CN113338114B - Polar region ice and snow runway and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Polar region ice and snow runway and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113338114B CN113338114B CN202110484668.8A CN202110484668A CN113338114B CN 113338114 B CN113338114 B CN 113338114B CN 202110484668 A CN202110484668 A CN 202110484668A CN 113338114 B CN113338114 B CN 113338114B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/06—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/16—Reinforcements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/50—Removable forms or shutterings for road-building purposes; Devices or arrangements for forming individual paving elements, e.g. kerbs, in situ
- E01C19/502—Removable forms or shutterings, e.g. side forms; Removable supporting or anchoring means therefor, e.g. stakes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H4/00—Working on surfaces of snow or ice in order to make them suitable for traffic or sporting purposes, e.g. by compacting snow
- E01H4/02—Working on surfaces of snow or ice in order to make them suitable for traffic or sporting purposes, e.g. by compacting snow for sporting purposes, e.g. preparation of ski trails; Construction of artificial surfacings for snow or ice sports ; Trails specially adapted for on-the-snow vehicles, e.g. devices adapted for ski-trails
Abstract
The application relates to an polar region ice and snow runway and an ice and snow runway construction method, comprising an ice layer and a snow layer, wherein the ice layer and the snow layer are stacked and compacted on the ice layer, a mixing layer is arranged between adjacent snow layers, the mixing layer is formed by mixing ice and snow with porous materials, and the snow layer is watered to form a heating layer; the snow layer extends to form the snow column, is offered on the mixed layer and is formed with the mixing hole, and snow column and mixing hole constitute grafting cooperation, and the mixed layer extends to form and is formed with the mixing column, is offered on the snow layer and is formed with the snow hole, and mixing column and snow hole constitute grafting cooperation. The snow density is improved by manually watering and heating snow; meanwhile, a mixed layer is clamped between adjacent snow layers, and materials with holes in the mixed layer can form a more stable connection structure with snow in the mixed layer and snow in the adjacent snow layers, and the overall structural strength of the polar runway is further improved by means of a 'snow column-mixed hole' matched structure and a 'mixed column-snow hole' matched structure.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of polar region scientific investigation supporting facilities, in particular to a polar region ice and snow runway and an ice and snow runway construction method.
Background
At present, a antarctic airport is mainly divided according to a building position, a runway type and a take-off and landing airplane type, and is roughly divided into a gravel airport, an ice airport and a snow airport according to the building position and the runway type, wherein the ice airport runway is further divided into a sea ice runway, a blue ice runway, a sled runway and a compacted snow runway according to engineering environment and runway materials.
The south pole scientific research investigation station in China has relatively less sea ice and blue ice resources in the area, the overall maintenance cost of the sea ice runway and the blue ice runway is relatively high, the snow layer of the sled runway is insufficient in hardness and limited in use, and the compacted snow layer runway has the advantages of the sea ice runway, the blue ice runway and the sled runway in the aspects of hardness of the snow layer, maintenance cost, construction conditions and the like. However, the technical difficulty of compacting snow tracks is great.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to build a polar region runway through a snow layer compaction technology at south poles, the application provides a polar region ice and snow runway and an ice and snow runway construction method.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a polar ice and snow runway, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the polar region ice and snow runway comprises an ice layer and a snow layer formed on the ice layer, wherein the snow layer is formed by overlapping and compacting the ice layer in multiple layers, a mixing layer for increasing the strength of the runway is clamped between adjacent snow layers, the mixing layer is formed by mixing ice and snow with porous materials, and a heating layer is formed by watering the upper side of the snow layer close to the mixing layer; the snow column is formed by extending the lower side of the snow layer close to the mixing layer, the mixing hole is formed in the upper side of the mixing layer close to the snow layer, the snow column and the corresponding mixing hole form plug-in fit, the mixing column is formed by extending the lower layer of the mixing layer close to the snow layer, the snow hole is formed in the lower book of the snow layer close to the mixing layer, and the mixing column and the corresponding snow hole form plug-in fit; and a framework is buried between the snow layer and the mixed layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the three functional layers of the snow layer, the mixed layer and the warming layer are overlapped to form the main body structure of the polar region runway. The snow layer is taken as a basic main body; after each snow layer is paved, watering the surface of each snow layer to form a warming layer, and improving the snow density by manually watering water and warming snow; meanwhile, a mixed layer is clamped between adjacent snow layers, and materials with holes in the mixed layer can form a more stable connection structure with snow in the mixed layer and snow in the adjacent snow layers, because in the process of constructing and superposing all the functional layers, the upper functional layer can apply certain compressive stress to the lower functional layer, and then the snow in the snow layers and the snow in the mixed layer are melted to a certain extent by combining with the heating operation of manual watering, and enter the holes of the materials to be resolidified to form an integral structure. On the basis of the above, the overall structural strength of the polar runway is further improved by means of the 'snow column-mixing hole' structure formed by the snow layer and the mixing layer and the 'mixing column-snow hole' structure formed by the mixing layer and the snow layer.
