CN113681028A - Method and device for additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy in static magnetic field - Google Patents

Method and device for additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy in static magnetic field Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113681028A
CN113681028A CN202111009462.6A CN202111009462A CN113681028A CN 113681028 A CN113681028 A CN 113681028A CN 202111009462 A CN202111009462 A CN 202111009462A CN 113681028 A CN113681028 A CN 113681028A
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aluminum alloy
laser
printing
magnetic field
static magnetic
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任忠鸣
陈超越
王江
王瑞
帅三三
胡涛
徐松哲
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device for additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy in a static magnetic field, and belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing. According to the invention, the aluminum alloy is prepared by adopting a 3D printing mode, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be further improved by optimizing parameters in the printing process; when the aluminum alloy is prepared, an external static magnetic field is applied to further improve the internal structure form of the alloy, refine the grain structure of the internal aluminum alloy, improve the proportion of medium axial crystals in the aluminum alloy, improve the compactness of the aluminum alloy, reduce residual stress and air holes, obtain higher mechanical property and reduce the cracking risk possibly brought by subsequent heat treatment; the aluminum alloy prepared by the 3D printing technology has the characteristics of light structure, high flexibility, high strength, high material utilization rate, short production period and the like, and the solidification structure in the aluminum alloy becomes finer after the static magnetic field is applied, so that the proportion of isometric crystals is greatly improved.

Description

Method and device for additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy in static magnetic field
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, in particular to a method and a device for additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy in a static magnetic field.
Background
The aluminum alloy is an important structural material and a light metal material which are widely applied in the current market, and the density of the aluminum alloy is lower and is 2.63-2.85 g/cm3The high-strength steel has good mechanical property and high specific strength, the specific strength of the high-strength steel is higher than that of steel, even is close to that of high-strength steel, and the high-strength steel has good casting property and machinability, good corrosion resistance and excellent electric and heat conduction properties, so that the high-strength steel has wide application and development potential in the aspects of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, military, power electronics, petrochemical industry and the like. It can be classified into wrought aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys according to its composition and production processing manner. The wrought aluminum alloy is divided into antirust aluminum alloy, forged aluminum alloy, hard aluminum alloy and super hard aluminum alloy, has good plasticity and processability, and can be made into various sectional materials. The cast aluminum alloy is mainly divided into Al-Si alloy, Al-Cu alloy and other cast aluminum alloys, and has good flow property. However, with conventional manufacturing methods, it is very difficult to produce complex structural components.
At present, the laser additive technology is used for producing aluminum alloy parts, so that the requirements of high precision, light structure, performance compounding and the like are met, and the aluminum alloy parts are better applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace and the like. The Al-Si of 4XXX has a narrow solidification temperature range, so that defects such as cracks are not easy to generate in the additive manufacturing process, and therefore the Al-Si has good forming performance, but the yield strength is 290 +/-20 MPa in the horizontal direction, 260 +/-10 MPa in the vertical direction, 8 +/-2% in the horizontal direction and 6 +/-2% in the vertical direction, and the Al-Si has lower strength and plasticity compared with other series of high-strength aluminum alloys. However, for high-strength aluminum alloys, defects such as thermal cracks are easily generated in the additive manufacturing process, and the application of the high-strength aluminum alloys is greatly limited. Rare earth elements such as Sc, Zr and the like are mostly added into aluminum alloy in the prior reports, primary nano particles are precipitated through a solidification process, and non-uniform nucleation is promoted, so that the proportion of equiaxial crystals is improved, and the equiaxial crystals have better stress strain adaptation and crack propagation resistance compared with columnar crystals, so that the aim of eliminating cracks is fulfilled. However, rare earth elements are expensive, which greatly increases the production cost.
Therefore, a preparation method of the aluminum alloy, which can change the solidification behavior of the aluminum alloy in the additive manufacturing process, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy with refined crystal grains, high equiaxial crystal occupation ratio, no defects such as cracks and the like, good compactness and excellent performance, is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy in a static magnetic field.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy in a static magnetic field, which comprises the following steps of 3D printing of pre-alloyed powder according to three-dimensional data of an aluminum alloy molded part to obtain aluminum alloy; the 3D printing is performed in a static magnetic field; the parameters of the 3D printing are as follows: the laser scanning speed is 800-1600 mm/s, the laser power is 270-370W, the scanning distance is 75-100 μm, the layer thickness is 20-40 μm, and the scanning strategy is a hexagonal strategy.
