no more than 10T by electromagnetic field generator (7)
Electromagnetic field regulates and controls the process of setting of each layer of metal bath, and electromagnetic field generates the spatial intensity distribution in magnetic field according to institute
The material category for preparing metal component (6) is controlled, and is maintained metal component (6) forming process to be in equiax crystal and is formed section,
Metal component (6) is set to carry out the forming that is layering, metal substrate lifting gear driving metal substrate (8) is declined, made layer by layer
Under the magnetic fields of magnetic field intensity range that are formed all in equiaxed grain structure of metal component (6) forming process, it is final direct
It prepares with congruent axialite tissue metal component (6).
9. the laser gain material manufacturing device of congruent axialite metal component according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The feed
Include mainly coaxial powder-feeding nozzle (4) with distribution device, the feed and distribution device are used by coaxial powder-feeding nozzle (4)
Powder feeding gas makes the raw metal powder and powder feeding gas mixing that prepare metal component (6), forms powder and gas carrier mixed flow
(5), to which raw metal dusty material to be delivered at each layer of metal component (6) laser forming position, laser melting is carried out
Form successively metal bath.
10. the laser gain material manufacturing device of congruent axialite metal component according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The confession
Material and distribution device include mainly powder cylinder lifting gear (9) and powdering system (11), and powder cylinder lifting gear (9) controls raw metal
The supply of powder (10) exports, and raw metal powder (10) is spread according to specified thickness to metal substrate by powdering system (11)
(8) on and successively superposition is laid with, laser beam (2) according to metal component (6) hierarchical information to raw metal powder (10) carry out by
Layer fusing, forms successively metal bath.
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| CN115415546A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-12-02 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Method and device for manufacturing characteristic structure on surface of metal material in additive mode |
| CN117884657A (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-04-16 | 武汉纺织大学 | Outfield auxiliary laser additive manufacturing device and application method thereof |
| CN117884657B (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-06-04 | 武汉纺织大学 | Outfield auxiliary laser additive manufacturing device and application method thereof |
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