CN113339031A - Roadway support process system under extremely soft stratum condition and construction method - Google Patents
Roadway support process system under extremely soft stratum condition and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113339031A CN113339031A CN202110832604.2A CN202110832604A CN113339031A CN 113339031 A CN113339031 A CN 113339031A CN 202110832604 A CN202110832604 A CN 202110832604A CN 113339031 A CN113339031 A CN 113339031A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
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Abstract
The invention relates to a roadway support process system under an extremely soft stratum condition, wherein a vault is of a semicircular arch or arc arch section, a bottom plate is of a three-center arch section, a vault surrounding rock anchored by a first high-strength anchor rod and a vault surrounding rock reinforced by a first steel strand anchor rope form a support arch, a bottom plate anchor net is arranged between a concrete primary spraying layer and a concrete secondary spraying layer, the outer end parts of a second high-strength anchor rod and a second steel strand anchor rope penetrate through the bottom plate anchor net and are pre-embedded in the concrete secondary spraying layer, and an inverted bottom arch is formed by the bottom plate surrounding rock anchored by the second high-strength anchor rod, the bottom plate surrounding rock reinforced by the second steel strand anchor rope, the concrete primary spraying layer and the concrete secondary spraying layer. Also provides a construction method of the roadway support process system under the extremely soft stratum condition. The invention has the following beneficial effects: through the interaction among the vault, the two straight walls and the bottom plate, the supporting effect of the roadway is ensured, the safety and reliability are improved, the construction labor intensity is improved, the construction period is shortened, and a good economic effect is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a roadway support process system under an extremely soft stratum condition, and belongs to the technical field of roadway support.
Background
With the increase of the mining scale and the development of the mining of the mine to deepening, the problems of soft rock roadway construction and support are increasingly prominent, and the safety production of the mine is always seriously disturbed. The problems of roadway construction and maintenance under special conditions become increasingly prominent and become one of the important factors influencing and restricting the development of the coal industry in China. The conventional supporting method can not meet the requirement of safe production. The research of effective and economical soft rock support systems is an urgent problem to be solved in current production.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects in the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: in order to solve one of the problems, a roadway support process system under the condition of an extremely soft stratum is provided.
The invention relates to a roadway support process system under the condition of an extremely soft stratum, which is characterized in that: the tunnel comprises a tunnel, the tunnel cross-section includes vault, two-sided straight wall and bottom plate, and vault, two-sided straight wall and bottom plate interconnect enclose synthetic tunnel, vault semicircle arch or circular arc arch section, the bottom plate is three heart arch sections, forms a support arch through the vault country rock of first high-strength anchor rod anchor and the vault country rock of first steel strand wires anchor rope reinforcement, and the inner wall of bottom plate country rock sprays the concrete and spouts the layer just, concrete is spouted the layer upper surface once and has the concrete and spout the layer again, has the bottom plate anchor net between concrete is spouted layer and the concrete and spouts the layer again, and the outer tip of second high-strength anchor rod and second steel strand wires anchor rope all passes bottom plate anchor net pre-buried in the concrete spouts the layer again, through bottom plate country rock of second high-strength anchor rod anchor, reinforced bottom plate country rock of second steel strand wires anchor rope, concrete and spout the layer again and form anti-bottom arch.
Preferably, both ends of the concrete re-spraying layer extend upwards to form a side wall concrete spraying layer, the straight wall surrounding rock anchored by the third high-strength anchor rod and the straight wall surrounding rock reinforced by the third steel strand anchor cable form a supporting straight wall, and the outer end parts of the third high-strength anchor rod and the third steel strand anchor cable are embedded in the side wall concrete spraying layer in advance.
Preferably, the thickness of the concrete primary spraying layer is 100 mm; the thickness of the concrete spraying layer is 100 mm; and (3) spraying the side wall concrete spraying layer to be 200mm above the coal-rock interface, spraying to the shoulder pit along the empty side, wherein the spraying thickness is 80mm, and the spraying concrete is marked as C20.
Preferably, 3 first steel strand anchor cables are arranged at each row of the vault, each anchor cable is a phi 17.8 multiplied by 7000mm steel strand anchor cable, the anchor cables are constructed by matching with anchor cable beams, the anchor cable beams are processed by BHW280-3.75 steel belts (the hole pitch is 1600 mm), and the row pitch between the anchor cables is 1200 multiplied by 1600 mm;
respectively drilling a second steel strand anchor cable with the diameter of 17.8 multiplied by 5000mm on two vertical walls of the roadway, wherein the row spacing between the anchor cables is 1600mm, and the anchor cable is matched with an anchor cable disc with the diameter of 400 multiplied by 12mm for use;
and 5 third steel strand anchor cables with the diameter of 17.8 multiplied by 5000mm are arranged in each row of the bottom plate, the row spacing between the anchor cables is 1200 multiplied by 1600mm, the roadway bottom plate and the bottom angle anchor cables are matched with 300 multiplied by 12mm anchor cable discs for use, the anchor cables and the bottom plate anchor net support are constructed synchronously, and the construction is carried out after the inverted bottom arch is initially sprayed.
