CN113350475A - 一种辛温解表感冒组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种辛温解表感冒组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113350475A
CN113350475A CN202110666966.9A CN202110666966A CN113350475A CN 113350475 A CN113350475 A CN 113350475A CN 202110666966 A CN202110666966 A CN 202110666966A CN 113350475 A CN113350475 A CN 113350475A
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王晓兵
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种辛温解表感冒组合物及其制备方法，所述冲剂由以下重量份的原料药制成：荆芥8、葱白8、黄岑8、防风8、生姜8、紫苏叶8、白芷8、豆豉13、半夏8、桔梗8、连翘14、炙甘草9、柴胡8、细辛2、厚朴8、薄荷8、白术7、青蒿20。本发明辛温解表，散寒除湿，用于外感风寒所致的恶寒发热、咳嗽痰多、嗓子疼痛、无汗或汗出不畅、头痛且重、肢体酸痛、舌苔薄白等风寒潮症。本发明安全、有效、价格低廉、使用方便，推广应用后可望取得较好的经济、社会效益。

Description

一种辛温解表感冒组合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域，尤其涉及一种辛温解表感冒组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
据中国非处方药协会的统计显示，目前在中国常见病症的自我诊疗比例中最高的是感冒，占常见病症的89.6％，高出第二位30个百分点。这使得众多的感冒药目标消费者不再去医院治疗感冒，而是去药店自行买药。城镇居民在非处方药的消费上，感冒药占到85%，远远超过排名第二的消炎药55%的比例，这种现象在全球普遍存在。用于治疗感冒的药物有许多种，由于中成药具有副作用小、疗效好的特点，故很受人们青睐。中国许多家庭都备有治疗感冒的中成药，但实践证明，有的人患感冒后吃了不少药，但病症并没减轻，关键在于没有辨证用药。不同类型的感冒病因病机、症状、治疗原则及用药差别很大。中医将感冒分为风寒型感冒、风热型感冒、暑湿型感冒和时行感冒(流行性感冒)四种类型。根据辨证施治的原则，不同类型的感冒应选用不同的中成药治疗。风寒感冒是风寒之邪外袭、肺气失宣所致。症状可见：恶寒重、发热轻、无汗、头痛身痛、鼻塞流清涕、咳嗽吐稀白痰、口不渴或渴喜热饮、苔薄白。目前，国内感冒药市场以主治风热感冒及流行性感冒为主，治疗风寒感冒的中药制剂相对较少。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种辛温解表感冒组合物及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种辛温解表感冒组合物，所述冲剂由以下重量份的原料药制成：
荆芥3-10、葱白3-10、黄岑3-10、防风3-10、生姜3-10、紫苏叶3-10、白芷3-10、豆豉10-15、半夏5-10、桔梗3-10、连翘6-15、炙甘草6-10、柴胡3-10、细辛1-3、厚朴3-10、薄荷2-10、白术3-9、青蒿18-22。
所述冲剂由以下重量份的原料药制成：
荆芥8、葱白8、黄岑8、防风8、生姜8、紫苏叶8、白芷8、豆豉13、半夏8、桔梗8、连翘14、炙甘草9、柴胡8、细辛2、厚朴8、薄荷8、白术7、青蒿20。
一种辛温解表感冒组合物的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)将厚朴、紫苏叶、白芷、黄岑、防风、半夏、柴胡、细辛混合加入60%乙醇，加热回流提取二次，第一次加6倍(w:v)乙醇，提取1.5小时;第二次加5倍(w:v)乙醇,提取1.0小时,合并药液，滤过，备用;
(2)将白术、薄荷混合加入12倍(w:v)水，蒸馏5小时，收集挥发油;蒸馏后的水溶液滤过，药渣再加8倍量水，煎煮1小时，滤过，合并二次滤液，浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.15/60℃的清膏;
(3)取羟丙基倍他环糊精和水，加热溶解，放置至室温，缓慢滴加步骤(2)中得到的挥发油.35℃搅拌包合，得到挥发油包合物，备用，其中，所述羟丙基倍他环糊精与挥发油的投料量的重量体积比为(10~14)g:1ml，所述挥发油与水的体积比为1:(15~25);
