CN117174982B - Air in-out stack distribution structure of fuel cell and in-out stack assembly thereof - Google Patents
Air in-out stack distribution structure of fuel cell and in-out stack assembly thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117174982B CN117174982B CN202311445755.8A CN202311445755A CN117174982B CN 117174982 B CN117174982 B CN 117174982B CN 202311445755 A CN202311445755 A CN 202311445755A CN 117174982 B CN117174982 B CN 117174982B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 120
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air in-out stack distribution structure of a fuel cell and an in-out stack assembly thereof, comprising: a stack in distribution assembly and a stack out distribution assembly, the stack in distribution assembly comprising: the air inlet pile distribution structure, the hydrogen inlet pile distribution structure and the cooling liquid inlet pile distribution structure are mutually overlapped and integrated; the pile-out distribution assembly comprises: the air outlet pile distribution structure, the hydrogen outlet pile distribution structure and the cooling liquid outlet pile distribution structure are mutually overlapped and integrated. The fuel cell air inlet and outlet stack distribution structure reduces the pressure drop of air inlet pressure of a plurality of stacks and distributes air uniformly; the fuel cell stack in-out stack assembly is provided with the fuel cell air in-out stack distribution structure and the water and hydrogen fuel distribution integrated structure, so that the whole structure of the system is simplified, the occupied space is reduced, and the assembly and the disassembly are more convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to an air stack inlet and outlet distribution structure of a fuel cell and a stack inlet and outlet assembly of the fuel cell.
Background
Fuel cell research is currently focused mainly on the field of automotive fuel cells, mainly on a single stack, but single stack fuel cells can provide limited power. The hydrogen energy is used as a future clean energy source, and along with the development of industry, the hydrogen energy can be gradually expanded in other fields, and the power of a fuel cell system can be continuously required to be higher, so that the megawatt-level requirement exists in the grid-connected power generation field at present. Fuel cell multi-stack integration is necessarily a trend in high power applications.
In an air distribution system of a fuel cell multi-stack integration; the air inlet and outlet of the single fuel cell adopts an independent structure to carry out air delivery and output, has high cost, complex system pipelines and more occupied space. Although there are distribution structures through integrated air inlets and outlets, there are a number of problems in the performance field: the design of the air flow channel is relatively simple, more direction change of air occurs in the pile entering distribution device, a flow guiding structure is also lacked, larger pressure drop can be generated, and larger energy loss is generated due to large air flow rate and air pressure drop, so that larger power loss is caused; in the specific flow channel design of the in-pile and out-pile distribution device, different pressure differences of air of all branches are not considered, different flow rates of the air flowing into all piles are different, the uniformity of air distribution can influence the uniformity of the performance of all piles, and further the uniformity and service life of the performance of the piles are influenced.
At present, an independent structure is generally adopted for the distribution structure of the fuel cell stack inlet and outlet, and the supply of hydrogen, air and condensed water all adopts the independent structure, so that the whole pipeline of the system is complex, the occupied space is large, and the installation is inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an air in-out stack distribution structure of a fuel cell, which reduces the pressure drop of air intake air pressure of multiple stacks and distributes air uniformly; and the air, water and hydrogen fuel distribution integrated structure with the structure simplifies the whole structure of the system, reduces the occupied space and is more convenient to install and detach.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an air in-out stack distribution structure of a fuel cell, comprising: an air in-stack distribution structure mounted at an air inlet of the fuel cell stack and an air out-stack distribution structure mounted at an air outlet of the fuel cell stack;
the air in-stack dispensing structure includes:
an air in-stack distribution body installed at an air inlet of the fuel cell stack;
an air distribution chamber disposed inside the air in-stack distribution body; the air distribution cavity comprises an inlet section, a flow dividing section and a tail negative pressure area which are sequentially communicated; a disturbing fluid is arranged at the inlet section; the split section comprises a plurality of split expansion cavities, each split expansion cavity is communicated through a narrow flow channel, an air split diversion port is arranged in each split expansion cavity, each air split diversion port is respectively communicated with an air inlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack, the first split expansion cavity is communicated with the inlet section, and the last split expansion cavity is communicated with the tail negative pressure area; the tail negative pressure area is arranged at the tail end;
and an air inlet port provided at the front end of the air inlet stack distribution body and communicating with the inlet section of the air distribution chamber.
