CN113311528A - Composite spiral phase plate, system and method for generating composite vortex rotation - Google Patents
Composite spiral phase plate, system and method for generating composite vortex rotation Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite spiral phase plate, a system and a method for generating composite vortex rotation, which relate to the technical field of preparing vortex light and comprise a bottom plate, the bottom plate is provided with a circular area and a circular area, the circular area and the circular area are both provided with the thinnest radius position, the thinnest radius position of the circular area gradually becomes thicker along the circumferential direction to form a circular spiral phase plate area, the composite vortex light generated by the existing optical beam combiner method has the defect of poor accuracy, the composite spiral phase plate for generating the composite vortex rotation has the advantages of simple structure, few required optical elements, low cost, high accuracy and good coaxiality of the generated coaxial composite vortex light, and the light intensity of the incident light is not required, and the incident light with any light intensity can be converted into coaxial composite vortex rotation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vortex light preparation, in particular to a composite spiral phase plate, a system and a method for generating composite vortex rotation.
Background
Vortex beams are a type of beam having a circular light intensity distribution, a helical wavefront structure, and additionally have orbital angular momentum in addition to spin angular momentum. During transmission, the beam center has a phase singularity where the light intensity is zero. At present, vortex light is mainly applied to the fields of small particle manipulation and capture, quantum communication technology, optical imaging and biophysics. Vortex optical rotation can be obtained by laser through a spiral phase plate, and vortex generated by the spiral phase plate has high light efficiency, wide applicable frequency band and good effect.
Compared with the traditional single vortex optical rotation, the compound vortex optical rotation improves the space utilization rate. Traditional single ring vortex optical rotation can only carry one piece of orbital angular momentum information, and multiple ring composite vortex optical rotation can utilize the same channel to transmit multiple times of orbital angular momentum information, and this will further promote optical communication's communication density and transmission speed to compare traditional single vortex optical rotation, composite vortex optical rotation can produce the vortex optical rotation of different directions on an optical axis, therefore composite vortex optical rotation also has wide application prospect in the aspect of controlling the particle.
The current common method for generating coaxial compound vortex rotation is to generate vortex rotation on two optical paths respectively and combine the vortex rotation on the coaxial optical paths by using a beam combiner. The alignment error is easily generated due to poor precision of vortex light generated by the method, off-axis is generated after the vortex light propagates for a certain distance, and more optical elements are needed.
In addition, the interference holographic method is adopted to generate coaxial composite vortex rotation, the interference pattern of the composite vortex rotation is calculated, and the spatial light modulator or film is used to generate holographic grating to generate the composite vortex rotation. The method needs to use a spatial light modulator or manufacture a microfilm, has high cost, and simultaneously, the spatial light modulator has requirements on the light intensity of incident light and cannot modulate the incident light with any light intensity like a spiral phase plate.
Publication No. CN202041740U, publication date: 2011-11-16, a parameter-adjustable spiral phase plate with opaque electrodes is proposed, which can adjust the parameters of the spiral phase plate by controlling the refractive index difference between the refractive index matching fluid and the solid spiral phase plate, so as to change the parameters of the vortex rotation, but the spiral phase plate can only generate single vortex rotation and cannot generate compound vortex rotation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a composite spiral phase plate which has no requirement on the light intensity of incident light and can generate coaxial composite vortex rotation with high precision and good coaxiality to overcome the technical problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a generate compound spiral phase plate of compound vortex rotation, includes the bottom plate, be equipped with circular region and ring region on the bottom plate, the ring region sets up in the circumference outside circular region, and circular region is the same with the centre of a circle in ring region, and the thickness in circular region is the heliciform along the axis direction and thickens gradually and constitutes the circular spiral phase plate region of compound spiral phase plate, and the region of bottom plate outside circular region and ring region scribbles opaque coating.
In the technical scheme, the transparent circular area and the transparent circular area are arranged on the bottom plate, the structures of the circular area and the transparent circular area are gradually thickened along the circumferential direction to form the concentric circular spiral phase plate area and the concentric circular spiral phase plate area, and when laser passes through the concentric circular spiral phase plate area and the concentric circular spiral phase plate area, coaxial composite vortex rotation can be formed.