Preferably, the snow layer is close to the downside extension of ice layer and is formed with the foundation column, ice layer is close to the upside of snow layer and is seted up and is formed with the bottom hole, just the foundation column with corresponding the bottom hole constitutes grafting cooperation.
By adopting the technical scheme, the purpose of improving the strength and stability of the connecting structure of the main structure of the polar runway and the ice layer at the bottom is achieved by means of the bottom column-bottom hole structure formed by the ice layer and the adjacent snow layer, and the purpose of improving the overall stability of the polar runway is further achieved.
Preferably, side posts are formed on the periphery of the snow layer and the periphery of the mixed layer in an extending mode, side holes are formed in the original snow cover around the polar runway, and the side posts and the corresponding side holes form plug-in fit.
By adopting the technical scheme, the purpose of improving the strength and stability of the connecting structure of the main body structure of the polar region runway and the surrounding original snow is achieved by means of the side column-side hole structure formed by the snow layer, the mixed layer and the original snow around the polar region runway, so that the purpose of further improving the overall stability of the polar region runway is achieved.
Preferably, the mixing layer is formed by mixing ice and snow and wood dust; the snow column, the bottom column and the side column are formed by mixing ice and snow with wood chips, and extend into corresponding snow layers.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize saw-dust and ice and snow to mix and constitute mixed layer, snow post, end post and side post structure, improve the effect of mixing layer self snow melting back and saw-dust recombination solidification to reach the purpose that improves mixed layer self structural strength, in addition, make each structural column and corresponding snow layer, mixed layer, ice layer or the original snow on every side further constitute stable and connection structure, and then reach the purpose that improves polar region runway wholeness and structural strength.
Preferably, the framework comprises transverse steel bars and longitudinal steel bars, joint points are formed by the intersection of the transverse steel bars and the longitudinal steel bars, and the joint points are buried in corresponding snow columns, mixing columns, bottom columns or side columns.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, inject the juncture of horizontal reinforcing bar and longitudinal reinforcement in corresponding snow post, mixed post, sill pillar or side post to make skeleton and each structural column constitute overall structure, and lead each functional layer fast through skeleton and each structural column the force that the top functional layer receives, improve holistic stability and structural strength.
Preferably, the surface layer of the polar runway is set as a mixed layer, the mixed layer positioned on the surface layer of the polar runway comprises a lifting area and a retarding area, and the extending thickness of the mixed layer towards the direction of the ice layer is gradually reduced from the lifting area to the retarding area.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, according to the characteristic design corresponding take-off and land district and the retarder of two stages of aircraft take-off and land and retarder of running to the characteristics of two regions, the extension thickness that prescribes a limit to the mixed layer reduces gradually from take-off and land district to the retarder, when improving the structural strength of the position of the corresponding take-off and land district of mixed layer, reduces unnecessary construction.
Preferably, the framework in the mixed layer on the surface layer of the polar runway comprises a lifting framework and a retarding framework, wherein the lifting framework is embedded in the lifting area, and the retarding framework is embedded in the retarding area; longitudinal steel bars of the retarding framework extend into a snow layer on the lower layer, and longitudinal steel bars of the lifting framework extend into snow columns of the snow layer on the lower layer.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, bury the skeleton that takes off and land in the area of taking off and land to bury the speed of slowing down in the area of slowing down, with the structural strength who improves the mixed layer that is located polar region runway top layer, and according to the different functions of speed of slowing down area and area of taking off and land, inject the vertical reinforcing bar downwardly extending position of skeleton that each belonged to, one makes skeleton in the polar region runway top layer and the snow layer of below constitute integrated structure, further improves the structural strength and the stability on polar region runway top layer, and another is according to the corresponding vertical reinforcing bar extending position of actual demand design, reduces unnecessary construction.
