CN113338114A - Polar region ice and snow runway and ice and snow runway construction method - Google Patents
Polar region ice and snow runway and ice and snow runway construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113338114A CN113338114A CN202110484668.8A CN202110484668A CN113338114A CN 113338114 A CN113338114 A CN 113338114A CN 202110484668 A CN202110484668 A CN 202110484668A CN 113338114 A CN113338114 A CN 113338114A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/06—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/16—Reinforcements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/50—Removable forms or shutterings for road-building purposes; Devices or arrangements for forming individual paving elements, e.g. kerbs, in situ
- E01C19/502—Removable forms or shutterings, e.g. side forms; Removable supporting or anchoring means therefor, e.g. stakes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
- E01H4/00—Working on surfaces of snow or ice in order to make them suitable for traffic or sporting purposes, e.g. by compacting snow
- E01H4/02—Working on surfaces of snow or ice in order to make them suitable for traffic or sporting purposes, e.g. by compacting snow for sporting purposes, e.g. preparation of ski trails; Construction of artificial surfacings for snow or ice sports ; Trails specially adapted for on-the-snow vehicles, e.g. devices adapted for ski-trails
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Abstract
The application relates to an polar region ice and snow runway and an ice and snow runway construction method, which comprises ice layers and snow layers, wherein the snow layers are stacked and compacted on the ice layers in a multi-layer mode, a mixing layer is clamped between every two adjacent snow layers and is formed by mixing ice and snow and materials with pores, and the snow layers are watered to form warming layers; the snow layer extends and is formed with the snow post, offers on the mixing layer to be formed with the mixing hole, and snow post and mixing hole constitution grafting cooperation, mixes the layer extension and is formed with the mixing post, offers on the snow layer to be formed with the snow hole, and the mixing post constitutes the grafting cooperation with the snow hole. The snow density is improved by manually pouring hot water and snow; meanwhile, a mixing layer is clamped between the adjacent snow layers, materials with holes in the mixing layer can form a more stable connecting structure with the accumulated snow in the mixing layer and the accumulated snow in the adjacent snow layers, and the overall structural strength of the polar runway is further improved by means of a snow column-mixing hole matching structure and a mixing column-snow hole matching structure.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of polar region scientific investigation supporting facilities, in particular to a polar region ice and snow runway and an ice and snow runway construction method.
Background
The south pole has unique geographical value and potential resources and is the focus of competition and cooperation of countries in the world. At present, the strong nation in the world mainly adopts a mode of developing scientific research in south Pole to exert influence, and the implementation of the scientific research in south Pole depends on material transportation, personnel delivery and equipment support, wherein the material transportation and personnel delivery capacity is a decisive factor of the scale of scientific research.
At present, Antarctic airports are mainly classified according to building positions, runway types and takeoff and landing airplane types, and are roughly classified into gravel airports, ice airports and snow airports according to airport building positions and runway types, wherein ice and snow airport runways are further classified into sea ice runways, blue ice runways, ski runways and compacted snow layer runways according to engineering environments and pavement materials.
Sea ice and blue ice resources in the area where the south-pole research station in China is located are relatively few, the overall maintenance cost of the sea ice runway and the blue ice runway is relatively high, the snow layer of the ski runway is insufficient in hardness and limited in use, and the compacted snow layer runway has the advantages that the sea ice runway, the blue ice runway and the ski runway do not have in the aspects of snow layer hardness, maintenance cost, construction conditions and the like. However, the technical difficulty of compacting snow tracks is great, and the core technology of construction is currently mainly mastered in both america and russia.
