CN113321788A - 四种新的D-A’-π-A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物染料敏化剂及其制备方法与用途 - Google Patents
四种新的D-A’-π-A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物染料敏化剂及其制备方法与用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113321788A CN113321788A CN202010703855.6A CN202010703855A CN113321788A CN 113321788 A CN113321788 A CN 113321788A CN 202010703855 A CN202010703855 A CN 202010703855A CN 113321788 A CN113321788 A CN 113321788A
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Abstract
本发明涉及式1所示的四种新的D‑A’‑π‑A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物PBDTT‑Dv‑Cd、PBDTT‑Dv‑Zn、PBDTT‑Dv‑Cu、PBDTT‑Dv‑Ni及其制备方法与用途,它们以5,5'‑二乙烯基‑2,2'‑联吡啶为主配体与金属配位形成的金属配合物为辅助电子配体A’,以苯并二噻吩联二噻吩(BDTT)为电子给体D,通过Heck反应合成D‑A’‑π‑A结构的聚合金属配合物,实验基于以PBDTT‑Dv‑Cd、PBDTT‑Dv‑Zn、PBDTT‑Dv‑Cu、PBDTT‑Dv‑Ni为染料敏化剂的染料敏化太阳能电池的光伏性能测试都表现出较好的效果:光电转化效率(PCE)分别达到了9.51%、9.11%、8.38%、7.80%,其热分解温度都达到了340℃以上,热稳定性良好,这将在染料敏化太阳能电池的开发应用方面具有一定的前景;
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及四种新的D-A’-π-A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物 PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni及其制备方法与用途,是对染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)中光电敏化材料的研发与应用,属于新材料中的光电材料领域。
背景技术
染料敏化太阳能电池以其性能稳定、质量轻、成本低、制作工艺简单且效率极限值高受到科学界的广泛关注,构型从D-A到D-π-A 再到D-A’-π-A,光电效率和稳定性上都有显著的提升,π基团的引入从实质上是拓展了染料的共轭范围,电子转移更容易,在D-π-A型染料敏化剂结构的基础上引入辅助受体A’,以增加电子受体部分拉电子能力、有效的减少电子复合以及促进分子内电子的转移,使得光电转化效率得到明显提升,因而已成为目前最具发展潜力的一类染料敏化剂。常用有机化合物苯并噻二唑等为辅助受体A’,但其存在拉电子能力受限,共轭平面结构性不够等问题。因金属配合物有很强的吸拉电子能力,并能通过调节配位键强度来调节吸电子能力,而达到染料分子优良的推拉电子平衡。本发明研究用金属配合物代替苯并噻二唑等有机化合物做D-A’-π-A型染料敏化剂的辅助受体A’,并通过聚合扩大分子共轭平面性,设计与制备了四种新的D-A’-π-A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu及PBDTT-Dv-Ni,表现出较好的光伏性能。
发明内容
本发明目的为提供和制备四种以苯并噻二吩联二噻吩衍生物 BDTT为给体(D),以5,5'-二乙烯基-2,2'-联吡啶与金属配位形成的配合物为辅助受体(A’),以2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸与金属配位形成π桥、受体(A)和锚定基团,通过Heck反应将给体和配合物连接而形成的聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、 PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni,该类聚合金属配合物具有良好的光电转换效率和热稳定性,基于以PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、 PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni为染料的电池光伏性能效率最高达到了9.51%、9.11%、8.38%、7.80%,其结构通式如下:
四种新的D-A’-π-A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、 PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的制备方法:
(1)5,5'-二(溴甲基)-2,2'-联吡啶的制备:
加入摩尔比为1.0∶1.8~1.0∶2.2的5,5’-二甲基-2,2’-联吡啶和 NBS于干燥的三口圆底烧瓶,加入纯化干燥后的苯做溶剂,在冰水浴中摇动以溶解固体,再加入精制的偶氮二异丁腈于烧瓶中,氮气保护后升温至沸腾,回流搅拌反应8~16h后冷却至室温,得到淡黄色溶液和黑色固体粘在烧瓶底部,将反应后的溶液倒入饱和NaHSO3的烧杯中,洗涤至水层不显示淡红色,CH2Cl2萃取后合并有机相,用无水硫酸镁干燥后旋蒸至剩余黄色固体粗产物,粗产物用CH2Cl2重结晶后得到浅黄色固体产物5,5'-二(溴甲基)-2,2'-联吡啶;
(2)5,5'-二乙烯基-2,2'-联吡啶的制备:
向圆底烧瓶中依次加入5,5’-二(溴甲基)-2,2'-联吡啶和三苯基膦,摩尔比为1.0∶2.8~1.0∶3.2,再加入纯化后的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺搅拌至完全溶解,升温至90℃,搅拌反应6~12小时,关闭反应待冷却至室温,有淡黄色膦盐析出,用乙醚洗涤膦盐后收集在三口圆底烧瓶中,向反应体系中加入纯化后的二氯甲烷和40%的甲醛溶液,将烧瓶置于冰水浴中,体系外加盐使其降至-5℃后缓慢滴加NaOH溶液,磁力搅拌1h以上,继续搅拌反应8~16h至体系温度至室温,加入去离子水,所得混合液用CH2Cl2萃取,合并下层有机相,无水 MgSO4干燥,旋转蒸发除掉溶剂,粗产物用柱层析分离,展开剂为二氯甲烷与丙酮,其体积比为48.0∶1.0~50.0∶1.0,收集第一个组分,将液体产物置于冰箱内低温密封保存,得到透明丝状晶体5,5'-二乙烯基-2,2'-联吡啶;
(3)5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉的制备:
将8-羟基喹啉以及无水乙醇到三口烧瓶之中,通过搅拌溶解,再缓慢加入氢氧化钠溶液,在回流的条件下缓慢滴加氯仿,8-羟基喹啉与氯仿的摩尔比为1.0∶2.0~1.0∶2.2,继续反应20h以上,待冷却至室温,旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,倒入蒸馏水中,用10%的稀盐酸酸化至 pH为5左右,有砖红色固体析出,抽滤得土黄色固体粗产物并真空干燥,干燥完毕后,将固体研磨成粉,然后用石油醚洗涤8~12h,洗涤所得固体用无水乙醇重结晶,得到橘红色固体5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉;
(4)2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸的制备:
将摩尔比为1.0∶1.4~1.0∶1.6的5-甲酰基-8-羟基喹啉和氰基乙酸放入三口瓶内,加入乙腈,搅拌使其溶解后加入少量的冰醋酸和哌啶,惰性气体保护下加热至85℃反应8~16h后关闭反应,旋转蒸发至反应混合物近饱和,0℃下冷却过夜待晶体析出,过滤干燥后粗产物用25%的乙醇重结晶多次,得橘黄色固体2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5- 基)丙烯酸;
(5)金属配合物Dv-Cd的制备:
取摩尔比为1.0∶0.9~1.0∶1.1的5,5'-二乙烯基-2,2'-联吡啶和2- 氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸于三口瓶中,随即加入无水四氢呋喃,搅拌0.5h,取无水甲醇于烧杯中,加入Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O,搅拌至其溶解后通过恒压滴液漏斗滴入三口瓶中,测量pH并保持体系弱酸性,升温至66℃,回流反应8~16h,反应结束后依次用蒸馏水和无水乙醇洗涤数次,待滴下液体成澄清溶液状,真空干燥产物数天后获得了金黄色固体镉金属配合物Dv-Cd;
(6)金属配合物Dv-Zn、Dv-Cu、Dv-Ni制备:
金属配合物Dv-Zn、Dv-Cu、Dv-Ni参照金属配合物Dv-Cd的合成方法合成,用Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O、Cu(CH3COO)2·2H2O、 Ni(CH3COO)2·2H2O代替Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O,分别得到淡黄色固体锌金属配合物Dv-Zn、土黄色固体铜金属配合物Dv-Cu、黄绿色固体镍金属配合物Dv-Ni;
(7)聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd的制备:
取摩尔比为0.9∶1.0~1.1∶1.0的单体Dv-Cd和2,6-二溴-4,8- 二(5-(2-乙基辛基)噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b']二噻吩(BDTT)于三口烧瓶中,加入催化剂醋酸钯和催化剂还原剂三(2-甲苯基)膦,而后加入精制后的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与干燥处理后的少量三乙胺在氮气保护下搅拌溶解,随后升温至90℃,回流反应36~72h,待反应停止后提起冷却至室温,过滤得混合物中的固体,无水乙醇洗涤数次后放入真空干燥箱,滤液加适量的水,有沉淀析出,过滤后无水乙醇洗涤一并放入真空干燥箱,待完全干燥后取出,得土黄色固体聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd;
(8)聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、 PBDTT-Dv-Ni的制备:
聚合物PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的获得参照PBDTT-Dv-Cd的合成方法,将反应需要的金属配合物Dv-Cd改为的金属配合物Dv-Zn、Dv-Cu、Dv-Ni,分别得到红黑色固体产物聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Zn、酒红色固体产物聚合金属配合物 PBDTT-Dv-Cu、青绿色固体产物聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Ni;
四种新的D-A’-π-A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的用途:在染料敏化太阳能电池中用作吸收太阳光并产生和传输电子的染料敏化剂材料;
此发明的主要优势在于:(1)发明了四种新的D-A’-π-A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物,以苯并噻二吩联二噻吩衍生物BDTT为给体 (D),以5,5'-二乙烯基-2,2'-联吡啶与金属配位形成的配合物为辅助受体(A’),以2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸与金属配位形成π桥、受体(A)和锚定基团,通过Heck反应将给体和金属配合物连接而形成的聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、 PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni,该类聚合金属配合物具有良好的光电转换效率和热稳定性,制备方法简单,原材料易得;(2)具有良好的电化学性能、热性能和光稳定性,有利于实际应用;
附图说明
图1本发明实施例合成的配体5,5'-二(溴甲基)-2,2'-联吡啶的核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm);
图2本发明实施例合成的配体5,5'-二乙烯基-2,2'-联吡啶的核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm);
图3本发明实施例合成的配体5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉的核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm);
图4本发明实施例合成的配体2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸的核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm);
图5本发明实施例合成的金属配合物Dv-Cd、Dv-Cu、Dv-Zn、 Dv-Ni的红外光谱(FT-IR)(KBr,cm-1);
图6本发明实施例合成的化合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、 PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的红外光谱(FT-IR)(KBr,cm-1);
图7本发明实施例合成的化合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、 PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的热重分析曲线(TGA);
图8本发明实施例合成的化合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、 PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni作染料敏化剂的染料敏化太阳能电池的电流密度-电压(J-V)曲线;