Preferably, the longitudinal steel bars and the transverse steel bars of the framework are provided with holes.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, offer the hole on the longitudinal reinforcement and the horizontal reinforcing bar of skeleton, then when constructing each functional layer and carrying out the warm snow operation of manual watering, the mixture that ice and snow after melting and the material that has the hole constitute can get into the hole of longitudinal reinforcement and horizontal reinforcing bar and solidify to make skeleton and snowy layer, mixed layer constitute overall structure, when making up the structural strength influence that the trompil caused the reinforcing bar, further improve skeleton and polar region runway major structure's joint strength and connection stability.
Preferably, the surface of the mixed layer positioned on the surface layer of the polar region runway is watered to form a runway surface, the runway surface is respectively provided with a landing surface and a retarding surface corresponding to the landing zone and the retarding zone, and the surface roughness and the hardness of the landing surface are both greater than those of the retarding surface.
By adopting the technical scheme, the runway surface is formed in a watering mode, and the surface roughness and hardness of the runway surface are limited, so that the ground grabbing force of an aircraft during taking off and landing is improved, and the abrasion resistance of the surface layer of the polar region runway is improved.
In a second aspect, the application provides a construction method of an ice and snow runway, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the construction method of the polar region ice and snow runway comprises the following steps that S1, a runway foundation pit is excavated in original snow in the polar region until an ice layer below the original snow accumulation is exposed, and the excavated original snow is reserved; s2, a bottom hole is formed in the surface of the ice layer in advance, side holes are formed in the surrounding original snow corresponding to the snow layer, and the original snow mixed with pore materials is compacted and injected into the bottom hole and the side holes; s3, erecting and welding a framework corresponding to the bottom hole and the side hole formed in the step S2, coating the longitudinal steel bars and the joint points of the framework through a template, then injecting original accumulated snow mixed with pore materials into the template, compacting, and matching the template with the corresponding bottom hole and side hole; s4, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework, removing the template, and filling the original snow into the foundation pit to a preset height to complete construction of a snow layer; s5, watering the surface of the snow layer constructed in the step S4 to form a warming layer; s6, forming snow holes on the surface of the snow layer constructed in the step S5, and forming side holes in the surrounding original snow corresponding to the mixed layer; s7, erecting and welding a framework corresponding to the snow holes and the side holes formed in the step S6, coating longitudinal steel bars and joint points of the framework through a template, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the snow holes and the side holes in the step S6 and the template, compacting, and using the template and the corresponding snow holes and side holes in a matching way; s8, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework, removing the template, and filling the original snow mixed with the pore materials into the foundation pit to a preset height to complete the construction of the mixed layer; s9, forming mixing holes on the surface of the mixing layer constructed in the step S8, forming side holes in the surrounding original snow corresponding to the snow layer, and compacting and injecting the original snow mixed with the pore materials into the mixing holes and the side holes; s10, erecting and welding a framework corresponding to the mixing holes and the side holes formed in the step S9, coating longitudinal steel bars and joint points of the framework through a template, then injecting original accumulated snow mixed with pore materials into the template, compacting, and matching the template with the corresponding mixing holes and the side holes; s11, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework, removing the template, and filling the original snow into the foundation pit to a preset height to complete the construction of the snow layer; s12, repeating the steps S5-S11 until the mixed layer serving as the running surface is formed; s13, constructing a mixed layer in the step S12 by referring to the steps S6-S8, simultaneously, extending longitudinal steel bars of a framework into a snow layer or a snow column below, reducing the layer thickness of the mixed layer from a lifting zone to a retarding zone, and pouring water, heating snow and vibrating on the surface of the mixed layer to obtain lifting surfaces and retarding surfaces with different surface roughness and strength.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the snow layer, the mixed layer and the warming layer are overlapped to form a main body structure of the polar runway. After each layer of snow layer is paved and compacted, watering the surface of each layer of snow layer to form a warming layer, and improving the snow density by manually watering water and warming snow; meanwhile, a mixed layer is clamped between adjacent snow layers, and materials with holes in the mixed layer can be solidified with snow after melting in the mixed layer and snow after melting in the adjacent snow layers to form an integral structure so as to form a more stable connecting structure, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the integral structural strength of the polar region runway;
