CN111048817A - Solid oxide fuel cell stack adopting partial countercurrent airflow distribution - Google Patents
Solid oxide fuel cell stack adopting partial countercurrent airflow distribution Download PDFInfo
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- CN111048817A CN111048817A CN201911280562.5A CN201911280562A CN111048817A CN 111048817 A CN111048817 A CN 111048817A CN 201911280562 A CN201911280562 A CN 201911280562A CN 111048817 A CN111048817 A CN 111048817A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/2428—Grouping by arranging unit cells on a surface of any form, e.g. planar or tubular
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells, and discloses a solid oxide fuel cell stack adopting partial countercurrent airflow distribution, which comprises a plurality of cell plates and a connector, wherein the cell plates are stacked at intervals and comprise electrolyte, and an anode and a cathode which are respectively arranged on two sides of the electrolyte; a first air passage for circulating fuel gas is arranged on one side of the connecting body, which is in contact with the anode of the battery plate, a second air passage for circulating air is arranged on one side of the connecting body, which is in contact with the cathode of the battery plate, and the first air passage and the second air passage are oppositely arranged; the flowing directions of the fuel gas in the first air passages of two adjacent connecting bodies are opposite, and the flowing directions of the air in the second air passages of all the connecting bodies are the same. The design of the galvanic pile can reduce the temperature gradient of the battery region and the thermal stress caused by the temperature difference, improve the electrical efficiency and improve the reliability of the galvanic pile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells, in particular to a solid oxide fuel cell stack adopting partial countercurrent airflow distribution.
Background
The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is an all-Solid-state electrochemical power generation device which can efficiently and environmentally-friendly convert chemical energy stored in Fuel and oxidant into electric energy at medium and high temperature, has no Carnot cycle and high efficiency, simultaneously produces carbon dioxide and water, is a low-emission green energy power generation mode, and has a very good application prospect.
The SOFC single cell usually consists of an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode, and because a single cell can only achieve a small power output and cannot meet the application of actual working conditions, the single cell is usually stacked into the SOFC electric stack to achieve a high power output, thereby meeting the actual application. Commercial stack design schemes mainly include tubular and flat stack designs, the tubular stack has low power density and low electrical efficiency, and the flat stack design can achieve higher electrical efficiency, system efficiency, fuel utilization rate and the like, so the latter is more widely adopted.
The flat-plate type electric pile realizes the stacking of the electric pile through a connecting body, an air flow channel is designed on the connecting body to provide fuel and oxidizing gas for a cell activation area, and compared with common air flow distribution modes, the common air flow distribution modes are single air flow distribution schemes such as co-flow (co-flow), cross-flow (cross-flow), counter-flow (counter-flow) and the like. However, these gas flow distribution schemes all suffer from various degrees of disadvantages:
(1) by adopting the galvanic pile with a co-flow design scheme, the temperature of the outlet area of the whole cell is higher, the area of the cell activation area cannot be effectively increased, particularly, the cell size cannot be increased in the gas inlet and outlet directions, otherwise, a larger temperature gradient (dT) can be formed, so that the sealing material and the cell area bear larger stress due to larger temperature difference, and the electric efficiency of the galvanic pile cannot be optimized.
(2) By adopting a cross flow design scheme, although the design and the sealing mode of the galvanic pile are simpler, the battery temperature at the intersection of the gas and air airflow outlets is higher, the reliability of the battery and the galvanic pile is seriously influenced by a larger dT, and on the other hand, the current density distribution is uneven due to the existence of an over-high temperature area in the battery area, so that the attenuation of the galvanic pile is accelerated.
(3) By adopting a counter-flow design scheme, although the temperature gradient of the inlet and outlet regions of the cell is small and the temperature distribution of the cell region is relatively uniform, the overall temperature of the cell region is high, and the temperature difference between the cell region and the air inlet of the metal connector is large, so that the air inlet bears large thermal stress, and the reliability of the electric pile is seriously influenced.