Further, the cross section of the disturbing fluid is in a water drop-shaped structure, a water drop-shaped round head faces the inlet side, and a water drop-shaped tip faces the opposite diversion section.
Further, the section of the tail negative pressure area is of a circular cavity structure, and a middle column body is arranged in the middle of the circular cavity structure.
Further, the air distribution cavity adopts a cavity structure with two narrow ends and a wide middle part, and a diversion flow guide port is arranged in the middle part; and an inclined surface guide angle is adopted at the position of the diversion guide opening.
Further, the air out-stacking distribution structure comprises:
an air outlet stack distribution body mounted at an air outlet of the fuel cell stack;
the air collection cavity is arranged in the air outlet pile distribution main body; a plurality of confluence diversion openings are arranged in the air collection cavity at intervals, and each confluence diversion opening is respectively communicated with an air outlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack;
and the air outlet is arranged at the tail end of the air inlet pile distribution main body, is communicated with the outlet section of the air collection cavity, and is provided with a flow guide body.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a fuel cell stack assembly, including: the system comprises a stack inlet distribution assembly and a stack outlet distribution assembly, wherein the stack inlet distribution assembly is arranged at the input end of a fuel cell stack, and the stack outlet distribution assembly is arranged at the output end of the fuel cell stack;
the in-stack dispensing assembly includes: the air inlet pile distribution structure, the hydrogen inlet pile distribution structure and the cooling liquid inlet pile distribution structure are mutually overlapped and integrated;
the stack-out distribution assembly comprises: the air outlet pile distribution structure, the hydrogen outlet pile distribution structure and the cooling liquid outlet pile distribution structure are mutually overlapped and integrated.
Further, the hydrogen in-stack distribution structure comprises a hydrogen in-stack distribution main body, wherein a hydrogen distribution cavity is arranged in the hydrogen in-stack distribution main body, a plurality of hydrogen diversion flow guide ports are sequentially arranged in the hydrogen distribution cavity at intervals, and each hydrogen diversion flow guide port is respectively led to a hydrogen inlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack; the front end of the hydrogen gas inlet pile distribution main body is also provided with a hydrogen gas inlet which is communicated with the inlet section of the hydrogen gas distribution cavity.
Further, the cooling liquid in-pile distribution structure comprises a cooling liquid in-pile distribution main body, wherein a cooling liquid distribution cavity is arranged in the cooling liquid in-pile distribution main body, a plurality of cooling liquid diversion flow guide ports are sequentially arranged in the cooling liquid distribution cavity at intervals, and each cooling liquid diversion flow guide port is respectively led to a cooling liquid inlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack; the front end of the cooling liquid inlet pile distribution main body is also provided with a cooling liquid inlet which is communicated with the inlet section of the cooling liquid distribution cavity.
Further, the hydrogen gas stack discharging and distributing structure comprises a hydrogen gas stack discharging and distributing main body, wherein a hydrogen gas converging cavity is arranged in the hydrogen gas stack discharging and distributing main body, a plurality of hydrogen gas converging flow guide ports are sequentially arranged in the hydrogen gas converging cavity at intervals, and each hydrogen gas converging flow guide port is respectively led to a hydrogen gas outlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack; and a hydrogen output port is further arranged at the tail end of the hydrogen stack outlet distribution main body and is communicated with an outlet section of the hydrogen converging cavity.
Further, the cooling liquid discharging and stacking distribution structure comprises a cooling liquid discharging and stacking distribution main body, wherein a cooling liquid converging cavity is arranged in the cooling liquid discharging and stacking distribution main body, a plurality of cooling liquid converging flow guide ports are sequentially arranged in the cooling liquid converging cavity at intervals, and each cooling liquid converging flow guide port is respectively led to a cooling liquid outlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack; and a cooling liquid output port is further arranged at the tail end of the cooling liquid piling and distributing main body and is communicated with an outlet section of the cooling liquid converging cavity.
The beneficial effect of adopting this technical scheme is:
the air in-out stack distribution structure provided by the invention can lead the air inlet flow passage to be comprehensively low in pressure drop and guide, and the air in-out stack distribution device is divided into 3 parts for analysis: the inlet section adopts a design scheme of directly connecting a height-free flow channel, and the expected inlet pressure drop is reduced by 40-60% relative to a height-free flow channel; the shunt section is guided by a local expansion and an oblique angle, so that impedance reduction is comprehensively realized, and the expected reduction is reduced by 50%; the tail negative pressure area forms a vortex at the tail through guiding and turbulent flow, so that the inlet pressure of a tail end branch is increased; so that the end branch pressures correspond to the intermediate branch pressures. The air in-out stack distribution structure provided by the invention can improve the air flow distribution uniformity.