Further, the circular region and the annular region are each gradually thicker in the counterclockwise direction.
Further, the thickness of the circular area and the circular ring area, which is different from the thinnest radius position at any radian, is as follows:
h＝lλθ/2π(n-1)
wherein l is topological charge number and is any positive integer, λ is incident light wavelength, θ is phase angle rotated from thinnest radius position, n is refractive index of material used for manufacturing circular ring region or circular region, and optical path difference generated at thickest and thinnest position is l × 2 π.
Further, the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate area is larger than that of the circular spiral phase plate area.
The utility model provides a system for generate compound vortex optical rotation, includes laser source, beam expander, compound spiral phase board, the beam expander sets up between laser source and compound spiral phase board, the diameter of laser beam behind the beam expander of laser source transmission increases, and the laser beam after the expansion obtains compound vortex optical rotation through compound spiral phase board.
Further, the laser beam emitted by the laser light source is a gaussian beam.
Further, the composite spiral phase plate comprises a convex lens, wherein the convex lens is arranged on the emergent light side of the composite spiral phase plate.
A method of generating a compound vortex rotation comprising the steps of:
s1, aligning a laser source to the beam expander and the composite spiral phase plate;
s2, starting a laser light source to emit a laser beam;
s3, enabling the laser beam to reach the composite spiral phase plate through the beam expander;
and S4, the laser beam passes through the composite spiral phase plate to generate composite vortex optical rotation.
Further, step S5 is included, in which the diameter of the composite vortex light is reduced by passing the composite vortex light through a convex lens.
Further, the laser beam is a gaussian beam in steps S2 to S4.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the composite spiral phase plate has the advantages of simple structure, less required optical elements, low cost, high precision and good coaxiality of the generated coaxial composite vortex light, no requirement on the light intensity of incident light and capability of converting the incident light with any light intensity into the coaxial composite vortex light.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a composite spiral phase plate structure for generating composite vortex rotation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the thickness variation of the composite helical phase plate of example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the light intensity simulation of the composite vortex light generated in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the simulation of the optical phase of the composite vortex generated in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of coherent planar light passing through a spiral phase plate to generate vortex light;
FIG. 6 shows parameters associated with a spiral phase plate;
FIG. 7 is a graph of composite vortex light intensity;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the intensity of the compound vortex spinning light;
FIG. 9 is a composite vortex optical phase profile;
wherein: 1. a circular region; 11. the thinnest radius position of the circular area; 2. a circular ring area; 21. the thinnest radius position of the circular ring area; 3. a base plate.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a composite spiral phase plate for generating composite vortex rotation, the structure of the composite spiral phase plate is as shown in fig. 1, and the composite spiral phase plate comprises a bottom plate 3, wherein a circular ring region 2 and a circular region 1 are arranged on the bottom plate 3, the diameter of the circular region 1 is smaller than the inner diameter of the circular ring region 2, the circle centers of the circular region 1 and the circular ring region 2 are the same, the circular region 1 and the circular ring region 2 are both provided with a thinnest radius position, the thinnest radius position 11 of the circular region 1 gradually thickens along the circumferential direction to form a circular spiral phase plate region, the thinnest radius position 21 of the circular region 2 gradually thickens along the circumferential direction to form a circular spiral phase plate region, and the bottom plate 3 outside the circular region 1 and the circular ring region 2 is coated with an opaque coating.
Because the same material has different light transmission conditions for different wavelengths, the transparent or non-transparent material in the technical scheme is relative to the light wavelength incident to the composite spiral phase plate, the composite spiral phase plate is made of the corresponding material according to the incident light wavelength used in practical application, and the opaque coating is coated outside the circular area 1 and the circular area 2 of the bottom plate, so that only the circular spiral phase plate area and the circular spiral phase plate area on the bottom plate are transparent.