Therefore, how to optimize the gas flow distribution of the solid oxide fuel cell stack to reduce the temperature gradient and thermal stress of the cell region and improve the electrical efficiency and the reliability of the stack is an important technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solid oxide fuel cell stack adopting partial countercurrent airflow distribution, which can reduce temperature gradient of a cell region and thermal stress caused by temperature difference, improve electric efficiency and improve reliability of the stack.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell stack using partial countercurrent gas flow distribution, which includes a plurality of cell plates stacked at intervals and a connector, wherein the cell plates include an electrolyte, and an anode and a cathode respectively disposed on both sides of the electrolyte;
a first air passage for circulating fuel gas is arranged on one side of the connecting body, which is in contact with the anode of the battery plate, a second air passage for circulating air is arranged on one side of the connecting body, which is in contact with the cathode of the battery plate, and the first air passage and the second air passage are oppositely arranged;
the flowing directions of the fuel gas in the first air passages of two adjacent connecting bodies are opposite, and the flowing directions of the air in the second air passages of all the connecting bodies are the same.
Preferably, the connecting body has a plurality of first air passages arranged in parallel, and the connecting body has a plurality of second air passages arranged in parallel.
Preferably, the positions of the first air passages and the second air passages correspond to each other one by one.
Preferably, a plurality of first air passages are uniformly distributed on one side of the connecting body, which is in contact with the anode of the battery plate, and a plurality of second air passages are uniformly distributed on one side of the connecting body, which is in contact with the cathode of the battery plate.
Preferably, the first air passage and the second air passage are grooves formed on both side surfaces of the connection body.
Preferably, the activated area of the cell plate is the same size as the flow channel area of the connector.
Preferably, the battery plate and the connecting body are both rectangular.
Preferably, the cell plate and the connector are square.
Preferably, the first air passage and the second air passage are both arranged along the width direction of the connecting body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell pile adopting partial countercurrent air flow distribution, which comprises a plurality of cell plates and connecting bodies which are stacked at intervals, wherein each cell plate comprises an electrolyte, an anode and a cathode which are arranged on two sides of the cell plate, a first air passage for circulating fuel gas is arranged on one side of each connecting body which is in contact with the anode of the cell plate, a second air passage for circulating air is arranged on one side of each connecting body which is in contact with the cathode of the cell plate, the first air passages and the second air passages are oppositely arranged, namely the first air passages and the second air passages which are in contact with the same cell plate are symmetrically arranged relative to the cell plate, the flowing directions of the fuel gas in the first air passages of two adjacent connecting bodies are opposite, and the flowing directions of the air in the second air passages of all the connecting bodies are the same, so that any two adjacent layers in the pile respectively adopt a cocurrent, the one deck that adopts the co-current air current distribution mode is at the more heat of the gas outlet region gathering of first air flue and second air flue, the one deck that adopts the counter-current air current distribution mode is at the regional more heat of the middle part gathering of panel, adjacent two-layer panel carries out the heat exchange through the connector, make heat distribution more even, avoid the pile heat to excessively concentrate in a certain region, thereby realize under the prerequisite of the regional area of the same battery activation, reduce the temperature gradient of pile, reduce the thermal stress, improve the electric efficiency of pile, improve the power output of whole pile, make the pile have better reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell stack utilizing partial counter-current gas flow distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a connector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
10, a battery plate; 11. an electrolyte; 12. an anode; 13. a cathode; 20. a linker; 21. a first air passage; 22. a second air passage.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a solid oxide fuel cell stack using partial countercurrent gas flow distribution according to the present invention is schematically shown, which includes a plurality of cell plates 10 and a plurality of connecting bodies 20, wherein the cell plates 10 and the connecting bodies 20 are arranged in a stacked manner at intervals. The battery plate 10 includes an electrolyte 11, and an anode 12 and a cathode 13 respectively disposed on both sides of the electrolyte 11. A first air passage 21 and a second air passage 22 are respectively disposed on two sides of the connecting body 20, the first air passage 21 is in contact with the anode 12 of the cell panel 10 and is used for flowing gas, the second air passage 22 is in contact with the cathode 13 of the cell panel 10 and is used for flowing air, and in this embodiment, the first air passage 21 and the second air passage 22 are preferably grooves formed on two side surfaces of the connecting body 20. The first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 are oppositely arranged, that is, the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 which are contacted with the same battery plate 10 are symmetrically arranged around the battery plate 10. Furthermore, the gas in the first air passage 21 has a specific flow direction, and the air in the second air passage 22 also has a specific flow direction. It is important that the flow directions of the gas in the first air passages 21 of two adjacent connecting bodies 20 are opposite, and the flow directions of the air in the second air passages 22 of all the connecting bodies 20 are the same.