The fuel cell stack in-out stack assembly provided by the invention has the integrated structure of the fuel cell air in-out stack distribution structure and the water and hydrogen fuel distribution structure, so that the whole structure of the system is simplified, the occupied space is reduced, and the assembly and the disassembly are more convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the inside of an air-in-stack distribution structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the interior of the air-in-stack distribution structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the inside of the air-out-stack distribution structure according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the interior of the air-out-stack distribution structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the stacking dispensing assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the destacking assembly according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 is an assembly view of an in-stack distribution assembly and an out-stack distribution assembly on a fuel cell stack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
The air inlet pile distribution structure 1 is an air inlet pile distribution structure 2 is an air outlet pile distribution structure 11 is an air inlet pile distribution main body, 12 is an air distribution cavity, 13 is a disturbing fluid, 14 is a diversion expansion cavity, 15 is an air diversion flow port, 16 is a middle column, 17 is an inclined plane guide angle, and 18 is an air inlet; 21 is an air outlet pile distribution main body, 22 is an air collection cavity, 23 is a converging flow guide port, 24 is an air outlet port, and 25 is a flow guide body; the hydrogen gas inlet and outlet distribution structure is 3, the hydrogen gas outlet and outlet distribution structure is 4, the cooling liquid inlet and outlet distribution structure is 5, the cooling liquid outlet and outlet distribution structure is 6, the inlet and outlet distribution assembly is 7, the outlet and outlet distribution assembly is 8, and the fuel cell electric pile is 9.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention proposes an air in-out stack distribution structure of a fuel cell, including: an air in-stack distribution structure 1 and an air out-stack distribution structure 2, the air in-stack distribution structure 1 being mounted at an air inlet of the fuel cell stack 9, the air out-stack distribution structure 2 being mounted at an air outlet of the fuel cell stack 9;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the air in-stack distribution structure 1 includes:
an air in-stack distribution body 11 installed at an air inlet of the fuel cell stack 9;
an air distribution chamber 12 provided inside the air in-stack distribution body 11; the air distribution cavity 12 comprises an inlet section, a flow dividing section and a tail negative pressure area which are sequentially communicated; at the inlet section a disturbing fluid 13 is provided; the split section comprises a plurality of split expansion cavities 14, each split expansion cavity 14 is communicated through a narrow flow passage, an air split diversion opening 15 is arranged in each split expansion cavity 14, each air split diversion opening 15 is respectively communicated with an air inlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 9, the first split expansion cavity 14 is communicated with the inlet section, and the last split expansion cavity 14 is communicated with the tail negative pressure area; the tail negative pressure area is arranged at the tail end;
and an air input port 18 provided at the front end of the air inlet stack distribution body 11, communicating with the inlet section of the air distribution chamber 12.
As an optimization scheme of the above embodiment, the cross section of the turbulence body 13 is in a water drop structure, a water drop round head faces the inlet side, and a water drop tip faces the opposite diversion section, so as to reduce the inlet pressure drop.
As an optimization scheme of the embodiment, the section of the tail negative pressure area is of a circular cavity structure, and the middle part of the circular cavity structure is provided with an area for realizing transfer and reducing vortex by the middle column 16, so that the influence on the inlet pressure of the tail manifold is reduced.
As an optimization scheme of the above embodiment, the air distribution chamber 12 adopts a chamber structure with two narrow ends and a wide middle part, and a diversion flow guide port is arranged in the middle part; a chamfer 17 is used at the shunt conduction port to reduce pressure drop. The pressure drop loss during the split flow is reduced, so that the split flow speed change is smoother, and the pressure drop is small.
As an optimization scheme of the foregoing embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the air pile-out distribution structure 2 includes:
an air-out-stack distribution body 21 installed at an air outlet of the fuel cell stack 9;
an air collection chamber 22 provided inside the air-out-stack dispensing body 21; a plurality of confluence flow guide ports 23 are arranged in the air collection cavity 22 at intervals, and each confluence flow guide port 23 is respectively communicated with an air outlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 9;
and an air outlet 24 provided at the end of the air inlet stack distribution body 11, communicating to an outlet section of the air collection chamber 22 where a flow guide 25 is provided.