2. by means of a 'snow column-mixing hole' structure formed by a snow layer and a mixing layer, a 'mixing column-snow hole' structure formed by a mixing layer and a snow layer, a 'bottom column-bottom hole' structure formed by an ice layer and an adjacent snow layer, and a 'side column-side hole' structure formed by each functional layer and surrounding original snow, each functional layer, the ice layer and surrounding original snow form an integral structure, so that the aim of further improving the integral structural strength of the polar region runway is fulfilled;
3. the skeleton is buried in each functional layer, the extending position of the longitudinal steel bar in the depth direction and the joint point of the longitudinal steel bar and the transverse steel bar are limited with the relative positions of each functional layer and the functional column, and on the basis of improving the structural strength of each functional layer, the original snow on each functional layer, the ice layer and the periphery form an integral structure, so that the aim of further improving the structural strength of the polar region runway is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a polar ice and snow runway according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional detail of a snowlayer primarily used to illustrate a warming layer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view mainly used for showing the embedded position and structure of the skeleton in the functional layer;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram mainly used for showing the positions and structures of the landing zone, the retarder zone, the landing skeleton therein and the retarder skeleton.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. an ice layer; 11. a bottom hole; 2. a snow layer; 21. a snow column; 22. snow holes; 23. a bottom post; 3. a mixed layer; 31. a mixing hole; 32. a mixing column; 4. a warming layer; 51. a side column; 52. a side hole; 6. a skeleton; 61. longitudinal steel bars; 62. transverse steel bars; 63. a binding site; 71. a landing zone; 711. a landing surface; 72. a retarder; 721. a retarding surface; 8. lifting a framework; 9. and (5) retarding the skeleton.
Description of the embodiments
The application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-4.
The embodiment of the application discloses an polar region ice and snow runway.
Referring to fig. 1, a polar ice and snow runway comprises an ice layer 1 at the bottom and a plurality of layers of snow layers 2 compacted on the ice layer 1, wherein a mixing layer 3 is arranged between adjacent snow layers 2, and the mixing layer 3 is formed by mixing and compacting ice and snow and materials with pores; in the process of compacting the snow layer 2 and the mixed layer 3, the ice and snow in the snow layer 2 and the mixed layer 3 are melted to a certain extent, the snow compactness of the melted and resolidified snow layer 2 can be effectively improved, and the melted ice and snow can enter the pores of the material and be solidified, so that the snow compactness, the overall structural strength and the stability of the mixed layer 3 are greatly improved, and the aim of improving the strength of the polar runway is fulfilled.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a main body structure of a polar runway is formed by compacting a snow layer 2 and a mixed layer 3, wherein the snow layer 2 and the mixed layer 3 are all functional layers, the snow layer 2 is directly contacted with an ice layer 1 at the bottom in the main body structure, then the mixed layer 3 is obtained by compacting construction on the snow layer 2, and then another snow layer 2 is obtained by compacting construction on the mixed layer 3, and the like until the mixed layer 3 at the uppermost layer of the main body structure is obtained by compacting construction, and the mixed layer 3 is used as a surface layer of the polar runway. In the actual construction process, when each layer of snow layer 2 is needed to be compacted, the heating layer 4 of the snow layer 2 is obtained by means of manual or mechanical watering on the upper side of the snow layer 2, namely, the side of the snow layer 2 close to the upper mixed layer 3, and the purpose of quickly heating and melting the snow layer 2 can be achieved by introducing the heating layer 4, so that the snow density of the snow layer 2 is further improved. In addition, in the embodiment of the application, wood chips are used as the material with pores, so that the bonding effect of the wood chips and the melted ice and snow is better, and the overall bonding stability of the mixed layer 3 is improved.
Referring to fig. 1, on the basis of the above, the main body structure of the polar runway is further reinforced by adopting a 'column-hole' structure, namely, a 'column-hole' structure is formed between the adjacent snow layer 2 and the mixed layer 3, a 'column-hole' structure is formed between the ice layer 1 at the bottom and the adjacent snow layer 2, a 'column-hole' structure is formed between each functional layer and the original snow around the main body structure, and the following specific structure is combined for unfolding.
