CN113346100A - Bipolar plate suitable for fuel cell - Google Patents
Bipolar plate suitable for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113346100A CN113346100A CN202110523856.7A CN202110523856A CN113346100A CN 113346100 A CN113346100 A CN 113346100A CN 202110523856 A CN202110523856 A CN 202110523856A CN 113346100 A CN113346100 A CN 113346100A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 43
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a bipolar plate suitable for a fuel cell, wherein a cooling liquid channel is formed inside the bipolar plate, a plurality of ridges extending along the longitudinal direction are convexly arranged on two outer surfaces of the bipolar plate, and a reactant flow channel is formed between two adjacent ridges; along the longitudinal direction, a plurality of communicating grooves used for communicating reactant runners positioned at two sides of the ridge are distributed on the ridge at intervals, and a plurality of turbulence protrusions are distributed on the reactant runners at intervals; in the transverse direction, at least one of the two sides of the turbulent flow protrusion is provided with the communicating groove. The application can solve the problems that the pressure drop of flow field flow is increased due to the existence of the turbulence protrusions in the related art, more power needs to be provided from the outside, and the net output power of the fuel cell is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to fuel cell technologies, and particularly to a bipolar plate for a fuel cell.
Background
A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts gibbs free energy of chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. Theoretically, the fuel cell can operate at a thermal efficiency close to 100%, and has high economical efficiency.
The fuel cell uses fuel and oxygen as raw materials, does not have or rarely contain mechanical transmission parts, has reliable work, quiet reaction, no noise pollution and little discharged harmful gas, is a power generation technology with great development prospect from the viewpoint of energy conservation and environmental protection, and can be widely applied to industries such as transportation and the like.
However, in the process of fuel cell industrialization, due to the limitation of various technical factors, there is a distance between the energy conversion efficiency and the theoretical value, and the problems of lifetime and cost become problems to be solved for the fuel cell. The research and development and industrialization of the fuel cell relate to high-end technologies in multidisciplinary and multi-field engineering aspects, and are the result of comprehensive application of various technologies, so any technical improvement on the aspects of improving conversion efficiency, prolonging service life and reducing cost has great significance, the industrialization of the fuel cell is promoted, and great contribution is created to the energy aspect of the society.
In some related technologies, a single battery is provided, which includes an anode plate and a cathode plate, wherein a plurality of channels are disposed in parallel on the anode plate and the cathode plate, and a plurality of turbulence protrusions are disposed at the bottom of each channel along the length direction of the channel, so as to promote the respective flow states of hydrogen, air and coolant to be converted from laminar flow to turbulent flow, thereby improving the reaction speed and sufficiency of fluid fuel, enhancing the effect of the coolant, and reducing the temperature rise speed of the battery during the power generation process.
However, in this scheme, there are problems as follows:
(1) in the direction perpendicular to the gas flowing direction, the left side and the right side of the turbulence protrusion are ridges, which causes great speed change of hydrogen and air at the turbulence protrusion, and the hydrogen and the air can not uniformly diffuse and flow in time, thereby affecting the power generation performance of the fuel cell; meanwhile, the flow disturbance bulges block the flow of the fluid, so that the pressure drop of the flow field is increased, further more power is required to be provided from the outside, and the net output power of the fuel cell is reduced.
(2) For the reaction gas circulation surface of the cathode plate and the anode plate, the turbulence protrusions arranged on the reaction gas circulation surface have certain displacement deviation at the transverse position (vertical direction to the gas flow direction) of the gas flow, so that the grooves formed on the back surfaces of the protrusions, namely the cooling liquid flow channels, are also staggered, the cooling liquid firstly vertically touches the wall surfaces of the grooves in the flowing process, then vertically turns, flows into the grooves formed on the back surface of the other protrusion, the resistance is greatly increased because the cooling liquid directly rushes the wall surfaces and then turns at a right angle, the speed of the cooling liquid is greatly changed, so that the pressure drop of the cooling liquid in the flowing process is increased, in order to ensure the cooling effect, an external device is required to continuously provide power, and the net output power of the fuel cell is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a bipolar plate suitable for a fuel cell to solve the problem that in the related art, due to the existence of turbulence protrusions, the pressure drop of flow field flow is increased, the outside is required to provide larger power, and the net output power of the fuel cell is reduced.
The embodiment of the application provides a bipolar plate suitable for a fuel cell, wherein a cooling liquid channel is formed inside the bipolar plate, a plurality of ridges extending along the longitudinal direction are convexly arranged on two outer surfaces of the bipolar plate, and a reactant flow channel is formed between two adjacent ridges;
along the longitudinal direction, a plurality of communicating grooves used for communicating reactant runners positioned at two sides of the ridge are distributed on the ridge at intervals, and a plurality of turbulence protrusions are distributed on the reactant runners at intervals;
in the transverse direction, at least one of the two sides of the turbulent flow protrusion is provided with the communicating groove.
