CN103111728B - Separate type constrained arc welding method - Google Patents
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- CN103111728B CN103111728B CN201310045503.6A CN201310045503A CN103111728B CN 103111728 B CN103111728 B CN 103111728B CN 201310045503 A CN201310045503 A CN 201310045503A CN 103111728 B CN103111728 B CN 103111728B
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of separate type constrained arc welding method, and it changes welding current loop by welding control system, original overall constrained arc is separated into: energetic plasma fluerics and arc current conductive channel district two parts.The former completes and inputs the heat of mother metal, enters molten bath to the molten drop that transmission and the pressure wire melting of molten bath active force are formed; The latter realizes effectively reducing while filler wire efficiently inputting the heat of mother metal by arc spot heat.Can realize by regulating inert gas flow, size of current parameter two-partly freely controlling this, and then realize the good control of heat transfer in welding process, power transmission, mass transfer.This welding method effectively reduces the heat input of mother metal, improves the melting efficiency of welding wire, greatly reduces the thermal deformation of mother metal, improve speed of welding simultaneously, reduce the width of heat affected area; Meanwhile, this welding method, under single equipment, single arcing conditions, achieves the unification of high speed, efficient welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Split type electric arc welding procedure, especially a kind of non-melt pole constrained arc welding method, belongs to welding method field.
Background technology
Within 1801, enlightening prestige has found arcing events, opens the ground zero of solder bond technology in modern age.There has been proposed in the middle of the 19th century and utilize arc-melting metal and the thought of carrying out material connection, after this really occurred the arc-welding method reaching usage degree.Until SMAW has been invented by Swede in 1907, establish the basis of solder technology.Solder technology was towards newcooperative medical system, diversified future development afterwards.
As mentioned above, solder bond technology is that people are through repeatedly exploring for many years, update and setting up.Till now, the combination technology very high as reliability and accepted in the middle of also extensive use and actual production by society, such as from macrostructures such as high building, bridge, boats and ships, aircraft, automobiles, to the small-scale structure such as electric mechanical, Electronic Packaging, solder technology is all indispensable, and it has become the important component part of modern manufacturing industry.
Nowadays, in multiple multi-form metal connects, arc welding has connect and has been widely used in producing various high-quality connection.This is because in many application, arc welding has been proved to be comparatively economic metal connected mode.The development of each technical field of society proposes the aspects such as the application of higher, that upgrade requirement, particularly some high-performance, macrostructure and made of new structural material to welding procedure, traditional welding procedure can not meet its application demand far away.Along with the development of science and technology, solder bond technology is also constantly weeded out the old and bring forth the new.
Argon tungsten-arc welding (TIG) this welding method, owing to can realize the welding of better quality, is therefore widely used, and it has the following advantages:
(1) argon gas can effectively completely cut off surrounding air itself and is insoluble to metal again, discord metal reaction; In argon tungsten-arc welding process, electric arc also has the effect of automatically removing surface of the work oxide-film.Therefore, oxidizable, nitrogenize, non-ferrous metal, stainless steel and various alloy that chemical activity is strong can successfully be welded.
(2) even if tungsten electrode arc stablizes still Absorbable organic halogens burning under very little welding current (<10A), be specially adapted to thin plate, ultra thin plate material welds.
Except above-mentioned said advantage, himself also has a lot of deficiency
1) fusion penetration is shallow, and deposition rate is little, and productivity ratio is lower, is only applicable to the welding compared with thin plate.
2) ability of tungsten electrode loaded current is poor, and excessive electric current can cause tungsten electrode to melt and evaporation, and its particulate likely enters molten bath, and slag becomes to pollute (tungsten inclusion).
Along with modern industry is towards maximization future development, the welded application of cut deal, ultra-thick plate is further extensive, and argon tungsten-arc welding (TIG) can not meet the demand of this type of welding.For in the manufacture of the large thick-walled metal infrastructure product such as naval vessels, pressure vessel, boiler, rail and the operation of heavy construction build on-site, traditional automatic soldering method of a large amount of heavy-plate joint generally adopts large groove multilayer multiple tracks MAG/MIG to weld or submerged-arc welding, along with the continuous increase of Welding Structure thickness, these methods have shown larger limitation and unworthiness.The most outstanding performance is exactly be multiplied because the sharply increasing of slab groove area result in welding job amount, and production efficiency is low, and consume wlding many, welding cost is high.And heat input is large, heat affected area is wide, coarse grains, and welding joint mechanical property is low, the weld defect such as easily to crack.In addition, use in now industry and manufacturing industry and promote the use of gradually mostly be special material or high strength steel, HSLA STEEL TO WELD and cold crack are very responsive, and the mechanical property requirements of Welded Joints is high.This poses welding and must carry out this requirement under lower heat input, but this reduces production efficiency.