Aiming at the related technologies, the inventor thinks that mastering and building the polar region runway by the snow layer compaction technology have important significance for scientific research in Antarctic in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an arctic ice and snow runway and an ice and snow runway construction method, in order to build the arctic runway through a snow layer compaction technology in the south Pole.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an arctic ice and snow runway, which adopts the following technical scheme:
an arctic ice and snow runway comprises ice layers and snow layers formed on the ice layers, wherein the snow layers are stacked and compacted on the ice layers in a multi-layer mode, a mixing layer for increasing the strength of the runway is clamped between the adjacent snow layers, the mixing layer is formed by mixing ice and snow and materials with pores, and a warming layer is formed by watering the upper side, close to the mixing layer, of the snow layers; the snow layer is provided with a snow column in an extending mode, the upper side of the mixing layer, close to the snow layer, is provided with a mixing hole, the snow column and the corresponding mixing hole form a splicing fit, the lower layer of the mixing layer, close to the snow layer, is provided with a mixing column in an extending mode, the lower volume of the snow layer, close to the mixing layer, is provided with a snow hole, and the mixing column and the corresponding snow hole form a splicing fit; and a skeleton is embedded between the snow layer and the mixed layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the snow layer, the mixing layer and the warming layer are superposed to form the main body structure of the polar region runway. The snow layer is a basic main body; after each layer of snow layer is laid, watering is carried out on the surface of each layer of snow layer to form a warming layer, and the snow density is improved in a mode of manually watering hot water to warm snow; meanwhile, a mixed layer is clamped between the adjacent snow layers, materials with holes in the mixed layer can form a more stable connection structure with the accumulated snow in the mixed layer and the accumulated snow in the adjacent snow layers, and because certain compressive stress can be applied to the functional layer below by the functional layer above the functional layer in the process of construction and superposition of the functional layers, the accumulated snow in the snow layer and the accumulated snow in the mixed layer are melted to a certain degree by combining with the warming operation of manual watering, and the melted accumulated snow enters the holes of the materials and is solidified to form an integral structure. On the basis, the overall structural strength of the polar runway is further improved by virtue of a snow column-mixing hole structure formed by the snow layer and the mixing layer and a mixed column-snow hole structure formed by the mixing layer and the snow layer.
Preferably, the snow layer extends to be formed with the foundation near the downside on ice layer, the ice layer is provided with the bottom outlet near the upside on snow layer, just the foundation with correspond the bottom outlet constitutes the cooperation of pegging graft.
By adopting the technical scheme, the purpose of improving the strength and stability of the connection structure of the main body structure of the polar runway and the ice layer at the bottom is realized by means of the bottom column-bottom hole structure formed by the ice layer and the adjacent snow layer, and the purpose of improving the overall stability of the polar runway is further achieved.
Preferably, the snow layer and the mixed layer extend to form side columns on the peripheral sides, side holes are formed in the original snow cover around the polar runway, and the side columns and the corresponding side holes form a plug-in fit.
By adopting the technical scheme, the purpose of improving the strength and stability of the main body structure of the polar runway and the original snow cover around is realized by means of the side column-side hole structure formed by the snow layer, the mixed layer and the original snow cover around the polar runway, so that the purpose of further improving the overall stability of the polar runway is achieved.
Preferably, the mixed layer is formed by mixing ice and snow and wood chips; the snow column, the bottom column and the side columns are formed by mixing ice and snow and sawdust, and all the snow column, the bottom column and the side columns extend into the corresponding snow layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the mixed layer, the snow columns, the bottom columns and the side column structures are formed by mixing the wood chips and the ice and snow, the effect of reunion solidification of the melted snow of the mixed layer and the wood chips is improved, the purpose of improving the structural strength of the mixed layer is achieved, in addition, each structural column and the corresponding snow layer, the mixed layer, the ice layer or the original snow around the structural column further form a stable and connecting structure, and the purpose of improving the integrity and the structural strength of the polar runway is further achieved.
Preferably, the skeleton is including horizontal reinforcing bar and longitudinal reinforcement, horizontal reinforcing bar and longitudinal reinforcement intersection form the joint point, the joint point is buried in corresponding snow post, hybrid column, foundation pillar or side pillar underground.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, inject the juncture of horizontal reinforcing bar and vertical reinforcing bar in snow post, mixed post, foundation column or the side pillar that corresponds to make skeleton and each structure post constitute overall structure, and lead each functional layer with the power that the top functional layer received via skeleton and each structure post fast, improve holistic stability and structural strength.
Preferably, the surface layer of the polar region runway is provided with a mixed layer, the mixed layer on the surface layer of the polar region runway comprises a take-off and landing area and a retarding area, and the extending thickness of the mixed layer towards the ice layer direction is gradually reduced from the take-off and landing area to the retarding area.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, according to the aircraft take off and land and the corresponding district of taking off and land of characteristic design and the slow speed district that runs two stages of slowly to the characteristics in two regions, the extension thickness of injecing the mixed layer reduces by taking off and land district to slow speed district gradually, when improving the structural strength that the mixed layer corresponds the district position of taking off and land, reduces the unnecessary construction.