In some embodiments, the outer surface of the bipolar plate is provided with a plurality of transverse flow channels traversing each ridge, each transverse flow channel is longitudinally spaced, and the transverse flow channels are formed by substantially aligned turbulating protrusions and communicating grooves.
In some embodiments, the bipolar plate has a flow channel region on an outer surface thereof, the flow channel region having the ridge and a reactant flow channel therein;
along the longitudinal direction, the runner area comprises a middle area positioned in the middle and side areas positioned at two sides;
the arrangement period of the communication grooves in the side areas is shorter than that of the communication grooves in the middle area;
the arrangement period of the turbulence protrusions in the side area is smaller than that of the turbulence protrusions in the middle area.
In some embodiments, the communication grooves in the side regions have a length in the longitudinal direction that is less than a length in the longitudinal direction of the communication grooves in the middle region;
the length of the turbulence protrusion in the longitudinal direction in the side area is smaller than the length of the turbulence protrusion in the longitudinal direction in the middle area.
In some embodiments, in both outer surfaces of the bipolar plate:
one of the reactant channels on the outer surface is used for fuel circulation, and the distance from the top surface of the turbulent flow bulge on the outer surface to the bottom of the reactant channel is H1The distance from the bottom of the groove to the bottom of the reactant flow channel is H2；
The other reactant channel on the outer surface is used for air circulation, and the distance from the top surface of the turbulence protrusion on the outer surface to the bottom of the reactant channel is H3The distance from the bottom of the groove to the bottom of the reactant flow channel is H4；
Wherein H1＞H3，H2＞H4。
In some embodiments, in both outer surfaces of the bipolar plate:
the reactant runner of one of them surface supplies the fuel circulation, and the intercommunication recess and the vortex arch on this surface are configured as: the cross section area formed between the turbulent flow protrusion and the membrane electrode is not larger than the cross section area formed between the communication groove and the membrane electrode;
and the other outer surface is provided with a reactant flow channel for air circulation, and the communication groove and the turbulence protrusion on the outer surface are configured as follows: the cross sectional area formed between the turbulent flow protrusion and the membrane electrode is larger than the cross sectional area formed between the communication groove and the membrane electrode.
In some embodiments, in both outer surfaces of the bipolar plate:
the reactant flow channel on one outer surface is used for fuel circulation, and a fuel outlet and a fuel inlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the outer surface along the longitudinal direction;
the other reactant flow channel on the outer surface is used for air circulation, and an oxygen outlet and an oxygen inlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the outer surface along the longitudinal direction;
the fuel outlet and the oxygen inlet are positioned on the same side of the bipolar plate, and the fuel inlet and the oxygen outlet are positioned on the same side of the bipolar plate;
and a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet are respectively arranged at the two ends of the bipolar plate along the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction.
In some embodiments, two oxygen outlets are provided, and are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the fuel inlet along the transverse direction;
the two oxygen inlets are arranged and are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the fuel outlet along the transverse direction.
In some embodiments, the bipolar plate has a flow channel region on an outer surface thereof, the flow channel region having the ridge and a reactant flow channel therein;
buffer diffusion areas are arranged between the fuel outlet and the flow passage area on the side where the fuel outlet is arranged, between the fuel inlet and the flow passage area on the side where the fuel inlet is arranged, between the oxygen outlet and the flow passage area on the side where the oxygen outlet is arranged, and between the oxygen inlet and the flow passage area on the side where the oxygen inlet is arranged;
and a plurality of convex points and concave points are arranged in the buffer diffusion area.
In some embodiments, the fuel outlet cross-sectional area is no greater than the fuel inlet cross-sectional area;
the oxygen outlet cross-sectional area is no greater than the oxygen inlet cross-sectional area.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme that this application provided brought includes:
the embodiment of the application provides a bipolar plate suitable for a fuel cell, wherein the arranged turbulence protrusions can promote the fluid (fuel or air) in a reactant flow channel to be converted from laminar flow to turbulent flow, so that the difficulty of the fluid diffusing from the reactant flow channel to enter a membrane electrode for reaction is greatly reduced, and in the bipolar plate and corresponding to the turbulence protrusions, the two adjacent cooling liquid channels can be communicated due to the existence of the turbulence protrusions, so that the cooling liquids in the two cooling liquid channels are communicated, and the cooling effect is improved; meanwhile, the communicating grooves on the ridge are communicated with the adjacent reactant channels, so that fluid in the reactant channels can flow transversely, the flow of the fluid among the reactant channels is increased, the nonuniformity of the fluid in the reactant channels is reduced, the reaction in the membrane electrode is more uniform, and the service life and the performance of the cell are improved.