Referring to fig. 1, the "post-hole" structure formed between adjacent snow layers 2 and hybrid layers 3 includes two forms. In the first form, the bottom surface of the snow layer 2 extends uniformly towards the direction of the adjacent mixing layer 3 below to form a snow column 21, the snow column 21 is in a column structure extending vertically downwards, the top surface of the adjacent mixing layer 3 below is provided with mixing holes 31, and the snow columns 21 and the mixing holes 31 are in one-to-one correspondence and form plug-in fit, so as to form a plug-in fit structure of the snow column 21-the mixing holes 31; in the second form, the bottom surface of the mixing layer 3 extends uniformly towards the direction of the adjacent snow layer 2 below to form a mixing column 32, the mixing column 32 is of a column structure extending vertically downwards, the top surface of the adjacent snow layer 2 below is provided with snow holes 22, and the mixing columns 32 are in one-to-one correspondence with the snow holes 22 and form plug-in fit, so that a plug-in fit structure of the mixing columns 32-the snow holes 22 is formed.
Referring to fig. 1, bottom posts 23 are formed by uniformly extending the bottom surface of a snow layer 2 adjacent to a bottom ice layer 1, the bottom posts 23 are in a column structure extending vertically downwards, bottom holes 11 are formed in the top surface of the bottom ice layer 1, and the bottom posts 23 and the bottom holes 11 are in one-to-one correspondence and form plug-in fit, so that a plug-in fit structure of the bottom posts 23-the bottom holes 11 is formed.
Referring to fig. 1, side posts 51 are uniformly formed on the peripheral sides of the functional layers in an extending manner, the side posts 51 are in a horizontally extending column structure, side holes 52 are formed in the original snow around the main body structure, and the side posts 51 and the side holes 52 are in one-to-one correspondence and form plug-in fit, so that a plug-in fit structure of 'side posts 51-side holes 52' is formed.
Referring to fig. 1, in the actual construction process, in addition to the fact that the side columns 51 to which the mixing columns 32 and the mixing layers 3 belong are formed by mixing and compacting ice and snow and wood chips, the three structural columns of the snow column 21, the bottom column 23 and the side columns 51 are also formed by mixing and compacting ice and snow and wood chips, and the three structural columns of the snow column 21, the bottom column 23 and the side columns 51 extend into the corresponding snow layers 2 along the axial directions thereof, so that snow in the snow layers 2 is melted in the compaction process and enters into wood chips contained in the corresponding structural columns, the structural strength of each functional layer is further improved, and meanwhile, the connection integrity between adjacent functional layers is improved to a certain extent.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in order to further improve the strength of the polar runway, a skeleton 6 is buried between the snow layer 2 and the mixed layer 3, the skeleton 6 includes transverse steel bars 62 and longitudinal steel bars 61, the transverse steel bars 62 and the longitudinal steel bars 61 form a transverse and longitudinal staggered frame structure, the transverse steel bars 62 and the longitudinal steel bars 61 are formed with a plurality of bonding points 63, each bonding point 63 corresponds to a structural column of the functional layer where the skeleton 6 is located, that is, the number of the transverse steel bars 62 and the longitudinal steel bars 61 and the selection of the intersection welding points of the two are required to correspond to the positions and the numbers of the structural columns of the corresponding functional layer, so that the structural columns form bonding points 63 for wrapping the skeleton 6, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the integrity and the structural stability of the skeleton 6 and the functional layer where the structural columns are located. In addition, the transverse reinforcing steel bars 62 and the longitudinal reinforcing steel bars 61 of the framework 6 are respectively provided with a communicated hole, and then snow of each functional layer and each structural column enters the holes for resolidification in the melting process, or the mixture is carried with wood dust to enter the holes for resolidification, so that the connection integrity and the overall structural stability of the framework 6 and each functional layer and each structural column are further improved, meanwhile, the influence of the holes formed in the framework 6 on the structural strength of the framework is made up, and the strength of the overall structure is improved to a certain extent.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, it should be noted that, in addition, individual reinforcing bars may be buried in the surrounding raw snow, and the individual reinforcing bars are welded with the transverse reinforcing bars 62 of the skeleton 6 buried in the corresponding functional layer to form joint points, and the positions of the joint points may be selected at the corresponding side posts 51 or side holes 52 to further improve the connection integrity and structural strength of the main structure with the surrounding raw snow.