CN113322564B - 一种防电弧面料及其制备方法、应用 - Google Patents

一种防电弧面料及其制备方法、应用 Download PDF

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CN113322564B
CN113322564B CN202110695555.2A CN202110695555A CN113322564B CN 113322564 B CN113322564 B CN 113322564B CN 202110695555 A CN202110695555 A CN 202110695555A CN 113322564 B CN113322564 B CN 113322564B
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acrylic
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CN113322564A (zh
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鞠彬彬
陈现景
聂来聪
刘建志
丛林
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Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection
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Abstract

本发明属于纺织品技术领域，具体涉及一种防电弧面料及其制备方法、应用。该防电弧面料通过以下原料制备而成：聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺纤维40‑55%、阻燃粘胶40‑55%、腈纶铜络合导电纤维2‑3%、壳聚糖2‑3%。本发明提供的面料，制备成的防护服遇火能够迅速膨胀增厚，不收缩、不熔滴，且具有一定的抗菌抑菌能力。本发明制备的面料透气性好，经水洗后，仍能够保持优良的阻燃性能及防护作用，符合国家有关纺织基本安全技术规范，具有良好的社会效益。

Description

一种防电弧面料及其制备方法、应用
技术领域
本发明属于纺织品技术领域，具体涉及一种防电弧面料及其制备方法、应用。
背景技术
电弧伤，一般是指人体在没有接触电流时，由于人在有电的环境周围遭遇到电在电离空气时产生的巨大电弧热而引起的电弧热烧伤；而其他电损伤往往更多的是由于人体直接接触到电源电流而导致的内外人体组织的破坏性损伤。电弧危险往往与其他电损伤不同，它经常是无需接触还容易被疏忽、难以避免，直接接触点燃的衣物会造成工人的严重烧伤或死亡。
随着工业的快速发展，出现了越来越多的电弧伤害事故，面对事故的多发，如果工作人员穿着具有防火及热防护性能的服装，其遭受的伤害就越小，防电弧面料制备而成的服装，有效的解决了长期困扰在电力、化工等行业工作人员的安全问题，大大的降低了电弧对工作人员的伤害概率。
防电弧面料的防护效果是基于电弧放电的原理，该系列的面料具有耐热、阻燃、不助燃、不熔融和H级电绝缘等永久性的防火、绝缘等特点。在电弧爆炸发生时，这种面料会迅速膨胀、织物炭化从而组织密度加大并便后，迅速地形成保护层，从而使得人体皮肤与电弧热能的伤害降至最低。目前，防电弧面料存在水洗一定次数后，存在炭化不完全，导致某些部位仍易被电弧伤害，且易发霉产生病菌。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种防电弧面料，该面料制备成的防护服遇火能够迅速膨胀增厚，不收缩、不熔滴，且具有一定的抗菌抑菌能力。
本发明还提供了上述防电弧面料的制备方法，工艺简单，适合大规模生产。
本发明还提供了一种上述防电弧面料在制备防电弧服中的应用。
本发明为了实现上述目的所采用的技术方案为：
本发明提供了一种防电弧面料，通过以下原料制备而成：聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺纤维40-55%、阻燃粘胶40-55%、腈纶铜络合导电纤维2-3%、壳聚糖2-3%。
本发明所使用的腈纶铜络合导电纤维通过以下方法制备而成：
（1）将腈纶短纤维浸泡于含有脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的柠檬酸水溶液中，升温至70-75℃，浸泡8-10min后，洗涤，得预处理腈纶短纤维；
（2）将预处理后的腈纶短纤维加入硝酸铜，然后加入二甲基甲酰胺，薄荷醇，搅拌均匀，然后升温至80-90℃下，保温30-40min；
（3）将混合溶液中加入三乙醇胺，在50-60℃下反应50-60min，反应结束后，冷却至室温，水洗烘干后即可。
进一步的，步骤（1）中，所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚在水溶液中的浓度为3-5%；所述柠檬酸水溶液的浓度为15g/L。
进一步的，步骤（2）中，所述硝酸铜的加入量占腈纶短纤维质量的20-30%；所述硝酸铜在二甲基甲酰胺中的浓度为0.3 M；所述薄荷醇在二甲基甲酰胺中的浓度为2.5%。
进一步的，所述硝酸铜和三乙醇胺的摩尔比为1：1。
本发明还提供了一种上述防电弧面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（a）按照配比组成称取各原料，然后加工制备成单股短纤纱，将短纤纱利用合股机制备双股纱线；
（b）将双股纱线作为纱线和维线，然后以3×1的斜纹构造进行编织，将编织好的坯布进行染色、拉幅、定型、打卷后制成成品面料。
本发明还提供了一种防电弧面料在制备防电弧服中的应用。
本发明所使用的阻燃粘胶为硅氮阻燃粘胶。
本发明的有益效果为：
（1）本发明提供的面料，制备成的防护服遇火能够迅速膨胀增厚，不收缩、不熔滴，且具有一定的抗菌抑菌能力。
（2）本发明制备的面料透气性好，经水洗后，仍能够保持优良的阻燃性能及防护作用，符合国家有关纺织基本安全技术规范，具有良好的社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的解释和说明。
实施例1
一种防电弧面料，组成为：聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺纤维40%、阻燃粘胶55%、腈纶铜络合导电纤维3%、壳聚糖2%。
腈纶铜络合导电纤维通过以下方法制备而成：
（1）将腈纶短纤维浸泡于含有5%脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的柠檬酸水溶液（15g/L）中，升温至75℃，浸泡10min后，洗涤，得预处理腈纶短纤维；
（2）将预处理后的腈纶短纤维加入占腈纶短纤维质量的25%的硝酸铜，然后加入二甲基甲酰胺使硝酸铜在其中的浓度为0.3M，加入薄荷醇，搅拌均匀，然后升温至80-90℃下，保温30-40min；
（3）将混合溶液中加入同硝酸铜等摩尔比的三乙醇胺，在50-60℃下反应50-60min，反应结束后，冷却至室温，水洗烘干后即可。
防电弧面料制备方法为：
（a）按照配比组成称取各原料，然后加工制备成单股短纤纱，将短纤纱利用合股机制备双股纱线；
（b）将双股纱线作为纱线和维线，然后以3×1的斜纹构造进行编织，将编织好的坯布进行染色、拉幅、定型、打卷后制成成品面料。
实施例2
一种防电弧面料，组成为：聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺纤维55%、阻燃粘胶40%、腈纶铜络合导电纤维2%、壳聚糖3%。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种防电弧面料，组成为：聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺纤维45%、阻燃粘胶50%、腈纶铜络合导电纤维3%、壳聚糖2%。
制备方法同实施例1。
对比例1
一种防电弧面料，组成同实施例1。
腈纶铜络合导电纤维通过以下方法制备而成：
（1）将腈纶短纤维浸泡于柠檬酸水溶液（15g/L）中，升温至75℃，浸泡10min后，洗涤，得预处理腈纶短纤维；
（2）将预处理后的腈纶短纤维加入占腈纶短纤维质量的25%的硝酸铜，然后加入二甲基甲酰胺使硝酸铜在其中的浓度为0.3M，搅拌均匀，然后升温至80-90℃下，保温30-40min；
（3）将混合溶液中加入同硝酸铜等摩尔比的三乙醇胺，在50-60℃下反应50-60min，反应结束后，冷却至室温，水洗烘干后即可。
对比例2
一种防电弧面料，组成同实施例1。
腈纶铜络合导电纤维通过以下方法制备而成：
（1）将腈纶短纤维浸泡于含有5%脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的柠檬酸水溶液（15g/L）中，升温至75℃，浸泡10min后，洗涤，得预处理腈纶短纤维；
（2）将预处理后的腈纶短纤维加入占腈纶短纤维质量的25%的硝酸铜，然后加入二甲基甲酰胺使硝酸铜在其中的浓度为0.3M，加入薄荷醇，搅拌均匀，然后升温至80-90℃下，保温30-40min；
（3）将混合溶液中加入同硝酸铜等摩尔比的甲醛，在50-60℃下反应50-60min，反应结束后，冷却至室温，水洗烘干后即可。
对比例3
一种防电弧面料，组成为：聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺纤维40%、阻燃粘胶55%、腈纶铜络合导电纤维5%。
制备方法基本同实施例1。
（一）按照GB/T4669检测制备的面料的单位面积质量，按照《DL-T 320-2010个人电弧防护用品通用技术要求》，将制备的防电弧服（长大褂型单层），进行防护等级ATPV（电弧耐热标准值）检测，按照GA10-2014检测其热收缩率，具体结果见表1。
表1
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
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（二）按照GB/T8630-2001检测其水洗后尺寸稳定性，洗涤方法按照GB8629-2003规定的方法进行洗涤，进行水洗30次后检测其防水等级，具体结果见表2。
表2
Figure 806774DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
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Claims (6)