The communicating groove is arranged beside the turbulent flow protrusion, the turbulent flow protrusion and the communicating groove are approximately aligned in the transverse direction without dislocation, and when the turbulent flow protrusion is touched in the flowing process of the fluid, the fluid can immediately flow to the nearby reactant flow channel through the communicating groove, so that the rapid change of the fluid speed is avoided, the flowing distribution of the fluid is more uniform, the pressure drop of the whole flow field is reduced, the power generation performance of the fuel cell is improved, and the net output power of the fuel cell is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view (with a constant arrangement period) of a bipolar plate suitable for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fuel flow direction provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the flow direction of oxygen provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a bipolar plate suitable for use in a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a bipolar plate suitable for use in a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (with a non-constant arrangement period);
fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken at B-B in fig. 6.
In the figure: 1. a back; 10. the groove is communicated; 2. a reactant flow channel; 20. a turbulent flow bulge; 21. a fuel outlet; 22. a fuel inlet; 23. an oxygen outlet; 24. an oxygen inlet; 3. a coolant passage; 4. a transverse flow passage; 5. a coolant inlet; 6. a coolant outlet; 7. a flow channel region; 70. a middle zone; 71. a side area; 8. a buffer diffusion region; 80. salient points; 81. concave points; 9. a straight channel; C. a fuel flow direction; D. the direction of oxygen flow; E. the direction of flow of the coolant.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The embodiment of the application provides a bipolar plate suitable for a fuel cell, which can solve the problems that in the related art, due to the existence of turbulence protrusions, the pressure drop of flow field flow is increased, the outside is required to provide larger power, and the net output power of the fuel cell is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a bipolar plate for a fuel cell includes two unipolar plates, which are bonded to each other in an opposite manner, and each of the two unipolar plates is a fuel unipolar plate and an oxygen unipolar plate, and is electrically connected to a membrane electrode adjacent to each other.
The unipolar plate adopts the slot structure, and the outer surface of unipolar plate is protruding to establish and forms a plurality of along the ridge 1 of longitudinal extension promptly, and each ridge 1 is along horizontal interval distribution, forms reactant runner 2 between two adjacent ridges 1, and reactant runner 2 on the outer surface of fuel unipolar plate walks the fuel, and reactant runner 2 on the outer surface of oxygen unipolar plate walks the air.
When the two unipolar plates are jointed, at least one pair of reactant flow channels 2 are jointed with each other on the joint surface. In a better embodiment, all the reactant channels 2 on the attaching surface are opposite to each other, so that they can be attached to each other to form a contact surface, thereby ensuring the firmness of the metal plate 1.
Inside the bipolar plate, i.e. between the inner surfaces of the two unipolar plates, coolant channels 3 are formed for the passage of a coolant, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the ridges 1 of the two unipolar plates face each other, and a coolant channel 3 extending in the longitudinal direction is formed between the two ridges 1, and since the ridges 1 extend in the longitudinal direction and the ridges 1 are parallel to each other, the coolant channels 3 also extend in the longitudinal direction and the coolant channels 3 are parallel to each other.
Along the longitudinal direction, a plurality of communicating grooves 10 for communicating reactant runners 2 positioned at two sides of the ridge 1 are distributed on the ridge 1 at intervals, and a plurality of turbulence protrusions 20 are distributed on the reactant runners 2 at intervals, the arranged turbulence protrusions 20 can promote the fluid (fuel or air) in the reactant runners 2 to be converted from laminar flow to turbulent flow, so that the difficulty of the fluid diffusing from the reactant runners 2 to enter a membrane electrode for reaction is greatly reduced, and in the bipolar plate and corresponding to the turbulence protrusions 20, two adjacent cooling liquid channels 3 can be communicated due to the existence of the turbulence protrusions 20, so that the cooling liquids in the two cooling liquid channels 3 are communicated, and the cooling effect is improved; meanwhile, the communicating grooves 10 on the ridge 1 communicate with the adjacent reactant flow channels 2, so that fluid in the reactant flow channels 2 can flow in the transverse direction, the flow of the fluid among the reactant flow channels 2 is increased, the nonuniformity of the fluid in the reactant flow channels 2 is reduced, the reaction in the membrane electrode is more uniform, and the service life and the performance of the cell are improved.
In the transverse direction, at least one side of two sides of the turbulence protrusion 20 is provided with a communicating groove 10, the communicating groove 10 is arranged beside the turbulence protrusion 20, the turbulence protrusion 20 and the communicating groove 10 are approximately aligned in the transverse direction without dislocation, when the turbulence protrusion 20 is touched in the fluid flowing process, the fluid can immediately flow to the reactant flow channel 2 beside the communicating groove 10, the rapid change of the fluid speed is avoided, the fluid flowing distribution is more uniform, meanwhile, the pressure drop of the whole flow field is also reduced, the power generation performance of the fuel cell is improved, and the net output power of the fuel cell is improved. Referring to fig. 3, when the fuel collides with the flow disturbing protrusion 20 during the flow, the fuel may flow in the fuel flow direction C, and referring to fig. 4, when the air collides with the flow disturbing protrusion 20 during the flow, the air may flow in the oxygen flow direction D.