(4)将荆芥、葱白、生姜、豆豉、桔梗、连翘、青蒿、炙甘草混合加水，煎煮二次，第一次加10倍 （w:v）水，前煮2.0小时:第二次加8倍（w：v）水，煎煮1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.15/60℃的清膏；
(5)再步骤(4)中的清膏中加乙醇使含醇量达65%，搅匀，静置24小时，滤过，药液备用:
(6)将步骤(5)中得到的药液与步骤(1)中得到的药液合并，回收乙醇,加600~700ml水溶解，滤过，滤液备用;
(7)将步骤(6)中得到的滤液加入步骤(3)中得到的挥发油包合物，再加入蜂蜜甜味剂，混匀，加水至1000ml，用10%氢氧化钠溶液调pH值至65，静置，滤过，灌装，得到中药组合物。
本发明选取的原料中药材中，药效和药理作用分别是：
荆芥味辛、微苦、性微温；入肺、肝经。功效主治：祛风、解表、透疹、止血。主感冒发热、头痛、目痒、咳嗽、咽喉肿痛、麻疹、痈肿、疮疥、衄血、吐血、便血、崩漏、产后血晕。荆芥有强烈香气，主要以鲜嫩的茎叶供作蔬菜食用。
葱白归肺、胃经。发汗解表，散寒通阳。用于外感风寒，阴寒内盛，格阳于外，脉微，厥逆，腹泻，外敷治疗疮痈疔毒。
黄岑，味苦、性寒，有清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血、安胎等功效。主治温热病、上呼吸道感染、肺热咳嗽、湿热黄胆、肺炎、痢疾、咳血、目赤、胎动不安、高血压、痈肿疖疮等症。
防风味辛、甘，性微温；归膀胱、肺、脾、肝经。有祛风解表，胜湿止痛，止痉的功效；主治：用于外感表证，风疹瘙痒，风湿痹痛，破伤风正，脾虚湿盛。
生姜味辛，性微温；归肺、脾、胃经。功效：解表散寒，温中止呕，温肺止咳，解毒；主治：风寒感冒，脾胃寒症，胃寒呕吐，肺寒咳嗽，解鱼蟹毒。
紫苏叶味辛，微温，无毒；归脾、肺经。芳香升散，具有散寒解表，宣肺止咳，理气和中，安胎，解毒的功效；主治外感风寒，恶寒发热，头痛无汗，咳嗽气喘，脘腹胀闷，呕恶腹泻，咽中梗阻，妊娠恶阻，胎动不安，食鱼蟹中毒，痈疮蛇毒辣。紫苏叶营养成分为苏子，有镇咳平喘、社痰的功能。
白芷解表散寒，祛风止痛，通鼻窍，燥湿止带，消肿排脓，祛风止痒。主治风寒感冒，头痛、牙痛、风湿痹痛，鼻渊，带下证，疮痈肿毒。
豆豉性平，味咸，归肺、胃经。具有和胃，除烦，解腥毒，去寒热的功效。
半夏归脾、胃、肺经。燥湿化痰，降逆止呕，消痞散结。用于湿痰寒痰，咳喘痰多，痰饮眩悸，风痰眩晕，痰厥头痛，呕吐反胃，胸脘痞闷，梅核气；外治痈肿痰核。
桔梗宣肺，利咽，祛痰，排脓。用于咳嗽痰多，胸闷不畅，咽痛，音哑，肺痈吐脓，疮疡脓成不溃。
连翘，清热，解毒，散结，消肿。治温热，丹毒，斑疹，痈疡肿毒，瘰疬，小便淋闭。
炙甘草滋阴养血，益气通阳，复脉定悸。
柴胡是常用解表药。别名地熏、山菜、菇草、柴草，性味苦、微寒，归肝、胆经。有和解表里，疏肝升阳之功效。用于感冒发热、寒热往来、疟疾、肝郁气滞、胸肋胀痛、脱肛、子宫脱垂、月经不调。
细辛有祛风，散寒，行水，开窍等功效。常用于风冷头痛，鼻渊，齿痛，痰饮咳逆，风湿痹痛等。细辛既能外散风寒，又能内祛阴寒，同时止痛、镇咳功效较佳。
厚朴归脾、胃、肺、大肠经。燥湿消痰，下气除满。用于湿滞伤中，脘痞吐泻，食积气滞，腹胀便秘，痰饮喘咳。
薄荷是中华常用中药之一。它是辛凉性发汗解热药，治流行性感冒、头疼、目赤、身热、咽喉、牙床肿痛等症。外用可治神经痛、皮肤瘙痒、皮疹和湿疹等。平常以薄荷代茶，清心明目。
白术是一种常用重要的大宗中药材，具补脾健胃、燥湿利水、止汗安胎等功能。
青蒿，清热、凉血、退蒸、解暑、祛风、止痒之效，作阴虚潮热的退热剂，也止盗汗、中暑。
本发明的优点是：本发明辛温解表，散寒除湿，用于外感风寒所致的恶寒发热、咳嗽痰多、嗓子疼痛、无汗或汗出不畅、头痛且重、肢体酸痛、舌苔薄白等风寒潮症。本发明安全、有效、价格低廉、使用方便，推广应用后可望取得较好的经济、社会效益。
具体实施方式
一种辛温解表感冒组合物，所述冲剂由以下重量份的原料药制成：
荆芥8、葱白8、黄岑8、防风8、生姜8、紫苏叶8、白芷8、豆豉13、半夏8、桔梗8、连翘14、炙甘草9、柴胡8、细辛2、厚朴8、薄荷8、白术7、青蒿20。
一种辛温解表感冒组合物的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
(1)将厚朴、紫苏叶、白芷、黄岑、防风、半夏、柴胡、细辛混合加入60%乙醇，加热回流提取二次，第一次加6倍(w:v)乙醇，提取1.5小时;第二次加5倍(w:v)乙醇,提取1.0小时,合并药液，滤过，备用;