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the surface layer of the polar runway, i.e. the runway surface of the polar runway is a mixed layer 3, the mixed layer 3 comprises a take-off and landing zone 71 and a retarder 72, the take-off and landing zone 71 corresponds to a zone of maximum stress of the aircraft contacting the runway surface, and the retarder 72 corresponds to a zone of sliding of the aircraft on the runway surface. The vertical downward extension thickness of the mixed layer 3 gradually decreases from the lifting area 71 to the retarding area 72, namely the bottom surface of the mixed layer 3, which is contacted with the underlying snow layer 2, is obliquely upwards arranged from the lifting area 71 to the retarding area 72; by increasing the extension thickness of the landing zone 71, the great impact on the runway surface during landing of the aircraft is buffered. In addition, the top surfaces of the take-off and landing zone 71 and the slow zone 72 are respectively set as a take-off and landing surface 711 and a slow surface 721, runway surfaces with different surface roughness and hardness are formed by means of manual watering and heating and vibration, and the surface roughness and hardness of the take-off and landing surface 711 need to be larger than those of the slow surface 721 so as to reduce the surface abrasion of the take-off and landing surface 711.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in order to further improve the structural strength of the hybrid layer 3, the frame 6 in the hybrid layer 3 used as the runway surface of the polar runway is divided into a lifting frame 8 and a slow frame 9, the lifting frame 8 is buried in the snow layer 2 of the corresponding lifting zone 71, the slow frame 9 is buried in the snow layer 2 of the corresponding slow zone 72, the longitudinal steel bars 61 of the slow frame 9 need to vertically extend downwards into the snow layer 2 of the lower layer, and the longitudinal steel bars 61 of the lifting frame 8 need to vertically extend downwards into the snow column 21 of the snow layer 2 of the lower layer, so as to achieve the purpose of further improving the structural strength of the runway surface, and improving the connection strength and the overall stability of the runway surface and the snow layer 2 of the lower layer.
The implementation principle of the polar runway in the embodiment of the application is as follows: the three functional layers of the snow layer 2, the mixed layer 3 and the warming layer 4 are overlapped to form a main body structure of the polar region runway. After each layer of snow layer 2 is paved and compacted, watering is performed on the surface of each layer of snow layer 2 to form a warming layer 4, and the snow density is improved by manually watering water and warming snow; meanwhile, the mixed layer 3 is clamped between the adjacent snow layers 2, the material with pores in the mixed layer 3 can be resolidified with snow melted in the mixed layer 3 and snow melted in the adjacent snow layers 2 to form an integral structure, the framework 6 is embedded in each functional layer, and meanwhile, the column-hole structures of the ice layers 1 at the bottoms of the functional layers and the surrounding original ice and snow are formed to form a more stable connecting structure, so that the aim of improving the integral structural strength of the polar runway is fulfilled.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a construction method of the ice and snow runway.
The construction method of the ice and snow runway comprises the following steps:
s1, excavating a runway foundation pit in original snow in the polar region until an ice layer 1 below the original snow is exposed, reserving the excavated original snow, and completing mechanical decomposition of the excavated original snow at the temperature of about-2 ℃;
s2, a bottom hole 11 is formed in the surface of the ice layer 1 in advance, a side hole 52 is formed in the surrounding original snow corresponding to the snow layer 2, and the original snow mixed with wood dust or saw dust is compacted and injected into the bottom hole 11 and the side hole 52;
s3, erecting and welding the framework 6 corresponding to the bottom holes 11 and the side holes 52 formed in the step S2, coating the longitudinal steel bars 61 and the joint points 63 of the framework 6 through the template, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the template, compacting, and matching the template with the corresponding bottom holes 11 and side holes 52;
s4, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework 6, removing the template, and filling the original snow into the foundation pit to a preset height to complete the construction of the snow layer 2;
s5, watering the surface of the snow layer 2 constructed in the step S4 to form a warming layer 4, realizing local warming in a mode that watering is carried out for 3 cm per 25 cm of snow thickness, and then sintering at the temperature below-10 ℃;
s6, forming snow holes 22 on the surface of the snow layer 2 constructed in the step S5, and forming side holes 52 in the surrounding original snow corresponding to the mixed layer 3;
