CN115064721B - Air-cooled fuel single cell assembly and air-cooled fuel cell stack structure - Google Patents
Air-cooled fuel single cell assembly and air-cooled fuel cell stack structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115064721B CN115064721B CN202210652933.3A CN202210652933A CN115064721B CN 115064721 B CN115064721 B CN 115064721B CN 202210652933 A CN202210652933 A CN 202210652933A CN 115064721 B CN115064721 B CN 115064721B
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- air
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- plate
- cooled fuel
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 53
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
Abstract
The invention discloses an air-cooled fuel single cell assembly and an air-cooled fuel cell pile structure, which comprise an anode plate, a membrane electrode and a runner plate, wherein the membrane electrode is attached to the anode plate, a reaction surface of the runner plate is attached to the membrane electrode, the runner plate forms a plurality of upward protruding units, a short runner is formed between the protruding units and the membrane electrode, the upper surface of the runner plate is provided with a cooling surface, and the short runner is provided with a short runner inlet and/or a short runner outlet which are communicated with the cooling surface. The runner plate forms a plurality of ascending protruding units, forms the short runner between protruding unit and the membrane electrode, and the short runner has the short runner entry and/or the short runner export that communicate to the cooling surface, can be through the design that the short runner that forms between protruding unit and the membrane electrode communicates to the cooling surface makes the air of cooling surface and the air of reaction surface mix the cooling mutually, improves radiating efficiency, promotes output.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to fuel cells, and more particularly, to an air-cooled fuel cell module and an air-cooled fuel cell stack structure.
Background
Currently, fuel cell stacks typically need to be equipped with relatively complex peripheral systems for maintaining their operation. The air-cooled fuel cell stack can greatly simplify the operation conditions of the fuel cell and can meet the use conditions of a low-power portable system. Therefore, the optimal design of an air-cooled fuel cell stack is extremely important to promote the development of fuel cells.
The air-cooled fuel cell stack at the present stage has lower specific heat capacity, and heat dissipation becomes a bottleneck factor for restricting the structure of the air-cooled fuel cell stack, and in the prior art, cell cooling is realized by designing a flow passage of an air-cooled fuel cell assembly, and the air-cooled fuel cell stack comprises two types, namely a single-row flow passage or a corrugated structure, wherein the air of the single-row flow passage directly passes through, the air utilization rate is low, and the heat dissipation effect is poor; the corrugated flow path design, although changing the air passing path, cannot improve the cooling efficiency by using the hybrid cooling mode. Therefore, a new air-cooled fuel cell assembly is needed to solve the heat dissipation problem of the air-cooled fuel cell stack structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that a runner plate in the prior art cannot be subjected to mixed cooling in the prior art, and provides an air-cooled fuel single cell assembly and an air-cooled fuel cell stack structure.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an air-cooled fuel single cell assembly which comprises an anode plate, a membrane electrode and a runner plate, wherein the membrane electrode is attached to the anode plate, a reaction surface of the runner plate is attached to the membrane electrode, the runner plate forms a plurality of upward protruding units, a short runner is formed between each protruding unit and the membrane electrode, a cooling surface is arranged on the upper surface of the runner plate, and the short runner is provided with a short runner inlet and/or a short runner outlet which are communicated with the cooling surface.
In the technical scheme, the flow channel plate forms a plurality of upward protruding units, a short flow channel is formed between the protruding units and the membrane electrode, the short flow channel is provided with a short flow channel inlet and/or a short flow channel outlet which are communicated to the cooling surface, and the design that the short flow channel formed between the protruding units and the membrane electrode is communicated to the cooling surface can enable air of the cooling surface and air of the reaction surface to be mutually mixed and cooled, so that the heat dissipation efficiency is improved, and the output power is improved.
Preferably, the flow channel plate has an air inlet side facing the air inlet and an air outlet side facing the air outlet, and the plurality of short flow channels are divided into a plurality of rows along the air flowing direction, and each row of short flow channels corresponds to each other from head to tail to form a reaction flow channel.
