CN113311528B - Composite spiral phase plate, system and method for generating composite vortex rotation - Google Patents
Composite spiral phase plate, system and method for generating composite vortex rotation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite spiral phase plate, a system and a method for generating composite vortex light, which relate to the technical field of vortex light preparation and comprise a bottom plate, wherein a circular ring area and a circular area are arranged on the bottom plate, the circular area and the circular ring area are provided with a thinnest radius position, the thinnest radius position of the circular area is gradually thickened along the circumferential direction to form a circular spiral phase plate area, and the conventional optical beam combiner method has the defect of poor precision in generating the composite vortex light.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vortex light preparation, in particular to a composite spiral phase plate, a system and a method for generating composite vortex light.
Background
Vortex beams are a type of beam with a circular intensity distribution, a helical wavefront structure, with an orbital angular momentum in addition to a spin angular momentum. During transmission, the beam center has a phase singularity where the intensity is zero. Vortex light is currently mainly applied to the fields of small particle manipulation and capture, quantum communication technology, optical imaging and biophysics. The vortex rotation can be obtained by utilizing laser to pass through the spiral phase plate, and vortex light generated by the spiral phase plate has high efficiency, wide applicable frequency band and good effect.
Compared with the traditional single vortex rotation, the compound vortex rotation improves the space utilization rate. The traditional single-ring vortex rotation can only carry one piece of orbital angular momentum information, and the multi-ring compound vortex rotation can transmit multiple pieces of orbital angular momentum information by using the same channel, so that the communication density and the transmission speed of optical communication are further improved, and compared with the traditional single-ring vortex rotation, the compound vortex rotation can generate vortex light with different directions on one optical axis, so that the compound vortex rotation has wide application prospect in the aspect of controlling particles.
The current common method for generating coaxial compound vortex rotation is to generate vortex rotation in two light paths respectively and combine the vortex rotation onto the coaxial light paths by using a light combiner. The poor accuracy of the vortex light produced by this method is prone to alignment errors, off-axis after traveling a distance, and more optical elements are required.
In addition, the method also adopts an interference holographic method to generate coaxial compound vortex rotation, calculates the interference pattern of compound vortex light, generates holographic grating through a spatial light modulator or a film, and generates compound vortex rotation. The method needs to use a spatial light modulator or manufacture a miniature film, has high cost, and meanwhile, the spatial light modulator has requirements on the light intensity of the incident light, and can not modulate the incident light with any light intensity like a spiral phase plate.
Publication number CN202041740U, publication date: 2011-11-16, and the parameter of the spiral phase plate can be adjusted by controlling the refractive index difference of the refractive index matching liquid and the solid spiral phase plate, so that the parameters of the vortex rotation can be changed, but the spiral phase plate still can only generate single vortex rotation and cannot generate compound vortex rotation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical problems and provide the coaxial composite vortex optical composite spiral phase plate which has no requirement on the light intensity of incident light and can generate coaxial composite vortex optical composite spiral phase plate with high precision and good coaxiality.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The utility model provides a compound spiral phase plate of compound vortex rotation of production, includes the bottom plate, be equipped with circular region and ring region on the bottom plate, the ring region sets up in the circumference outside of circular region, and circular region is the same with the centre of a circle in ring region, and circular region's thickness is the heliciform along the axis direction and becomes gradually the thickness and become the circular spiral phase plate region of compound spiral phase plate, and circular region's thickness is the heliciform along the axis direction and becomes gradually the thickness and become the ring spiral phase plate region of compound spiral phase plate, and the bottom plate is scribbled opaque coating in the region outside circular region and ring region.
In the technical scheme, the transparent circular area and the circular ring area are arranged on the bottom plate, and the structures of the circular area and the circular ring area are gradually thickened along the circumferential direction, so that the circular area and the circular ring spiral phase plate area are formed, and when laser passes through the concentric circular spiral phase plate area and the circular ring spiral phase plate area, coaxial compound vortex rotation can be formed.
Further, the circular area and the annular area are each gradually thickened in the counterclockwise direction.
