CN113322398A

CN113322398A - Wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for engineering truck

Info

Publication number: CN113322398A
Application number: CN202110610407.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯斌; 李威; 张毅; 黄敏; 章建炜; 黄剑杰
Original assignee: Ningbo Xingaoda Advanced Metallic Materials Co Ltd
Current assignee: Ningbo Xingaoda Advanced Metallic Materials Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-01
Filing date: 2021-06-01
Publication date: 2021-08-31

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of alloy materials, in particular to a wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for engineering vehicles, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 11% of Sn, 5 to 11% of Pb, less than 0.2% of Zn, less than 0.5% of P, less than 0.2% of Ni, less than 0.05% of Fe, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein the Sn and the Pb are respectively added as raw materials in the form of single-substance metals, and the P is added as a raw material in the form of a phosphor-copper intermediate alloy. According to the invention, the contents of tin, lead, copper and phosphor-copper alloy are adjusted, so that the prepared tin-lead bronze alloy material has excellent wear resistance, self-lubricating property and corrosion resistance, the bonding strength is high, and the sintering surface is smooth.

Description

Wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for engineering truck

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of alloy materials, in particular to a wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for engineering vehicles.

Background

The plunger pump is an important device of a hydraulic system, and realizes oil absorption and oil pressing by changing the volume of a sealed working cavity through the reciprocating motion of a plunger in a cylinder body. The plunger pump has the advantages of high rated pressure, compact structure, high efficiency, convenient flow regulation and the like, and is widely applied to occasions with high pressure, large flow or flow needing to be regulated, such as hydraulic machines, engineering machinery and ships.

The cylinder body of plunger pump is regarded as one of main spare part, also calls as the rotor block, can set up 7 or 9 plunger holes on the cylinder body, and the during operation plunger reciprocates in the downthehole slip of plunger, and the plunger hole is embedded to be equipped with the copper bush. Plunger pump is at the during operation, and the plunger subassembly can slide in the copper bush, and this copper bush can receive the frictional force who comes from the plunger subassembly this moment, and the bottom of copper bush also can receive the oil pressure of hydraulic oil in addition, and after long-time work, the copper bush drops in the plunger hole easily from, causes plunger pump internals's damage.

At present neotype plunger pump's cylinder body, cancel the installation bush in the plunger downthehole, replace and form first copper layer in the plunger downthehole with the mode of sintering, when simplifying the assembly flow, avoided because the phenomenon of the inside damage that causes of plunger pump that drops of bush among the prior art, the security when having improved the use has also provided very high requirement to the bonding strength of first copper layer material in the plunger downthehole simultaneously. In addition, the tail end of the cylinder body is provided with an inwards concave spherical surface, the oil hole is connected with the spherical surface, a second copper layer is sintered on the surface of the spherical surface, the inwards concave spherical surface is connected with the convex oil distribution disc matched with the inwards concave spherical surface, the degree of relative friction between the inwards concave spherical surface and the convex oil distribution disc is large, and the requirements on the wear resistance, the smoothness and the self-lubricating property of a second copper layer material are very high. In view of the use requirements of the special materials, lead brass, manganese brass and other materials are mostly adopted at home and abroad. The manganese brass is commonly used in the automobile industry, has good wear resistance, but has low bonding strength, poor self-lubricating effect, complex process flow of manufacturers, low recyclability and other elements such as manganese, aluminum, lead and the like; lead brass is commonly used in the machining industry, and has good bonding strength, but the melting-to-liquid transition point of the lead brass is too low, the wear resistance is general, and the self-lubricating property is also general. Therefore, it is required to develop an alloy material having excellent wear resistance, good self-lubricity and high bonding strength.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing manganese brass, lead brass and other materials, and provides a tin-lead-bronze alloy material for engineering vehicles, which has the advantages of good wear resistance, self-lubricating property, corrosion resistance, high bonding strength, smooth sintered surface, soft matrix and hard point combination.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for the engineering truck comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 11% of Sn, 5 to 11% of Pb, less than 0.2% of Zn, less than 0.5% of P, less than 0.2% of Ni, less than 0.05% of Fe, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities.