Preferably, the full-section adopts phi 20 multiplied by 2800mm high-strength anchor rods, the row spacing between the full-section anchor rods is 700 multiplied by 800mm, wherein the top anchor rod and the upper anchor rod are matched with a steel belt protection plate of 450 multiplied by 280mm and an anchor rod disc of 150 multiplied by 10mm for use, and the anchor rods below a coal-rock interface and the inverted arch anchor rods are matched with the anchor rod disc of 150 multiplied by 10mm for use.
Preferably, the towed head-on of the upper anchor rod does not exceed 3 meshes; the head-on of the anchor cable after being dragged does not exceed 30 m; the construction of the inverted arch can not be dragged to the tail of the belt conveyor, and the anchor cable is constructed next to the head when the top plate is broken.
The construction method of the roadway support process system under the extremely soft stratum condition is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: according to the production geological conditions of the tunnel engineering, the tunnel section adopts a vault with a semicircular arch or arc arch section and a bottom plate with a three-centered arch section, and the section size of the arch tunnel is reasonably determined by adopting a theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method;
step S2: constructing a support arch;
step S3: constructing a supporting straight wall;
step S4: and (5) constructing an inverted arch.
The step S4, the construction of the inverted arch, includes the following steps:
when the bottom plate has no muddy water, firstly installing an inverted bottom arch anchor rod, then carrying out primary spraying, installing a metal net and a steel ladder after primary setting, then fastening by an anchor rod disc, and finally carrying out secondary spraying to the designed size to form a roadway; when muddy water exists on the bottom plate, primary spraying is carried out, then the inverted arch anchor rod is installed, the metal net and the steel ladder are installed after primary setting, then the anchor rod plate is fastened, and finally re-spraying is carried out to the designed size to form a roadway. After the concrete is sprayed, the concrete must be maintained and protected to prevent the bearing from being damaged when the concrete does not reach the designed strength;
preferably, in order to prevent water for anchor hole construction from influencing a bottom plate and smoothly discharging waste rocks, compressed air is adopted for discharging rock powder during drilling, an anchor rod drilling machine is adopted for anchor hole construction of a roadway bottom plate, rock powder in holes must be completely blown after hole forming, resin anchoring agents are put into the holes, cement paste is poured into the holes, an anchor rod body is poured, then torque detection is carried out, and the next procedure construction can be carried out when the design requirements are met;
preferably, before the initial spraying, the accumulated water of sludge and rock powder generated by bolting the bottom plate during construction are cleaned. After the initial spraying, the guniting layer is covered by a piece of flower rain cloth, so that construction waste rocks and impurities are prevented from falling on the surface of the guniting layer, and the quality of the re-spraying is prevented from being influenced.
The method for spraying concrete comprises the following steps:
before the guniting, firstly, the safety condition of a spraying place and the specification of a roadway are checked, dangerous rock hanging waste rocks of a section to be sprayed are found out by using a long-handle tool, the part with underexcavated rock is processed according to the design requirement, an anchor rod of the section to be sprayed is fastened again, then, the rock upper is flushed by using high-pressure air (water), and a section of soft rock and easily weatherable rock (except easily-expanded rock) is flushed by one section of spraying.
Before the guniting, all equipment must be checked, and power and compressed air tests are carried out when no problem exists, so that normal operation (namely idle operation) is ensured.
(III) the guniting machine driver should be responsible for strong heart, know the used guniting machine performance, and can disassemble to overhaul and change pieces to be taken by the personnel trained by the technology, and the operation sequence is as follows: starting up: blowing air → boiling water → power supply → charging, stopping: stopping material → stopping power → stopping water → stopping wind.
And (IV) the spraying hand is taken by a worker who can master the spraying technology and the operation procedure skillfully and is trained by the technology, the spraying hand is closely matched with the auxiliary hand, and the auxiliary hand observes the spraying condition and indicates the spraying position and direction by signals in time.
(V) injection sequence: the bottom, the wall and the arch are sequentially arranged, the concave and the convex are sequentially arranged, and the stubble connecting position of each two sections is formed into oblique crossing stubble.
And (VI) during the spraying operation, workers need to wear gloves, protective glasses and dust masks.
And (seventhly), during spraying, the spray head is required to be vertical to the rock surface, the minimum angle is not less than 65 degrees during top spraying, the distance between the spray head and the rock surface is 0.6-1 m, if a crack low recess is met, the spray head is firstly sprayed and filled, then normal spraying is carried out, the spray head generally runs according to a spiral track, the diameter of a spiral ring is 300mm, the spray head is uniformly and slowly moved by half a circle, sections are divided before guniting and are sequentially carried out, the sections are generally divided into 1.5-2 m, and stubbles in adjacent sections are obliquely crossed and jointed.