As a preferred embodiment, the cross section of the communicating groove 10 and the cross section of the turbulence protrusion 20 are trapezoidal, and the top surface of the ridge 1 is designed to be 180 degrees centrosymmetric relative to the bottom surface of the reactant channel 2. Of course, the cross section can also be designed to be rectangular, the length is not more than 2mm, the width is not more than 1mm, the height is not more than 0.3mm, and the arrangement period of the communication groove 10 and the spoiler protrusion 20 can be set according to actual needs, for example, not more than 5 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the turbulator protrusion 20 is provided with a communicating groove 10 on each side, and in a more preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the outer surface of the bipolar plate is provided with a plurality of transverse flow channels 4 traversing each ridge 1, each transverse flow channel 4 is longitudinally spaced, the transverse flow channels 4 are formed by the turbulator protrusion 20 and the communicating groove 10, and the turbulator protrusion 20 and the communicating groove 10 are substantially aligned in the transverse direction without dislocation. Preferably, the spoiler protrusion 20 and the communication groove 10 have substantially the same length in the longitudinal direction.
By adopting the arrangement mode, a transverse straight channel 9 which is approximately straight is formed in the bipolar plate at the position corresponding to the transverse flow channel 4, the straight channel 9 traverses the coolant channel 3, the straight channel 9 and the coolant channel 3 together forming a coolant chamber, as shown in connection with figures 1 and 5, when the coolant inlet 5 and the coolant outlet 6 are arranged in the transverse direction, the coolant can flow in the coolant chamber in the coolant flow direction E, i.e. along the straight channels 9 and the coolant channels 3, so that the cooling liquid can be uniformly distributed and flow through the bipolar plate, thereby not only effectively taking out the reaction heat of the fuel cell from the outlet, and the cooling hydraulic pressure drops less, has avoided because of the too big shortcoming of cooling hydraulic pressure drop that the horizontal dislocation leads to, reduces the loss of external pressure supply equipment power to improve the net output power of battery.
In one possible embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the arrangement period of the communication grooves 10 is constant and the arrangement period of the turbulator protrusions 20 is constant in the longitudinal direction. In the present embodiment, the communication grooves 10 on the ridge 1 are arranged at equal intervals, and the turbulator protrusions 20 in the reactant flow channel 2 are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction. The lengths of the communication grooves 10 in the longitudinal direction are equal, the lengths of the turbulence protrusions 20 in the longitudinal direction are equal, and the lengths of the turbulence protrusions 20 and the communication grooves 10 in the longitudinal direction are also equal.
In another preferred embodiment, a non-constant arrangement period may be adopted, such that the communication grooves 10 and the spoiler protrusions 20 at the two ends of the bipolar plate in the longitudinal direction are densely arranged, and the communication grooves 10 and the spoiler protrusions 20 at the middle part are sparsely arranged, which is because:
fluid enters the flow channel area 7 through corresponding inlets (a fuel inlet 22 and an oxygen inlet 24) and flows in the corresponding flow directions (a fuel flow direction C and an oxygen flow direction D), the arrangement period of the communication groove 10 and the turbulence protrusion 20 is shorter than that of the communication groove 10 and the turbulence protrusion 20 in the middle area at the corresponding inlet and outlet, and if the ratio is 0.7-0.9, the condition that the fluid flows to the reactant flow channel 2 close to the inlet preferentially and quickly due to the fact that the velocity of the fluid just entering is too high and the like can be effectively avoided, and the flow uniformity of the fluid is affected is effectively avoided. The communicating grooves 10 and the turbulent flow bulges 20 which are positioned at the inlet and the outlet are arranged densely, so that the flow is blocked when the fluid flows in the turbulent flow bulges 20, the flow direction of the fluid is changed, micro-vortex is formed at the turbulent flow bulges 20 in the fluid flowing process, the micro-vortex drives the fluid to continue flowing longitudinally, and meanwhile, the communicating grooves 10 and the turbulent flow bulges 20 are approximately level in the transverse direction, the length of the communicating grooves 10 and the length of the turbulent flow bulges 20 in the longitudinal direction are approximately the same, the fluid can be subjected to sufficient flow diffusion in the transverse direction, so that the fluid can flow fully and uniformly in each reactant flow channel 2 in the flowing process, and further uniformly diffuse into a membrane electrode, so that the fluid can be subjected to efficient reaction, and the performances of the net output power of a fuel cell and the like are improved.
In addition, when the dimensions of the communication grooves 10 and the turbulence protrusions 20 on the two sides of the bipolar plate are set, the height of the turbulence protrusion 20 on one side of the circulating fuel is greater than that of the turbulence protrusion 20 on one side of the circulating air, and the depth of the communication groove 10 on one side of the circulating fuel is less than that of the communication groove 10 on one side of the circulating air.