Preferably, the framework in the mixed layer on the surface layer of the polar region runway comprises a take-off and landing framework and a retarding framework, the take-off and landing framework is embedded in a take-off and landing area, and the retarding framework is embedded in a retarding area; the longitudinal reinforcing steel bars of the slow speed skeleton extend to the snow layer of the lower layer, and the longitudinal reinforcing steel bars of the take-off and landing skeleton extend to the snow columns of the snow layer of the lower layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the lifting framework is embedded in the lifting area, the retarding framework is embedded in the retarding area, the structural strength of a mixed layer on the surface layer of the polar runway is improved, the downward extending positions of longitudinal steel bars of the frameworks of the lifting framework are limited according to different functions of the retarding area and the lifting area, one is that the frameworks in the surface layer of the polar runway and a snow layer below form an integral structure, the structural strength and the stability of the surface layer of the polar runway are further improved, and the other is that the corresponding extending positions of the longitudinal steel bars are designed according to actual requirements, so that unnecessary construction is reduced.
Preferably, the longitudinal steel bars and the transverse steel bars of the framework are provided with holes.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, set up the hole on the vertical reinforcing bar of skeleton and horizontal reinforcing bar, then when each functional layer of construction and the warm snow operation of carrying out manual watering, the mixture that ice and snow after the melting or ice and snow and the material that has the hole constitute can enter into the hole of vertical reinforcing bar and horizontal reinforcing bar and solidify to make skeleton and snow layer, mix the layer and constitute overall structure, when remedying the structural strength influence that the hole pair reinforcing bar caused, further improve skeleton and polar region runway major structure's joint strength and connection stability.
Preferably, the surface of the mixed layer positioned on the surface layer of the polar runway is watered to form a runway surface, the runway surface is respectively provided with a take-off and landing surface and a retarding surface corresponding to the take-off and landing area and the retarding area, and the surface roughness and hardness of the take-off and landing surface are both greater than those of the retarding surface.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt the mode of watering to form the runway surface to prescribe a limit to the roughness and the hardness of runway surface, in order to improve the land fertility of grabbing when aircraft takes off and land, improve the ability of resistance to wear on utmost point runway top layer simultaneously.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for constructing an ice and snow runway, which adopts the following technical scheme:
s1, excavating a runway foundation pit in original snow on the polar region until an ice layer below the original snow is exposed, and reserving the excavated original snow; s2, pre-forming a bottom hole on the surface of the ice layer, forming a side hole in the original accumulated snow on the periphery corresponding to the ice layer, and compacting and injecting the original accumulated snow mixed with the porous material into the bottom hole and the side hole; s3, corresponding to the bottom holes and the side holes formed in the step S2, erecting and welding a framework, coating longitudinal steel bars and binding points of the framework through a template, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the template and compacting, and using the template in cooperation with the corresponding bottom holes and the corresponding side holes; s4, after the mixed accumulated snow in the template is solidified on the framework, the template is dismantled, and the original accumulated snow is filled in the foundation pit to a preset height, so that the construction of a snow layer is completed; s5, watering the surface of the snow layer constructed in the step S4 to form a warming layer; s6, opening snow holes on the surface of the snow layer constructed in the step S5, and opening side holes in the original snow cover around the mixed layer; s7, corresponding to the snow holes and the side holes formed in the step S6, erecting and welding a framework, coating longitudinal steel bars and binding points of the framework through a template, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the snow holes, the side holes and the template in the step S6 and compacting the snow, and matching the template with the corresponding snow holes and the side holes for use; s8, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework, dismantling the template, and filling the original snow mixed with the porous material into the foundation pit to a preset height to complete the construction of the mixed layer; s9, forming a mixing hole on the surface of the mixed layer obtained in the step S8, forming a side hole in the original snow cover around the snow layer, and compacting and injecting the original snow cover mixed with the porous material into the mixing hole and the side hole; s10, corresponding to the mixing holes and the side holes formed in the step S9, erecting and welding a framework, coating longitudinal steel bars and binding points of the framework through a template, then injecting original snow of mixed porous materials into the template and compacting, and using the template in cooperation with the corresponding mixing holes and the corresponding side holes; s11, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework, the template is dismantled, and the original snow is filled in the foundation pit to a preset height, so that the construction of a snow layer is completed; s12, repeating the steps from S5 to S11 until the mixed layer is used as a mixed layer of the runway surface; s13, constructing the mixed layer in the step S12 by referring to the steps S6-S8, extending longitudinal steel bars of the skeleton to a snow layer or a snow pillar below, reducing the layer thickness of the mixed layer from a rising and landing area to a retarding area, watering snowwater on the surface of the mixed layer, and vibrating to obtain a rising and landing surface and a retarding surface with different surface roughness and strength.