Preferably, the parameters of the 3D printing are: the laser scanning speed is 1000-1400 mm/s, the laser power is 300-350W, the scanning interval is 80-90 μm, the layer thickness is 25-35 μm, and the scanning strategy is a hexagonal strategy.
Preferably, the direction of the static magnetic field is parallel to the direction of 3D printing.
Preferably, the static magnetic field is a steady magnetic field, and the strength of the static magnetic field is 0.1-0.3T.
Preferably, the pre-alloy powder used in the 3D printing is spherical or approximately spherical aluminum alloy powder, and the particle size distribution range of the pre-alloy powder is 15-53 mu m.
Preferably, the 3D printing is performed in a protective atmosphere having an oxygen content of less than 500 ppm.
The invention provides a device for 3D printing of aluminum alloy in a static magnetic field, which is characterized in that a magnet device is arranged in the device, and the magnet device comprises a static magnet.
Preferably, the number of the static magnets is one.
Preferably, the apparatus for 3D printing aluminum alloy includes: the device comprises a substrate tool, an aluminum alloy substrate, a magnet device, a lifting table, a laser, a powder spreading device, a forming cavity, a water cooling system, a numerical control system and a gas circulation system;
the substrate tool, the aluminum alloy substrate, the magnet device, the lifting table and the powder spreading device are positioned in the forming cavity; the static magnet is arranged below the aluminum alloy substrate;
the advancing system of the numerical control system is positioned in the forming cavity, and the numerical control system controls the lifting platform, the powder spreading device and the path of laser emitted by the laser; the operating platform of the numerical control system is positioned outside the forming cavity;
the laser is positioned outside the forming chamber, and the laser passes through a lens on the forming chamber and is focused on a printing plane; the water cooling system is connected with the laser through a pipeline;
the gas circulation system is positioned outside the molding cavity and is connected with the molding cavity through a pipeline.
Preferably, the laser is CO2A gas laser, a YAG solid laser, a fiber laser, or a semiconductor laser.
The invention provides a method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy in a static magnetic field, which comprises the following steps of 3D printing of pre-alloyed powder according to three-dimensional data of an aluminum alloy molded part to obtain aluminum alloy; the 3D printing is performed in a static magnetic field; the parameters of the 3D printing are as follows: the laser scanning speed is 800-1600 mm/s, the laser power is 270-370W, the scanning distance is 75-100 μm, the layer thickness is 20-40 μm, and the scanning strategy is a hexagonal strategy. According to the invention, the aluminum alloy is prepared by adopting a 3D printing mode, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be further improved by optimizing parameters in the printing process; when the aluminum alloy is prepared, an external static magnetic field is applied to further improve the internal structure form of the alloy, refine the grain structure of the internal aluminum alloy, improve the proportion of medium axial crystals in the aluminum alloy, improve the compactness of the aluminum alloy, reduce residual stress and air holes, obtain higher mechanical property and reduce the cracking risk possibly brought by subsequent heat treatment; the aluminum alloy prepared by the 3D printing technology has the characteristics of light structure, high flexibility, high strength, high material utilization rate, short production period and the like, and the solidification structure in the aluminum alloy becomes finer after the static magnetic field is applied, so that the proportion of isometric crystals is greatly improved. The results of the examples show that the Al-12Si aluminum alloy prepared by the method has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 460MPa, the yield strength of more than or equal to 320MPa, the elongation of more than or equal to 8.0 percent, the tensile strength of Al-4.9Mn-1.52Mg-0.57Sc-0.52Zr alloy of more than or equal to 480MPa, the yield strength of more than or equal to 450MPa, the elongation of more than or equal to 22.0 percent and the content of equiaxed crystals of more than 60 percent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printing apparatus provided by the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is an aluminum alloy substrate, 2 is a magnet device, 3 is a substrate tool, 4 is a lifting table, 5 is a laser, 6 is a water cooling system, 7 is a numerical control system, 8 is a gas circulation system, 9 is a forming chamber, and 10 is a powder spreading device;
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of Al-12Si prealloyed powder used in examples 3 to 4 of the present invention and comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of Al-4.9Mn-1.52Mg-0.57Sc-0.52Zr prealloyed powder used in example 5 of the present invention and comparative example 2;
FIG. 4 is a CT view of an aluminum alloy formed part produced in comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of an aluminum alloy molded article prepared according to comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a CT view of an aluminum alloy formed part prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron microscope image of an aluminum alloy molded part prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a CT view of an aluminum alloy formed part produced in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a scanning electron microscope image of an aluminum alloy molded part prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a scanning electron micrograph of an aluminum alloy formed part prepared according to comparative example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a scanning electron microscope image of an aluminum alloy molded part prepared in example 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for 3D printing of aluminum alloy in a static magnetic field, which comprises the following steps of 3D printing of pre-alloyed powder according to three-dimensional data of an aluminum alloy molded part to obtain aluminum alloy; the 3D printing is performed in a static magnetic field; the parameters of the 3D printing are as follows: the laser scanning speed is 800-1600 mm/s, the laser power is 270-370W, the scanning distance is 75-100 μm, the layer thickness is 20-40 μm, and the scanning strategy is a hexagonal strategy.