(eight) when taking place to block up the pipe or stop the wind suddenly, when having a power failure, should stop feeding in advance and close shower nozzle water valve, the shower nozzle should place downwards, and the place ahead of spray gun mouth and near must not have other personnel, will adopt the strike method mediation, if blow with high-pressure wind, its wind pressure is accurate to be over 0.4MPa, and personnel will tightly embrace the shower nozzle, and the spout will be below, and is not suitable for people or what look at with the eye.
And (ninthly), comprehensive dust prevention is adopted, ventilation is enhanced, and dust concentration is reduced as much as possible.
And (ten) cleaning the inside of the container before the container is filled with the guniting material for container transportation.
And eleventh, when the shotcrete machine is moved, people should be well matched with each other so as to prevent people from being injured by mistake.
And (twelfth) before guniting, all electrical equipment, air ducts, cables, air and water pipelines and the like need to be covered and protected to prevent the rebound materials from falling on the surfaces to cause pollution during guniting.
(thirteen) after one injection, the rebound should be collected immediately and the current day mix should be taken clean. When the spraying work is finished, the spray head must be detached, and the water ring and all mortar or materials inside and outside the spraying machine must be cleaned.
And (fourteen) after the spraying work is finished, the spraying layer must be continuously watered and maintained for more than 28 days, 1 time of watering each shift within 7 days, 1 time of watering each shift after 7 days, after one time of spraying is finished, the rebounding materials should be immediately collected, and the materials should be completely mixed at the shift. When the spraying work is finished, the spray head must be detached, and the water ring and all mortar or materials inside and outside the spraying machine must be cleaned.
And (fifteen), rock slope cleaning is required before spraying, float waste rock is cleaned, and the spraying is uniform without cracks and skirt-penetrating bare feet.
Sixthly, before guniting, a wire needs to be pulled to ensure that the roadway is smooth and flat.
(seventeen) a treatment method for water gushing during roadway guniting, which comprises the following steps: the water guide pipe with the diameter of 25mm is embedded in advance to lead out water, and the water guide pipe needs to lead the water into the water sump and then carries out guniting.
Preferably, the inverted arch anchor rod requires that an anchoring agent is matched with cement paste for full-length anchoring, and the process flow is as follows: firstly, 2 MSZ2570 resin anchoring agents are put into a drilled hole, then cement paste with a water-cement ratio of 1:1 is injected into the drilled hole (the drilled hole is filled with the cement paste, and an accelerator is added into the cement paste, wherein the using amount of the accelerator is 5-8% of that of the cement), and then an anchor rod is injected;
the sprayed concrete is marked as C20, and the mixture ratio is cement: sand: pebble = 1: 2.5: 1.5 (weight ratio) and a water-cement ratio of 0.45. The cement is P.O42.5 ordinary portland cement, the sand is pure river sand, the diameter of stone particles is 5-10 mm, and the stone particles are sieved and washed clean by water.
The type of the accelerator is J85 type, the initial setting time is less than or equal to 3min, the final setting time is less than or equal to 5min, the doping amount is generally 5-8% of the weight of the cement, when the cement is sprayed on a water area, the doping amount of the accelerator can be increased according to the needs, and the accelerator needs to be uniformly added at a feeding port of a spraying machine.
Installing an inverted arch anchor rod: after the anchor rod eye is drilled, accumulated water and sundries in the eye are blown clean by means of compressed air by using an eye blower made of a steel pipe with the outer diameter of phi 15mm, a resin anchoring agent is placed in the anchor rod eye, cement paste with the water-cement ratio of 1:1 (cement paste fills a drilled hole, accelerator in the cement paste accounts for 5-8% of the cement) is injected into the hole, the anchor rod is inserted into the anchor rod eye, an ZQS-502.5S pneumatic handheld drilling machine is used for installing the anchor rod, the anchor rod is pushed to the bottom of the hole while being pushed and stirred during installation, the stirring is strictly forbidden after being pushed, the stirring time is 20-35S, and the waiting time is 480S. After the anchor rod is installed, an MQT-130 type anchor rod drilling machine can be used for being matched with a torque amplifier for fastening, and if the torque force is insufficient after fastening, a manual wrench is used for increasing the torque of the anchor rod to 350 N.m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the roadway support process system and the construction method under the extremely soft stratum condition ensure the support effect of the roadway, improve the safety and reliability, improve the construction labor intensity, shorten the construction period and obtain good economic effect through the interaction among the vault, the two straight walls and the bottom plate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the detailed description of the invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or portions are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the