In the embodiment, the transparent circular area 1 and the transparent circular ring area 2 are arranged on the bottom plate, the structures of the circular area 1 and the transparent circular ring area 2 are gradually thickened along the circumferential direction, so that a concentric circular spiral phase plate area and a concentric circular spiral phase plate area are formed, and when laser passes through the concentric circular spiral phase plate area and the concentric circular spiral phase plate area, coaxial composite vortex rotation can be formed.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a generate compound spiral phase plate of compound vortex rotation, including bottom plate 3, be equipped with a transparent ring region 2 and a transparent circular region 1 on bottom plate 3, scribble opaque coating on bottom plate 3 outside circular region 1 and the ring region 2, circular region 1's diameter is less than circular region 2's internal diameter, circular region 1 is the same with the centre of a circle of ring region 2, circular region 1 and circular region 2 all have a thinnest radius position, and circular region 1 thickens gradually along the clockwise from thinnest radius position 11 and constitutes circular spiral phase plate region, and circular region 2 thickens gradually along the counter-clockwise from thinnest radius position 21 and constitutes circular spiral phase plate region.
In this embodiment, the bottom plate 3 is made of optical glass or optical plastic, an opaque coating is coated outside the circular region 1 and the circular ring region 2 on the bottom plate 3, then a maskless lithography machine is used to attach transparent photoresist to the circular region 1 and the circular ring region 2, and transparent photoresist with corresponding thickness is attached to different positions according to pre-calculated thickness data, so as to obtain a circular spiral phase plate region and a circular spiral phase plate region.
The thickness gradual change structure of circular region 1 and ring region 2 is obtained in this embodiment using maskless lithography machine cooperation transparent photoresist processing, can carry out solitary processing customization to compound spiral phase plate according to the required vortex optical parameter of practical application, and convenient experiment verifies, and the lithography machine machining precision is high, is applicable to the compound spiral phase plate of processing preparation small-size high accuracy. In other embodiments of the present invention, the composite spiral phase plate may be manufactured by a 3D printer, or manufactured by integral forming processing using optical glass or optical plastic, and the integral forming processing method is suitable for mass production of composite spiral phase plates with specific parameters.
Fig. 2 shows the height difference of the composite spiral phase plate from the surface of the bottom plate 3 at different positions, the lower the gray value represents that the height difference is larger, the topological charge number of the circular area 1 of the composite spiral phase plate in the embodiment is-3, i.e. the circular area 1 becomes thicker gradually in the clockwise direction as shown in fig. 2, and the topological charge number of the circular area 2 is 5, i.e. the circular area 2 becomes thicker gradually in the counterclockwise direction as shown in fig. 2. In other embodiments, the direction in which the circular spiral phase plate region and the circular spiral phase plate region become thick may be set according to an actually required vortex optical vortex direction, and in other embodiments, the direction in which the circular spiral phase plate region and the circular spiral phase plate region become thick may be set according to an actually required vortex optical vortex direction.
The thickness of the difference between any radian of the circular region 1 and the circular ring region 2 and the position of the thinnest radius is as follows:
h＝lλθ/2π(n-1)
wherein l is topological charge number and is any positive integer, λ is incident light wavelength, θ is phase angle rotated from thinnest radius position, n is refractive index of material used for manufacturing the circular ring region 2 or the circular region 1, and optical path difference generated at thickest and thinnest positions is l x 2 π. The spiral phase plate related parameters are shown in fig. 6.
The diameter of the circular area 1 is 200 nanometers to 200 micrometers. In this embodiment the refractive index of bottom plate 3 and photoresist is 1.4, circular region 1 radius is 1 micron, and circle radius is 1.5 microns in the 2 rings of ring region, and excircle radius is 2.5 microns, the thickness that circular region 1 thickest department and thinnest radius position 11 phase difference is 4.75 microns. The thickest of the annular region 2 differs from the thinnest radius location 21 by a thickness of 7.9 microns. In the present embodiment, the thinnest radius position 11 of the circular area 1 and the thinnest radius position 21 of the circular area 2 are located on the same straight line, and in other embodiments, the thinnest radius position 11 of the circular area 1 and the thinnest radius position 21 of the circular area 2 may be staggered from each other by any angle.