图9本发明实施例合成的化合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、 PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni作染料敏化剂的染料敏化太阳能电池的外量子效率(IPCE)曲线;
具体实施方式
本发明的金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、 PBDTT-Dv-Ni的反应合成路线如式2:
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明
实施例1:
四种新的D-A’-π-A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、 PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni,其分子结构式为:
式2金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、 PBDTT-Dv-Ni的反应合成路线
上述聚合联吡啶金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、 PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的制备方法:
A.5,5'-二(溴甲基)-2,2'-联吡啶的制备:称取5,5’-二甲基-2,2’- 联吡啶(1.75g,9.50mmol)和NBS(3.55g,20mmol)于50mL干燥的三口圆底烧瓶,加入20mL纯化干燥后的苯做溶剂,在冰水浴中摇动 10min以溶解固体,再加入0.052g精制AIBN于烧瓶中,氮气保护后升温至沸腾,回流搅拌反应10h后冷却至室温。得到淡黄色溶液和黑色固体粘在烧瓶底部,将反应后的溶液倒入饱和NaHSO3的烧杯中,洗涤至水层不显示淡红色,CH2Cl2萃取后合并有机相,用无水硫酸镁干燥后旋蒸至剩余黄色固体粗产物,粗产物用CH2Cl2重结晶后得到浅黄色固体产物1.19g,产率37%,m.p.190~191℃,FT-IR(KBr, cm-1):2920、2860(C-H),1600(C=C),1550(C=N),1470、1380(C-H).核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)见附图1,1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):8.68(d,2H, Ar-H),8.39(d,2H,Ar-H),7.87-7.85(d,2H,Ar-H),4.54(s,4H, -CH2Br-);
B.5,5'-二乙烯基-2,2'-联吡啶的制备:向100mL圆底烧瓶中依次加入5,5’-二(溴甲基)-2,2'-联吡啶(1.71g,5mmol)和(3.43g,13 mmol)三苯基膦,再加入40mL纯化后的DMF搅拌至完全溶解,升温至90℃,搅拌反应8小时,关闭反应待冷却至室温,有淡黄色膦盐析出,用乙醚洗涤膦盐后收集在100mL三口圆底烧瓶中,向反应体系中加入20mL纯化后的二氯甲烷和12mL的40%的甲醛溶液,将烧瓶置于冰水浴中,体系外加盐使其降至-5℃后缓慢滴加20mL 10%的NaOH溶液,磁力搅拌1h,继续搅拌反应12h至体系温度至室温,加入50mL去离子水,所得混合液用CH2Cl2萃取,合并下层有机相,无水MgSO4干燥,旋转蒸发除掉溶剂,粗产物柱层析分离,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷/丙酮=98/2(v/v),收集第一个组分,将液体产物置于冰箱内低温密封保存,得到透明丝状晶体0.998g,产率96%,m.p. 56~58℃,FT-IR(KBr,cm-1):3085(=C-H),1620(C=C),1090(=C-H).核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)见附图2,1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):8.66(d,2H, Ar-H),8.37-8.35(d,2H,Ar-H),7.88-7.85(d,2H,Ar-H),6.75(d,2H, Ar-H),5.90(d,2H,=CH2),5.43(d,2H,=CH2).13C-NMR(CDCl3,ppm): 155.05,147.82,133.50,133.33,133.00,120.81,116.37;