s7, erecting and welding the framework 6 corresponding to the snow holes 22 and the side holes 52 formed in the step S6, coating the longitudinal steel bars 61 and the joint points 63 of the framework 6 by the templates, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the snow holes 22 and the side holes 52 in the step S6 and the templates, compacting, and matching the templates with the corresponding snow holes 22 and the corresponding side holes 52;
s8, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework 6, removing the template, filling the original snow mixed with pore materials into the foundation pit to a preset height, and completing the construction of the mixed layer 3, wherein the mixed layer 3 is formed by mixing sawdust or wood chips with the thickness of 3 cm into every 15 cm thick snow layers and mechanically mixing;
s9, forming mixing holes 31 on the surface of the mixing layer 3 constructed in the step S8, forming side holes 52 in the surrounding original snow corresponding to the snow layer 2, and compacting and injecting the original snow mixed with sawdust or sawdust into the mixing holes 31 and the side holes 52;
s10, erecting and welding a framework 6 corresponding to the mixing holes 31 and the side holes 52 formed in the step S9, coating longitudinal steel bars 61 and bonding points 63 of the framework 6 through a template, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the template, compacting, and matching the template with the corresponding mixing holes 31 and side holes 52;
s11, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework 6, removing the template, and filling the original snow into the foundation pit to a preset height to complete the construction of the snow layer 2;
s12, repeating the steps S5-S11 until the mixed layer 3 serving as a running surface;
s13, constructing the mixed layer 3 in the step S12 by referring to the steps S6-S8, simultaneously, extending the longitudinal steel bars 61 of the framework 6 into the underlying snow layer 2 or the snow column 21, reducing the layer thickness of the mixed layer 3 from the lifting zone 71 to the retarding zone 72, and pouring water, heating and vibrating on the surface of the mixed layer 3 to obtain lifting surfaces 711 and retarding surfaces 721 with different surface roughness and strength.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, so: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the application should be covered in the scope of protection of the application.
Claims (10)
1. An polar region ice and snow runway, characterized in that: the novel road surface heating device comprises an ice layer (1) and a snow layer (2) formed on the ice layer (1), wherein the snow layer (2) is compacted on the ice layer (1) in a multi-layer superposition manner, a mixed layer (3) for increasing the strength of a runway is clamped between adjacent snow layers (2), the mixed layer (3) is formed by mixing ice and snow with a porous material, and a heating layer (4) is formed by watering the upper side of the snow layer (2) close to the mixed layer (3); the snow column (21) is formed by extending the lower side of the snow layer (2) close to the mixing layer (3), the mixing hole (31) is formed by opening the upper side of the mixing layer (3) close to the snow layer (2), the snow column (21) and the corresponding mixing hole (31) form plug-in fit, the mixing column (32) is formed by extending the lower layer of the mixing layer (3) close to the snow layer (2), the snow hole (22) is formed by opening the lower volume of the snow layer (2) close to the mixing layer (3), and the mixing column (32) and the corresponding snow hole (22) form plug-in fit; and a framework (6) is buried between the snow layer (2) and the mixed layer (3).
2. The polar ice and snow runway according to claim 1 wherein: the snow layer (2) is close to the downside extension of ice layer (1) and is formed with foundation column (23), ice layer (1) is close to the upside of snow layer (2) and is seted up and is formed with bottom hole (11), just foundation column (23) with corresponding bottom hole (11) constitution grafting cooperation.
3. The polar ice and snow runway according to claim 2 wherein: side posts (51) are formed on the periphery of the snow layer (2) and the periphery of the mixing layer (3) in an extending mode, side holes (52) are formed in the original snow around the polar runway, and the side posts (51) and the corresponding side holes (52) form plug-in fit.
4. A polar ice and snow runway according to claim 3 wherein: the mixing layer (3) is formed by mixing ice and snow and wood dust; the snow column (21), the bottom column (23) and the side column (51) are formed by mixing ice and snow and wood dust, and the snow column (21), the bottom column (23) and the side column (51) extend into the corresponding snow layer (2).
5. The polar ice and snow runway according to claim 4 wherein: the framework (6) comprises transverse steel bars (62) and longitudinal steel bars (61), joint points (63) are formed by the intersection of the transverse steel bars (62) and the longitudinal steel bars (61), and the joint points (63) are buried in corresponding snow columns (21), mixing columns (32), bottom columns (23) or side columns (51).