(2)将白术、薄荷混合加入12倍(w:v)水，蒸馏5小时，收集挥发油;蒸馏后的水溶液滤过，药渣再加8倍量水，煎煮1小时，滤过，合并二次滤液，浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.15/60℃的清膏;
(3)取羟丙基倍他环糊精和水，加热溶解，放置至室温，缓慢滴加步骤(2)中得到的挥发油.35℃搅拌包合，得到挥发油包合物，备用，其中，所述羟丙基倍他环糊精与挥发油的投料量的重量体积比为(10~14)g:1ml，所述挥发油与水的体积比为1:(15~25);
(4)将荆芥、葱白、生姜、豆豉、桔梗、连翘、青蒿、炙甘草混合加水，煎煮二次，第一次加10倍 （w:v）水，前煮2.0小时:第二次加8倍（w：v）水，煎煮1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.15/60℃的清膏；
(5)再步骤(4)中的清膏中加乙醇使含醇量达65%，搅匀，静置24小时，滤过，药液备用:
(6)将步骤(5)中得到的药液与步骤(1)中得到的药液合并，回收乙醇,加600~700ml水溶解，滤过，滤液备用;
(7)将步骤(6)中得到的滤液加入步骤(3)中得到的挥发油包合物，再加入蜂蜜甜味剂，混匀，加水至1000ml，用10%氢氧化钠溶液调pH值至65，静置，滤过，灌装，得到中药组合物。
典型病例一：
1、钟某，30岁，男，因夏季吹空调受凉后，出现鼻塞、咽喉肿痛、头痛头晕、全身肌肉酸痛， 咳嗽有痰，体温38.6°C， 医院检查后确诊为风寒感冒，服用本发明中药组合物，一天3次，一次一瓶，服药2天后，肌肉酸痛症状消失，
头痛头晕消失，体温恢复正常，咳嗽、咽喉肿痛症状减轻，服药5天后，痊愈。
2、柯某，45岁， 女， 冬季受风寒后出现鼻塞、流清涕、咳嗽、头痛、恶心发热、舌苔薄白，食欲不振，自行服用感冒药后，症状未见减轻，来医就诊后，确诊为风寒感冒。服用本发明中药组合物，一天3次，一次一瓶，服药3天后，头痛、发热、恶心症状减轻，体温恢复正常，服药7天后，彻底痊愈。

Claims (3)

1.一种辛温解表感冒组合物，其特征在于：所述冲剂由以下重量份的原料药制成：
荆芥3-10、葱白3-10、黄岑3-10、防风3-10、生姜3-10、紫苏叶3-10、白芷3-10、豆豉10-15、半夏5-10、桔梗3-10、连翘6-15、炙甘草6-10、柴胡3-10、细辛1-3、厚朴3-10、薄荷2-10、白术3-9、青蒿18-22。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种辛温解表感冒组合物，其特征在于：所述冲剂由以下重量份的原料药制成：
荆芥8、葱白8、黄岑8、防风8、生姜8、紫苏叶8、白芷8、豆豉13、半夏8、桔梗8、连翘14、炙甘草9、柴胡8、细辛2、厚朴8、薄荷8、白术7、青蒿20。
3.一种辛温解表感冒组合物的制备方法，其特征在于：具体包括以下步骤：
(1)将厚朴、紫苏叶、白芷、黄岑、防风、半夏、柴胡、细辛混合加入60%乙醇，加热回流提取二次，第一次加6倍(w:v)乙醇，提取1.5小时;第二次加5倍(w:v)乙醇,提取1.0小时,合并药液，滤过，备用;
(2)将白术、薄荷混合加入12倍(w:v)水，蒸馏5小时，收集挥发油;蒸馏后的水溶液滤过，药渣再加8倍量水，煎煮1小时，滤过，合并二次滤液，浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.15/60℃的清膏;
(3)取羟丙基倍他环糊精和水，加热溶解，放置至室温，缓慢滴加步骤(2)中得到的挥发油.35℃搅拌包合，得到挥发油包合物，备用，其中，所述羟丙基倍他环糊精与挥发油的投料量的重量体积比为(10~14)g:1ml，所述挥发油与水的体积比为1:(15~25);
(4)将荆芥、葱白、生姜、豆豉、桔梗、连翘、青蒿、炙甘草混合加水，煎煮二次，第一次加10倍 （w:v）水，前煮2.0小时:第二次加8倍（w：v）水，煎煮1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10~1.15/60℃的清膏；
(5)再步骤(4)中的清膏中加乙醇使含醇量达65%，搅匀，静置24小时，滤过，药液备用:
(6)将步骤(5)中得到的药液与步骤(1)中得到的药液合并，回收乙醇,加600~700ml水溶解，滤过，滤液备用;
(7)将步骤(6)中得到的滤液加入步骤(3)中得到的挥发油包合物，再加入蜂蜜甜味剂，混匀，加水至1000ml，用10%氢氧化钠溶液调pH值至65，静置，滤过，灌装，得到中药组合物。
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