C.5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉制备:将25g(172mmol)的8-羟基喹啉以及100ml无水乙醇加入250ml三口烧瓶之中,通过搅拌溶解,再慢慢加入氢氧化钠溶液(氢氧化钠50g溶于蒸馏水50ml中),在回流的条件下缓慢滴加45g(383mmol)氯仿,继续反应20h。待冷却至室温,旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,倒入600ml蒸馏水中,用浓盐酸与蒸馏水体积比1∶4配制成的稀盐酸酸化至pH为5左右,有砖红色固体析出,抽滤得土黄色固体粗产物并真空干燥,干燥完毕后,将固体研磨成粉,然后用石油醚抽提12h,抽提所得固体用无水乙醇重结晶,得到橘红色固体4.3g,产率14.4%;m.p.172.2-173.5℃;核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR) 见附图3,1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):10.14(s,1H),9.68-9.69(d,1H), 8.89-8.96(d,1H),7.98-8.02(d,1H),7.65-7.68(q,1H),7.29-7.31(d,1H). 13C-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):192.07,157.84,148.74,140.48,137.85,134.77, 126.59,124.74,123.56,108.99;
D.2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸的制备:将称取好的5-甲酰基-8-羟基喹啉(0.5190g,3.0mmol)和氰基乙酸(0.3830g,4.5mmol) 放入50mL三口瓶内,加入20mL乙腈,搅拌使其溶解后加入3mL 冰醋酸和4滴哌啶,惰性气体保护下加热至85℃反应12h,关闭反应,旋转蒸发至反应混合物近饱和,0℃下冷却8h待晶体析出,过滤干燥后粗产物用25%的乙醇重结晶三次,得橘黄色固体0.4250g,产率59%,m.p.200~201℃,FT-IR(KBr,cm-1):3447(O-H),2220(C≡N), 1580(C=C),1530(C=N).核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)见附图4,1H-NMR(CDCl3,ppm):8.96(d,1H,Ar-H),8.87(d,2H,-CH=),8.62(d, 1H,Ar-H),8.42(d,1H,Ar-H),7.71(q,1H,Ar-H),7.26(d,1H,Ar-H),13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,ppm):164.19,159.14,150.06,149.46,138.71, 132.60,131.17,128.73,123.95,118.88,117.24,112.18,102.99.Anal.Calcd.for[C13H8N2O3]:C,65.00;H,3.36;N,11.66%.Found:C,65.22;H, 2.94;N,11.61%;
E.镉金属配合物Dv-Cd的制备:称取主配体5,5'-二乙烯基-2,2'- 联吡啶(0.4207g,2mmol)和辅助配体2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸(0.480g,2mmol)于100mL三口瓶中,随即加入25mL无水THF,搅拌0.5h,量取15mL无水甲醇于烧杯中,加入 Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O(0.560g,2.1mmol),搅拌至其溶解后通过恒压滴液漏斗滴入三口瓶中,测量pH并保持体系弱酸性,升温至66℃,回流反应12h,反应结束后依次用蒸馏水和无水乙醇洗涤数次,待滴下液体成澄清溶液状,真空干燥产物数天后获得了金黄色固体0.77g,产率69%,红外谱图(FT-IR)见附图5,FT-IR(KBr,cm-1):3436(O-H), 2213(C≡N),1660(C=O),1606(C=C),1568(C=N),1104(C-O-Cd), 492(N-Cd).Anal.Calcd.for[C30H24N4O5Cd]:C,56.93;H,3.82;N,8.85. Found:C,56.86;H,3.59;N,8.84%;
F.锌金属配合物Dv-Zn的制备:锌金属配合物(Dv-Zn)参照镉金属配合物的合成方法合成,用Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O(0.401g,2.1mmol) 代替Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O,得到0.610g淡黄色固体,产率59%,m.p. 284-285℃;红外谱图(FT-IR)见附图5,FT-IR(KBr,cm-1):3404(O-H), 2207(C≡N),1621(C=C),1575(C=N),1110(C-O-Zn),495(N-Zn).Anal. Calcd.for[C30H24N4O5Zn]:C,61.50;H,4.13;N,9.56.Found:C,60.48; H,4.17;N,9.74%;
