CN113316507A - 用于制造板簧的方法和用于板簧的插入件 - Google Patents

用于制造板簧的方法和用于板簧的插入件 Download PDF

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CN113316507A
CN113316507A CN202080009890.6A CN202080009890A CN113316507A CN 113316507 A CN113316507 A CN 113316507A CN 202080009890 A CN202080009890 A CN 202080009890A CN 113316507 A CN113316507 A CN 113316507A
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insert
leaf spring
mold
hole
aperture
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J·普里克尔
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Hendrickson USA LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/371—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by inserts or auxiliary extension or exterior elements, e.g. for rigidification
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/0038—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with sealing means or the like
    • B29C33/0044—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with sealing means or the like for sealing off parts of inserts projecting into the mould cavity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/12—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated means for positioning inserts, e.g. labels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/10—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/681—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/72—Encapsulating inserts having non-encapsulated projections, e.g. extremities or terminal portions of electrical components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/18—Leaf springs
    • F16F1/182—Leaf springs with inter-engaging portions between leaves or between leaves and mountings, e.g. ridges, notches, ripples
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/366—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers made of fibre-reinforced plastics, i.e. characterised by their special construction from such materials
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2309/08—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29L2031/3055—Cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/774—Springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
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    • B60G2202/11—Leaf spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
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    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/013—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs with embedded inserts for material reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
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    • B60G2206/017—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs forming an eye for the bushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/70—Materials used in suspensions
    • B60G2206/71—Light weight materials
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
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    • B60G2206/80—Manufacturing procedures
    • B60G2206/81—Shaping
    • B60G2206/8106—Shaping by thermal treatment, e.g. curing hardening, vulcanisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract

用于板簧的模具的插入件包括基体和延伸通过基体的孔。柱从基体突出，使得插入件可以联接到模具。此外，柱在第一端覆盖孔，因此孔不被暴露。在孔的另一端，薄覆盖件覆盖孔。因此，在向模具添加树脂的过程中，没有树脂进入孔。当添加到板簧时，插入件可以在高应力的区域提供加强。因此，可以在高应力的区域向板簧添加孔，而不会过度削弱板簧。