In the technical scheme, a plurality of rows of reaction runners are distributed on the runner plate, so that the air can be ensured to be fully contacted with the runner plate, and the air uniformly and effectively passes through the reaction surface and the cooling surface of the runner plate.
Preferably, the two ends of the air-cooled fuel single cell component are respectively provided with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet, and the extension lines of the air inlet and the air outlet are perpendicular to the movement direction of the hydrogen.
In the technical scheme, the extension lines of the air inlet and the air outlet are perpendicular to the movement direction of the hydrogen, so that the whole flow direction of the air is crossed with the movement direction of the hydrogen, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the air is improved.
Preferably, the first and the last short flow channels of the reaction flow channels respectively form acute angles with the side edges of the flow channel plates, and the included angles between the adjacent short flow channels of the single reaction flow channel are obtuse angles.
In the technical scheme, the first and the second short flow channels of the reaction flow channels are respectively in an acute angle with the side edge angles of the flow channel plates, so that air enters and flows out of the flow channel plates at a certain angle, the residence time of the air in the flow channel plates is prolonged, the included angle between the adjacent short flow channels of the single reaction flow channel is an obtuse angle, the flow path of the air in the flow channel plates is increased, the turbulence is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is guaranteed.
Preferably, adjacent short flow channel inlets and short flow channel outlets of a single reaction flow channel correspond.
In the technical scheme, the adjacent short flow channel inlets and short flow channel outlets of each row of reaction flow channels are corresponding to each other, so that air can pass through each row of reaction flow channels through the guidance of the short flow channel inlets and the short flow channel outlets, and heat dissipation is uniform.
Preferably, a cooling surface is provided between adjacent short flow channels of the single reaction flow channel.
In the technical scheme, the cooling surface is arranged between the adjacent short flow channels of the single reaction flow channel, so that when air is introduced into the inlet of the other short flow channel from the outlet of the one short flow channel, more space is available for the air to pass through the cooling surface, and the mixing cooling process is increased.
Preferably, no cooling surface is arranged between the adjacent short flow channels of the single reaction flow channel.
In the technical scheme, a cooling surface is not arranged between adjacent short runners of the single reaction runner, so that shrinkage is generated in the stamping process to improve manufacturability.
Preferably, a cooling surface is arranged between the adjacent reaction channels.
In the technical scheme, the cooling surface is arranged between the adjacent reaction channels, so that the heat dissipation of the battery is ensured, and meanwhile, the enough effective contact area between the channel plate and the membrane electrode is ensured, so that the contact resistance is reduced.
The invention also provides an air-cooled fuel cell pile structure, which comprises a pile core, wherein the pile core is formed by stacking a plurality of single cell assemblies, the single cell assemblies are the air-cooled fuel single cell assemblies, and a cooling surface of the flow passage plate and an anode plate of the adjacent single cell assembly form a cooling flow passage.
In the technical scheme, the electric pile core is formed by stacking a plurality of single cell assemblies, the cooling surface of the flow passage plate and the anode plates of the adjacent single cells form the cooling surface, so that the whole electric pile core structure is more compact, and the cooling effect is better.
Preferably, the air-cooled fuel cell stack structure further comprises an upper end plate, an upper current collecting plate, a limiting frame, a lower current collecting plate and a lower end plate, wherein the limiting frame is arranged in the circumferential direction of the stack core, the upper current collecting plate is attached to the upper end of the stack core, the upper end plate is attached to the upper current collecting plate and fixed to the upper end of the limiting frame, the lower current collecting plate is attached to the lower end of the stack core, and the lower end plate is attached to the lower current collecting plate and fixed to the lower end of the limiting frame.
In this technical scheme, the circumference of pile core is equipped with spacing frame to fix through upper end plate and lower tip, make the pile core fixed, ensure compact structure stability.
On the basis of conforming to the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain the preferred examples of the invention.