Further, the thickness of the circular area and the circular ring area at any radian position, which is different from the thinnest radius position, is:
h＝lλθ/2π(n-1)
Wherein l is topological charge number, λ is incident light wavelength, θ is phase angle rotated from the thinnest radius position, n is refractive index of material used for manufacturing circular ring region or circular region, and optical path difference generated between thickest position and thinnest position is l×2pi.
Further, the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate area is larger than the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate area.
The system for generating the compound vortex rotation comprises a laser light source, a beam expander and a compound spiral phase plate, wherein the beam expander is arranged between the laser light source and the compound spiral phase plate, the diameter of a laser beam emitted by the laser light source is increased after the laser beam passes through the beam expander, and the laser beam after beam expansion passes through the compound spiral phase plate to obtain the compound vortex rotation.
Further, the laser beam emitted by the laser light source is a Gaussian beam.
Further, the compound spiral phase plate also comprises a convex lens, wherein the convex lens is arranged on the light emergent side of the compound spiral phase plate.
A method of generating compound vortex rotation comprising the steps of:
s1, aligning a laser light source to a beam expander and a composite spiral phase plate;
S2, starting a laser light source to emit laser beams;
S3, the laser beam passes through the beam expander to reach the composite spiral phase plate;
s4, the laser beam passes through the composite spiral phase plate to generate composite vortex rotation.
Further, the method also comprises the step S5 of reducing the diameter of the compound vortex light through a convex lens.
Further, the laser beam in steps S2 to S4 is a gaussian beam.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has the advantages that the structure of the composite spiral phase plate is simple, the required optical elements are few, the cost is low, the generated coaxial composite vortex light has high precision and good coaxiality, and the light intensity of incident light has no requirement, so that the incident light with any light intensity can be converted into coaxial composite vortex light.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a composite spiral phase plate structure for generating composite vortex rotation;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of the thickness of the composite spiral phase plate of example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the intensity simulation of the light generated by the compound vortex in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph of phase simulation of the compound vortex light generated in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of coherent planar light passing through a spiral phase plate to generate vortex light;
FIG. 6 is a graph of spiral phase plate correlation parameters;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the intensity of the compound vortex light;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the intensity of the compound vortex light;
FIG. 9 is a composite vortex optical phase profile;
wherein: 1. a circular region; 11. the thinnest radius position of the circular area; 2. a circular ring region; 21. the thinnest radius position of the circular ring area; 3. a bottom plate.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent;
For the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the actual product dimensions;
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a compound spiral phase plate for generating compound vortex rotation, the compound spiral phase plate structure is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a bottom plate 3, wherein a circular ring area 2 and a circular area 1 are arranged on the bottom plate 3, the diameter of the circular area 1 is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular ring area 2, the circle centers of the circular area 1 and the circular ring area 2 are the same, the circular area 1 and the circular ring area 2 are provided with a thinnest radius position, the thinnest radius position 11 of the circular area 1 gradually thickens along the circumferential direction to form a circular spiral phase plate area, the thinnest radius position 21 of the circular ring area 2 gradually thickens along the circumferential direction to form a circular spiral phase plate area, and opaque coatings are coated on the bottom plate 3 outside the circular area 1 and the circular ring area 2.
Because the same material is different in transmission condition for light rays with different wavelengths, the transparent or opaque state in the technical scheme is relative to the wavelength of the light rays entering the composite spiral phase plate, the composite spiral phase plate is manufactured by selecting the corresponding material according to the wavelength of the incident light used in practical application, and the opaque coating is coated outside the circular area 1 and the circular area 2 of the bottom plate, so that only the circular spiral phase plate area and the circular spiral phase plate area are transparent on the bottom plate.