concrete spraying device comprises a roadway 1.1, a vault 1.2, a straight wall 1.3, a bottom plate 2, a first high-strength anchor rod 3, a first steel strand anchor cable 4, a concrete primary spraying layer 5, a concrete secondary spraying layer 6, a second high-strength anchor rod 7, a second steel strand anchor cable 8, a bottom plate anchor net 9, a third high-strength anchor rod 10, a third steel strand anchor cable 11 and a side wall concrete spraying layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the roadway support process system under the extremely soft stratum condition comprises a roadway 1, the cross section of the roadway 1 comprises a vault 1.1, two straight walls 1.2 and a bottom plate 1.3, the vault 1.1, the two straight walls 1.2 and the bottom plate 1.3 are connected with each other to enclose a synthetic roadway, the vault 1.1 is a semicircular arch or an arc arch section, the bottom plate 1.3 is a three-core arch section, vault 1.1 surrounding rock anchored by a first high-strength anchor rod 2 and vault 1.1 surrounding rock reinforced by a first steel strand anchor cable 3 form a supporting arch, the inner wall of the bottom plate 1.3 surrounding rock is sprayed with a concrete primary spraying layer 4, the upper surface of the concrete primary spraying layer 4 is provided with a concrete re-spraying layer 5, a bottom plate anchor net 8 is arranged between the concrete primary spraying layer 4 and the concrete re-spraying layer 5, the outer end parts of a second high-strength anchor rod 6 and a second steel strand anchor cable 7 penetrate through the anchor net 8 and the bottom plate and the concrete re-spraying layer 5 and are embedded in the concrete re-spraying layer 5, and the second high-spraying layer anchor 1.6 and the bottom plate 3, And the bottom plate 1.3 reinforced by the second steel strand anchor cable 7, the surrounding rock, the concrete primary sprayed layer 4 and the concrete secondary sprayed layer 5 form an inverted bottom arch.
In the embodiment, two ends of the concrete re-spraying layer 5 extend upwards to form a side wall concrete spraying layer 11, a straight wall 1.2 surrounding rock anchored by a third high-strength anchor rod 9 and a straight wall 1.2 surrounding rock reinforced by a third steel strand anchor cable 10 form a supporting straight wall, and the outer end parts of the third high-strength anchor rod 9 and the third steel strand anchor cable 10 are embedded in the side wall concrete spraying layer 11; the thickness of the concrete primary spraying layer 4 is 100 mm; the thickness of the concrete spraying layer 5 is 100 mm; spraying slurry on the side wall concrete spraying layer 11 until the slurry is 200mm above the coal-rock interface, spraying the slurry to the shoulder pit along the empty side, wherein the spraying thickness is 80mm, and the spraying concrete is marked as C20; 3 first steel strand anchor cables 3 are arranged at each row of the vault 1.1, the anchor cables are phi 17.8 multiplied by 7000mm steel strand anchor cables, the anchor cables are constructed by matching with anchor cable beams, the anchor cable beams are processed by BHW280-3.75 steel belts at a hole pitch of 1600mm, and the row pitch between the anchor cables is 1200 multiplied by 1600 mm;
respectively arranging a second steel strand anchor cable 7 with the diameter of 17.8 multiplied by 5000mm on the two vertical walls 1.2 of the roadway, wherein the row spacing between the anchor cables is 1600mm, and the anchor cable is matched with an anchor cable disc with the diameter of 400 multiplied by 12mm for use;
arranging 5 third steel strand anchor cables 10 with the diameter of 17.8 multiplied by 5000mm in each row on a bottom plate 1.3, wherein the row spacing between the anchor cables is 1200 multiplied by 1600mm, the roadway bottom plate and the bottom angle anchor cables are matched with anchor cable discs with the diameter of 300 multiplied by 12mm for use, the anchor cables and a bottom plate anchor net 8 are supported and constructed synchronously, and the construction is carried out after the primary spraying of an inverted arch; the full-section adopts phi 20 multiplied by 2800mm high-strength anchor rods, the row spacing between the anchor rods of the full-section is 700 multiplied by 800mm, wherein the anchor rods of the top and the upper parts are matched with a steel belt guard plate of 450 multiplied by 280mm and an anchor rod disc of 150 multiplied by 10mm for use, and the anchor rods below the coal-rock interface and the inverted arch anchor rods are matched with the anchor rod disc of 150 multiplied by 10mm for use; the rear head-on of the side anchor rod is not more than 3 meshes; the head-on of the anchor cable after being dragged does not exceed 30 m; the construction of the inverted arch can not be dragged to the tail of the belt conveyor, and the anchor cable is constructed next to the head when the top plate is broken.
The second embodiment is a construction method of the roadway support process system under the extremely soft stratum condition, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: step S1: according to the production geological conditions of the tunnel engineering, the tunnel section adopts an arch crown 1.1 with a semicircular arch or circular arc arch section and a bottom plate 1.3 with a three-center arch section, and the section size of the arch tunnel is reasonably determined by adopting a theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method; step S2: constructing a support arch; step S3: constructing a supporting straight wall; step S4: and (5) constructing an inverted arch.