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the snow layer, the mixing layer and the warming layer are superposed to form a main body structure of the polar region runway. After each layer of snow layer is paved and compacted, watering is carried out on the surface of each layer of snow layer to form a warming layer, and the snow density is improved in a mode of manually watering hot water for heating snow; meanwhile, a mixing layer is clamped between the adjacent snow layers, and the materials with holes in the mixing layer can be solidified with the melted snow in the mixing layer and the melted snow in the adjacent snow layers to form an integral structure so as to form a more stable connecting structure, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the integral structure strength of the polar runway;
2. by means of a snow column-mixing hole structure formed by the snow layer and the mixing layer, a mixed column-snow hole structure formed by the mixing layer and the snow layer, a bottom column-bottom hole structure formed by the ice layer and the adjacent snow layer and a side column-side hole structure formed by each functional layer and the surrounding original accumulated snow, the functional layers, the ice layer and the surrounding original accumulated snow form an integral structure, and the aim of further improving the integral structural strength of the polar runway is fulfilled;
3. the framework is embedded in each functional layer, the structure of the framework, the extending position of the longitudinal steel bar in the depth direction, the combination point of the longitudinal steel bar and the transverse steel bar and the relative positions of each functional layer and each functional column are limited, and on the basis of improving the structural strength of each functional layer, the ice layer and the original snow around form an integral structure, so that the aim of further improving the structural strength of the polar runway is fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an arctic snow runway according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a detailed view of a snow layer cross-section primarily used to show a warming layer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view mainly used for showing the burying position and structure of the skeleton in the functional layer;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram mainly used for showing the position and structure of the take-off and landing zone, the slow speed zone and the take-off and landing framework and slow speed framework therein.
Description of reference numerals: 1. an ice layer; 11. a bottom hole; 2. a snow layer; 21. a snow column; 22. snow holes; 23. a bottom pillar; 3. a mixed layer; 31. a mixing hole; 32. a mixing column; 4. a warming layer; 51. a side post; 52. a side hole; 6. a framework; 61. longitudinal reinforcing steel bars; 62. transverse reinforcing steel bars; 63. a binding site; 71. a take-off and landing zone; 711. a lifting surface; 72. a retarding area; 721. a retarding surface; 8. a lifting framework; 9. a retarding framework.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-4.
The embodiment of the application discloses an ice and snow runway on polar region.
Referring to fig. 1, the polar region ice and snow runway comprises a bottom ice layer 1 and a plurality of snow layers 2 compacted on the ice layer 1, wherein a mixed layer 3 is clamped between the adjacent snow layers 2, and the mixed layer 3 is formed by mixing and compacting ice and snow and materials with pores; in the process of compacting the snow layer 2 and the mixing layer 3, the snow in the snow layer 2 and the mixing layer 3 is melted to a certain degree, the snow compactness of the melted and solidified snow layer 2 can be effectively improved, and the melted snow can enter pores of the material and be solidified, so that the snow compactness, the overall structural strength and the stability of the mixing layer 3 are greatly improved, and the purpose of improving the strength of the polar runway is achieved.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a snow layer 2 and a mixed layer 3 are compacted to form a main body structure of the polar runway, wherein the snow layer 2 and the mixed layer 3 are functional layers, the snow layer 2 is directly contacted with an ice layer 1 at the bottom in the main body structure, then the mixed layer 3 is obtained by compacting construction on the snow layer 2, then the mixed layer 2 at the other layer is obtained by compacting construction on the basis of the mixed layer 3, and the like is repeated until the mixed layer 3 at the uppermost layer of the main body structure is obtained by compacting construction and is used as the surface layer of the polar runway. In the actual work progress, need when each layer of snow layer 2 of compaction, at the upside of snow layer 2, the one side that the layer 3 was mixed to the upper strata is close to snow layer 2 promptly, obtains the layer 4 that adds warms up of snow layer 2 through the mode of manual work or mechanical watering, introduces and adds warmup layer 4, can realize the purpose of rapid heating up melting snow layer 2 to further improve snow layer 2 self snow density. In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the wood chips are used as the material having pores, which is more effective in bonding with the melted ice and snow, and is advantageous in improving the overall bonding stability of the mixed layer 3.
With reference to fig. 1, on the basis of the above, the main structure of the polar runway is further reinforced by using a "column-hole" structure, i.e. a "column-hole" structure is formed between the adjacent snow layer 2 and the mixed layer 3, a "column-hole" structure is formed between the bottom ice layer 1 and the adjacent snow layer 2, and a "column-hole" structure is formed between each functional layer and the original snow cover around the main structure, and the following is developed in combination with the specific structure.