In this embodiment, a transparent circular area 1 and a circular ring area 2 are disposed on the bottom plate, and the structures of the circular area 1 and the circular ring area 2 become thicker gradually along the circumferential direction, so that concentric circular spiral phase plate areas and circular ring spiral phase plate areas are formed, and when laser passes through the concentric circular spiral phase plate areas and circular ring spiral phase plate areas, coaxial compound vortex rotation can be formed.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a compound spiral phase plate for generating compound vortex rotation, which comprises a bottom plate 3, wherein a transparent circular ring area 2 and a transparent circular area 1 are arranged on the bottom plate 3, opaque coatings are coated on the bottom plate 3 outside the circular area 1 and the circular ring area 2, the diameter of the circular area 1 is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular ring area 2, the circle centers of the circular area 1 and the circular ring area 2 are the same, the circular area 1 and the circular ring area 2 are provided with a thinnest radius position, the circular area 1 gradually thickens from the thinnest radius position 11 along the clockwise direction to form a circular spiral phase plate area, and the circular ring area 2 gradually thickens from the thinnest radius position 21 along the anticlockwise direction to form a circular spiral phase plate area.
In this embodiment, the base plate 3 is made of optical glass or optical plastic, an opaque coating is coated outside the circular area 1 and the circular area 2 on the base plate 3, then transparent photoresist is attached to the circular area 1 and the circular area 2 by a maskless photoetching machine, and transparent photoresist with corresponding thickness is attached at different positions according to pre-calculated thickness data, so as to obtain a circular spiral phase plate area and a circular spiral phase plate area.
The thickness gradual change structure of the circular area 1 and the circular ring area 2 is obtained by using the maskless photoetching machine in combination with transparent photoresist processing, the composite spiral phase plate can be independently processed and customized according to vortex light parameters required by practical application, experimental verification is convenient, the photoetching machine is high in processing precision, and the method is suitable for processing and manufacturing the composite spiral phase plate with small size and high precision. In other embodiments of the present invention, the composite spiral phase plate may be manufactured by a 3D printer, or may be manufactured by integrally forming optical glass or optical plastic, and the integrally forming method is suitable for mass production of composite spiral phase plates with specific parameters.
Fig. 2 shows the height difference between different positions of the composite spiral phase plate and the surface of the bottom plate 3, and the lower the gray value is, the larger the height difference is, and in this embodiment, the circular area 1 of the composite spiral phase plate has a topological charge number of-3, that is, the circular area 1 gradually becomes thicker in the clockwise direction as shown in fig. 2, and the circular area 2 has a topological charge number of 5, that is, the circular area 2 gradually becomes thicker in the counterclockwise direction as shown in fig. 2. In other embodiments, the direction in which the circular spiral phase plate region and the circular spiral phase plate region become thicker may be set according to the actually required vortex light vortex direction, and in other embodiments, the direction in which the circular spiral phase plate region and the circular spiral phase plate region become thicker may be set according to the actually required vortex light vortex direction.
The thickness of the circular area 1 and the circular area 2, which is different from the thinnest radius position at any radian position, is as follows:
h＝lλθ/2π(n-1)
wherein l is the topological charge number, λ is the wavelength of incident light, θ is the phase angle rotated by the position with the thinnest radius, n is the refractive index of the material used for manufacturing the circular area 2 or the circular area 1, and the optical path difference generated between the thickest position and the thinnest position is l×2pi. The spiral phase plate related parameters are shown in fig. 6.
The circular area 1 has a diameter size of 200 nm to 200 μm. In this embodiment, the refractive indexes of the bottom plate 3 and the photoresist are 1.4, the radius of the circular area 1 is 1 micron, the radius of the inner circle of the circular area 2 is 1.5 microns, the radius of the outer circle is 2.5 microns, and the thickness of the difference between the thickest part of the circular area 1 and the position 11 with the thinnest radius is 4.75 microns. The thickest part of the annular region 2 differs from the thinnest radial position 21 by a thickness of 7.9 microns. In this embodiment, the thinnest radius position 11 of the circular area 1 and the thinnest radius position 21 of the circular area 2 are located on the same straight line, and in other embodiments, the thinnest radius position 11 of the circular area 1 and the thinnest radius position 21 of the circular area 2 may be offset from each other by any angle.