Within 1963, your (Battelle) research institute of U.S. Bart develops a kind of narrow gap welding method for above-mentioned contradiction.But this technology also also exists self: need that the splashing in special protection gas jets, welding process can stick on sidewall and nozzle, electric arc concentrates and act on bottom groove, easily produce the technical barrier that sidewall incomplete fusion etc. is many.Therefore, its application also has certain limitation.
In addition, the welding of these three kinds of high-energy-density thermals source of plasma arc, laser and electron beam, owing to can meet new special process requirement, develops rapidly so obtain in welding field and applies.Emerging in large numbers of " high energy beam welding " technology just supplements and has developed the vacancy of original conventional soldering techniques.Occur in welding process that aperture is the prominent features of high-energy-density welding technique, considerably increase the fusion penetration in once welding.Wherein perforate PLASMA ARC WELDING (Keyholeplasmaarcwelding, K-PAW) because its potential advantage, be widely used in welded structural steel, automobile, aircraft, rocket, space ship and space welding etc., become one of 21 century most with prospects and the most effective process technology.
Compared with argon tungsten arc welding GTAW, the cross section in the electric arc arc column district of K-PAW is subject to nozzle bore compression, the larger (109-1011W/mm of gas flow rate higher (300-2000m/s) and hot input density
2), the temperature of electric arc also improves greatly, the stability of plasma arc and straightness are had larger improvement.
Compare with Laser Welding (LBW) and electron beam welding (EBW): although plasma arc energy density is low, orifice size is comparatively large, and effluxvelocity is large, plasma jet power is strong, and process costs is low, and joint matching requirements are low; Laser Welding and electron beam welding welding equipment costliness, require too high to the welding surroundings of outside, equipment operating cost is higher, and beam diameter is little, and butt joint matching requirements are strict especially; So just limit application in the industry.
Even if it is large that plasma arc is welded with energy density, welding penetration is large, welding efficiency height waits many advantages, but its speed of welding is limited, in larger working strength situation, also welding demand cannot be met, so at this moment just someone proposes, multi-electrode arc welding, the advantage of multi-electrode arc-welding is: each electrode interacts, while can mother metal being melted, carry out filler wire at a high speed, improve wire feed rate, thus speed of welding is increased substantially, but, because multiple electrode acts on simultaneously, welding circuit is more, exist mutually collaborative between them, the effect of intercoupling, the control of its welding process is comparatively complicated, working space in addition shared by it is also larger, cause many wastings of resources, the limitation that many factors causes it to promote the use of.
Therefore, how to realize when high energy constrained arc height penetration welds, reach the effect of multi-electrode high-speed welding simultaneously, realize the economy of solder technology, at a high speed, high-quality, efficient perfect adaptation is the key point of problem, also be for many years, many solder technology personnel tackle key problems research focus.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the above-mentioned defect and the deficiency that overcome existing welding method, provide a kind of separate type constrained arc welding method.The method operation is simple and easy, multiple welding surroundings can be adapted to, achieve at the single source of welding current, when single electric arc, have both constrained arc welding to weld with multi-electrode both advantage, realize efficient, high-speed welding, even welding efficiency and utilization rate of electrical will far above multi-electrode arc welding procedures, simultaneously, the method effectively reduces and inputs the heat of mother metal, reduce the thermal deformation of mother metal in welding process, effectively reduce the splashing produced in welding process, and substantially increase the melting efficiency of welding wire, namely the silk filling efficiency of butt welded seam in welding process is improved, therefore have effectively achieved the heat transfer in welding process, power transmission, freely controlling of mass transfer.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme.
Separate type constrained arc welding method, is characterized in that: by the welding gun that can produce constrained arc, produces a branch of constrained arc being different from free electric arc, welding gun and wire feeder are placed in the same side of welded piece, wire feeder is placed in welding gun side, welding gun, welded piece is connected with the source of welding current and control system with wire feeder, by the original electric current being flow to welded piece by welding gun, change to and flow to welding wire by welding gun, current direction is deflected, so original overall constrained arc is separated into: energetic plasma fluerics and these two parts of arc current conductive channel district, wherein plasma jet district directly acts on welded piece, realize inputting the heat of workpiece, molten bath is entered to the molten drop that transmission and the pressure wire melting of molten bath active force are formed, arc current conductive channel district then acts on welding wire, realize the melting to welding wire.