Referring to fig. 1, the "pillar-hole" structure formed between the adjacent snow layer 2 and mixed layer 3 includes two forms. In the first form, the bottom surface of the snow layer 2 faces downwards and uniformly extends to form snow columns 21 in the direction of the adjacent mixing layer 3, the snow columns 21 are of a vertically downward-extending columnar structure, the top surface of the adjacent mixing layer 3 below is provided with mixing holes 31, the snow columns 21 and the mixing holes 31 correspond one to one and form a splicing fit, and thus a splicing fit structure of the snow columns 21 and the mixing holes 31 is formed; in the second form, the bottom surface of the mixing layer 3 is uniformly extended towards the direction of the snow layer 2 adjacent to the lower part to form a mixing column 32, the mixing column 32 is of a vertical downwardly extended columnar structure, the top surface of the snow layer 2 adjacent to the lower part is provided with snow holes 22, the mixing column 32 and the snow holes 22 are in one-to-one correspondence and form splicing matching, and thus a splicing matching structure of the mixing column 32-the snow holes 22 is formed.
Referring to fig. 1, the bottom surface of the snow layer 2 adjacent to the ice layer 1 at the bottom is uniformly extended to form a bottom pillar 23, the bottom pillar 23 is of a vertical and downward extending columnar structure, the top surface of the ice layer 1 at the bottom is provided with a bottom hole 11, and the bottom pillars 23 and the bottom holes 11 are in one-to-one correspondence and form a splicing fit so as to form a splicing fit structure of 'bottom pillar 23-bottom hole 11'.
Referring to fig. 1, side pillars 51 are uniformly formed on the peripheral side of each functional layer in an extending manner, the side pillars 51 are in a horizontally extending columnar structure, side holes 52 are formed in the original snow cover around the main body structure, and the side pillars 51 and the side holes 52 are in one-to-one correspondence and form a plug-in fit, so as to form a plug-in fit structure of "side pillars 51-side holes 52".
Referring to fig. 1, in the actual construction process, except that the mixing column 32 and the side column 51 to which the mixing layer 3 belongs are formed by mixing and compacting ice and snow and wood chips, the snow column 21, the bottom column 23 and the side column 51 are also formed by mixing and compacting ice and snow and wood chips, and the snow column 21, the bottom column 23 and the side column 51 extend into the corresponding snow layer 2 along the axial direction, so that the accumulated snow in the snow layer 2 is melted in the compacting process and enters the wood chips contained in the corresponding structural columns, the structural strength of each functional layer is further improved, and the connection integrity between the adjacent functional layers is improved to a certain extent.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in order to further improve the strength of the polar region runway, a framework 6 is buried between the snow layer 2 and the mixed layer 3, the framework 6 includes transverse steel bars 62 and longitudinal steel bars 61, the transverse steel bars 62 and the longitudinal steel bars 61 form a frame structure which is staggered transversely and longitudinally, a plurality of joint points 63 are formed between the transverse steel bars 62 and the longitudinal steel bars 61, each joint point 63 corresponds to a structural column of a functional layer where the framework 6 is located, that is, the number of the transverse steel bars 62 and the longitudinal steel bars 61 and the selection of the intersection welding points of the transverse steel bars 62 and the longitudinal steel bars 61 need to correspond to the positions and the number of the structural columns of the corresponding functional layers, so that the structural columns are molded to wrap the joint points 63 of the framework 6, and the integrity and the functional layers where the framework 6 is located and the structural stability are improved. In addition, all be formed with the hole that is linked together on skeleton 6's horizontal reinforcing bar 62 and the vertical reinforcing bar 61, then the snow of each functional layer, structure post gets into the hole resolidification in the molten in-process, perhaps mix the area saw-dust and get into the hole resolidification in, further improve skeleton 6 and each functional layer, the connection wholeness and the overall structure stability of structure post, compensate simultaneously and offer the influence that the hole caused to its self structural strength on skeleton 6, and improved overall structure's intensity to a certain extent.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, it should be noted that, in addition, separate reinforcing bars may be embedded in the surrounding original snow cover, and the separately embedded reinforcing bars and the transverse reinforcing bars 62 of the framework 6 embedded in the corresponding functional layer are welded to form bonding points, and the positions of the bonding points may be selected at the corresponding side pillars 51 or the side holes 52 to further improve the connection integrity and the structural strength of the main body structure and the surrounding original snow cover.