In the present invention, the composition of the aluminum alloy is preferably Al-12Si or Al-4.9Mn-1.52Mg-0.57Sc-0.52 Zr.
The method for obtaining the three-dimensional data of the aluminum alloy formed part is not particularly limited, and the technical scheme familiar to the technical personnel in the field can be adopted. According to the method, preferably, three-dimensional modeling software is used for drawing the stl file of the aluminum alloy formed part, Magics software is used for drawing and supporting the formed part, subdivision software is used for performing two-dimensional segmentation on three-dimensional data of the aluminum alloy formed part according to the layer thickness, the three-dimensional data is converted into two-dimensional graphic data, and the two-dimensional graphic data is loaded into a 3D printing device.
In the present invention, the 3D printing is performed in a static magnetic field. In the present invention, the means for generating the static magnetic field is preferably a magnet means, and the magnet means preferably includes at least one static magnet. In the present invention, the static magnetic field is preferably a steady magnetic field, and the intensity of the static magnetic field is preferably 0.1 to 0.3T, and more preferably 0.2T. In the present invention, the direction of the static magnetic field is preferably parallel to the direction of 3D printing. The invention carries out 3D printing in a magnetic field, can further improve the internal structure of the alloy, refine crystal grains, reduce residual stress and air holes, obtain higher mechanical property and reduce the cracking risk possibly brought by subsequent heat treatment.
In the invention, the laser scanning speed of the 3D printing is 800-1600 mm/s, preferably 1000-1400 mm/s, more preferably 1100-1300 mm/s, and further preferably 1200 mm/s; the laser power of the 3D printing is 270-370W, preferably 300-350W, more preferably 310-340W, and further preferably 320-330W; the scanning interval of the 3D printing is 75-100 mu m, preferably 80-90 mu m, more preferably 82-88 mu m, and further preferably 85 mu m; the thickness of the 3D printing layer is 20-40 μm, preferably 25-35 μm, more preferably 28-33 μm, and further preferably 30 μm; the scanning strategy for 3D printing is a hexagonal strategy. The invention limits the 3D printing parameters in the range, and can further improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy.
In the present invention, the 3D printing is preferably performed in a protective atmosphere, preferably an inert atmosphere, more preferably argon; the oxygen content of the protective atmosphere is preferably less than 500ppm, more preferably less than 200 ppm. The invention can prevent the pre-alloy powder from being oxidized, spheroidized, unfused and other defects by performing 3D printing in a protective atmosphere.
In the present invention, the prealloyed powder used in the 3D printing is preferably a spherical or near-spherical aluminum alloy powder, more preferably a spherical aluminum alloy powder; the particle size distribution range of the pre-alloy powder is preferably 15-53 mu m, more preferably 20-50 mu m, and further preferably 25-45 mu m. The present invention can further densify the structure of the aluminum alloy by limiting the shape and particle size of the prealloyed powder within the above ranges.
In the present invention, the prealloyed powder is preferably dried prior to use. The specific source of the prealloyed powder is not particularly limited in this invention and may be any commercially available product known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the pre-alloyed powder is preferably printed on an aluminum alloy substrate. In the present invention, the aluminum alloy substrate is preferably a 7075 aluminum alloy substrate; the thickness of the aluminum alloy substrate is preferably 5-15 mm, and more preferably 10 mm. In the present invention, the aluminum alloy substrate is preferably subjected to a sand blast treatment before use. The invention can prevent the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate from being rough and influencing the printing quality by carrying out sand blasting treatment on the aluminum alloy substrate.