Based on the solid oxide fuel cell stack adopting partial countercurrent air flow distribution, the flowing directions of fuel gas in the first air passages 21 of the two adjacent connecting bodies 20 are opposite, the flowing directions of air in the second air passages 22 of all the connecting bodies 20 are the same, so that any two adjacent cell plates 10 in the stack respectively adopt a cocurrent air flow distribution mode and a countercurrent air flow distribution mode, one layer adopting the cocurrent air flow distribution mode gathers more heat at the gas outlet areas of the first air passages 21 and the second air passages 22, one layer adopting the countercurrent air flow distribution mode gathers more heat at the middle area of the cell plates 10, the two adjacent cell plates 10 exchange heat through the connecting bodies 20, so that the heat distribution is more uniform, the heat of the stack is prevented from being excessively concentrated in a certain area, and the heat exchange is realized under the premise of the same cell activation area, the temperature gradient dT of the galvanic pile is reduced, the thermal stress is reduced, the electrical efficiency of the galvanic pile is improved, and the galvanic pile has better reliability.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery plate 10 and the connecting body 20 are square, and the battery plate 10 and the connecting body 20 have the same size. A large number of tests prove that under the condition of consistent operation working conditions (such as consistent maximum operation galvanic pile working temperature, power density, single-layer thickness and fuel utilization rate), the temperature gradient dT results of the galvanic piles in various air flow distribution modes are shown in table 1, and the electric conversion efficiency data of the galvanic piles are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 dT data for different cell active area lengths (square cells) with different gas flow distribution profiles
TABLE 1
TABLE 2 conversion efficiency data for different cell activation zone lengths (square cells) using different gas flow distribution profiles
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, the partial counter-current flow distribution method (partial counter-flow) adopted by the present invention has the advantages of smaller temperature gradient dT of the cell active region, higher electrical conversion efficiency under the same operation condition, and the effect of the advantage is more obvious when the size of the cell active region is larger.
Preferably, the connecting body 20 has a plurality of parallel first air passages 21, and the connecting body 20 has a plurality of parallel second air passages 22. Further preferably, the positions of the first air passages 21 and the second air passages 22 correspond to each other one by one, each first air passage 21 and the corresponding second air passage 22 are respectively located on two sides of the same position of the cell panel 10 to provide gas and air for the cell panel 10, and the arrangement of the first air passages 21 and the second air passages 22 can provide sufficient gas and air for the cell panel 10 to improve the use efficiency of the cell panel 10.
In a preferred embodiment, the first air passages 21 are uniformly distributed on the side of the connecting body 20 contacting with the anode 12 of the cell panel 10, and the second air passages 22 are uniformly distributed on the side of the connecting body 20 contacting with the cathode 13 of the cell panel 10, so that the uniformly distributed first air passages 21 and second air passages 22 can reasonably utilize the space of the cell panel 10, improve the utilization rate of fuel gas and air, further improve the electrical efficiency, and improve the power output of the whole stack.
Preferably, the activation area of the cell plate 10 is the same size as the flow channel area of the connector 20, so that the space of the activation area can be fully utilized.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the cell plate 10 and the connecting body 20 are rectangular, and the first air passage 21 and the second air passage 22 are both extended from one end of the connecting body 20 to the other end and also from one end of the cell plate 10 to the other end, so as to fully utilize the electrolyte 11 of the cell plate 10. Furthermore, the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 are both disposed along the width direction of the connecting body 20, and since the temperature gradient of the galvanic pile is formed along the extending direction of the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22, the disposition of the first air duct 21 and the second air duct 22 along the width direction of the connecting body 20 is more beneficial to reducing the temperature gradient than the disposition thereof along the length direction thereof.
Through a lot of experiments, the galvanic pile which is rectangular and adopts the partial countercurrent air flow distribution mode has similar effects with the galvanic pile which is square and adopts the partial countercurrent air flow distribution mode, and specific data are not listed.