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the surface layer of the polar runway, i.e. the runway surface of the polar runway, is a mixed layer 3, the mixed layer 3 includes a take-off and landing zone 71 and a retardation zone 72, the take-off and landing zone 71 corresponds to a zone where the aircraft is most stressed in contact with the runway surface, and the retardation zone 72 corresponds to a zone where the aircraft slides on the runway surface. The vertical downward extension thickness of the mixing layer 3 is gradually reduced from the rising and landing area 71 to the retarding area 72, namely, the bottom surface of the mixing layer 3, which is in contact with the snow layer 2 below, is obliquely and upwards arranged from the rising and landing area 71 to the retarding area 72; by increasing the extension thickness of the take-off and landing area 71, the great impact on the runway surface caused by the take-off and landing of the aircraft is buffered. In addition, the top surfaces of the rising and falling area 71 and the slow speed area 72 are respectively provided as the rising and falling surface 711 and the slow speed surface 721, and raceway surfaces different in surface roughness and hardness are formed by artificial watering for warming and vibrating, and the surface roughness and hardness of the rising and falling surface 711 need to be larger than those of the slow speed surface 721 to reduce surface wear of the rising and falling surface 711.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in order to further improve the structural strength of the mixed layer 3, the framework 6 of the mixed layer 3 used as the runway surface of the polar region is divided into a take-off and landing framework 8 and a slow speed framework 9, the take-off and landing framework 8 is embedded in the snow layer 2 of the corresponding take-off and landing zone 71, the slow speed framework 9 is embedded in the snow layer 2 of the corresponding slow speed zone 72, the longitudinal steel bars 61 of the slow speed framework 9 need to vertically extend downwards into the snow layer 2 of the lower layer, and the longitudinal steel bars 61 of the take-off and landing framework 8 need to vertically extend downwards into the snow columns 21 of the snow layer 2 of the lower layer, so as to achieve the purpose of further improving the structural strength of the runway surface and improve the connection strength and the overall stability of the runway surface and the snow layer 2 of the lower layer.
The implementation principle of the polar region runway in the embodiment of the application is as follows: the snow layer 2, the mixing layer 3 and the warming layer 4 are superposed to form a main body structure of the polar region runway. After each layer of snow layer 2 is paved and compacted, watering is carried out on the surface of each layer of snow layer 2 to form a warming layer 4, and the snow density is improved in a mode of manually watering hot water for heating snow; meanwhile, the mixed layer 3 is clamped between the adjacent snow layers 2, materials with pores in the mixed layer 3 can be solidified with the melted snow in the mixed layer 3 and the melted snow in the adjacent snow layers 2 to form an integral structure, a framework 6 is embedded in each functional layer, and a column-hole structure of each functional layer, the functional layer and the ice layer 1 at the bottom and the functional layer and the original ice and snow around the functional layer is formed to form a more stable connecting structure, so that the aim of improving the integral structure strength of the polar runway is fulfilled.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a construction method of the ice and snow runway.
A construction method of an ice and snow runway comprises the following steps:
s1, excavating a runway foundation pit in original accumulated snow on an polar region until an ice layer 1 below the original accumulated snow is exposed, retaining the excavated original accumulated snow, and completing mechanical decomposition of the excavated original accumulated snow at a temperature of-2 ℃;
s2, pre-forming a bottom hole 11 on the surface of the ice layer 1, forming a side hole 52 in the original snow cover on the periphery corresponding to the snow layer 2, and pressing and injecting the original snow cover mixed with wood chips or sawdust into the bottom hole 11 and the side hole 52;
s3, corresponding to the bottom holes 11 and the side holes 52 formed in the step S2, erecting and welding the framework 6, coating the longitudinal steel bars 61 and the binding points 63 of the framework 6 through a template, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the template and compacting, and matching the template with the corresponding bottom holes 11 and the corresponding side holes 52 for use;
s4, after the mixed accumulated snow in the template is solidified on the framework 6, dismantling the template, and filling the original accumulated snow into the foundation pit to a preset height to complete the construction of the snow layer 2;
s5, watering the surface of the snow layer 2 constructed in the step S4 to form a warming layer 4, watering 3 cm for each 25 cm of snow thickness to realize local warming, and sintering at the temperature below-10 ℃;