According to the invention, the aluminum alloy is prepared by adopting a 3D printing mode, and a static magnetic field is applied, so that a solidification structure in the aluminum alloy becomes finer, and the proportion of isometric crystals is greatly improved.
The invention also provides a device for 3D printing of the aluminum alloy under the static magnetic field, wherein a magnet device is arranged in the device and comprises a static magnet. In the present invention, the number of the static magnets is preferably one. In one embodiment of the present invention, the magnetostatic body is disposed below an aluminum alloy substrate. The magnet device is arranged below the aluminum alloy substrate, so that the magnet device can ensure that powder is not influenced during powder paving in the printing process, and the magnetic field effect on the pre-alloyed powder is the same in the printing process, thereby further improving the internal structure of the alloy, reducing the residual stress and improving the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus for 3D printing an aluminum alloy includes: the device comprises an aluminum alloy substrate 1, a magnet device 2, a substrate tool 3, a lifting table 4, a laser 5, a water cooling system 6, a numerical control system 7, a gas circulation system 8, a forming chamber 9 and a powder spreading device 10;
the aluminum alloy substrate 1, the magnet device 2, the substrate tool 3, the lifting platform 4 and the powder spreading device 10 are positioned in the forming chamber 9;
the advancing system of the numerical control system 7 is positioned in the forming chamber 9, and the numerical control system 7 controls the paths of the laser emitted by the lifting platform 4, the powder spreading device 10 and the laser 5; the operating platform of the numerical control system 7 is positioned outside the forming chamber 9;
the laser 5 is positioned outside the forming chamber 9, and the laser passes through a lens on the forming chamber 9 and is focused on a printing plane; the water cooling system 6 is connected with the laser 5 through a pipeline;
the gas circulation system 8 is located outside the forming chamber 9 and is connected with the forming chamber 9 through a pipeline.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum alloy substrate 1 and the substrate fixture 3 are fastened by 4 screws. According to the invention, the aluminum alloy substrate 1 and the substrate tool 3 can be combined more firmly through the mode.
In an embodiment of the invention, the magnet device 2 is located below the aluminum alloy substrate 1 and inside the substrate fixture 3, and the aluminum alloy substrate 1 and the substrate fixture 3 are connected and fastened through screws, so that the purpose of limiting the magnet device is achieved. The magnetic powder spreading device is installed in the mode, so that the magnetic powder spreading device can be prevented from being attracted to influence the printing quality and damage printing equipment.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the substrate fixture 3 is fixed to the lifting table 4 by a suction cup.
In one embodiment of the invention, the lift table 4 is connected to a numerical control system 7. The invention can control the lifting height according to the layer thickness of the pre-alloyed powder by connecting the lifting platform and the numerical control system.
In the present invention, the laser is preferably CO2A gas laser, a YAG solid laser, a fiber laser, or a semiconductor laser, and more preferably a fiber laser.