Description

用于制造板簧的方法和用于板簧的插入件
相关申请
本申请要求于2019年1月17日提交的美国临时申请第62/793,432号的权益，该申请通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明的各个方面总体上涉及板簧，更具体地涉及用于汽车应用的玻璃纤维板簧。
背景技术
板簧是一种悬挂装置，用于重型商用车辆，如厢式货车、卡车和轨道车辆。为了提供悬挂，板簧将负载广泛分布在车辆框架上。相比之下，螺旋弹簧将负载传递到框架上的单个点。板簧基本上是略微弧形的带，可以弯曲(例如，拉直)以提供缓冲效果。
发明内容
根据本公开的方面，用于板簧的模具的插入件包括基体和延伸通过基体的孔。柱从基体突出，使得插入件可以联接到模具。此外，柱在第一端覆盖孔，使得孔不被暴露。在孔的另一端，薄覆盖件覆盖孔。因此，在向模具添加树脂的过程中，没有树脂进入孔。当添加到板簧时，插入件可以在高应力的区域提供加强。因此，可以在高应力的区域向板簧添加孔，而不会过度削弱板簧。
根据本公开的另外方面，用于制造板簧的方法包括经由柱将插入件联接到模具，以及将树脂和玻璃纤维添加到模具。树脂固化，插入件粘附到板簧。从模具移除板簧，以及从插入件移除柱和覆盖件，从而暴露插入件的孔。因此，插入件被集成到板簧中。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开的各个方面的具有插入件的板簧的视图；
图2A是根据本公开的各个方面的用于板簧的插入件的俯视图；
图2B是根据本公开的各个方面的用于板簧的插入件的侧视图；
图3是示出根据本公开的各个方面的使用插入件制造玻璃纤维板簧的过程的流程图。
具体实施方式
本文公开了一种具有由玻璃纤维以外的材料制成的插入件的板簧。插入件放置在高应力的区域，以允许在高应力的区域在板簧中放置孔。在板簧的制造过程中，插入件联接到模具。在树脂和玻璃纤维添加到模具并固化后，移除插入件的部分，而插入件的大部分作为板簧的一部分保留。插入件包括尺寸适合于联接器的孔，所述联接器允许弹簧联接到车辆的悬架。当应力作用在板簧上时，通过孔的联接器在插入件上的磨损小于联接器通过直接在玻璃纤维中的孔的磨损。因此，插入件为板簧中的高应力的区域提供了加强。
现在转向附图，特别是图1，板簧100包括第一端102和第二端104。此外，板簧100包括嵌入板簧100中的插入件106。如图所示，插入件包括用于将板簧联接到车辆悬架的联接器(未示出)的两个孔108、110。但是，如果所需的联接器具有不同数量的孔(例如，一孔、三孔、四孔等)，那么插入件将包括对应数量的孔108、110。
如图1所示，插入件106包括两个渐缩部分112、114，每个渐缩部分都终止于点116、118。这种渐缩112、114允许玻璃纤维适当地结合到插入件106以帮助插入件106粘附到玻璃纤维。此外，如图1所示，插入件包括从插入件106的中心过渡到渐缩部分112、114的圆化部分120、122。
插入件106可以使用增材制造制成，其中插入件106由玻璃纤维以外的材料制成。当车辆行驶时，应力通过车辆、与车辆的联接器或两者而施加到板簧，并且可能施加到插入件。因此，插入件优选地由不会被车辆使用时作用在板簧上的高应力损坏的材料制成。
插入件对板簧中的高应力的区域(例如，板簧弯曲的点、板簧与车辆联接的点等)提供加强。
图2A和图2B分别示出了插入件206在插入件206联接到用于制造图1的板簧(100)的模具之前的俯视图和侧视图。插入件206包括孔208、210；渐缩部分212、214；点216、218；和圆化过渡220、222，如图1所描述的。此外，插入件206包括围绕孔208、210延伸的柱224、226。这些柱224、226允许插入件牢固地联接到模具。此外，在插入件206的另一侧在孔208、210上方有薄覆盖件228(例如，塑料)。因此，柱在第一端覆盖孔，因此孔不被暴露。
在插入件206联接到模具之前和期间，孔208、210被封闭在塑料中。因此，当将树脂添加到模具以用于固化时，没有树脂会进入孔208、210。当树脂已经固化时，薄覆盖件228和柱224、226从板簧移除，从而暴露孔208、210的内部。
图3是示出用于制造板簧的过程300的流程图。在302，插入件(例如，图2A和图2B的插入件)联接到板簧的模具。插入件包括基体、基体中的孔(优选地多于一个孔)、从基体延伸并覆盖孔的柱、以及在孔的相对端上覆盖孔的薄覆盖件。因此，孔被包封并且不向插入件外部的空间开放。柱允许插入件联接到模具。
一旦插入件联接到模具，在304，树脂和玻璃纤维添加到模具以成形板簧。因为孔通过柱和覆盖件与外部密封隔离，树脂不会进入孔。在306，树脂和玻璃纤维混合物固化以形成板簧。
在308，插入件粘附到板簧。例如，固化过程可以将插入件粘附到板簧，或者可以使用等离子体处理过程将插入件粘附到板簧。
在310，从模具移除板簧。
在312，从插入件拆卸薄覆盖件和柱。这样，最终的板簧仍然包括没有覆盖件和柱的插入件，并且孔暴露于外部。
方法步骤可以按任何有意义的顺序执行。例如，可以在310的将板簧从模具移除之前或同时执行在312的拆卸覆盖件和柱。作为另一个示例，可以在308的将插入件粘附到板簧之前执行在312的拆卸覆盖件和柱。
所得的板簧类似于图1的板簧。如上所述，由该方法产生的板簧包括插入件，所述插入件提供了在高应力的区域放置在板簧中的孔。在不包括这种新颖插入件的板簧中，孔可能会在高应力的区域产生薄弱点，这可能导致板簧失效。新颖插入件减少了板簧的故障。
此外，通过使用插入件，不需要切割板簧的纤维以在板簧内形成孔，因为切割纤维可能在切割/去除纤维的点处削弱板簧。通过使用插入件，纤维是恒定的，因此可以保持板簧的特性。
附图中的流程图和框图图示了根据本公开的各种实施例的系统、方法和计算机程序产品的可能实现的架构、功能和操作。
就这一点而言，流程图或框图中的每个块可以表示代码的模块、段或部分，其包括用于实现指定逻辑功能的一个或多个可执行指令。还应当注意，在一些替代实施方式中，框中标注的功能可以不按图中标注的顺序发生。例如，取决于所涉及的功能，相继示出的两个块实际上可以基本上同时执行，或者块有时可以以相反的顺序执行。还将注意，框图和/或流程图说明的每个块，以及框图和/或流程图说明中的块的组合，可以由执行指定功能或动作的基于专用硬件的系统来实现，或由专用硬件和计算机指令的组合来实现。