At this moment, fuel is because of the protruding 20 highly great and the intercommunication recess 10 degree of depth of flow diffusion in-process, and the intercommunication recess 10 and the protruding 20 arrangement of flow disturbance of entry and exit are denser, and fuel flows in at the entry and can diffuses to the membrane electrode in effectively to fully react, and fuel flows out at the exit and can form great pressure drop, can discharge residual fuel and resultant fast effectively, avoids blockking up, makes the fuel reaction can high-efficient orderly the going on, performance such as promotion fuel cell net output power.
Meanwhile, in the air flowing and diffusing process, the turbulent flow protrusion 20 is small in height and the depth of the communication groove 10 is large, so that the air flowing sectional area is large, the pressure drop formed in the air flowing process is small, the power loss of external equipment is greatly reduced, the performances of the fuel cell such as net output power and the like are indirectly improved, the pressure difference between the air side and the fuel side of the membrane electrode can be effectively reduced, the pressure at two sides of the membrane electrode is in a small pressure difference range, and the service life of the membrane electrode is effectively prolonged. Inlet and outlet vortex are protruding 20 and the intercommunication recess 10 is arranged more densely in this embodiment, high concentration air and fuel intensive mixing in membrane electrode, make the air can fully participate in the reaction, promote fuel cell performance, simultaneously, to being close flow field exit, because outlet vortex is protruding 20 and the intercommunication recess 10 is arranged more densely, the air flows to the exit outside from being close flow field exit, can form great pressure drop, can discharge residual air and resultant fast effectively, avoid blockking up, make follow-up reaction can high-efficient orderly going on, promote performance such as fuel cell net output power.
In addition, because the fuel and the air have high concentration and rapid reaction at the inlet, the reaction heat is generated more and quickly, and the dense turbulence protrusions 20 and the communication grooves 10 are arranged at the fuel and air inlet, so that dense straight channels 9 are formed in the bipolar plate corresponding to the turbulence protrusions 20 and the communication grooves 10, the reaction heat can be effectively and quickly taken out, the fuel cell is ensured to be in a high-efficiency reaction temperature range, and the power and the service life of the fuel cell are improved.
In order to make the arrangement of the communication grooves 10 and the turbulent flow protrusions 20 at the two ends of the bipolar plate in the longitudinal direction dense, and the arrangement of the communication grooves 10 and the turbulent flow protrusions 20 at the middle part sparse, in this embodiment, the following method can be adopted:
referring to fig. 5 and 6, a flow channel region 7 is formed on the outer surface of the bipolar plate, and a ridge 1 and a reactant flow channel 2 are formed in the flow channel region 7; in the longitudinal direction, the runner section 7 includes a middle section 70 at the middle and side sections 71 at both sides; the arrangement period of the communication grooves 10 located in the side region 71 is shorter than the arrangement period of the communication grooves 10 located in the middle region 70; the arrangement period of the turbulator protrusions 20 located in the side region 71 is smaller than that of the turbulator protrusions 20 located in the middle region 70.
For the arrangement period of the communication grooves 10 and the arrangement period of the spoiler projections 20 located in the side area 71, a constant arrangement period may be adopted, or a variable arrangement period may be adopted, and when a variable arrangement period is adopted, the distance between two adjacent communication grooves 10 gradually increases and the distance between two adjacent spoiler projections 20 gradually increases along the direction from the side area 71 to the middle area 70. Meanwhile, the lengths of the communication grooves 10 and the spoiler projections 20 in the longitudinal direction may be constant or may vary, for example, as shown in fig. 6, the length of the communication grooves 10 in the longitudinal direction in the side region 71 is smaller than the length of the communication grooves 10 in the longitudinal direction in the middle region 70; the spoiler protrusion 20 located in the side region 71 has a length in the longitudinal direction smaller than that of the spoiler protrusion 20 located in the middle region 70.
For the arrangement period of the communication grooves 10 and the arrangement period of the spoiler projections 20 in the middle area 70, a constant arrangement period may be adopted, or a variable arrangement period may be adopted, and when a variable arrangement period is adopted, the distance between two adjacent communication grooves 10 is gradually reduced from the middle to both sides, and the distance between two adjacent spoiler projections 20 is gradually reduced. Meanwhile, the lengths of the communication groove 10 and the turbulent flow protrusion 20 in the longitudinal direction may be constant or may be variable, and when the lengths of the communication groove 10 and the turbulent flow protrusion 20 in the longitudinal direction are variable and different, the lengths of the communication groove 10 and the turbulent flow protrusion 20 in the longitudinal direction are gradually reduced from the middle toward both sides.