In the invention, the aluminum alloy substrate 1, the magnet device 2, the substrate tool 3, the lifting platform 4 and the powder spreading device 10 are positioned in a forming chamber; the advancing system of the numerical control system 7 is positioned in the forming cavity 9 and used for controlling the lifting table 4 and the powder spreading device 10, and the operating table of the numerical control system 7 is positioned outside the forming cavity 9; the powder spreading device 10 spreads powder on the aluminum alloy substrate 1 through moving back and forth, the laser 5 is used for generating laser beams and transmitting the laser beams to the lens through optical fibers, the laser beams are focused on the aluminum alloy substrate 1 through refraction of the lens to form a molten pool, meanwhile, pre-alloy powder can be melted, and the water cooling system 6 is connected into the laser 5 through a pipeline to ensure that the working temperature of the laser is normal; the magnet device 2 exerts a magnetic field parallel to the printing direction on the molten pool to influence the selective laser melting process of the aluminum alloy, and the gas circulation system 8 is positioned outside the forming cavity 9 and connected with the forming cavity 9 through a pipeline to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cavity is lower than 500 ppm.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The device for 3D printing of the aluminum alloy in the static magnetic field is characterized in that a magnet device is arranged in the device, and the magnet device is a static magnet.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the apparatus for 3D printing aluminum alloy of the present embodiment has the following structure: the device comprises an aluminum alloy substrate 1, a magnet device 2, a substrate tool 3, a lifting table 4, a laser 5, a water cooling system 6, a numerical control system 7, a gas circulation system 8, a forming chamber 9 and a powder spreading device 10;
the aluminum alloy substrate 1, the magnet device 2, the substrate tool 3, the lifting platform 4 and the powder spreading device 10 are positioned in the forming chamber 9;
the advancing system of the numerical control system 7 is positioned in the forming chamber 9, and the numerical control system 7 controls the paths of the laser emitted by the lifting platform 4, the powder spreading device 10 and the laser 5; the operating platform of the numerical control system 7 is positioned outside the forming chamber 9;
the laser 5 is positioned outside the forming chamber 9, and the laser passes through a lens on the forming chamber 9 and is focused on a printing plane; the water cooling system 6 is connected with the laser 5 through a pipeline;
the gas circulation system 8 is positioned outside the forming chamber 9 and is connected with the forming chamber 9 through a pipeline;
the aluminum alloy substrate 1 and the substrate tool 3 are fastened through 4 screws;
the magnet device 2 is positioned below the aluminum alloy substrate 1 and inside the substrate tool 3, the aluminum alloy substrate 1 and the magnet device 2 are fixed through screws, and then the alloy substrate 1 fixed with the magnet device 2 is fastened with the substrate tool 3;
the substrate tool 3 is fixed with the lifting table 4 through a sucker;
the lifting platform 4 is connected with a numerical control system 7.
Example 3
Preparation of aluminum alloy substrate: selecting 7075 aluminum alloy as an aluminum alloy substrate material, cutting the aluminum alloy substrate material into plates of 120mm multiplied by 120mm, carrying out sand blasting on the plates, and then cleaning the plates by using ethanol to obtain the aluminum alloy substrate with a smooth and clean surface.
Preparation of prealloyed powder: al-12Si alloy powder is used, and the alloy powder comprises the following atomic percent: 12% of Si, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, the particle size distribution of the alloy powder being in the range of 15 to 53 [ mu ] m, D5034.51 μm; and putting the prealloyed powder into a vacuum oven, and baking for 5 hours at 45 ℃ to obtain dry prealloyed powder.
The apparatus for 3D printing of aluminum alloy in example 2 was used, the laser selected in the apparatus was a 300W fiber laser, and the laser wavelength was 1070 nm.
The 3D printing method for the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the dried prealloyed powder into a powder bin;
(2) stl files of the aluminum alloy formed part are drawn by using three-dimensional modeling software, the position of the aluminum alloy formed part is set to be at the maximum magnetic field intensity of a magnet, the formed part is drawn and supported by using Magics software, three-dimensional stereo data of the aluminum alloy formed part is subjected to two-dimensional segmentation according to the layer thickness by using subdivision software, and the three-dimensional stereo data are converted into two-dimensional graphic data and loaded into a numerical control system of a 3D printing device;
(3) the magnet device is arranged inside the substrate tool and below the aluminum alloy substrate, the aluminum alloy substrate and the substrate tool are connected and fastened through screws, the magnet device is limited, and the strength of a static magnetic field is 0.2T;
(4) placing the fastened substrate tool, the magnet device and the aluminum alloy substrate on a right lifting table, and fixing the substrate tool, the magnet device and the aluminum alloy substrate on the lifting table through a sucker;
(5) closing the forming chamber, introducing argon into the chamber, reducing the oxygen content to be below 500ppm, starting a gas circulation system and a water cooling system, and preparing to start a selective laser melting process;
(6) the parameters for 3D printing are set as: the laser scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the laser power is 285W, the scanning interval is 100 mu m, the scanning layer thickness is 30 mu m, and the scanning strategy is a hexagonal strategy;
(7) opening the powder spreading device, enabling a lifting platform below the powder to rise by 90 microns, enabling a substrate tool below the aluminum alloy substrate to descend by 30 microns, pushing the powder to the position above the aluminum alloy substrate by the powder spreading device, returning the powder spreading device to the original position, and compacting the powder on the aluminum alloy substrate;
(8) turning on a laser, enabling the laser to travel according to a set scanning path, melting powder on the aluminum alloy substrate, forming a molten pool with a certain size on the aluminum alloy substrate, and connecting the aluminum alloy substrate with the first layer of powder to form a first layer of an aluminum alloy molded part;
(9) repeating the step (7), turning on a laser, and enabling the laser to travel according to a set scanning path to form a molten pool with a certain size, so that the second layer of powder is connected with the first layer of powder to form a second layer of the aluminum alloy formed part;
(10) and (5) repeating the step (9) until an aluminum alloy formed part is obtained.