In this embodiment, the step S4 of constructing the inverted arch specifically includes the following steps: when the bottom plate has no muddy water, firstly installing an inverted bottom arch anchor rod, then carrying out primary spraying, installing a metal net and a steel ladder after primary setting, then fastening by an anchor rod disc, and finally carrying out secondary spraying to the designed size to form a roadway; when muddy water exists on the bottom plate, primary spraying is carried out, then the inverted arch anchor rod is installed, the metal net and the steel ladder are installed after primary setting, then the anchor rod plate is fastened, and finally re-spraying is carried out to the designed size to form a roadway. After the sprayed concrete is finished, the concrete must be maintained and protected, and the bearing is prevented from being damaged when the concrete does not reach the designed strength.
In the embodiment, in order to prevent water for anchor hole construction from influencing a bottom plate and smoothly discharging waste rocks, compressed air is adopted for discharging rock powder during drilling, an anchor rod drilling machine is adopted for anchor hole construction of a roadway bottom plate, rock powder in holes must be blown clean after hole forming, resin anchoring agents are put into the holes, cement paste is poured into the holes, anchor rod bodies are poured, then torque detection is carried out, and construction of the next procedure can be carried out if the design requirements are met;
in this embodiment, before just spouting, the silt ponding that causes and the rock powder clean up that the stock produced when the bottom plate construction. After the initial spraying, the guniting layer is covered by a piece of flower rain cloth, so that construction waste rocks and impurities are prevented from falling on the surface of the guniting layer, and the quality of the re-spraying is prevented from being influenced.
Before the shotcrete, firstly, the safety condition and the roadway specification of a shotcrete site are checked, dangerous rock hanging waste rocks of a section to be sprayed are found out by using a long-handle tool, the part with underexcavated rock is processed according to the design requirement, an anchor rod of the section to be sprayed is fastened again, then, high-pressure air (water) is used for flushing the rock slope, and a section of soft rock and easily weatherable rock (except easily expandable rock) is flushed and sprayed.
Before the guniting, all equipment must be checked, and power and compressed air tests are carried out when no problem exists, so that normal operation (namely idle operation) is ensured.
(III) the guniting machine driver should be responsible for strong heart, know the used guniting machine performance, and can disassemble to overhaul and change pieces to be taken by the personnel trained by the technology, and the operation sequence is as follows: starting up: blowing air → boiling water → power supply → charging, stopping: stopping material → stopping power → stopping water → stopping wind.
And (IV) the spraying hand is taken by a worker who can master the spraying technology and the operation procedure skillfully and is trained by the technology, the spraying hand is closely matched with the auxiliary hand, and the auxiliary hand observes the spraying condition and indicates the spraying position and direction by signals in time.
(V) injection sequence: the bottom, the wall and the arch are sequentially arranged, the concave and the convex are sequentially arranged, and the stubble connecting position of each two sections is formed into oblique crossing stubble.
And (VI) during the spraying operation, workers need to wear gloves, protective glasses and dust masks.
And (seventhly), during spraying, the spray head is required to be vertical to the rock surface, the minimum angle is not less than 65 degrees during top spraying, the distance between the spray head and the rock surface is 0.6-1 m, if a crack low recess is met, the spray head is firstly sprayed and filled, then normal spraying is carried out, the spray head generally runs according to a spiral track, the diameter of a spiral ring is 300mm, the spray head is uniformly and slowly moved by half a circle, sections are divided before guniting and are sequentially carried out, the sections are generally divided into 1.5-2 m, and stubbles in adjacent sections are obliquely crossed and jointed.
(eight) when taking place to block up the pipe or stop the wind suddenly, when having a power failure, should stop feeding in advance and close shower nozzle water valve, the shower nozzle should place downwards, and the place ahead of spray gun mouth and near must not have other personnel, will adopt the strike method mediation, if blow with high-pressure wind, its wind pressure is accurate to be over 0.4MPa, and personnel will tightly embrace the shower nozzle, and the spout will be below, and is not suitable for people or what look at with the eye.
And (ninthly), comprehensive dust prevention is adopted, ventilation is enhanced, and dust concentration is reduced as much as possible.
And (ten) cleaning the inside of the container before the container is filled with the guniting material for container transportation.
And eleventh, when the shotcrete machine is moved, people should be well matched with each other so as to prevent people from being injured by mistake.
And (twelfth) before guniting, all electrical equipment, air ducts, cables, air and water pipelines and the like need to be covered and protected to prevent the rebound materials from falling on the surfaces to cause pollution during guniting.
(thirteen) after one injection, the rebound should be collected immediately and the current day mix should be taken clean. When the spraying work is finished, the spray head must be detached, and the water ring and all mortar or materials inside and outside the spraying machine must be cleaned.
And (fourteen) after the spraying work is finished, the spraying layer must be continuously watered and maintained for more than 28 days, 1 time of watering each shift within 7 days, 1 time of watering each shift after 7 days, after one time of spraying is finished, the rebounding materials should be immediately collected, and the materials should be completely mixed at the shift. When the spraying work is finished, the spray head must be detached, and the water ring and all mortar or materials inside and outside the spraying machine must be cleaned.