本文使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的，并不旨在限制本发明。如本文所用，单数形式“一(a)”、“一个(an)”和“该(the)”也旨在包括复数形式，除非上下文另有明确指示。将进一步理解，术语“包括(comprises)”和/或“包括(comprising)”，当在本说明书中使用时，指定所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素和/或部件的存在，但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、部件和/或其组。
所附权利要求中的所有装置或步骤加功能元件的相应结构、材料、动作和等效物旨在包括与具体要求保护的其他要求保护的元件结合执行功能的任何结构、材料或动作。本公开的描述是为了说明和描述的目的而呈现的，但并不旨在穷举或限制所公开形式的本发明。在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，许多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员来说将是显而易见的。选择和描述本公开的方面是为了最好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用，并使本领域的其他普通技术人员能够理解本发明的各种实施例以及适合所考虑的特定用途的各种修改。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于制造板簧的方法，所述方法包括：
将插入件联接到模具基部中，其中插入件包括：
基体；
基体内的孔，其中孔延伸通过基体；
从基体突出的柱，使得插入件能够联接到模具，其中柱在第一端覆盖孔，因此孔不被暴露；
在与第一端相对的第二端覆盖孔的薄覆盖件；
将玻璃纤维和树脂添加到模具；
固化树脂以形成板簧；
将插入件粘附到板簧；
从模具移除板簧；和
从插入件拆卸薄覆盖件和柱，同时将插入件留在板簧中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中插入件在相对端部渐缩。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中插入件在相对端部中的两个都渐缩到一点。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中插入件在相对端部之间包括圆化边缘。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中插入件包括在基体中的第二孔。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中插入件包括在基体中的第三孔。
7.一种用于板簧的模具的插入件，其中插入件成为板簧的一部分，其中插入件包括：
基体；
基体内的孔，其中孔延伸通过基体；
从基体突出的柱，使得插入件能够联接到模具，其中柱在第一端覆盖孔，因此孔不被暴露；和
在与第一端相对的第二端覆盖孔的薄覆盖件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的插入件，其中插入件在相对端部渐缩。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中插入件在相对端部中的两个都渐缩到一点。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，还包括在相对端部之间的圆化边缘。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法，还包括在基体中的第二孔。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括在基体中的第三孔。
CN202080009890.6A 2019-01-17 2020-01-17 用于制造板簧的方法和用于板簧的插入件 Pending CN113316507A (zh)

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US2557610A (en) * 1947-05-24 1951-06-19 Ohio Rubber Co Resilient mounting
GB8322566D0 (en) * 1982-08-20 1983-09-21 Budd Co Plastics leaf spring
JP2002122169A (ja) * 2000-08-22 2002-04-26 Visteon Global Technologies Inc 改良横剛性の複合板バネ
CN102667219A (zh) * 2009-10-26 2012-09-12 雷诺索尔公司 复合板簧
US20140284856A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Gordon Holdings, Inc. Light weight composite leaf spring and method of making
CN105313347A (zh) * 2014-05-28 2016-02-10 本特勒Sgl有限责任两合公司 纤维复合构件及其制造方法和制造装置
WO2017215735A1 (en) * 2016-06-14 2017-12-21 Ssp Technology A/S A connection structure of a wind turbine blade and method for its manufacture

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