Referring to fig. 2 or 7, in a preferred embodiment, in both outer surfaces of the bipolar plate: one of the reactant channels 2 on the outer surface is used for fuel to flow through, and the distance from the top surface of the turbulent flow protrusion 20 on the outer surface to the bottom of the reactant channel 2 is H1The distance from the bottom of the communicating groove 10 to the bottom of the reactant flow channel 2 is H2(ii) a The other reactant flow channel 2 on the outer surface is used for air circulation, and the distance from the top surface of the turbulent flow bulge 20 on the outer surface to the bottom of the reactant flow channel 2 is H3The distance from the bottom of the communicating groove 10 to the bottom of the reactant flow channel 2 is H4(ii) a Wherein H1＞H3，H2＞H4。
In this embodiment, during the setting, the distance from the top surface of the turbulence protrusion 20 disposed in the fuel unipolar plate to the bottom of the reactant flow channel 2 is greater than the distance from the top surface of the turbulence protrusion 20 disposed in the oxygen unipolar plate to the bottom of the reactant flow channel 2, meanwhile, the distance from the bottom of the communication groove 10 disposed in the fuel unipolar plate to the bottom of the reactant flow channel 2 is greater than the distance from the bottom of the communication groove 10 disposed in the oxygen unipolar plate to the bottom of the reactant flow channel 2, and the air flow in the oxygen unipolar plate is greater than the fuel flow in the fuel unipolar plate, so that the pressure drop formed in the whole air flow field is greater than the pressure drop formed in the fuel flow field, thereby reducing the risk that the pressure of the fuel unipolar plate and the membrane electrode is lower and the pressure of the oxygen unipolar plate and the membrane electrode is higher because the risk causes a higher pressure difference at both sides of the membrane electrode, the membrane electrode is gradually pressed to one side of the fuel unipolar plate, so that the reaction rate and the correct placement position of the membrane electrode at the position are influenced (pressing to one side can generate a sharp corner, and the sharp corner is easy to damage), and the power generation performance of the fuel cell and the service life of the membrane electrode are influenced.
In the communicating groove 10 and the turbulent flow protrusion 20 located on the same outer surface of the bipolar plate, the distance between the top surface of the turbulent flow protrusion 20 and the bottom of the reactant flow channel 2, and the distance between the bottom of the communicating groove 10 and the bottom of the reactant flow channel 2 can be set according to actual needs, for example, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the distance between the top surface of the turbulent flow protrusion 20 and the bottom of the reactant flow channel 2 is smaller than the distance between the bottom of the communicating groove 10 and the bottom of the reactant flow channel 2, so that even if the external pressure supply device has low power, the fluid can easily climb up to the communicating groove 10 after climbing up to the turbulent flow protrusion 20.
In a preferred embodiment, in both outer surfaces of the bipolar plate:
the reactant flow channel 2 on one of the outer surfaces is used for fuel to flow through, and the communication groove 10 and the turbulent flow protrusion 20 on the outer surface are configured as follows: the cross-sectional area formed between the turbulent flow protrusion 20 and the membrane electrode is not greater than the cross-sectional area formed between the communication groove 10 and the membrane electrode. Because the fuel flow is little, and the pressure drop that forms is little, consequently designs like this, under the prerequisite that guarantees that fluid can flow to both sides intercommunication recess 10 smoothly from vortex arch 20, makes vortex arch 20 height bigger as far as, on the one hand, can increase the fuel resistance, reduces or be close to the pressure of circulation of air one side as far as, on the other hand for the corresponding cell body flow area that is used for the coolant liquid to flow of vortex arch 20's the back is bigger, finally can reduce the coolant liquid pressure loss.
And the other outer surface is provided with a reactant flow channel 2 for air circulation, and the communication groove 10 and the flow disturbing protrusion 20 on the outer surface are configured as follows: the cross-sectional area formed between the turbulent flow protrusion 20 and the membrane electrode is larger than the cross-sectional area formed between the communication groove 10 and the membrane electrode. Since the air flow rate is large, the height of the spoiler projection 20 is as small as possible so as not to cause too large pressure drop (resistance); the depth of the communication groove 10 is as large as possible, so that the communication between the single flow passage and the adjacent flow passage is convenient, and the air pressure drop is reduced.
Referring to fig. 5, in some preferred embodiments, in both outer surfaces of the bipolar plate: the reactant flow channel 2 on one outer surface is used for fuel to flow through, and a fuel outlet 21 and a fuel inlet 22 are respectively arranged at two ends of the outer surface along the longitudinal direction; the other reactant flow channel 2 on the outer surface is used for air circulation, and an oxygen outlet 23 and an oxygen inlet 24 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the outer surface along the longitudinal direction; the fuel outlet 21 and the oxygen inlet 24 are located on the same side of the bipolar plate, and the fuel inlet 22 and the oxygen outlet 23 are located on the same side of the bipolar plate; the bipolar plates are provided with coolant inlets 5 and coolant outlets 6 at both ends, either in the transverse direction or in the longitudinal direction, respectively.