The invention has the positive progress effects that:
the runner plate forms a plurality of ascending protruding units, forms the short runner between protruding unit and the membrane electrode, and the short runner has the short runner entry and/or the short runner export that communicate to the cooling surface, can be through the design that the short runner that forms between protruding unit and the membrane electrode communicates to the cooling surface makes the air of cooling surface and the air of reaction surface mix the cooling mutually, improves radiating efficiency, promotes output.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an elevation view of an air-cooled fuel cell stack structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an elevation view of an air-cooled fuel cell assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a flow field plate of an air-cooled fuel cell assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a flow field plate of an air-cooled fuel cell assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow field plate of an air-cooled fuel cell assembly according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow field plate of an air-cooled fuel cell assembly according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
pile core 1
Anode plate 2
Membrane electrode 3
Flow channel plate 4
Reaction surface 41
The boss unit 42
Cooling surface 43
Cooling flow passage 5
Short flow channel 6
Short flow channel inlet 61
Short flow path outlet 62
An air inlet 7
Air outlet 8
Reaction flow channel 9
Hydrogen inlet 10
Hydrogen outlet 11
Upper end plate 12
Upper header 13
Spacing frame 14
Lower header 15
Lower end plate 16
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by means of examples which follow, without thereby restricting the scope of the invention thereto.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides an air-cooled fuel cell stack structure, which includes a stack core 1 and a cell assembly, wherein the stack core 1 is formed by stacking a plurality of cell assemblies, and a cooling surface 43 of a runner plate 4 of a cell assembly and an anode plate 2 of an adjacent cell assembly form a cooling runner 5.
The cell assembly has regular shape, the cell stack core 1 is formed by stacking a plurality of cell assemblies, each cell assembly comprises a flow passage plate 4 and an anode plate 2, when two adjacent cell assemblies are stacked, the flow passage plates 4 are in contact with the anode plates 2 of the adjacent cell assemblies, the cooling surfaces 43 of the flow passage plates 4 and the anode plates 2 of the adjacent cell assemblies form a cooling flow passage 5, the whole cell stack core 1 can be more compact in structure, the cooling effect is better, and air can pass through the cooling flow passage 5, so that the heat dissipation effect of the air-cooled fuel cell stack structure is better.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the present invention provides an air-cooled fuel cell assembly, which includes an anode plate 2, a membrane electrode 3 and a runner plate 4, wherein the membrane electrode 3 is attached to the anode plate 2, a reaction surface 41 of the runner plate 4 is attached to the membrane electrode 3, the runner plate 4 forms a plurality of raised units 42 upwards, a short runner 6 is formed between the raised units 42 and the membrane electrode 3, a cooling surface 43 is provided on the upper surface of the runner plate 4, and the short runner 6 is provided with a short runner inlet 61 and/or a short runner outlet 62 which are connected to the cooling surface 43. Specifically, a cooling surface 43 is provided between the adjacent reaction channels 9.
The flow channel plate 4 forms a plurality of upward protruding units 42, the protruding units 42 are in contact with the membrane electrode 3, a short flow channel 6 is formed between the protruding units 42 and the membrane electrode 3, the short flow channel 6 is provided with a short flow channel inlet 61 and/or a short flow channel outlet 62 which are communicated to the cooling surface 43, namely, the design that the short flow channel 6 formed between the protruding units 42 and the membrane electrode 3 is communicated to the cooling surface 43 can be adopted, so that air of the cooling surface 43 and air of the reaction surface 41 can be mutually mixed and cooled, the heat dissipation efficiency is improved, and the output power is improved. When the cooling surface 43 is provided between the adjacent reaction channels 9, the heat dissipation of the battery is ensured, and meanwhile, the sufficient effective contact area between the channel plate 4 and the membrane electrode 3 is ensured, so that the contact resistance is reduced.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the flow channel plate 4 has an air inlet side facing the air inlet 7 and an air outlet side facing the air outlet 8, and the plurality of short flow channels 6 are divided into a plurality of rows in the direction of air flow, and each row of short flow channels 6 corresponds end to form a reaction flow channel 9. Adjacent short flow channel inlets 61 and short flow channel outlets 62 of the single reaction flow channel 9 correspond.