G.铜金属配合物Dv-Cu的制备:铜金属配合物(Dv-Cu)参照镉金属配合物Dv-Zn的合成方法合成,用Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O(0.418g, 2.1mmol)代替Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O,得到0.717g土黄色固体,产率 63%;红外谱图(FT-IR)见附图5,FT-IR(KBr,cm-1):3410(O-H),2210(C≡N),1625(C=C),1570(C=N),1116(C-O-Cu),513(N-Cu).Anal. Calcd.for[C30H24N4O5Cu]:C,61.10;H,3.89;N,9.83.Found:C,61.34; H,3.33;N,9.78%;
H.镍金属配合物Dv-Ni的制备:镍金属配合物(Dv-Ni)是参照镉金属配合物Dv-Zn的合成方法合成,用Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O(0.522g, 2.1mmol)代替Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O,收集得0.598g黄绿色固体,产率53%;红外谱图(FT-IR)见附图5,FT-IR(KBr,cm-1):3400 (O-H),2213(C≡N),1602(C=C),1565(C=N),1111(C-O-Ni),498(N-Ni).Anal. Calcd.for[C30H24N4O5Ni]:C,61.63;H,3.92;N,9.91.Found:C,61.35; H,3.62;N,9.96%;
I.聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd的制备:称取配合物单体 Dv-Cd(0.1736g,0.310mmol),2,6-二溴-4,8-二(5-(2-乙基辛基)噻吩-2- 基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b']二噻吩(BDTT)给体单体(0.237g,0.309mmol)于三口烧瓶中,加入催化剂醋酸钯(Pd(CH3COO)2,0.0042g,0.019mmol) 和催化剂还原剂三(2-甲苯基)膦(0.0275g,0.090mmol),而后加入精制后的DMF(8mL)与干燥处理后的三乙胺(3mL)在氮气保护下搅拌溶解,随后升温至90℃,回流反应48h,待反应停止后提起冷却至室温,过滤得混合物中的固体,无水乙醇洗涤数次后放入真空干燥箱,滤液加适量的水,有沉淀析出,过滤后无水乙醇洗涤一并放入真空干燥箱,待完全干燥后取出,得土黄色固体0.182g,产率49%,红外谱图(FT-IR)见附图6,FT-IR(KBr,cm-1):3417(O-H),2924,2852(C-H), 2210(C≡N),1600(C=C),1560(C=N),1098(C-O-Cd),494(N-Cd).Anal. Calcd.for[C67H70N4O5S4Cd]:C,59.93;H,5.03;N,4.30;S,9.84.Found: C,58.02;H,3.692;N,8.88;S,10.70%.Mn=7.17Kg/mol,PDI=1.73;
J.聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Zn的制备:聚合物PBDTT-Dv-Zn 的获得参照PBDTT-Dv-Cd的合成方法,称取锌金属配合物单体 Dv-Zn(0.0623g,0.109mmol),给体单体BDTT(0.100g,0.130mmol) 进行heck反应,后处理后得到红黑色固体产物0.071g,产率54%;红外谱图(FT-IR)见附图6,FT-IR(KBr,cm-1):3410(O-H),2930, 2851(C-H),2204(C≡N),1602(C=C),1568(C=N),1460,1380(δC-H), 1100(C-O-Zn),499(N-Zn).Anal.Calcd.for[C67H70N4O5S4Zn]:C, 66.79;H,5.86;N,4.65;S,10.64.Found:C,62.17;H,5.22;N,3.407;S,8.092%.Mn=9.24Kg/mol,PDI=1.40;
K.聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cu的制备:聚合物 PBDTT-Dv-Cu的获得参照PBDTT-Dv-Cd的合成方法,称取金属铜配合物单体Dv-Cu(0.1582g,0.310mmol),给体单体BDTT(0.241g, 0.315mmol)进行Heck聚合反应,过滤干燥后得到酒红色固体产物 0.205g,产率55%;红外谱图(FT-IR)见附图6,FT-IR(KBr,cm-1): 3424(O-H),2925,2852(C-H),2204(C≡N),1602(C=C),1570(C=N), 1104(C-O-Cu),485(N-Cu).Anal.Calcd.for[C67H70N4O5S4Cu]:C, 66.89;H,5.86;N,4.66;S,10.66.Found:C,64.44;H,5.066;N,4.14;S,13.72%.Mn=7.44Kg/mol,PDI=1.31;