Example 4
Example 3 the static magnetic field intensity in step (3) was changed to 0.1T, and the other conditions were the same as in example 3.
Example 5
Preparation of prealloyed powder: al-4.9Mn-1.52Mg-0.57Sc-0.52Zr alloy powder is used, and the atomic percentage of the alloy powder is as follows: 4.9% of Mn, 1.52% of Mg, 0.57% of Sc and 0.52% of Zr, the balance being Al and inevitable impurities, the particle size distribution range of the alloy powder being 15 to 53 [ mu ] m, D5037.699 μm; and putting the prealloyed powder into a vacuum oven, and baking for 5 hours at 45 ℃ to obtain dry prealloyed powder.
The scanning speed of the laser in the step (6) was changed to 1000mm/s and the scanning pitch was changed to 75 μm, and the other conditions were the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 1
The aluminum alloy molded article was 3D printed without applying a magnetic field, and the other conditions were the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 2
The aluminum alloy molded article was 3D printed without applying a magnetic field, and the other conditions were the same as in example 5.
The properties of the aluminum alloy molded articles prepared in examples 3 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 Properties of alloy molded articles prepared in examples 3 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2
Yield strength/MPa Tensile strength/MPa Elongation/percent
Example 3 352.6±1.5 474.4±1.8 9.7±0.3
Example 4 321.1±2.1 468.9±1.4 8.6±0.5
Example 5 452.7±1.1 482.1±0.6 23.1±0.6
Comparative example 1 312.5±1.7 462±1.2 6.1±0.2
Comparative example 2 418.6±0.8 457.6±1.3 19.5±0.4
According to the comparison of example 3, comparative example 1, example 5 and comparative example 2, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy are greatly improved after the static magnetic field is applied in the 3D printing process, wherein the yield strength is improved by more than 30MPa, the tensile strength is improved by more than 10MPa, and the elongation is improved by more than 3%, which shows that the static magnetic field can improve the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy.
It can be seen from the comparison between the example 3 and the example 4 that, within a certain range, the higher the magnetic field intensity is, the better the improvement effect on the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is.
The results of scanning electron micrographs of the prealloyed powders used in examples 3-5 and comparative examples 1-2 are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of the Al-12Si prealloyed powder used in examples 3-4 and comparative example 1, and FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of the Al-4.9Mn-1.52Mg-0.57Sc-0.52Zr prealloyed powder used in example 5 and comparative example 2. As can be seen from the figures 2 and 3, the pre-alloyed powder used in the invention is spherical or nearly spherical powder, and a small amount of satellite balls are arranged around the powder, so that the pre-alloyed powder has better fluidity, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy formed part prepared from the pre-alloyed powder can be further improved.
CT scanning was performed on the aluminum alloy molded article prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention, and the result is shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from fig. 4, the aluminum alloy formed article of comparative example 1 of the present invention was relatively dense with a small amount of voids.
Scanning electron microscope shooting was performed on the aluminum alloy molded part prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention, and the result is shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the aluminum alloy formed part prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention has a typical dendrite growth morphology, and the cellular dendrite spacing is statistically about 356.5 nm.
The aluminum alloy molded part prepared in example 3 of the present invention was subjected to CT scanning, and the result is shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from fig. 6, the aluminium alloy formed part produced in example 3 according to the invention has a higher density and a lower porosity than the aluminium alloy formed part produced in comparative example 1.
Scanning electron microscope shooting is carried out on the aluminum alloy molded part prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention, and the result is shown in FIG. 7. As can be seen from fig. 7, the aluminum alloy formed part prepared in example 3 of the present invention has a typical dendrite growth morphology, and the cellular dendrite spacing is counted to be about 299nm, which is significantly reduced in dendrite spacing and refined compared to the aluminum alloy formed part prepared in comparative example 1 without applying a magnetic field.