Since the broadening effect of the vortex light during propagation increases with the increase of the topological charge number, the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate area is preferably set to be larger than that of the circular spiral phase plate area so as to avoid interference or overlapping of the inner ring light and the outer ring light. In order to make the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate area larger and avoid the height of the circular spiral phase plate area from being too high, a material with high refractive index can be used in the circular area 2 to reduce the structural height of the outer ring, and the mode can effectively avoid the generation of shielding internal vortex optical rotation caused by the too high height of the outer ring.
Fig. 3 is a simulation diagram of the intensity of the compound vortex rotation generated in the present embodiment, which is a simulation diagram of the intensity of the compound vortex rotation generated at a distance of 2.24 meters from the compound spiral phase plate. It can be seen from the figure that the corresponding relationship between the light intensity and the gray scale is that the lower the gray scale value is, the higher the light intensity is, the clear compound vortex rotation is generated by the device, wherein the radius of the inner vortex is 0.7 micron, the radius of the outer vortex is 2 micron, and the vortex rotation radius is marked by the strongest light intensity on the ring.
Fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of the phase of the compound vortex light generated by the present embodiment, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that in the inner ring, the phase of the light wave changes by three 2 pi and the rotation direction is clockwise, that is, the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate area is-3, and the vortex rotation with the topological charge number of-3 is generated. In the outer ring, the phase of the light wave is changed by 5 2 pi, the rotation direction is anticlockwise, namely the topological charge number of the circular ring spiral phase plate area is 5, and the vortex rotation with the topological charge number of 5 is generated.
For another embodiment of the composite spiral phase plate with the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate area of 3 and the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate area of 10, the generated composite vortex rotation optical intensity graph is shown in fig. 7, the light intensity plan view is shown in fig. 8, and the phase distribution graph is shown in fig. 9.
When vortex rotation is applied as optical tweezers, micron-sized particles can be limited in a light intensity singular point at the positive center of vortex light. Simultaneously still can regard as the light spanner to use: because the vortex light has the orbital angular momentum, when the particles are irradiated by the vortex light, the particles start to rotate under the influence of the orbital angular momentum, and the rotation direction of the particles is the same as that of the vortex light. Therefore, the compound vortex rotation can translate, fix and rotate the particles. And the rotating speed and rotating direction of the particles can be controlled by changing the topological charge number of the inner ring and the outer ring. The method has wide application prospect in the aspect of carrying out complex particle manipulation.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a system for generating compound vortex rotation, including laser source, beam expander, compound spiral phase board, the beam expander sets up between laser source and compound spiral phase board, the diameter increase of laser beam behind the beam expander of laser beam that laser source sent, the laser beam after expanding obtains compound vortex rotation through compound spiral phase board. In this embodiment, the laser beam emitted by the laser light source is a gaussian beam.
When the diameter of the composite spiral phase plate is larger than the laser beam generated by the laser, the laser generated by the laser can be guided into the beam expander, so that coherent plane light can be generated at the rear part of the beam expander, and then the expanded light is guided into the composite spiral phase plate to generate composite vortex rotation.
One side of the bottom plane of the composite spiral phase plate is an incident surface, and one side of the bulge is an emergent surface, if the diameter of the composite vortex light generated by the composite spiral phase plate is large, and the diameter of the composite vortex light needs to be reduced, a convex lens can be arranged on one side of the emergent surface of the composite spiral phase plate to achieve the purpose of reducing the diameter of the composite vortex light.
The embodiment is suitable for a composite spiral phase plate with a larger size, the processing difficulty of the composite spiral phase plate with the larger size is lower than that of the composite spiral phase plate with the smaller size, meanwhile, the beam expander is utilized to enable the laser diameter to be matched with the composite spiral phase plate with the larger size, the convex lens is utilized to reduce the vortex light diameter output by the composite spiral phase plate, the composite spiral phase plate with the larger size can generate vortex rotation with the smaller size, and the processing and manufacturing of the composite spiral phase plate are facilitated.
If the size of the composite spiral phase plate is matched with the diameter of laser emitted by the laser source, and the size of the composite vortex optical rotation emitted by the composite spiral optical phase plate meets the requirement, the system can be simplified into the laser source and the composite spiral phase plate, the laser source emits laser, and the composite vortex optical rotation is obtained through the composite spiral phase plate.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a method for generating compound vortex rotation, which comprises the following steps:
s1, aligning a laser source to the beam expander and the composite spiral phase plate;
s2, starting a laser light source to emit a laser beam;
s3, enabling the laser beam to reach the composite spiral phase plate through the beam expander;
and S4, the laser beam passes through the composite spiral phase plate to generate composite vortex optical rotation.