Described welding gun is the non-melt pole welding gun that can produce constrained arc.
The source of welding current is got back to through welding gun to workpiece by the source of welding current; Get back to the source of welding current through welding gun to welding wire by the source of welding current, these two independently welding current loops, and can be realized it by welding control system and open and control with the interlocking turned off.
In welding process, plasma jet district can be realized to the heat input of welded piece and the control to molten bath amount of force by regulating the flow of inert gas; By the adjustment regulating the size of electric current can realize wire feed rate.
The adjustment of welding current and these two parameters of inert gas flow is relatively independent.
Operation principle of the present invention is as described below: it is two parts being separated into by a branch of constrained arc to regulate and control respectively that this kind of welding method is different from the most outstanding feature of conventional arc welding method, these two parts can realize the different function in welding process simultaneously, and traditional electric arc is entirety acts directly on welded part, in welding process, parameter regulates more complicated, energy distribution is uneven, and utilization rate of electrical is relatively low.Welding gun is placed in correct position place directly over welded piece, and be linked into a pole of the source of welding current and control system, wire feeder is placed in the side position of welding gun and receives an other pole of the source of welding current with workpiece simultaneously, so just has: the source of welding current---welding gun---workpiece---source of welding current; The source of welding current---welding gun---welding wire---source of welding current, two independently loops, and also these two loops are all by the action control of welding control system to one group of controlled linked switch, realize their closed interlockings with disconnecting and control.First, the source of welding current---connect by welding gun---workpiece---source of welding current loop, primary Ioops disconnects in addition, first such constrained arc can be formed between welding gun and workpiece, after arc stability, the on-state in these two loops is switched by the control section of welding system, the i.e. source of welding current---connect by this primary Ioops of welding gun---welding wire---source of welding current, primary Ioops is in off-state in addition, arc current conductive channel district between welding gun original like this and welded piece just transfers between welding gun and wire feeder, and plasma jet district still acts on above welded piece, formed and the heat of welded piece is inputted, to the transmission of molten bath active force and and the molten drop of forcing wire melting to be formed enter molten bath, compare so originally just to reduce and the heat of welded piece is inputted, significantly reduce the thermal deformation of welded workpiece, and by regulating the flow of inert gas can realize the control of this region to the size of the heat input of workpiece and the effect in molten bath.Be formed at the arc current conductive channel district between welding gun and wire feeder in addition, can be heated welding wire by the Spotted Fever of electric arc, the melting rate of welding wire is made greatly to improve like this, wire feed rate can be regulated arbitrarily according to the needs of welding process, thus realize mass transfer in welding process and effectively control.
The advantage of the inventive method is as follows:
Welding method of the present invention, passing through welding control system, realize freely switching to welding current loop, thus the constrained arc of original overall coupling above welded piece is separated, form independent action and regulatable two parts.So just achieve the heat transfer in welding process, mass transfer, power transmission, the independent regulating and control of three large welding influence factors.Constrained arc is separated into: energetic plasma fluerics and these two parts of arc current conductive channel district.Wherein plasma jet district directly acts on welded piece, complete and the heat of workpiece is inputted, molten bath is entered to the transmission of molten bath active force and the molten drop of forcing wire melting to be formed, thus form stable welding pool, and arc current conductive channel district, then act on welding wire, realized the fusing of welding wire by Spotted Fever.And original whole constrained arc acts on the situation of welded piece, because the high-energy fluid in plasma jet district and the Spotted Fever in arc current conductive channel district are all directly loaded into welded piece, make the heat input of welded piece too much, larger welding deformation is produced after causing welding, simultaneously in welding process, the fusing of welding wire is just realized by the radiant heat in the arc column district in the middle of electric arc, and melting rate is lower, sometimes can not meet the wire feed demand in welding process; And the method relative to above-mentioned situation comparatively speaking, both effectively reduced and the heat of welded piece had been inputted, reduce the thermal deformation of welded workpiece, effectively reduce heat affected area, too increase the burn-off rate to welding wire simultaneously, realize wire feed rate to regulate arbitrarily, improve speed of welding, effectively reduce the width of heat affected area.The advantage that another one of the present invention is comparatively given prominence to is exactly, at single electric arc, the effect of multiple welding power supply multi-electrode high-speed welding is achieved when the single source of welding current, because existing equipment is in order in order to coordinate high-speed welding, wire feed rate must be improved, then to purchase separately the source of welding current, complete separately the fusing of welding wire, so just cause the wasting of resources that utilization rate of electrical is lower and more.So, welding method of the present invention is a kind of unprecedented innovation welding method, had both the large fusion penetration efficient welding of constrained arc simultaneously and taken into account the advantage of multi-electrode high-speed welding, the method is applicable to the welding of different-thickness workpiece, achieves making full use of existing equipment and resource, save cost, improve welding efficiency, achieve equipment simple, operate simple and easy, use economic combination, and it can adapt to multiple welding surroundings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of this welding method implementation method