And (fifteen), rock slope cleaning is required before spraying, float waste rock is cleaned, and the spraying is uniform without cracks and skirt-penetrating bare feet.
Sixthly, before guniting, a wire needs to be pulled to ensure that the roadway is smooth and flat.
(seventeen) a treatment method for water gushing during roadway guniting, which comprises the following steps: the water guide pipe with the diameter of 25mm is embedded in advance to lead out water, and the water guide pipe needs to lead the water into the water sump and then carries out guniting.
In this example, the specification and technical requirements of the supporting material
1. Anchor rod: phi 20 multiplied by 2800mm left-handed screw rolling anchor rod without longitudinal ribs; the torque requirement of the anchor rod is not lower than 350 N.m, and the designed anchoring force is not less than 160kN (30 MPa); the exposed length of the anchor rod is 10-50 mm, and the anchor rod tray is pressed by a Q345B steel plate, and the specification is 150 multiplied by 10 mm; the depression angle a =15 ~ 30 ° of the base angle stock, apart from the base plate stock interval be not more than 500 mm.
2. Anchor rope: the common steel strand anchor cable with the diameter of 17.8 multiplied by 7000mm and the common steel strand anchor cable with the diameter of 17.8 multiplied by 5000mm are respectively of a 1 multiplied by 19 structure and a 1 multiplied by 7 structure, and the elongation is more than or equal to 7 percent; the pretightening force of the anchor cable is not less than 150kN (30 MPa), and the anchoring force is not less than 350 kN; the exposed length of the anchor cable is 150-250 mm. The anchor cable tray is pressed by a Q345B steel plate, the specification of the upper part is 400 multiplied by 12mm, and the specification of the bottom plate and the bottom angle is 300 multiplied by 12 mm.
3. Metal mesh: the mesh of the metal net made of round steel with the diameter of 6mm is 100 multiplied by 100mm, the metal net is directly connected with the net through the reserved net rib in a butt joint mode, the net rib is reversely bent not less than 360 degrees, and the lapping amount of the metal net of the bottom plate is reserved for the anchor net at the bottom angle of the upper part.
4. Steel ladder: the steel ladder is made of Q235 round steel with the diameter of 12mm, the width of the steel ladder is 80mm, the length of the steel ladder is 3600mm, stubble pressing lap joints are adopted between the steel ladders, the lap joint amount is 200mm, and the anchor rod must be constructed in a steel ladder hole.
5. Resin anchoring agent: 2 resin anchoring agents (1 MSCKb2550 type +1 MSZ2570 type) are used for each top anchor rod and each side anchor rod, and the MSCKb2550 type resin anchoring agents are placed at the bottom of a hole (the MSCKa2550 type is used as the bottom resin anchoring agent under the condition that a top plate has water); 2 resin anchoring agents (MSZ2570 type) are used for each floor anchor rod; each anchor cable uses 3 resin anchoring agents (MSZ2570 type); msckb (a) model 2550 stirring time: 8-15 s, waiting time: 10-30 s; MSZ2570 type stirring time: 25-35 s, waiting time: 480 s.
6. The inverted arch anchor rod requires that an anchoring agent is matched with cement paste for full-length anchoring, and the process flow is as follows: firstly, 2 MSZ2570 resin anchoring agents are put into a drilled hole, then cement paste with the water-cement ratio of 1:1 is injected into the drilled hole (the drilled hole is filled with the cement paste, and an accelerator is added into the cement paste, the using amount of the accelerator is 5-8% of that of the cement), and then an anchor rod is injected.
7. The sprayed concrete is marked as C20, and the mixture ratio is cement: sand: pebble = 1: 2.5: 1.5 (weight ratio) and a water-cement ratio of 0.45. The cement is P.O 42.5 ordinary portland cement, the sand is pure river sand, the diameter of stone particles is 5-10 mm, and the stone particles are sieved and washed clean by water. The type of the accelerator is J85 type, the initial setting time is less than or equal to 3min, the final setting time is less than or equal to 5min, the doping amount is generally 5-8% of the weight of the cement, when the cement is sprayed on a water area, the doping amount of the accelerator can be increased according to the needs, and the accelerator needs to be uniformly added at a feeding port of a spraying machine.