The principle of the invention is as follows: according to Bernoulli equation and energy conservation principle, identifying energy loss in the running process of fluid such as hydrogen, air, cooling liquid and the like of the fuel cell of the air compressor, and identifying that the air channel has larger pressure drop and flow simultaneously; the pressure drop can lead to larger power consumption, and in the invention, the design is focused on the pressure drop and the power consumption of the air circuit. The fuel cell energy efficiency boost is related to the air pressure drop. Through analysis of fluid energy loss, the energy consumption of air in the distribution structure is reduced through a scheme of adjusting impedance and flow velocity, and then the energy efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
For full low pressure drop operation of the air intake runner:
the fuel cell system is to increase power; the back pressure will rise to 2-2.5bar. The energy caused by the back pressure is necessarily consumed and cannot be reduced; the low pressure drop design of air distribution devices is therefore primarily targeted for air intake distribution devices. For this purpose, the invention adopts the following modes: the air distribution chamber 12 is directly connected with the air inlet, and only the branch way is turned; the tail end is provided with a tail negative pressure area for cyclone, negative pressure is transferred, and the inlet pressure of the branch is improved; the branch way is split, and the air distribution cavity 12 adopts a cavity structure with two narrow ends and a wide middle part, and performs oblique angle drainage through oblique angle transition; the shunt cavity is partially enlarged to realize shunt. Through the design and the cooperation, the overall low pressure drop of the air inlet flow channel can be realized, and the reduction of inlet pressure drop, partial pressure drop along the way and shunt pressure drop is realized.
Description of the end cyclone structure: a. the first question that was considered in the flow channel design was where the vortex region of the negative pressure region of the main flow channel would appear? The influence on the flow dividing channel needs to be reduced. b. According to simulation and design experience, the flow direction of the diversion port and the flow channel end is changed severely. c. A velocity vector map through the detection; the presence of a distinct vortex region at the shunt and at the tip is found; thus providing a tail negative pressure zone at the end. As the ends undergo severe directional changes, such as eddy currents; therefore, a rotary flow channel is designed, the direction of air entering the circular flow channel is adjusted through the guide block, and a turbulent flow column is arranged in the middle of the circular flow channel to assist in realizing air flow rotation; realizing cyclone negative pressure zone transfer.
Regarding the description of the shunt structure, the effect of the branch circuit is to shunt air to each pile, and the invention enlarges the shunt cavity and reduces the speed of the shunt inlet; the pressure drop is reduced comprehensively; the reduced impedance is greater than the increased impedance; the conservation expects that a 50% pressure drop is achieved locally.
Air is shunted into the electric pile through the pile feeding and distributing device; the air is converged by the pile-out distribution device after exiting the pile. The air in-stack distribution device is analyzed in 3 parts: the inlet section adopts a design scheme of directly connecting a height-free flow channel, and the expected inlet pressure drop is reduced by 40-60% relative to a height-free flow channel; the shunt section is guided by a local expansion and an oblique angle, so that impedance reduction is comprehensively realized, and the expected reduction is reduced by 50%; the tail negative pressure area forms a vortex at the tail through guiding and turbulent flow, so that the inlet pressure of a tail end branch is increased; so that the end branch pressures correspond to the intermediate branch pressures.
In order to cooperate with the implementation of the method of the present invention, based on the same inventive concept, as shown in fig. 5-7, the present invention further provides a stack assembly of fuel cells, including: a stack-in distribution assembly 7 and a stack-out distribution assembly 8, wherein the stack-in distribution assembly 7 is arranged at the input end of the fuel cell stack 9, and the stack-out distribution assembly 8 is arranged at the output end of the fuel cell stack 9;
the stacking distribution assembly 7 comprises: the air inlet pile distribution structure 1, the hydrogen inlet pile distribution structure 3 and the cooling liquid inlet pile distribution structure 5 are mutually overlapped and integrated;
the destacking distribution assembly 8 comprises: the air out-stack distribution structure 2, the hydrogen out-stack distribution structure 4 and the cooling liquid out-stack distribution structure 6 are mutually overlapped and integrated.