Fig. 2 is that this welding method is with the device schematic diagram of a detailed description of the invention of separate type plasma arc welding (PAW) welding work pieces
In figure: 1, the source of welding current and control system thereof, 2, constrained arc welding gun, 3, wire feeder, 4, welded piece, 5, constrained arc, 6, energetic plasma fluerics, 7, arc current conductive channel district, 8, welding wire, 9, welding cable A, 10, welding cable B, 11, welding cable C, 12, switch A, 13, switch B, 14, controlled linked switch, 15, plasma gun.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the present invention are specifically described below with reference to accompanying drawing.In accompanying drawing, welded piece is all to dock non-penetrating vertical position welding, but this is illustrative, and does not refer to its limitation.Only illustrate the connected mode of this welding method about the aspect, loop of welding circuit in accompanying drawing, the necessary gas circuit of welding gun and water route connection are all use conventional connection, so be no longer described.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, the step of this welding method is described in detail:
(1) welded piece is ready;
This welding method due to be utilize have higher-energy plasma jet district realize welding, so weld comparatively slab time, welded piece will be opened and get certain groove, but require not strict.
(2) welding gun is placed in correct position place directly over workpiece;
Require that welding gun is perpendicular to welded piece surface, and suitably regulate the parameter of welding gun according to welding thickness of slab, to adapt to welding requirements.
(3) welding gun, workpiece and wire feeder are all connected in the middle of the corresponding loop formed to the source of welding current and control system;
Welding gun accesses separately a pole of power supply, and workpiece and wire feeder are linked into an other pole of power supply simultaneously, is formed: the source of welding current---welding gun---workpiece---source of welding current; The source of welding current---welding gun---welding wire---source of welding current, the welding circuit that two independence is controlled.This source of welding current demand fulfillment can produce the power parameter needed for constrained arc, and control system, by controlled linked switch, can realize the mutual lock control of its connecting and disconnecting corresponding to above two welding current loops, realize connection and the shutoff in two loops.
(4) welding gun is first in the welded piece surface starting the arc;
By welding control system, make the source of welding current---welding gun---workpiece---source of welding current, this primary Ioops is connected; And the source of welding current---this primary Ioops of welding gun---welding wire---source of welding current disconnect, like this understand between welding gun and welded piece surface, forming a stable constrained arc.
(5) constrained arc is separated into two parts, welds;
After the constrained arc between welding gun and welded piece surface is stable, by welding control system, switch welding circuit, make the source of welding current---this primary Ioops of welding gun---welding wire---source of welding current connection; And the source of welding current---welding gun---workpiece---source of welding current, this primary Ioops disconnects, such arc current conductive channel district be directed to be placed in welding gun side welding wire above, such constrained arc is just separated into two parts, wherein plasma jet district directly acts on welded piece, and forms welding pool, simultaneously the Spotted Fever filler wire in arc current conductive channel district, realize wire feed requirement, ensure that the stable of welding process carries out smoothly.
(6) parameter of the source of welding current is adjusted in real time, to meet the welding process requirement in welding process;
Because separate type constrained arc is separated into: plasma jet district and these two parts of constrained arc current conduction channel region, and regulate the heat input of plasma jet district to welded piece and the action effect of molten bath active force by regulating the flow of inert gas to realize; Regulate welding current that Spotted Fever just can be regulated the melting rate of welding wire, so, just can to realize in welding process wire feed rate, the input of workpiece heat by regulating above two parameters, to multiple factors of influence such as the effects of the power in molten bath, achieve the flexible control of the heat transfer in welding process, power transmission, mass transfer.
The present invention proposes a kind of separate type constrained arc to weld this and new connect method, when the single source of welding current and system, single welding arc, both take into account the high-energy of constrained arc, high efficiency action effect, take into account again the high-speed welding effect of multi-electrode welding, holding concurrently, it is excellent, gets rid of its fraud.
In addition, the present invention still has the details of other advanced persons, but the present invention described in accompanying drawing explanation just have selected a kind of proper demonstration angle to be described.Perhaps on other avatar of the present invention, have a little details need make an amendment, but core innovative idea of the present invention can not be affected.Therefore, following drawing and aforesaid explanation, all just illustrate the essence of this welding method, and do not have circumscribed.