Since the stretching effect during the vortex optical propagation increases with the increase of the topological charge number, it is preferable to set the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate region to be larger than that of the circular spiral phase plate region so as to avoid the interference or overlapping of the inner ring light and the outer ring light. In order to make the topological charge number of the circular ring spiral phase plate area larger, and avoid the too high height of the circular ring spiral phase plate area, the structural height of the outer ring can be reduced by using a material with high refractive index in the circular ring area 2, and the mode can effectively avoid the generation of vortex rotation in shielding caused by the too high height of the outer ring.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing a simulation of the intensity of the compound vortex optical power generated at a distance of 2.24 m from the compound spiral phase plate. The corresponding relation between the light intensity and the gray scale is that the lower the gray scale value is, the larger the light intensity is, and the device generates clear compound vortex rotation, wherein the inner vortex radius is 0.7 micron, the outer vortex radius is 2 microns, and the vortex rotation radius is recorded at the strongest light intensity on the ring.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the phase simulation of the compound eddy current generated in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the phase of the light wave is changed by three 2pi and the rotation direction is clockwise, i.e. the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate area is-3, and the eddy current with the topological charge number of-3 is generated. In the outer ring, the phase of the light wave is changed by 52 pi and the rotation direction is anticlockwise, namely the topological charge number of the circular ring spiral phase plate area is 5, and the vortex rotation with the topological charge number of 5 is generated.
For another embodiment of the composite spiral phase plate with a 3-ring spiral phase plate region and a 10-ring spiral phase plate region, the generated composite eddy current optical intensity diagram is shown in fig. 7, the light intensity top view is shown in fig. 8, and the phase distribution diagram is shown in fig. 9.
When the vortex rotation is applied as an optical clamp, micron-sized particles can be limited in the light intensity singular point at the center of the vortex light. Meanwhile, the light wrench can also be used as a light wrench: since the vortex light has orbital angular momentum, when particles are irradiated by vortex light, the particles start to rotate under the influence of the orbital angular momentum, and the rotation direction is the same as the rotation direction of the vortex light. Therefore, the composite vortex rotation can translate, fix and rotate the particles. And the rotation speed and the rotation direction of the particles can be controlled by changing the topological charge numbers of the inner ring and the outer ring. This has a broad application prospect in the aspect of complex particle manipulation.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a system for generating compound vortex rotation, including laser source, beam expander, compound spiral phase plate, beam expander sets up between laser source and compound spiral phase plate, the diameter of laser beam's behind the laser beam expander of laser source transmission laser beam increases, and the laser beam after the beam expander obtains compound vortex rotation through compound spiral phase plate. In this embodiment, the laser beam emitted by the laser light source is a gaussian beam.
When vortex rotation is generated through the spiral phase plate, the incident light is required to be coherent plane light, as shown in fig. 5, the coherent plane light passes through the spiral phase plate to generate a vortex light schematic diagram, and a laser beam is generally used for approximate replacement, when the diameter of the composite spiral phase plate is larger than that of the laser beam generated by the laser, the laser beam generated by the laser can be led into the beam expander, the coherent plane light can be generated at the rear part of the beam expander, and then the light after beam expansion is led into the composite spiral phase plate to generate the composite vortex rotation.
And if the diameter of the composite vortex light generated by the composite spiral phase plate is larger, and the diameter of the composite vortex light needs to be reduced, a convex lens can be arranged on one side of the outgoing surface of the composite spiral phase plate to achieve the purpose of reducing the diameter of the composite vortex light.
The embodiment is suitable for the composite spiral phase plate with larger size, the processing difficulty of the composite spiral phase plate with large size is lower than that of the composite spiral phase plate with small size, meanwhile, the beam expander is utilized to enable the laser diameter to be matched with the composite spiral phase plate with large size, and the convex lens is utilized to reduce the vortex light diameter output by the composite spiral phase plate, so that the composite spiral phase plate with large size can generate vortex rotation with small size, and the processing and manufacturing of the composite spiral phase plate are facilitated.