Further, the alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.5 to 7.5% of Sn, 7 to 9% of Pb, 0.1% of Zn, 0.1 to 0.45% of P, 0.2% of Ni, 0.01% of Fe and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities.

Further, the alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6 to 7% of Sn, 8 to 9% of Pb, less than 0.05% of Zn, 0.3 to 0.4% of P, less than 0.1% of Ni, less than 0.005% of Fe, and the balance of Cu and unavoidable impurities.

Further, the total amount of the four of Cu, Sn, Pb, and P is greater than 99.6%.

Further, the total amount of impurities is not more than 0.15%.

Further, Sn and Pb in the alloy material are added as raw materials in the form of elemental metals, respectively.

Further, the P is added as a raw material in the form of a phosphor-copper intermediate alloy.

Further, the content of P in the phosphorus-copper intermediate alloy is 15%.

The reasons for limiting the types and the addition amounts of the metal elements in the tin-lead bronze are as follows:

copper phosphorus alloy: the addition of trace phosphorus can improve the fluidity of copper and has the effect of deoxidation, and the phosphorus has low solubility in copper, mainly (alpha + Cu)₃P) in the form of a eutectic, Cu₃The P compound has high hardness, can obviously improve the mechanical property of the alloy material, improves the wear resistance, and has the same effect as the P compoundPhosphorus can also obviously reduce the surface tension of copper alloy smelting and improve the fluidity and the mold filling capacity of a melt during sintering. When the phosphorus content is more than 0.5%, eutectic-peritectic reaction can occur at about 637 ℃ to cause hot brittleness, so the P content in the alloy material is preferably 0.3-0.4%.

Lead: the cutting performance and the wear resistance of the material can be improved by adding lead into the alloy material, the lead exists in a simple substance phase and is distributed among the dendrites, the intercrystalline micro-shrinkage cavity is reduced, the compactness of a sintered part is improved, the Pb is a soft phase, the friction coefficient of the alloy can be reduced, the wear resistance and the cutting performance of the alloy are improved, and therefore the content of the Pb in the alloy material is preferably 8-9%.

Tin: tin is solidified under the non-equilibrium condition during casting, the solidification temperature range is large, the alpha phase region is small and has an alpha + (alpha + delta) structure, the alpha phase is a face-centered cubic lattice, the lattice constant a is 3.7053A, and the delta phase is a body-centered complex cubic lattice. The strength and the wear resistance of the alloy material can be improved by adding tin into the alloy material, so that the content of Sn in the alloy material is preferably 6-7%.

Copper: the higher the copper content in the alloy material is, the more alpha phases are, the higher the conductivity is, the better the corrosion resistance and plasticity of the material are, and on the contrary, the conductivity is reduced. The copper content of the raw material electrolytic copper used for the alloy material cannot be lower than 99.95 percent, otherwise, the conductivity of the material can be influenced by the high impurity content of the raw material electrolytic copper.

Compared with the conventional manganese brass material and lead brass material, the wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for the engineering truck provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention obtains the accumulation effect by adjusting the most proper addition amount of copper, tin, lead and copper-phosphorus alloy in the alloy material, the main elements Cu + Sn + Pb + P in the alloy material are more than 99.6 percent, the purity of the raw material is high, the excellent performance of the alloy material is ensured, and the trace phosphorus element and the three components of copper, tin and lead are mutually matched in a specific proportion, so that the prepared alloy material has good fluidity, good filling capacity, good sliding friction resistance, high bonding strength, smooth sintering surface and good corrosion resistance in hydraulic oil. The tin, lead and phosphorus in the tin-lead bronze alloy material provided by the invention have low solubility in solid copper, have little influence on the electric conductivity and the thermal conductivity of copper, and can respectively improve the wear resistance, the sintering strength and the mold filling capacity of copper. The tin-lead bronze alloy material provided by the invention can be widely applied to occasions with high pressure, large flow and flow needing to be adjusted, and can be used as a preferential material for novel plunger pumps in the industries of hydraulic machines, engineering machinery, ships and the like.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description, which should be understood that the following examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, show and describe the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention, and are only illustrative and explanatory of the present invention, but not restrictive thereof.