The aluminum alloy molded part prepared in example 4 of the present invention was subjected to CT scanning, and the result is shown in fig. 8. As can be seen from fig. 8, the density of the formed aluminum alloy part prepared in example 4 of the present invention is between that of example 1 and that of comparative example 1, and it can be seen that the density of the aluminum alloy part is relatively weak for improving the density of the aluminum alloy by the magnetic field strength of 0.1T relative to the magnetic field strength of 0.2T.
Scanning electron microscope shooting is carried out on the aluminum alloy molded part prepared in the embodiment 4 of the invention, and the result is shown in FIG. 9. As can be seen from fig. 9, the aluminum alloy formed part prepared in example 4 of the present invention has a typical dendrite growth morphology, and it is counted that the cellular dendrite spacing is about 320.1nm, which is decreased compared to the case where no magnetic field is applied in comparative example 1, and the grain is refined, which is increased compared to the case where a 0.2T magnetic field is applied in example 1, indicating that the 0.2T magnetic field strength is more favorable for refining the grain.
Scanning electron microscope shooting is carried out on the aluminum alloy formed part prepared in the comparative example 2 of the invention, the result is shown in FIG. 10, and the isometric crystal occupation ratio of the aluminum alloy formed part prepared in the comparative example 2 is 55.7% through Image-J statistics.
Scanning electron microscope shooting is carried out on the aluminum alloy formed part prepared in the embodiment 5 of the invention, and the result is shown in fig. 11, Image-J statistics shows that the isometric crystal proportion of the aluminum alloy formed part prepared in the embodiment 5 is 60.6%, which shows that thermoelectric magnetic force generated by a magnetic field has an interruption effect on columnar crystals, thereby promoting CET transformation, improving the isometric crystal proportion and improving the mechanical property.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A3D printing method of aluminum alloy under a static magnetic field is characterized in that 3D printing is carried out on pre-alloyed powder according to three-dimensional data of an aluminum alloy formed part to obtain aluminum alloy; the 3D printing is performed in a static magnetic field; the parameters of the 3D printing are as follows: the laser scanning speed is 800-1600 mm/s, the laser power is 270-370W, the scanning distance is 75-100 μm, the layer thickness is 20-40 μm, and the scanning strategy is a hexagonal strategy.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the 3D printing are: the laser scanning speed is 1000-1400 mm/s, the laser power is 300-350W, the scanning interval is 80-90 μm, the layer thickness is 25-35 μm, and the scanning strategy is a hexagonal strategy.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the direction of the static magnetic field is parallel to the direction of 3D printing.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the static magnetic field is a steady magnetic field, and the static magnetic field has a strength of 0.1 to 0.3T.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pre-alloyed powder used in the 3D printing is a spherical or near-spherical aluminum alloy powder, and the pre-alloyed powder has a particle size distribution ranging from 15 to 53 μm.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the 3D printing is performed in a protective atmosphere having an oxygen content of less than 500 ppm.
7. The device for 3D printing of the aluminum alloy in the static magnetic field is characterized in that a magnet device is arranged in the device, and the magnet device comprises a static magnet.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the number of the static magnets is one.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, comprising: the device comprises a substrate tool, an aluminum alloy substrate, a magnet device, a lifting table, a laser, a powder spreading device, a forming cavity, a water cooling system, a numerical control system and a gas circulation system;
the substrate tool, the aluminum alloy substrate, the magnet device, the lifting table and the powder spreading device are positioned in the forming cavity; the static magnet is arranged below the aluminum alloy substrate;
the advancing system of the numerical control system is positioned in the forming cavity, and the numerical control system controls the lifting platform, the powder spreading device and the path of laser emitted by the laser; the operating platform of the numerical control system is positioned outside the forming cavity;
the laser is positioned outside the forming chamber, and the laser passes through a lens on the forming chamber and is focused on a printing plane; the water cooling system is connected with the laser through a pipeline;
the gas circulation system is positioned outside the molding cavity and is connected with the molding cavity through a pipeline.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the laser is CO2A gas laser, a YAG solid laser, a fiber laser, or a semiconductor laser.
CN202111009462.6A 2021-08-31 2021-08-31 Method and device for additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy in static magnetic field Pending CN113681028A (en)

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