In this embodiment, the laser beam is a gaussian beam, and further, this embodiment further includes step S5, reducing the diameter of the composite vortex light by passing through the convex lens.
The same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components.
The terms describing positional relationships in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
it should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a generate compound spiral phase plate of compound vortex rotation, its characterized in that includes bottom plate (3), be equipped with circular region (1) and ring region (2) on bottom plate (3), ring region (2) set up in the circumference outside of circular region (1), and the centre of a circle of circular region (1) and ring region (2) is the same, and the thickness of circular region (1) is the heliciform along the axis direction and becomes thickly gradually and constitute the circular spiral phase plate region of compound spiral phase plate, and the thickness of ring region (2) is the heliciform along the axis direction and becomes thickly gradually and constitutes the ring spiral phase plate region of compound spiral phase plate, and bottom plate (3) scribbles opaque coating in the region outside circular region (1) and ring region (2).
2. A composite spiral phase plate generating compound vortex rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that the circular area (1) and the circular ring area (2) are gradually thicker in the counterclockwise direction.
3. A composite spiral phase plate for generating compound vortex rotation according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the circular area (1) and the circular ring area (2) at any arc different from the thinnest position is:
h＝lλθ/2π(n-1)
wherein l is topological charge number and is any positive integer, λ is incident light wavelength, θ is phase angle rotated from thinnest radius position, n is refractive index of material used for manufacturing the circular ring region (2) or the circular region (1), and optical path difference generated between thickest and thinnest positions is l x 2 π.
4. A composite spiral phase plate for generating composite vortex rotation according to claim 3, wherein the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate area is greater than the topological charge number of the circular spiral phase plate area.
5. The system for generating the composite vortex optical rotation is characterized by comprising a laser source, a beam expander and a composite spiral phase plate, wherein the beam expander is arranged between the laser source and the composite spiral phase plate, the diameter of a laser beam emitted by the laser source is increased after the laser beam passes through the beam expander, and the expanded laser beam passes through the composite spiral phase plate to obtain the composite vortex optical rotation.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the laser source emits a gaussian laser beam.
7. The system of claim 5, further comprising a convex lens disposed on an exit side of the composite spiral phase plate.
8. A method of generating a compound vortex rotation comprising the steps of:
s1, aligning a laser source to the beam expander and the composite spiral phase plate;
s2, starting a laser light source to emit a laser beam;
s3, enabling the laser beam to reach the composite spiral phase plate through the beam expander;
and S4, the laser beam passes through the composite spiral phase plate to generate composite vortex optical rotation.
9. The method for generating compound vortex rotation according to claim 8, further comprising step S5, wherein the compound vortex light passes through a convex lens to reduce the diameter of the compound vortex light.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the laser beam of steps S2-S4 is a Gaussian beam.
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| CN108345120A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-07-31 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队航天工程大学 | One kind being based on the cascade vortex light preparation method of matrix spiral phase plate |
| CN110988380A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-10 | 华中科技大学 | Structured light interferometry method and device |
| CN214845863U (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-11-23 | 广东工业大学 | Composite spiral phase plate for generating composite vortex rotation |
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2021
- 2021-06-07 CN CN202110632556.2A patent/CN113311528B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5283796A (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1994-02-01 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Phase plate or spiral phase wheel driven linear frequency chirped laser |
| JP2015163912A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-10 | 国立大学法人 千葉大学 | Optical vortex generator, continuous spiral phase plate used therefor, and optical vortex generation method |
| CN105977630A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-09-28 | 东南大学 | Ultrathin orbital angular momentum spiral phase plate antenna and design method thereof |
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| CN110988380A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-10 | 华中科技大学 | Structured light interferometry method and device |
| CN214845863U (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-11-23 | 广东工业大学 | Composite spiral phase plate for generating composite vortex rotation |
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