8. Installing an inverted arch anchor rod: after the anchor rod eye is drilled, accumulated water and sundries in the eye are blown clean by an eye blower made of a steel pipe with the outer diameter of phi 15mm by means of compressed air, a resin anchoring agent is placed in the anchor rod eye, cement paste with the water-cement ratio of 1:1 is injected into the hole (the cement paste fills the drilled hole, and the accelerator is 5-8% of the cement in the cement paste), the anchor rod is inserted into the anchor rod eye, an ZQS-50/2.5S pneumatic handheld drilling machine is used for installing the anchor rod, the anchor rod must be pushed to the bottom of the hole while being pushed by stirring during installation, the stirring is strictly prohibited after being pushed, the stirring time is 20-35S, and the waiting time is 480S. After the anchor rod is installed, an MQT-130 type anchor rod drilling machine can be used for being matched with a torque amplifier for fastening, and if the torque force is insufficient after fastening, a manual wrench is used for increasing the torque of the anchor rod to 350 N.m.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A roadway support process system under the condition of an extremely soft stratum is characterized in that: the cross section of the roadway (1) comprises a vault (1.1), two straight walls (1.2) and a bottom plate (1.3), the vault (1.1), the two straight walls (1.2) and the bottom plate (1.3) are connected with one another to form the roadway, the vault (1.1) is a semicircular arch or an arc arch section, the bottom plate (1.3) is a three-arch section, vault (1.1) surrounding rock anchored by a first high-strength anchor rod (2) and vault (1.1) surrounding rock reinforced by a first steel strand anchor rope (3) form a supporting arch, the inner wall of the bottom plate (1.3) surrounding rock is sprayed with a concrete primary spraying layer (4), a concrete secondary spraying layer (5) is arranged on the upper surface of the concrete primary spraying layer (4), a bottom plate anchor net (8) is arranged between the concrete primary spraying layer (4) and the concrete secondary spraying layer (5), and the outer end parts of a second high-strength anchor rod (6) and a second steel strand anchor rope (7) penetrate through the bottom plate (8) and are embedded in the anchor net (5), and the surrounding rocks of the base plate (1.3) anchored by the second high-strength anchor rod (6), the surrounding rocks of the base plate (1.3) reinforced by the second steel strand anchor cable (7), the concrete primary spraying layer (4) and the concrete secondary spraying layer (5) form an inverted bottom arch.
2. The roadway support process system under the extremely soft stratum condition of claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete spraying layer (5) is characterized in that two ends of the concrete spraying layer (5) extend upwards to form a side wall concrete spraying layer (11), a straight wall (1.2) surrounding rock anchored by a third high-strength anchor rod (9) and a straight wall (1.2) surrounding rock reinforced by a third steel strand anchor cable (10) form a supporting straight wall, and the outer end parts of the third high-strength anchor rod (9) and the third steel strand anchor cable (10) are embedded in the side wall concrete spraying layer (11).
3. The roadway support process system under the extremely soft stratum condition of claim 2, characterized in that: the thickness of the concrete primary spraying layer (4) is 100 mm; the thickness of the concrete spraying layer (5) is 100 mm; and (3) spraying slurry on the side wall concrete spraying layer (11) to be 200mm above the coal-rock interface, spraying to shoulder pits along the empty side, wherein the spraying thickness is 80mm, and the spraying concrete is marked as C20.
4. The roadway support process system under the extremely soft stratum condition of claim 3, characterized in that: 3 first steel strand anchor cables (3) are arranged at each row of the vault (1.1), the anchor cables are phi 17.8 multiplied by 7000mm steel strand anchor cables, the anchor cables are constructed by matching with anchor cable beams, the anchor cable beams are processed by BHW280-3.75 steel belts (the hole pitch is 1600 mm), and the row pitch between the anchor cables is 1200 multiplied by 1600 mm; two vertical walls (1.2) on two sides of the roadway are respectively provided with a second steel strand anchor cable (7) with the diameter of 17.8 multiplied by 5000mm, the row spacing between the anchor cables is 1600mm, and the anchor cable is matched with an anchor cable disc with the diameter of 400 multiplied by 12mm for use; 5 third steel strand anchor cables (10) with the diameter of 17.8 multiplied by 5000mm are arranged on each bottom plate (1.3), the row spacing between the anchor cables is 1200 multiplied by 1600mm, the roadway bottom plate and the bottom angle anchor cables are matched with 300 multiplied by 12mm anchor cable discs for use, the anchor cables and the bottom plate anchor net (8) are supported and constructed synchronously, and construction is carried out after the inverted bottom arch is initially sprayed.
5. The roadway support process system under the extremely soft stratum condition of claim 4, characterized in that: the full-section adopts phi 20 multiplied by 2800mm high-strength anchor rods, the row spacing between the anchor rods of the full-section is 700 multiplied by 800mm, wherein the anchor rods of the top and the upper parts are matched with a steel belt guard plate of 450 multiplied by 280mm and an anchor rod disc of 150 multiplied by 10mm for use, and the anchor rods below the coal-rock interface and the inverted arch anchor rods are matched with the anchor rod disc of 150 multiplied by 10mm for use.
6. The roadway support process system under the extremely soft stratum condition of claim 5, characterized in that: the rear head-on of the side anchor rod is not more than 3 meshes; the head-on of the anchor cable after being dragged does not exceed 30 m; the construction of the inverted arch can not be dragged to the tail of the belt conveyor, and the anchor cable is constructed next to the head when the top plate is broken.