L.聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Ni的制备:聚合物PBDTT-Dv-Ni 的获得参照PBDTT-Dv-Cd的合成方法,称取镍金属配合物单体 Dv-Ni(0.1683g,0.330mmol),给体单体BDTT(0.241g,0.350mmol) 进行Heck聚合反应,过滤后无水乙醇洗涤,烘干后得到青绿色固体产物0.225g,产率57%;红外谱图(FT-IR)见附图6,FT-IR(KBr,cm-1): 3390(O-H),2930,2851(C-H),2207(C≡N),1600(C=C),1570(C=N), 1110(C-O-Ni),494(N-Ni).Anal.Calcd.for[C67H70N4O5S4Cu]:C,67.16; H,5.89;N,4.68;S,10.70.Found:C,63.28;H,4.362;N,8.762;S, 3.083%.Mn=9.78Kg/mol,PDI=1.57。
实施例2:
测定聚合联吡啶金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、 PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的分子量,方法为凝胶渗透色谱(GPC):使用Waters-1515型号的凝胶渗透色谱仪,分离柱为waters styragel columns(103,104,),柱温箱温度80℃,以DMF为流动相,聚苯乙烯溶液作参比,流速为1.00mL/min进行测试,测试结果如表 1。
表1基于聚合联吡啶金属配合物的DSSCs的分子量测试数据
实施例3:
测定四种新的D-A’-π-A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物 PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的热重分析(TGA)曲线,方法:SDTQ600的热重分析仪,N2保护下以 20℃/min的升温速度进行测试,测试结果如图7;
实施例4:
J-V曲线测试光源为氙灯模拟的光强100mW/cm2的AM 1.5G的太阳光,通过Keithley 2400数字源表改变电压并记录电流随电压的变化值;IPCE测试由OrielCornerstone单色仪提供光源,在短路条件下测得,波长的测试间隔为10nm,DSSC的有效工作面积为0.25cm2;测定以聚合联吡啶金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、 PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni为染料敏化剂的染料敏化太阳能电池的性能参数和光电转换效率,其电池电流密度-电压(J-V)曲线如图8,电池外量子效率(IPCE)曲线如图9;表2是它们的光伏性能和光电转换效率测试结果;
表2基于聚合联吡啶金属配合物的DSSCs的光伏性能数据
Claims (3)
2.根据权利要求1所述的四种新的D-A’-π-A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的制备方法:
(1)5,5'-二(溴甲基)-2,2'-联吡啶的制备:
加入摩尔比为1.0∶1.8~1.0∶2.2的5,5’-二甲基-2,2’-联吡啶和N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺于干燥的三口圆底烧瓶,加入纯化干燥后的苯做溶剂,在冰水浴中摇动以溶解固体,再加入精制的偶氮二异丁腈于烧瓶中,氮气保护后升温至沸腾,回流搅拌反应8~16h后冷却至室温,得到淡黄色溶液和黑色固体粘在烧瓶底部,将反应后的溶液倒入饱和NaHSO3的烧杯中,洗涤至水层不显示淡红色,CH2Cl2萃取后合并有机相,用无水硫酸镁干燥后旋蒸至剩余黄色固体粗产物,粗产物用CH2Cl2重结晶后得到浅黄色固体产物5,5'-二(溴甲基)-2,2'-联吡啶;(2)5,5'-二乙烯基-2,2'-联吡啶的制备:
向圆底烧瓶中依次加入5,5’-二(溴甲基)-2,2'-联吡啶和三苯基膦,摩尔比为1.0∶2.8~1.0∶3.2,再加入,纯化后的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺搅拌至完全溶解,升温至90℃,搅拌反应6~12小时,关闭反应待冷却至室温,有淡黄色膦盐析出,用乙醚洗涤膦盐后收集在三口圆底烧瓶中,向反应体系中加入纯化后的二氯甲烷和40%的甲醛溶液,将烧瓶置于冰水浴中,体系外加盐使其降至-5℃后缓慢滴加NaOH溶液,磁力搅拌1h,继续搅拌反应8~16h至体系温度至室温,加入去离子水,所得混合液用CH2Cl2萃取,合并下层有机相,无水MgSO4干燥,旋转蒸发除掉溶剂,粗产物用柱层析分离,展开剂为二氯甲烷与丙酮,其体积比为48.0∶1.0~50.0∶1.0,收集第一个组分,将液体产物置于冰箱内低温密封保存,得到透明丝状晶体5,5'-二乙烯基-2,2'-联吡啶;