s6, arranging snow holes 22 on the surface of the snow layer 2 constructed in the step S5, and arranging side holes 52 in the original snow cover around the mixed layer 3;
s7, corresponding to the snow holes 22 and the side holes 52 formed in the step S6, erecting and welding the framework 6, coating the longitudinal steel bars 61 and the bonding points 63 of the framework 6 through a template, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the snow holes 22, the side holes 52 and the template in the step S6 and compacting the snow, and matching the template with the corresponding snow holes 22 and the side holes 52 for use;
s8, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework 6, the template is dismantled, original snow mixed with porous materials is filled in the foundation pit to a preset height, the construction of the mixed layer 3 is completed, and the mixed layer 3 is formed by mixing 3 cm-thick sawdust or wood chips in each 15 cm-thick snow layer and mechanically mixing;
s9, forming a mixed hole 31 on the surface of the mixed layer 3 obtained in the step S8, forming a side hole 52 in the original snow on the periphery corresponding to the snow layer 2, and compacting and injecting the original snow mixed with the wood chips or the sawdust into the mixed hole 31 and the side hole 52;
s10, corresponding to the mixing holes 31 and the side holes 52 formed in the step S9, erecting and welding the framework 6, coating the longitudinal steel bars 61 and the binding points 63 of the framework 6 through a template, then injecting original snow cover mixed with porous materials into the template and compacting the snow cover, and matching the template with the corresponding mixing holes 31 and the side holes 52 for use;
s11, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework 6, the template is dismantled, and the original snow is filled in the foundation pit to a preset height, so that the snow layer 2 is constructed;
s12, repeating the steps from S5 to S11 until the mixed layer 3 serving as the runway surface is obtained;
s13. the mixed layer 3 in step S12 is constructed with reference to steps S6 to S8, while it is necessary to extend the longitudinal reinforcing bars 61 of the skeleton 6 into the snow layer 2 or snow pillar 21 below, and it is necessary to reduce the layer thickness of the mixed layer 3 from the take-off and landing zone 71 to the speed reducing zone 72, and to pour hot water and snow on the surface of the mixed layer 3 and to vibrate the take-off and landing face 711 and the speed reducing face 721 of different surface roughness and strength.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An arctic snow runway, characterized by: the snow-ice-free runway comprises an ice layer (1) and a snow layer (2) formed on the ice layer (1), wherein the snow layer (2) is stacked and compacted on the ice layer (1) in a multi-layer mode, a mixing layer (3) used for increasing the strength of the runway is clamped between the adjacent snow layers (2), the mixing layer (3) is formed by mixing ice and snow and materials with pores, and a warming layer (4) is formed by watering the upper side, close to the mixing layer (3), of the snow layer (2); the snow layer (2) is provided with a snow column (21) in an extending mode near the lower side of the mixing layer (3), the mixing layer (3) is provided with a mixing hole (31) in an extending mode near the upper side of the snow layer (2), the snow column (21) and the corresponding mixing hole (31) form a splicing fit, the mixing layer (3) is provided with a mixing column (32) in an extending mode near the lower layer of the snow layer (2), the snow layer (2) is provided with a snow hole (22) in an extending mode near the lower volume of the mixing layer (3), and the mixing column (32) and the corresponding snow hole (22) form a splicing fit; and a framework (6) is embedded between the snow layer (2) and the mixed layer (3).
2. An arctic snowcourse according to claim 1, wherein: snow layer (2) are close to the downside extension of ice sheet (1) and are formed with foundation (23), ice sheet (1) is close to the upside of snow layer (2) and offers and is formed with bottom outlet (11), just foundation (23) and corresponding bottom outlet (11) constitute the cooperation of pegging graft.
3. An arctic snowcourse according to claim 2, wherein: the snow layer (2) and the mixed layer (3) extend to form side columns (51) on the periphery, side holes (52) are formed in the original snow cover around the polar region runway, and the side columns (51) are in plug-in fit with the corresponding side holes (52).
4. An arctic snowcourse according to claim 3, wherein: the mixed layer (3) is formed by mixing ice and snow and wood chips; the snow column (21), the bottom column (23) and the side columns (51) are all formed by mixing ice and snow and sawdust, and the snow column (21), the bottom column (23) and the side columns (51) all extend into the corresponding snow layer (2).
5. An arctic snowcourse according to claim 4, wherein: skeleton (6) are including horizontal reinforcing bar (62) and longitudinal reinforcement (61), horizontal reinforcing bar (62) and longitudinal reinforcement (61) intersection are formed with joint point (63), joint point (63) are buried in corresponding snow post (21), hybrid column (32), foundation column (23) or side column (51).