1.一种防电弧面料，其特征在于，通过以下原料制备而成：聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺纤维40-55%、阻燃粘胶40-55%、腈纶铜络合导电纤维2-3%、壳聚糖2-3%；
所述腈纶铜络合导电纤维通过以下方法制备而成：
（1）将腈纶短纤维浸泡于含有脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的柠檬酸水溶液中，升温至70-75℃，浸泡8-10min后，洗涤，得预处理腈纶短纤维；
（2）将预处理后的腈纶短纤维加入硝酸铜，然后加入二甲基甲酰胺，薄荷醇，搅拌均匀，然后升温至80-90℃下，保温30-40min；
（3）将混合溶液中加入三乙醇胺，在50-60℃下反应50-60min，反应结束后，冷却至室温，水洗烘干后即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防电弧面料，其特征在于，步骤（1）中，所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚在水溶液中的浓度为3-5%；所述柠檬酸水溶液的浓度为15g/L。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防电弧面料，其特征在于，步骤（2）中，所述硝酸铜的加入量占腈纶短纤维质量的20-30%；所述硝酸铜在二甲基甲酰胺中的浓度为0.3 M；所述薄荷醇在二甲基甲酰胺中的浓度为2.5%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的防电弧面料，其特征在于，所述硝酸铜和三乙醇胺的摩尔比为1：1。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的防电弧面料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（a）按照配比组成称取各原料，然后加工制备成单股短纤纱，将短纤纱利用合股机制备双股纱线；
（b）将双股纱线作为纱线和维线，然后以3×1的斜纹构造进行编织，将编织好的坯布进行染色、拉幅、定型、打卷后制成成品面料。
6.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的防电弧面料在制备防电弧服中的应用。
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