The preparation method of the wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for the engineering truck, which is provided by the embodiments of the invention, is an industry conventional method, and the general flow is as follows: batching → power frequency induction furnace smelting (alloying treatment, graphite flake covering protection) → continuous casting blank of phi 27mm (smelting temperature 1200 ℃ -1300 ℃, degassing during pouring) → phi 26mm → phi 25mm, and straightening and polishing the finished product by adopting a two-roller straightening machine, wherein Sn used in the batching process is a pure tin ingot, and Pb is a lead ingot. In addition, P used in the batching process is added in the form of Cu-P intermediate alloy, and the final content of each component falls into the batching content range.

The lead brass and manganese brass materials of the comparative examples were also processed using the same process conditions.

The contents of the specific components of the tin-lead bronze alloy material with good wear resistance, self-lubrication and bonding strength performance in each embodiment of the invention and the lead brass and manganese brass material in the comparative example are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 compositions (wt%) of alloy materials in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2

Components	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
						Cu	83.43	84.63	83.99	62.38	58.31
Sn	10.1	5.91	6.89	0.22	0.17
						Pb	5.9	8.89	8.62	3.21	0.88
Zn	0.12	0.089	0.02	33.71	36.56
						P	0.03	0.27	0.35	0.005	0.009
Ni	0.19	0.11	0.08	0.13	0.025
						Fe	0.03	0.009	0.0043	0.18	0.1
Mn	—	—	—	—	2.06
						Al	—	—	—	—	1.51
Impurities	0.2	0.092	0.0457	0.165	0.376

Pb is added into the tin-lead bronze alloy material in the embodiment 1-3 to improve the friction coefficient of the alloy material and improve the wear resistance and the cutting performance of the alloy; the addition of P can obviously reduce the surface tension of copper alloy smelting and improve the fluidity and the mold filling capability of the melt during sintering. The Sn and Pb are added into the alloy material in the embodiment 3 in the optimal percentage combination, so that the comprehensive performance of the wear resistance and the bonding strength of the alloy material can be optimized, and the cost is lowest.

The results of the performance tests of the tin-lead bronze alloy material with good wear resistance, self-lubrication and bonding strength properties of the examples of the invention and the lead brass and manganese brass materials of the comparative examples are shown in table 3.

According to the working condition in the table 2, the abrasion loss and the abrasion coefficient of the alloy material samples of the embodiments 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 2 of the invention are tested and evaluated by adopting a friction abrasion tester through simulating the actual working condition of the plunger pump.

TABLE 2 working conditions simulation conditions of plunger pump

TABLE 3 Properties of alloy materials in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2

By comparing various test data in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2, the tin-lead bronze alloy material provided by the invention has the advantages of good bonding strength, better wear resistance and mold filling capacity, excellent self-lubricating performance and simple process flow compared with the lead brass (HPb63-3) material in the comparative example 1 and the manganese brass (CW713R) material in the comparative example 2.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for engineering vehicles is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 11% of Sn, 5 to 11% of Pb, less than 0.2% of Zn, less than 0.5% of P, less than 0.2% of Ni, less than 0.05% of Fe, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities.

2. The wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for engineering vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.5 to 7.5% of Sn, 7 to 9% of Pb, 0.1% of Zn, 0.1 to 0.45% of P, 0.2% of Ni, 0.01% of Fe and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities.

3. The wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for engineering vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6 to 7% of Sn, 8 to 9% of Pb, less than 0.05% of Zn, 0.3 to 0.4% of P, less than 0.1% of Ni, less than 0.005% of Fe, and the balance of Cu and unavoidable impurities.

4. The wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for engineering vehicles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the total amount of Cu, Sn, Pb and P is greater than 99.6%.

5. The wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for engineering vehicles as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the total amount of impurities is not more than 0.15%.

6. The wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for engineering vehicles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein Sn and Pb in the alloy material are added as raw materials in the form of elemental metals.

7. The wear-resistant tin-lead bronze alloy material for engineering vehicles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein P is added as a raw material in the form of a phosphor-copper intermediate alloy.

8. The wear-resistant tin-lead-bronze alloy material for engineering vehicles as claimed in any one of claim 7, wherein the content of P in the phosphorus-copper master alloy is 15%.