As an optimization scheme of the above embodiment, the hydrogen in-stack distribution structure 3 includes a hydrogen in-stack distribution main body, a hydrogen distribution cavity is provided in the hydrogen in-stack distribution main body, a plurality of hydrogen diversion flow guide ports are sequentially provided in the hydrogen distribution cavity at intervals, and each hydrogen diversion flow guide port is respectively led to a hydrogen inlet of a unit fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 9; the front end of the hydrogen gas inlet pile distribution main body is also provided with a hydrogen gas inlet which is communicated with the inlet section of the hydrogen gas distribution cavity.
As an optimization scheme of the above embodiment, the cooling liquid in-stack distribution structure 5 includes a cooling liquid in-stack distribution main body, a cooling liquid distribution cavity is provided in the cooling liquid in-stack distribution main body, a plurality of cooling liquid diversion flow guide ports are sequentially provided in the cooling liquid distribution cavity at intervals, and each cooling liquid diversion flow guide port is respectively led to a cooling liquid inlet of a unit fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 9; the front end of the cooling liquid inlet pile distribution main body is also provided with a cooling liquid inlet which is communicated with the inlet section of the cooling liquid distribution cavity.
As an optimization scheme of the above embodiment, the hydrogen stack discharging and distributing structure 4 includes a hydrogen stack discharging and distributing main body, a hydrogen converging cavity is provided in the hydrogen stack discharging and distributing main body, a plurality of hydrogen converging flow guide ports are sequentially provided in the hydrogen converging cavity at intervals, and each hydrogen converging flow guide port is respectively led to a hydrogen outlet of a unit fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 9; and a hydrogen output port is further arranged at the tail end of the hydrogen stack outlet distribution main body and is communicated with an outlet section of the hydrogen converging cavity.
As an optimization scheme of the above embodiment, the cooling liquid discharging and distributing structure 6 includes a cooling liquid discharging and distributing main body, a cooling liquid converging cavity is provided in the cooling liquid discharging and distributing main body, a plurality of cooling liquid converging flow guide ports are sequentially provided in the cooling liquid converging cavity at intervals, and each cooling liquid converging flow guide port is respectively led to a cooling liquid outlet of a unit fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 9; and a cooling liquid output port is further arranged at the tail end of the cooling liquid piling and distributing main body and is communicated with an outlet section of the cooling liquid converging cavity.
The air system in the fuel cell system is the system with highest parasitic power consumption; the air intake-based distribution structure of the present invention has a pressure drop of at least 5kpa at an air flow rate of 7100 slpm. The pressure drop of the air inlet is reduced by 5kpa, the direct energy consumption is reduced by 0.59Kw, and the power of the air compressor is reduced by 0.98Kw according to the efficiency of 60 percent of the air compressor; the rated power of the system is 120kw, and the efficiency is improved by 8.1 per mill.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. An air in-out stack distribution structure of a fuel cell, comprising: an air in-stack distribution structure (1) and an air out-stack distribution structure (2), wherein the air in-stack distribution structure (1) is arranged at an air inlet of a fuel cell stack (9), and the air out-stack distribution structure (2) is arranged at an air outlet of the fuel cell stack (9);
the air in-stack dispensing structure (1) comprises:
an air in-stack distribution body (11) installed at an air inlet of the fuel cell stack (9);
an air distribution chamber (12) provided inside the air in-stack distribution main body (11); the air distribution cavity (12) comprises an inlet section, a flow dividing section and a tail negative pressure area which are sequentially communicated; -a disturbing fluid (13) is provided at the inlet section; the split section comprises a plurality of split expansion cavities (14), each split expansion cavity (14) is communicated through a narrow flow passage, an air split guide opening (15) is arranged in each split expansion cavity (14), each air split guide opening (15) is respectively communicated with an air inlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack (9), the first split expansion cavity (14) is communicated with the inlet section, and the last split expansion cavity (14) is communicated with the tail negative pressure area; the tail negative pressure area is arranged at the tail end;
the cross section of the turbulence body (13) is of a water drop-shaped structure, a water drop-shaped round head faces the inlet side, and a water drop-shaped tip faces the opposite diversion section; the section of the tail negative pressure area is of a circular cavity structure, and an intermediate column (16) is arranged in the middle of the circular cavity structure; the air distribution cavity (12) adopts a cavity structure with two narrow ends and a wide middle part, and a diversion flow guide port is arranged in the middle part; an inclined surface guide angle (17) is adopted at the shunt guide opening;
and an air inlet (18) provided at the front end of the air inlet stack distribution body (11) and communicating with the inlet section of the air distribution chamber (12).