The two sides of the runner plate 4 are respectively provided with an air inlet 7 and an air outlet 8, a plurality of rows of reaction runners 9 are distributed on the runner plate 4, and a plurality of rows of reaction runners 9 are distributed on the runner plate 4 side by side, so that the air is ensured to be fully contacted with the runner plate 4, and the air uniformly and effectively passes through the reaction surface 41 and the cooling surface 43 of the runner plate 4. Adjacent short flow channel inlets 61 and short flow channel outlets 62 of each row of reaction flow channels 9 correspond such that air can pass through each row of reaction flow channels 9 through the guidance of the short flow channel inlets 61 and outlets, so that heat dissipation is uniform. In this embodiment, 10 rows of reaction channels 9 are provided, and the number of rows of reaction channels 9 can be adjusted according to the size of the flow channel plate 4.
As shown in fig. 4 to 5, a cooling surface 43 is provided between adjacent short flow channels 6 of the single reaction flow channel 9.
In this embodiment, the cooling surface 43 is provided between the adjacent short flow channels 6 of the single reaction flow channel 9, so that when air passes from one short flow channel outlet 62 to the other short flow channel inlet 61, more space is allowed for the air to pass through the cooling surface 43, and the mixing cooling process is increased. In other embodiments, cooling surfaces 43 may not be provided between adjacent short flow channels 6 of a single reaction flow channel 9, depending on stamping design considerations.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the two ends of the air-cooled fuel cell assembly are respectively provided with a hydrogen inlet 10 and a hydrogen outlet 11, and the extension lines of the air inlet 7 and the air outlet 8 are perpendicular to the movement direction of the hydrogen. The included angles between the head and tail short flow channels 6 of the reaction flow channel 9 and the side edges of the flow channel plate 4 are acute angles, and the included angle between the adjacent short flow channels 6 of the single reaction flow channel 9 is an obtuse angle.
The extension lines of the air inlet 7 and the air outlet 8 are perpendicular to the movement direction of the hydrogen, so that the whole flow direction of the air is crossed with the movement direction of the hydrogen, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the air is improved. Specifically, the included angles between the head and tail short flow channels 6 of the reaction flow channels 9 and the side edges of the flow channel plates 4 are acute angles respectively, so that air enters and flows out of the flow channel plates 4 at a certain angle, the residence time of the air in the flow channel plates 4 is increased, the included angle between the adjacent short flow channels 6 of the single reaction flow channel 9 is obtuse angle, the flow path of the air in the flow channel plates 4 is increased, the turbulence is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is ensured. In this embodiment, the short flow channels 6 of the single reaction flow channel 9 are arranged in a zigzag shape like an M shape, which increases the chance of air contacting the cooling surface 43, and at the same time, each short flow channel 6 is arranged regularly, which is convenient for manufacturing.
As shown in fig. 1, the air-cooled fuel cell stack structure further includes an upper end plate 12, an upper current collecting plate 13, a limiting frame 14, a lower current collecting plate 15 and a lower end plate 16, wherein the limiting frame 14 is arranged in the circumferential direction of the stack core 1, the upper current collecting plate 13 is attached to the upper end of the stack core 1, the upper end plate 12 is attached to the upper current collecting plate 13 and fixed to the upper end of the limiting frame 14, the lower current collecting plate 15 is attached to the lower end of the stack core 1, and the lower end plate 16 is attached to the lower current collecting plate 15 and fixed to the lower end of the limiting frame 14.
The circumferential direction of the pile core 1 is provided with a limiting frame 14, specifically, the limiting frame 14 is matched with the shape of the pile core 1, and the side surface of the limiting frame 14 can flow in air, so that the air enters the pile core 1. The pile core 1 is further fixed through the upper end plate 12 and the lower end part, so that the pile core 1 is fixed, and the compact and stable structure is ensured.