6. The polar ice and snow runway according to claim 4 wherein: the surface layer of the polar region runway is provided with a mixed layer (3), the mixed layer (3) positioned on the surface layer of the polar region runway comprises a take-off and landing zone (71) and a speed slowing zone (72), and the extending thickness of the mixed layer (3) towards the direction of the ice layer (1) is gradually reduced from the take-off and landing zone (71) to the speed slowing zone (72).
7. The polar ice and snow runway according to claim 6 wherein: the framework (6) in the mixed layer (3) positioned on the surface layer of the polar runway comprises a lifting framework (8) and a retarding framework (9), wherein the lifting framework (8) is buried in the lifting area (71), and the retarding framework (9) is buried in the retarding area (72); longitudinal steel bars (61) of the retarding skeleton (9) extend into the lower-layer snow layer (2), and the longitudinal steel bars (61) of the lifting skeleton (8) extend into snow columns (21) of the lower-layer snow layer (2).
8. The polar ice and snow runway according to claim 4 or 7, wherein: and holes are formed in the longitudinal steel bars (61) and the transverse steel bars (62) of the framework (6).
9. The polar ice and snow runway according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: and the surface of the mixed layer (3) positioned on the surface layer of the polar region runway is watered to form a runway surface, a landing surface (711) and a slow surface (721) are respectively formed on the runway surface corresponding to the landing zone (71) and the slow zone (72), and the surface roughness and hardness of the landing surface (711) are both greater than those of the slow surface (721).
10. A method of constructing a polar ice and snow runway according to claim 9 wherein: comprises the steps of the method,
s1, excavating a runway foundation pit in original snow in the polar region until an ice layer (1) below the original snow accumulation is exposed, and reserving the excavated original snow;
s2, a bottom hole (11) is formed in the surface of the ice layer (1) in advance, side holes (52) are formed in the surrounding original snow corresponding to the snow layer (2), and the original snow mixed with pore materials is compacted and injected into the bottom hole (11) and the side holes (52);
s3, erecting and welding the framework (6) corresponding to the bottom holes (11) and the side holes (52) formed in the step S2, coating the longitudinal steel bars (61) and the binding points (63) of the framework (6) through the templates, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the templates, compacting, and matching the templates with the corresponding bottom holes (11) and the corresponding side holes (52);
s4, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework (6), removing the template, and filling the original snow into the foundation pit to a preset height to complete the construction of the snow layer (2);
s5, watering the surface of the snow layer (2) constructed in the step S4 to form a warming layer (4);
s6, forming snow holes (22) on the surface of the snow layer (2) constructed in the step S5, and forming side holes (52) in surrounding original snow corresponding to the mixed layer (3);
s7, erecting and welding a framework (6) corresponding to the snow holes (22) and the side holes (52) formed in the step S6, coating longitudinal steel bars (61) and binding points (63) of the framework (6) through templates, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the snow holes (22) and the side holes (52) in the step S6 and compacting, and matching the templates with the corresponding snow holes (22) and the corresponding side holes (52);
s8, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework (6), removing the template, and filling the original snow mixed with the pore materials into the foundation pit to a preset height to complete the construction of the mixed layer (3);
s9, forming mixing holes (31) on the surface of the mixing layer (3) constructed in the step S8, forming side holes (52) in the surrounding original snow corresponding to the snow layer (2), and compacting and injecting the original snow mixed with the pore materials into the mixing holes (31) and the side holes (52);
s10, erecting and welding a framework (6) corresponding to the mixing holes (31) and the side holes (52) formed in the step S9, coating longitudinal steel bars (61) and binding points (63) of the framework (6) through a template, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the template, compacting, and matching the template with the corresponding mixing holes (31) and the side holes (52);
s11, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework (6), removing the template, and filling the original snow into the foundation pit to a preset height to complete the construction of the snow layer (2);
s12, repeating the steps S5-S11 until the mixed layer (3) serving as a running surface;
s13, constructing the mixed layer (3) in the step S12 by referring to the steps S6-S8, simultaneously, needing to extend the longitudinal steel bars (61) of the framework (6) into the underlying snow layer (2) or the snow column (21), and needing to reduce the layer thickness of the mixed layer (3) from the lifting zone (71) to the retarding zone (72), and pouring water, heating snow and vibrating on the surface of the mixed layer (3) to obtain lifting surfaces (711) and retarding surfaces (721) with different surface roughness and strength.
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