7. A construction method of a roadway support process system under the condition of an extremely soft stratum as recited in claim 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: according to the production geological conditions of the tunnel engineering, the tunnel section adopts a vault (1.1) with a semicircular arch or circular arc arch section and a bottom plate (1.3) with a three-center arch section, and the section size of the arch tunnel is reasonably determined by adopting a theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method;
step S2: constructing a support arch;
step S3: constructing a supporting straight wall;
step S4: and (5) constructing an inverted arch.
8. The construction method of the roadway support process system under the extremely soft stratum condition according to claim 7, characterized in that: the step S4, the construction of the inverted arch, includes the following steps: when the bottom plate has no muddy water, firstly installing an inverted bottom arch anchor rod, then carrying out primary spraying, installing a metal net and a steel ladder after primary setting, then fastening by an anchor rod disc, and finally carrying out secondary spraying to the designed size to form a roadway; firstly carrying out primary spraying when muddy water exists on a bottom plate, then installing an inverted arch anchor rod, installing a metal net and a steel ladder after primary setting, then fastening an anchor rod disc, and finally carrying out secondary spraying to a design size to form a lane, wherein after the concrete spraying is finished, maintenance and protection are required to be carried out, so that the bearing is prevented from being damaged when the concrete does not reach the design strength;
in order to prevent the water for anchor hole construction from influencing the bottom plate and smoothly discharging waste rock, compressed air is adopted for discharging rock powder during drilling, a rock drilling machine is adopted for constructing the anchor of the roadway bottom plate, rock powder in the hole must be completely blown after hole forming, resin anchoring agent is put into the hole, cement paste is poured into the hole, the body of the anchor rod is poured, then torque detection is carried out, and the next procedure construction can be carried out if the design requirements are met;
silt ponding that causes and the rock powder clean up that beat the stock and produce when just spouting before spouting with the bottom plate construction, just spout the back and cover the gunite layer with the flower rain cloth, prevent that construction waste rock and debris from falling to the layer surface that spouts, influence the quality of spouting again.
9. The roadway support process system under the extremely soft stratum condition of claim 8, characterized in that: the method for spraying concrete comprises the following steps: during spraying, the spray head is required to be vertical to a rock surface, the minimum angle is not less than 65 degrees during top spraying, the distance between the spray head and the rock surface is 0.6-1 m, if a crack is in a low recess, the spray head is firstly sprayed and filled, then normal spraying is carried out, the spray head generally runs according to a spiral track, the diameter of a spiral ring is 300mm, the spray head is uniformly and slowly moved by half a circle, sections are divided before grout spraying and are sequentially carried out, the section division is generally 1.5-2 m, and stubbles in adjacent sections are obliquely crossed.
10. A construction method of a roadway support process system under the condition of an extremely soft stratum is characterized by comprising the following steps: the inverted arch anchor rod requires that an anchoring agent is matched with cement paste for full-length anchoring, and the process flow is as follows: firstly, 2 MSZ2570 resin anchoring agents are put into a drilled hole, then cement paste with a water-cement ratio of 1:1 is injected into the drilled hole (the drilled hole is filled with the cement paste, and an accelerator is added into the cement paste, wherein the using amount of the accelerator is 5-8% of that of the cement), and then an anchor rod is injected;
the sprayed concrete is marked as C20, and the mixture ratio is cement: sand: pebble = 1: 2.5: 1.5 (weight ratio), 0.45 of water-cement ratio, wherein the cement is P.O42.5 ordinary portland cement, the sand is pure river sand, the diameter of stone particles is 5-10 mm, the stone particles are sieved and washed clean by water, the type of the accelerator is J85, the initial setting time is less than or equal to 3min, the final setting time is less than or equal to 5min, the doping amount is generally 5-8% of the weight of the cement, when the cement is sprayed on a water area, the doping amount of the accelerator can be increased according to the situation, and the accelerator must be uniformly added at a charging hole of a spraying machine;
and (3) installing the inverted arch anchor rod: after the anchor rod eye is drilled, accumulated water and sundries in the eye are blown clean by means of compressed air by an eye blower made of a steel pipe with the outer diameter of phi 15mm, a resin anchoring agent is placed in the anchor rod eye, cement paste with the water-cement ratio of 1:1 (cement paste fills a drilled hole, accelerator in the cement paste is 5-8% of cement) is injected into the hole, the anchor rod is inserted into the anchor rod eye, an ZQS-50/2.5S pneumatic handheld drilling machine is used for installing the anchor rod, the anchor rod is pushed to the bottom of the hole while being pushed by stirring during installation, the bolt is strictly pushed and then stirred, the stirring time is 20-35S, the waiting time is 480S, the anchor rod can be fastened by using an MQT-130 type anchor rod in cooperation with a drilling machine torque amplifier after the installation of the anchor rod is completed, and if the torque is insufficient after the fastening, a manual wrench is used for increasing the torque of the anchor rod to the designed value of 350 N.m.
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