6. An arctic snowcourse according to claim 4, wherein: the surface layer of the polar region runway is provided with a mixed layer (3), the mixed layer (3) on the surface layer of the polar region runway comprises a take-off and landing area (71) and a retarding area (72), and the extending thickness of the mixed layer (3) towards the ice layer (1) is gradually reduced from the take-off and landing area (71) to the retarding area (72).
7. An arctic snowcourse according to claim 6, wherein: the framework (6) in the mixed layer (3) positioned on the surface layer of the polar region runway comprises a take-off and landing framework (8) and a retarding framework (9), the take-off and landing framework (8) is embedded in a take-off and landing area (71), and the retarding framework (9) is embedded in a retarding area (72); the longitudinal steel bars (61) of the slow speed skeleton (9) extend into the snow layer (2) of the lower layer, and the longitudinal steel bars (61) of the take-off and landing skeleton (8) extend into the snow columns (21) of the snow layer (2) of the lower layer.
8. An arctic snowcourse according to claim 4 or 7, wherein: and the longitudinal steel bars (61) and the transverse steel bars (62) of the framework (6) are provided with holes.
9. An arctic snowcourse according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: the surface of the mixed layer (3) on the surface layer of the polar region runway is watered to form a runway surface, a landing surface (711) and a retarding surface (721) are respectively formed on the runway surface corresponding to the landing area (71) and the retarding area (72), and the surface roughness and hardness of the landing surface (711) are both greater than those of the retarding surface (721).
10. A construction method of the polar ice and snow runway according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1, excavating a runway foundation pit in original snow cover of a polar region until an ice layer (1) below the original snow cover is exposed, and reserving the excavated original snow cover;
s2, pre-forming a bottom hole (11) in the surface of the ice layer (1), forming a side hole (52) in the original snow cover around the ice layer (2), and compacting and injecting the original snow cover mixed with the porous material into the bottom hole (11) and the side hole (52);
s3, corresponding to the bottom holes (11) and the side holes (52) formed in the step S2, erecting and welding the framework (6), coating longitudinal steel bars (61) and binding points (63) of the framework (6) through a template, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the template and compacting, and matching the template with the corresponding bottom holes (11) and the corresponding side holes (52) for use;
s4, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework (6), the template is dismantled, and the original snow is filled in the foundation pit to a preset height, so that the snow layer (2) is constructed;
s5, watering the surface of the snow layer (2) constructed in the step S4 to form a warming layer (4);
s6, opening snow holes (22) in the surface of the snow layer (2) constructed in the step S5, and opening side holes (52) in the original snow cover around the mixed layer (3);
s7, corresponding to the snow holes (22) and the side holes (52) formed in the step S6, erecting and welding the framework (6), coating longitudinal steel bars (61) and binding points (63) of the framework (6) through a template, then injecting original snow mixed with pore materials into the snow holes (22), the side holes (52) and the template in the step S6 and compacting the snow, and matching the template with the corresponding snow holes (22) and the side holes (52) for use;
s8, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework (6), dismantling the template, filling the original snow mixed with the porous material into the foundation pit to a preset height, and completing construction of the mixed layer (3);
s9, forming a mixed hole (31) on the surface of the mixed layer (3) obtained in the step S8, forming a side hole (52) in the original snow cover around the snow layer (2), and compacting and injecting the original snow cover mixed with the porous material into the mixed hole (31) and the side hole (52);
s10, corresponding to the mixing holes (31) and the side holes (52) formed in the step S9, erecting and welding the framework (6), coating longitudinal steel bars (61) and binding points (63) of the framework (6) through a template, then injecting original accumulated snow of the mixed porous materials into the template and compacting, and matching the template with the corresponding mixing holes (31) and the corresponding side holes (52) for use;
s11, after the mixed snow in the template is solidified on the framework (6), the template is dismantled, and the original snow is filled in the foundation pit to a preset height, so that the snow layer (2) is constructed;
s12, repeating the steps S5-S11 until the mixed layer (3) serving as the runway surface is obtained;
s13, constructing the mixed layer (3) in the step S12 by referring to the steps S6-S8, simultaneously extending the longitudinal steel bars (61) of the skeleton (6) to the snow layer (2) or the snow pillar (21) below, reducing the layer thickness of the mixed layer (3) from the rising and falling area (71) to the speed reducing area (72), pouring hot water and snow on the surface of the mixed layer (3) and vibrating to obtain a rising and falling surface (711) and a speed reducing surface (721) with different surface roughness and strength.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115262461A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-11-01 | 中国极地研究中心(中国极地研究所) | Natural multilayer snow layer compacting construction device and construction method |
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