In summary, in the solid oxide fuel cell stack adopting partial countercurrent gas flow distribution according to the present invention, the flow directions of the fuel gas in the first gas passages of the two adjacent connectors are opposite, and the flow directions of the air in the second gas passages of the two adjacent connectors are the same, so that the two adjacent layers in the stack respectively adopt the cocurrent gas flow distribution mode and the countercurrent gas flow distribution mode, one layer adopting the cocurrent gas flow distribution mode collects more heat at the gas outlet regions of the first gas passages and the second gas passages, the other layer adopting the countercurrent gas flow distribution mode collects more heat at the middle regions of the cell panels, the two adjacent cell panels exchange heat through the connectors, so that the heat distribution is more uniform, the heat of the stack is prevented from being excessively concentrated in a certain region, and the temperature gradient dT of the stack is reduced on the premise of the same cell activation region area, the thermal stress is reduced, the electric efficiency of the galvanic pile is improved, and the galvanic pile has better reliability and higher popularization and application values.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A solid oxide fuel cell pile adopting partial countercurrent airflow distribution is characterized by comprising a plurality of cell plates and connectors which are stacked at intervals, wherein each cell plate comprises an electrolyte, and an anode and a cathode which are respectively arranged on two sides of the electrolyte;
a first air passage for circulating fuel gas is arranged on one side of the connecting body, which is in contact with the anode of the battery plate, a second air passage for circulating air is arranged on one side of the connecting body, which is in contact with the cathode of the battery plate, and the first air passage and the second air passage are oppositely arranged;
the flowing directions of the fuel gas in the first air passages of two adjacent connecting bodies are opposite, and the flowing directions of the air in the second air passages of all the connecting bodies are the same.
2. The solid oxide fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein the connector has a plurality of the first gas passages arranged in parallel, and the connector has a plurality of the second gas passages arranged in parallel.
3. The solid oxide fuel cell stack of claim 2, wherein the first gas channels and the second gas channels are in one-to-one correspondence in position.
4. The solid oxide fuel cell stack of claim 2, wherein a plurality of the first gas channels are uniformly distributed on a side of the connecting body contacting the anode of the cell plate, and a plurality of the second gas channels are uniformly distributed on a side of the connecting body contacting the cathode of the cell plate.
5. The solid oxide fuel cell stack according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first gas passage and the second gas passage are grooves formed on both side surfaces of the connection body, and the sectional shape of the groove is not fixed.
6. The solid oxide fuel cell stack of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the active areas of the cell plates are the same size as the flow channel areas of the connecting bodies.
7. The solid oxide fuel cell stack of claim 6, wherein the cell plates and the connectors are each rectangular.
8. The solid oxide fuel cell stack of claim 6, wherein the cell plate and the connector are each square.
9. The solid oxide fuel cell stack of claim 7, wherein the first gas channel and the second gas channel are both disposed along a width direction of the connecting body.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911280562.5A CN111048817A (en) | 2019-12-12 | 2019-12-12 | Solid oxide fuel cell stack adopting partial countercurrent airflow distribution |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911280562.5A CN111048817A (en) | 2019-12-12 | 2019-12-12 | Solid oxide fuel cell stack adopting partial countercurrent airflow distribution |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115642269A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-01-24 | 浙江大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell structure and optimization design method thereof |
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| US20010028973A1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-10-11 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Stacking and manifolding of unitized solid oxide fuel cells |
| CN102714324A (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2012-10-03 | 托普索燃料电池股份有限公司 | Combined flow patterns in a fuel cell stack or an electrolysis cell stack |
| CN104795574A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-22 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Metal bipolar plates of fuel cell and fuel cell |
| CN106374120A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-01 | 西安交通大学 | Structure of self-sealed flat-shaped solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell |
| CN106410251A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-15 | 西安交通大学 | Removable plate-shaped battery series battery pack structure |
-
2019
- 2019-12-12 CN CN201911280562.5A patent/CN111048817A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010028973A1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-10-11 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Stacking and manifolding of unitized solid oxide fuel cells |
| CN102714324A (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2012-10-03 | 托普索燃料电池股份有限公司 | Combined flow patterns in a fuel cell stack or an electrolysis cell stack |
| CN104795574A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-22 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Metal bipolar plates of fuel cell and fuel cell |
| CN106374120A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-01 | 西安交通大学 | Structure of self-sealed flat-shaped solid oxide fuel cell/electrolytic cell |
| CN106410251A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-15 | 西安交通大学 | Removable plate-shaped battery series battery pack structure |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115642269A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-01-24 | 浙江大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell structure and optimization design method thereof |
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