Example 2
The air-cooled fuel cell module and the air-cooled fuel cell stack structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention are largely the same as those of embodiment 1, except that:
as shown in fig. 6 to 7, the cooling surface 43 is not provided between the adjacent short flow channels 6 of the single reaction flow channel 9.
In the present embodiment, the cooling surface 43 is not provided between the adjacent short flow channels 6 of the single reaction flow channel 9, the adjacent short flow channel inlet 61 and the short flow channel outlet 62 are formed integrally, and are not separated by the cooling surface 43, which allows the flow channel plate 4 to shrink during the stamping process to improve manufacturability.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, but such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An air-cooled fuel cell assembly, comprising:
an anode plate;
the membrane electrode is attached to the anode plate;
the reaction surface of the flow channel plate is attached to the membrane electrode, the flow channel plate forms a plurality of upward protruding units, a short flow channel is formed between the protruding units and the membrane electrode, the upper surface of the flow channel plate is provided with a cooling surface, and the short flow channel is provided with a short flow channel inlet and/or a short flow channel outlet which are communicated with the cooling surface;
the flow channel plate is provided with an air inlet side facing the air inlet and an air outlet side facing the air outlet, a plurality of short flow channels are divided into a plurality of rows along the air flow direction, and each row of short flow channels are corresponding to each other from head to tail to form a reaction flow channel;
the included angles between the head and tail short flow channels of the reaction flow channel and the side edges of the flow channel plates are acute angles, and the included angle between the adjacent short flow channels of the single reaction flow channel is an obtuse angle;
adjacent short flow channel inlets and short flow channel outlets of the single reaction flow channel correspond.
2. The air-cooled fuel cell assembly of claim 1, wherein the air-cooled fuel cell assembly has hydrogen inlets and hydrogen outlets at each end, and wherein the extension lines of the air inlets and the air outlets are perpendicular to the direction of hydrogen movement.
3. The air-cooled fuel cell assembly of claim 1, wherein a cooling surface is provided between adjacent ones of the short flow channels of each of the reaction flow channels.
4. The air-cooled fuel cell assembly of claim 1, wherein no cooling surface is provided between adjacent ones of the short flow channels of each of the reaction flow channels.
5. An air-cooled fuel cell assembly according to claim 1, wherein a cooling surface is provided between adjacent ones of the reaction channels.
6. An air-cooled fuel cell stack structure, characterized in that the air-cooled fuel cell stack structure comprises a stack core, the stack core is formed by stacking a plurality of single cell assemblies, the single cell assemblies are air-cooled fuel single cell assemblies according to any one of claims 1-5, and a cooling surface of a runner plate and an anode plate of an adjacent single cell assembly form a cooling runner.
7. The air-cooled fuel cell stack structure according to claim 6 further comprising an upper end plate, an upper current collecting plate, a limiting frame, a lower current collecting plate and a lower end plate, wherein the limiting frame is circumferentially arranged on the stack core, the upper current collecting plate is attached to the upper end of the stack core, the upper end plate is attached to the upper current collecting plate and fixed to the upper end of the limiting frame, the lower current collecting plate is attached to the lower end of the stack core, and the lower end plate is attached to the lower current collecting plate and fixed to the lower end of the limiting frame.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210652933.3A CN115064721B (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Air-cooled fuel single cell assembly and air-cooled fuel cell stack structure |
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| CN202210652933.3A CN115064721B (en) | 2022-06-08 | 2022-06-08 | Air-cooled fuel single cell assembly and air-cooled fuel cell stack structure |
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| CN115064721B true CN115064721B (en) | 2023-12-29 |
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| Title |
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| 空冷质子交换膜燃料电池性能优化研究综述;樊智鑫等;《汽车技术》(第4期);1-8 * |
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| CN115064721A (en) | 2022-09-16 |
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