2. The air in-out stack distribution structure of a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the air out-stack distribution structure (2) comprises:
an air outlet distribution body (21) installed at an air outlet of the fuel cell stack (9);
an air collection chamber (22) provided inside the air-out-stack distribution main body (21); a plurality of confluence flow guide ports (23) are arranged in the air collection cavity (22) at intervals, and each confluence flow guide port (23) is respectively communicated with an air outlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack (9);
and an air outlet (24) provided at the end of the air inlet stack distribution body (11), an outlet section communicating to the air collection chamber (22), and a flow guide body (25) provided at the outlet section.
3. A fuel cell stack assembly comprising: comprising the following steps: the system comprises a stack inlet distribution assembly (7) and a stack outlet distribution assembly (8), wherein the stack inlet distribution assembly (7) is arranged at the input end of a fuel cell stack (9), and the stack outlet distribution assembly (8) is arranged at the output end of the fuel cell stack (9);
the stacking distribution assembly (7) comprises: the air-in-stack distribution structure (1), the hydrogen-in-stack distribution structure (3) and the cooling liquid-in-stack distribution structure (5) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the air-in-stack distribution structure (1), the hydrogen-in-stack distribution structure (3) and the cooling liquid-in-stack distribution structure (5) are mutually overlapped and integrated;
the destacking distribution assembly (8) comprises: the air out-stack distribution structure (2), the hydrogen out-stack distribution structure (4) and the cooling liquid out-stack distribution structure (6) according to claim 1 or 2 are mutually overlapped and integrated.
4. A fuel cell stack in-out assembly according to claim 3, wherein the hydrogen stack in-out distribution structure (3) comprises a hydrogen stack in-out distribution main body, a hydrogen distribution cavity is arranged in the hydrogen stack in-out distribution main body, a plurality of hydrogen diversion flow guide ports are sequentially arranged in the hydrogen distribution cavity at intervals, and each hydrogen diversion flow guide port is respectively led to a hydrogen inlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack (9); the front end of the hydrogen gas inlet pile distribution main body is also provided with a hydrogen gas inlet which is communicated with the inlet section of the hydrogen gas distribution cavity.
5. A fuel cell stack in-out assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that the cooling liquid stack in-out distribution structure (5) comprises a cooling liquid stack in-out distribution main body, a cooling liquid distribution cavity is arranged in the cooling liquid stack in-out distribution main body, a plurality of cooling liquid diversion flow guide ports are sequentially arranged in the cooling liquid distribution cavity at intervals, and each cooling liquid diversion flow guide port is respectively led to a cooling liquid inlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack (9); the front end of the cooling liquid inlet pile distribution main body is also provided with a cooling liquid inlet which is communicated with the inlet section of the cooling liquid distribution cavity.
6. A fuel cell stack in-out assembly according to claim 3, wherein the hydrogen stack out-distributing structure (4) comprises a hydrogen stack out-distributing main body, a hydrogen converging cavity is arranged in the hydrogen stack out-distributing main body, a plurality of hydrogen converging flow guide ports are sequentially arranged in the hydrogen converging cavity at intervals, and each hydrogen converging flow guide port is respectively led to a hydrogen outlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack (9); and a hydrogen output port is further arranged at the tail end of the hydrogen stack outlet distribution main body and is communicated with an outlet section of the hydrogen converging cavity.
7. A fuel cell stack in-out assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that the cooling liquid stack out distribution structure (6) comprises a cooling liquid stack out distribution main body, a cooling liquid converging cavity is arranged in the cooling liquid stack out distribution main body, a plurality of cooling liquid converging flow guide ports are sequentially arranged in the cooling liquid converging cavity at intervals, and each cooling liquid converging flow guide port is respectively communicated with a cooling liquid outlet of a single fuel cell in the fuel cell stack (9); and a cooling liquid output port is further arranged at the tail end of the cooling liquid piling and distributing main body and is communicated with an outlet section of the cooling liquid converging cavity.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311445755.8A CN117174982B (en) | 2023-11-02 | 2023-11-02 | Air in-out stack distribution structure of fuel cell and in-out stack assembly thereof |
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| CN202311445755.8A CN117174982B (en) | 2023-11-02 | 2023-11-02 | Air in-out stack distribution structure of fuel cell and in-out stack assembly thereof |
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| CN117174982B true CN117174982B (en) | 2024-01-23 |
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