If the size of the composite spiral phase plate is matched with the diameter of the laser emitted by the laser source, and the composite vortex rotation size emitted by the composite spiral optical phase plate meets the requirement, the system can be simplified into the laser source and the composite spiral phase plate, the laser source emits laser, and the composite vortex rotation is obtained through the composite spiral phase plate.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a method for generating compound vortex rotation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, aligning a laser light source to a beam expander and a composite spiral phase plate;
S2, starting a laser light source to emit laser beams;
S3, the laser beam passes through the beam expander to reach the composite spiral phase plate;
s4, the laser beam passes through the composite spiral phase plate to generate composite vortex rotation.
In this embodiment, the laser beam is a gaussian beam, and further, the embodiment further includes step S5, where the composite vortex beam is reduced in diameter by a convex lens.
The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components.
The terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely illustrative, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent;
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. The composite spiral phase plate for generating the composite vortex rotation is characterized by comprising a bottom plate (3), wherein a circular area (1) and a circular area (2) are arranged on the bottom plate (3), the circular area (2) is arranged on the outer side of the circumference of the circular area (1), the circle center of the circular area (1) is the same as that of the circular area (2), the thickness of the circular area (1) is gradually thickened in a spiral shape along the axis direction to form a circular spiral phase plate area of the composite spiral phase plate, the thickness of the circular area (2) is gradually thickened in a spiral shape along the axis direction to form a circular spiral phase plate area of the composite spiral phase plate, and the bottom plate (3) is coated with an opaque coating in the area outside the circular area (1) and the circular area (2);
the circular area (1) and the circular area (2) are gradually thickened along the anticlockwise direction;
the thickness difference between any radian position of the circular area (1) and the circular area (2) and the thinnest position is as follows:
Wherein, Is topological charge number, is any positive integer, lambda is incident light wavelength, theta is phase angle rotated from the thinnest radius position, n is refractive index of material used for manufacturing the circular area (2) or the circular area (1), and optical path difference generated between the thickest part and the thinnest part is/>*2π；
The topological charge number of the circular ring spiral phase plate area is larger than that of the circular spiral phase plate area, and the diameter of the circular area (1) is 200 nanometers to 200 micrometers.
2. A system for generating compound vortex rotation, which is characterized by comprising a laser light source, a beam expander and a compound spiral phase plate for generating compound vortex rotation according to claim 1, wherein the beam expander is arranged between the laser light source and the compound spiral phase plate, the diameter of a laser beam emitted by the laser light source is increased after the laser beam passes through the beam expander, and the laser beam after beam expansion passes through the compound spiral phase plate to obtain compound vortex rotation.
3. A system for generating compound vortex rotation according to claim 2 wherein the laser beam emitted by the laser source is a gaussian beam.
4. The system for generating compound vortex light of claim 2 further comprising a convex lens disposed on the light exiting side of the compound spiral phase plate.
5. A method of generating compound vortex rotation comprising the steps of:
s1, aligning a laser light source with a beam expander and the composite spiral phase plate for generating composite vortex rotation as claimed in claim 1;
S2, starting a laser light source to emit laser beams;
S3, the laser beam passes through the beam expander to reach the composite spiral phase plate;
s4, the laser beam passes through the composite spiral phase plate to generate composite vortex rotation.
6. The method of generating compound vortex light according to claim 5, further comprising step S5, reducing the diameter of the compound vortex light by a convex lens.
7. A method of generating compound vortex rotation according to claim 5 wherein the laser beam of steps S2 to S4 is a gaussian beam.
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| JP6188079B2 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2017-08-30 | 国立大学法人 千葉大学 | Optical vortex generator, continuous spiral phase plate used therefor, and optical vortex generation method |
| CN105977630B (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-07-17 | 东南大学 | Ultra-thin orbital angular momentum spiral phase plate antenna and its design method |
| CN108345120A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-07-31 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | One kind being based on the cascade vortex light preparation method of matrix spiral phase plate |
| CN108333789B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2020-10-30 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | Vortex light preparation device based on matrix spiral phase plate multi-pass |
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