The detailed description of the invention of this welding method is described with this constrained arc of plasma arc below.Illustrate at this, plasma arc welding (PAW) is a kind of constrained arc welding widely of current Application comparison, has concentration of energy, the features such as current density is large, the relatively free electric arc of welding efficiency is high a lot, therefore as example, separate type constrained arc welding method is described, but its restricted property is not described.
As shown in Figure 2, welded piece flat board 4 is vertically placed, plasma gun 15 is perpendicular to welded piece flat board 4, wire feeder 3 be placed in plasma gun 15 directly over, welding wire 8 is pressed close at plasma gun 15 correct position place, wherein plasma gun 15 is linked into separately a pole of the source of welding current 1, an other pole of power supply 1 received by wire feeder 3 and welded piece flat board 4 simultaneously, be connected to one group of controlled linked switch 14 in welding cable 10 and in welding cable 11, by the on off state of gauge tap 12 and 13, realize the closed of two welding circuits and disconnect, first, by the instruction of welding control system 1, controlled linked switch 14 is allowed to carry out action, while making switch 13 closed, cut-off switch 12, like this, plasma gun 15---the welded piece flat board 4---source of welding current and control system 1 form welding circuit, so produce plasma-arc 5 between plasma gun 15 and welded piece flat board 4, after plasma-arc 5 is stable, in like manner pass through the control instruction of the source of welding current and control system 1 thereof, while switch 13 is disconnected, close switch 12, such plasma-arc current conduction channel region 7, just by original welded piece flat board 4, transfer to above welding wire 8, and there is high-energy, the plasma jet district 6 of high flow rate still acts on above welded piece flat board 4, realize the heat input of welded piece and the transmission of molten bath active force and force the molten drop of wire melting formation to enter molten bath, form stable molten bath, arc current conductive channel district 7 is then by Spotted Fever filler wire efficiently, wire feed rate is improved greatly, wire feed rate can be regulated arbitrarily, so just achieve separate type PLASMA ARC WELDING.
Claims (5)
1. separate type constrained arc welding method, is characterized in that: by the welding gun that can produce constrained arc, produces a branch of constrained arc being different from free electric arc, welding gun and wire feeder are placed in the same side of welded piece, wire feeder is placed in welding gun side, welding gun, welded piece is connected with the source of welding current and control system with wire feeder, by the original electric current being flow to welded piece by welding gun, change to and flow to welding wire by welding gun, current direction is deflected, so original overall constrained arc is separated into: energetic plasma fluerics and these two parts of arc current conductive channel district, wherein energetic plasma fluerics directly acts on welded piece, realize inputting the heat of welded piece, molten bath is entered to the molten drop that transmission and the pressure wire melting of molten bath active force are formed, arc current conductive channel district then acts on welding wire, realize the melting to welding wire.
2. separate type constrained arc welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described welding gun is the non-melt pole welding gun that can produce constrained arc.
3. separate type constrained arc welding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: exist and get back to the source of welding current through welding gun to welded piece by the source of welding current and get back to the source of welding current through welding gun to welding wire by the source of welding current, these two independently welding current loops, and two independently welding current loop can realize it by control system and open and control with the interlocking turned off.
4. separate type constrained arc welding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in welding process, can realize plasma jet district to the heat input of welded piece and the control to molten bath amount of force by regulating the flow of inert gas; By the adjustment regulating the size of electric current can realize wire feed rate.
5. separate type constrained arc welding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the adjustment of welding current and these two parameters of inert gas flow is relatively independent.
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| CN103600177B (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2016-06-22 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of single supply VPPA-GTAW bifurcation piercing by electric arc welding method |
| CN105382390A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-09 | 兰州理工大学 | Micro-plasma coupling electric arc welding method |
| CN109954958A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-02 | 兰州理工大学 | A kind of titanium alloy increasing material manufacturing device and method based on TIG electric arc |
| CN114523180A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-05-24 | 青岛海纳等离子科技有限公司 | Method for quickly cladding wear-resistant coating |
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| CN1039202A (en) * | 1988-05-12 | 1990-01-31 | 国家机械工业委员会哈尔滨焊接研究所 | Single-power plasma welding method with molten electrode protected by gas |
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Application publication date: 20130522 Assignee: Beijing Beigong University Science Park Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Beijing University of Technology Contract record no.: X2024980001854 Denomination of invention: Separate constrained arc welding method Granted publication date: 20151209 License type: Common License Record date: 20240201 |