(3)5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉的制备:
将8-羟基喹啉以及无水乙醇到三口烧瓶之中,通过搅拌溶解,再慢慢加入氢氧化钠溶液,在回流的条件下缓慢滴加氯仿,8-羟基喹啉与氯仿的摩尔比为1.0∶2.0~1.0∶2.2,继续反应20h以上,待冷却至室温,旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,倒入蒸馏水中,用10%的稀盐酸酸化至pH为5左右,有砖红色固体析出,抽滤得土黄色固体粗产物并真空干燥,干燥完毕后,将固体研磨成粉,然后用石油醚洗涤8~12h,洗涤所得固体用无水乙醇重结晶,得到橘红色固体5-甲酰-8-羟基喹啉;
(4)2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸的制备:
将摩尔比为1.0∶1.4~1.0∶1.6的5-甲酰基-8-羟基喹啉和氰基乙酸放入三口瓶内,加入乙腈,搅拌使其溶解后加入少量的冰醋酸和哌啶,惰性气体保护下加热至85℃反应8~16h后关闭反应,旋转蒸发至反应混合物近饱和,0℃下冷却过夜待晶体析出,过滤干燥后粗产物用25%的乙醇重结晶多次,得橘黄色固体2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸;
(5)金属配合物Dv-Cd的制备:
取摩尔比为1.0∶0.9~1.0∶1.1的5,5'-二乙烯基-2,2'-联吡啶和2-氰基-3-(8-羟基喹啉-5-基)丙烯酸于三口瓶中,随即加入无水四氢呋喃,搅拌0.5h以上,取无水甲醇于烧杯中,加入Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O,搅拌至其溶解后通过恒压滴液漏斗滴入三口瓶中,测量pH并保持体系弱酸性,升温至66℃,回流反应8~16h,反应结束后依次用蒸馏水和无水乙醇洗涤数次,待滴下液体成澄清溶液状,真空干燥产物数天后获得了金黄色固体镉金属配合物Dv-Cd;
(6)金属配合物Dv-Zn、Dv-Cu、Dv-Ni的制备:
金属配合物Dv-Zn、Dv-Cu、Dv-Ni参照金属配合物Dv-Cd的合成方法合成,用Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O、Cu(CH3COO)2·2H2O、Ni(CH3COO)2·2H2O代替Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O,得到淡黄色固体锌金属配合物Dv-Zn、土黄色固体铜金属配合物Dv-Cu、黄绿色固体镍金属配合物Dv-Ni;
(7)聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd的制备:
取摩尔比为0.9∶1.0~1.1∶1.0的单体Dv-Cd和2,6-二溴-4,8-二(5-(2-乙基辛基)噻吩-2-基)苯并[1,2-b:4,5-b']二噻吩(BDTT)于三口烧瓶中,加入催化剂醋酸钯和催化剂还原剂三(2-甲苯基)膦,而后加入精制后的DMF与干燥处理后少量的三乙胺在氮气保护下搅拌溶解,随后升温至90℃,回流反应36~72h,待反应停止后提起冷却至室温,过滤得混合物中的固体,无水乙醇洗涤数次后放入真空干燥箱,滤液加适量的水,有沉淀析出,过滤后无水乙醇洗涤一并放入真空干燥箱,待完全干燥后取出,得土黄色固体聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd;
(8)聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的制备:
聚合物PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的获得参照PBDTT-Dv-Cd的合成方法,将反应需要的金属配合物Dv-Cd改为的金属配合物Dv-Zn、Dv-Cu、Dv-Ni,最终得到红黑色固体产物聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Zn、酒红色固体产物聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cu、青绿色固体产物聚合金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Ni。
3.根据权利要求1所述的四种新的D-A’-π-A型聚合联吡啶金属配合物PBDTT-Dv-Cd、PBDTT-Dv-Zn、PBDTT-Dv-Cu、PBDTT-Dv-Ni的用途,在染料敏化太阳能电池中用作染料敏化剂。
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