Referring to fig. 1, 3, 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, fuel and air respectively flow in from the fuel inlet 22 and the oxygen inlet 24, and the fuel and the air respectively fully diffuse and flow in the fuel flow direction C and the oxygen flow direction D, and further diffuse to both sides of the membrane electrode, and under the action of the membrane electrode catalyst, the fuel and the oxygen in the air undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction to generate corresponding oxides and release reaction heat. In the reaction process, corresponding voltage is generated between the oxygen unipolar plate and the fuel unipolar plate, and current is generated after a closed-loop circuit is formed by the load and the fuel cell. The residual fuel and products flow out from the fuel outlet 21 through the reactant flow channel 2; the residual air and the products flow out from the oxygen outlet 23 through the reactant flow channel 2; the coolant enters from the coolant inlet 5, flows in the coolant flow direction E, and carries away the heat generated by the reaction from the coolant outlet 6.
In a preferred embodiment, the fuel outlets 21 and fuel inlets 22 are symmetrical about the transverse centerline of the bipolar plate, as shown in FIG. 5.
In a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the coolant inlet 5 and the coolant outlet 6 are disposed at two lateral ends of the bipolar plate, so as to avoid that when the inlet and outlet of the three channels are disposed in the same direction, the cross-sectional area of each inlet and outlet is limited by the width of the bipolar plate, which makes it difficult to achieve an ideal arrangement effect, so that the pressure drop of the flow field is too large, the reactant is not uniformly distributed, the internal reaction of the fuel cell is not uniform, the power of the fuel cell is significantly reduced, and the service life of the fuel cell is severely affected.
In a preferred embodiment, the coolant inlets 5 are 2N, N is more than or equal to 1, the cross-sectional areas are the same, the coolant inlets are positioned on the same side of the bipolar plate and are symmetrical about the transverse center line of the bipolar plate; 2N cooling liquid outlets 6 are provided, have the same cross section area, are positioned at the same side of the bipolar plate and are symmetrical about the transverse center line of the bipolar plate; the coolant inlet 5 and the coolant outlet 6 are symmetrical with respect to the center of the bipolar plate.
In order to avoid an insufficient diffusion of the inlet and outlet, which leads to the generation of dead angle regions, and to reduce the longest diffusion distance of air to the flow channel region 7, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, two oxygen outlets 23 are provided, and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the fuel inlet 22 in the transverse direction; the oxygen inlets 24 are arranged in two and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the fuel outlet 21 along the transverse direction.
Referring to fig. 5, in a preferred embodiment, the bipolar plate has flow channel regions 7 on the outer surface, and lands 1 and reactant flow channels 2 are provided in the flow channel regions 7; buffer diffusion regions 8 are arranged between the fuel outlet 21 and the flow channel region 7 on the side of the fuel outlet, between the fuel inlet 22 and the flow channel region 7 on the side of the fuel inlet, between the oxygen outlet 23 and the flow channel region 7 on the side of the oxygen outlet, and between the oxygen inlet 24 and the flow channel region 7 on the side of the oxygen inlet; the buffer diffusion region 8 is provided with a plurality of convex points 80 and concave points 81.
The buffering diffusion area 8 arranged in the embodiment adopts a grid-type flow field, and in the process that fuel and air flow from an inlet to the flow channel area 7, fluid flows symmetrically, so that the diffusion distance in the buffering diffusion area 8 is reduced, the fluid flows uniformly and diffuses, the problem that part of the area is insufficient in diffusion or even cannot diffuse is effectively solved, reactants are uniformly distributed in an active area, the reaction efficiency is improved, and the performance of the cell is finally improved.
In some preferred embodiments, the fuel outlet 21 cross-sectional area is no greater than the fuel inlet 22 cross-sectional area and the oxygen outlet 23 cross-sectional area is no greater than the oxygen inlet 24 cross-sectional area, as designed. Since fuel or air is consumed and becomes smaller, the outlet is designed to be small, and a space for arranging other external connection parts such as a terminal, a positioning hole and the like can be reserved.
When the fuel is supplied, the amount of fuel supplied to the fuel inlet 22 is larger than the reaction equivalent, and the amount of coolant supplied to the coolant inlet 5 is larger than the amount of coolant to be dissipated for the reaction heat of the fuel, so that the cooling effect can be sufficiently ensured.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It is noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A bipolar plate suitable for use in a fuel cell, comprising:
a cooling liquid channel (3) is formed inside the bipolar plate, a plurality of ridges (1) extending along the longitudinal direction are convexly arranged on the two outer surfaces of the bipolar plate, and a reactant flow channel (2) is formed between the two adjacent ridges (1);
along the longitudinal direction, a plurality of communication grooves (10) for communicating reactant channels (2) positioned at two sides of the ridge (1) are distributed on the ridge (1) at intervals, and a plurality of turbulence protrusions (20) are distributed on the reactant channels (2) at intervals;
in the transverse direction, at least one of two sides of the turbulence protrusion (20) is provided with the communication groove (10).
2. The bipolar plate for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein:
the outer surface of the bipolar plate is provided with a plurality of transverse flow channels (4) which transversely penetrate through the ridges (1), the transverse flow channels (4) are longitudinally distributed at intervals, and the transverse flow channels (4) are formed by flow disturbing bulges (20) and communication grooves (10) which are approximately aligned.
3. The bipolar plate for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein:
a flow channel area (7) is arranged on the outer surface of the bipolar plate, and the ridge (1) and the reactant flow channel (2) are arranged in the flow channel area (7);
the runner area (7) comprises a middle area (70) positioned in the middle and side areas (71) positioned on two sides along the longitudinal direction;
the arrangement period of the communication grooves (10) in the side region (71) is shorter than the arrangement period of the communication grooves (10) in the middle region (70);
the arrangement period of the turbulence protrusions (20) located in the side area (71) is smaller than the arrangement period of the turbulence protrusions (20) located in the middle area (70).
4. A bipolar plate for a fuel cell as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the length of the communication groove (10) in the longitudinal direction in the side region (71) is smaller than the length of the communication groove (10) in the longitudinal direction in the middle region (70);
the length of the turbulent flow protrusion (20) located in the side region (71) in the longitudinal direction is smaller than the length of the turbulent flow protrusion (20) located in the middle region (70) in the longitudinal direction.
5. The bipolar plate for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in both outer surfaces of the bipolar plate:
one of the reactant channels (2) on the outer surface is used for fuel circulation, and the distance from the top surface of the turbulent flow bulge (20) on the outer surface to the bottom of the reactant channel (2) is H1The distance from the bottom of the communicating groove (10) to the bottom of the reactant runner (2) is H2；
The other reactant flow channel (2) on the outer surface is used for air circulation, and the distance from the top surface of the turbulence protrusion (20) on the outer surface to the bottom of the reactant flow channel (2) is H3The distance from the bottom of the communicating groove (10) to the bottom of the reactant runner (2) is H4；
Wherein H1＞H3，H2＞H4。
6. The bipolar plate for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein in both outer surfaces of the bipolar plate:
one of the outer surface of the reactant flow channel (2) is provided for the fuel to flow through, and the communication groove (10) and the turbulence protrusion (20) on the outer surface are configured as follows: the cross section area formed between the turbulent flow protrusion (20) and the membrane electrode is not larger than the cross section area formed between the communication groove (10) and the membrane electrode;
and the other outer surface is provided with a reactant flow channel (2) for air circulation, and the communication groove (10) and the turbulence protrusion (20) on the outer surface are configured as follows: the cross sectional area formed between the turbulent flow protrusion (20) and the membrane electrode is larger than the cross sectional area formed between the communication groove (10) and the membrane electrode.
7. The bipolar plate for a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein in both outer surfaces of the bipolar plate:
the reactant flow channel (2) on one outer surface is used for fuel to flow through, and a fuel outlet (21) and a fuel inlet (22) are respectively arranged at two ends of the outer surface along the longitudinal direction;
the other reactant flow channel (2) on the outer surface is used for air circulation, and an oxygen outlet (23) and an oxygen inlet (24) are respectively arranged at the two ends of the outer surface along the longitudinal direction;
the fuel outlet (21) and the oxygen inlet (24) are located on the same side of the bipolar plate, and the fuel inlet (22) and the oxygen outlet (23) are located on the same side of the bipolar plate;
and a cooling liquid inlet (5) and a cooling liquid outlet (6) are respectively arranged at the two ends of the bipolar plate along the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction.
8. The bipolar plate for a fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein:
the two oxygen outlets (23) are arranged and are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the fuel inlet (22) along the transverse direction;
the two oxygen inlets (24) are arranged and are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the fuel outlet (21) along the transverse direction.
9. The bipolar plate for a fuel cell according to claim 7 or 8, wherein:
a flow channel area (7) is arranged on the outer surface of the bipolar plate, and the ridge (1) and the reactant flow channel (2) are arranged in the flow channel area (7);
buffer diffusion areas (8) are arranged between the fuel outlet (21) and the flow passage area (7) on the side of the fuel outlet, between the fuel inlet (22) and the flow passage area (7) on the side of the fuel inlet, between the oxygen outlet (23) and the flow passage area (7) on the side of the oxygen outlet, and between the oxygen inlet (24) and the flow passage area (7) on the side of the oxygen outlet;
a plurality of salient points (80) and concave points (81) are arranged in the buffer diffusion area (8).
10. The bipolar plate for a fuel cell according to claim 7, wherein:
the cross-sectional area of the fuel outlet (21) is not greater than the cross-sectional area of the fuel inlet (22);
the oxygen outlet (23) has a cross-sectional area no greater than the cross-sectional area of the oxygen inlet (24).
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| CN202110523856.7A CN113346100B (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Bipolar plate suitable for fuel cell |
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| CN202110523856.7A CN113346100B (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Bipolar plate suitable for fuel cell |
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