CN113306256A - 一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料及其制备方法。本发明的包装材料由上、中、下三层组成,上层和下层均为保护层,中间层为相变储能层,其中相变储能层为相变材料。通过将相变石蜡微胶囊化,可直接二次固化成型,避免了与其他胶类或涂料复合使用,保证了最大效率的相变焓得到利用,因此能够使包装材料本体在相变焓较大的情况下并不厚重,保证了能够在包装领域有较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包装领域,更具体的是一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
相变材料是一种公认的环保材料,具有在一定温度范围内改变其物理状态的能力。以固液相变为例,在加热到熔化温度时,就产生从固态到液态的相变,熔化的过程中,相变材料吸收并储存大量的潜热;当相变材料冷却时,储存的热量在一定的温度范围内要散发到环境中去,进行从液态到固态的逆相变。在这两种相变过程中,所储存或释放的能量称为相变潜热。物理状态发生变化时,材料自身的温度在相变完成前几乎维持不变,形成一个宽的温度平台,虽然温度不变,但吸收或释放的潜热却相当大。
因此能够起到保温的作用,目前已经运用到航天、纺织、建筑、制冷设备、军工等各个领域。但同时也遇到一些问题,由于相变材料大部分是有固态变为液态,其变化过程后,如果有密封不严或者碰撞导致破损会有液体泄露,因此传统工艺的外壳包裹的非常厚,但这样会大大降低其热焓。
相变焓的单位是J/g,其定义是单位质量发生相变后所能吸收或者放出的热量。因此和重量有关,在使用传统外壳包裹相变层时相变层的质量会被大量稀释,最终导致整体的相变焓并不高,因此不能达到效果。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明公开了一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料及其制备方法。
本发明提供了一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料,由上、中、下三层组成,上层和下层均为保护层,中间层为相变储能层,其中相变储能层为相变材料。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料中所述上层和下层的材质为塑料或金属,所述塑料选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的一种或多种,所述金属选自铁、铝、铜中的一种或多种。
具体的,上层和上层的质量仅为相变层的1/20。这样能够保证最大的发挥相变层的高相变焓优势。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料中间层的相变材料为相变石蜡。
作为本发明的进一步方案,所述相变石蜡的结构通式为:
其中:x和y表示0以上的整数,并且x+y≥13,A表示-CH2-、-O-、-CO-O-或-O-CO-。
具体的,根据上述通式,相变石蜡的结构可以为十四烷烃、十八烷烃、二十烷烃、八烷基-六烷基醚、八烷基-十二烷基醚、己酸癸脂、辛酸辛酯等。
具体的,能够根据具体使用温度决定使用哪一种相变石蜡,或者两种或更多种相变石蜡混合使用。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料中相变温度根据原材料的不同可以从20℃-70℃任意选择。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料中相变石蜡的相变焓≥200J/g。
作为本发明的更进一步方案,本发明的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料中相变石蜡的相变焓≥210J/g。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明使用聚合法将相变石蜡做成相变微胶囊。
具体的,所述相变微胶囊由相变石蜡、乳化剂、引发剂、油相单体、水相单体及水经过界面聚合法聚合而得。
作为本发明的进一步方案,相变石蜡的质量占环保包装材料总质量的80-95%。
作为本发明的进一步方案,相变石蜡的质量占环保包装材料总质量的90-95%。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明使用的界面聚合法中的乳化剂选自乙烯基磺酸钠、烯丙基醚、巯基硅氧烷中的一种或多种。
具体的,上述乳化剂是一种反应型乳化剂,最终会反应到壳材上,不会造成存在游离状态的小分子。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明使用的界面聚合法中的乳化剂占界面聚合法反应原料总质量的1-5%。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明使用的界面聚合法中的引发剂为水溶性引发剂。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明使用的界面聚合法中的引发剂占界面聚合法反应原料总质量的0.5-1.5%。
具体的,水溶性引发剂为过硫酸钾。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明使用的界面聚合法中的油相单体为丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯等带有双键的单体中的一种或多种。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明使用的界面聚合法中的水相单体为甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺等带有双键并能够溶于水的单体中的一种或多种。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明界面聚合法中使用的水相单体和油相单体的质量比为0.5:0.5-1。
作为本发明的进一步方案,本发明一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料的制备方法,包含步骤如下:
(1)将相变微胶囊装入模具中压实;
(2)在真空状态下升温,温度保持在相变微胶囊的Tg点以上,熔点以下;
(3)当体系定型后取出,使用上层和下层固定。
本发明提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是:
通过将相变石蜡微胶囊化,可直接二次固化成型,避免了与其他胶类或涂料复合使用,保证了最大效率的相变焓得到利用,因此能够使包装材料本体在相变焓较大的情况下并不厚重,保证了能够在包装领域有较好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为合成例1中相变石蜡的相变温度以及相变焓;
图2为合成例1制备得到的微胶囊的相变温度和相变焓谱图;
图3为合成例1制备得到的微胶囊的显微镜图;
图4为合成例1制备得到的微胶囊的SEM谱图;
图5为实施例1制得的包装材料剪裁后的漏液情况图。
具体实施方法
以下将通过具体实施例进一步地描述本发明。
在以下具体实施例中,所涉及的操作未注明条件者,均按照常规条件或者制造商建议的条件进行。本发明方案中所用原料除相变石蜡外均购自国药以及阿拉丁。
合成例1
将90g的二十二烷烃、5g的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、0.5g的乳化剂乙烯基磺酸钠加入到500g水中,在60℃下使用10000转的乳化器进行乳化,使用显微镜进行观察,直至乳化均匀。
将0.15g的过硫酸钾和5g的丙烯酸溶解在水中,均匀的滴加到体系中,时间保持1小时左右,滴加完成后保温3小时即可得到产品。
合成例2
将85g的十四烷烃、9g的苯乙烯、0.3g的乳化剂烯丙基醚加入到500g水中,在60℃下使用10000转的乳化器进行乳化,使用显微镜进行观察,直至乳化均匀。
将0.15g的过硫酸钾和6g的丙烯酸羟乙酯溶解在水中,均匀的滴加到体系中,时间保持1小时左右,滴加完成后保温3小时即可得到产品。
合成例3
将88g的辛酸辛酯、8g的丙烯酸丁酯、0.2g的乳化剂巯基硅氧烷加入到500g水中,在60℃下使用10000转的乳化器进行乳化,使用显微镜进行观察,直至乳化均匀。
将0.12g的过硫酸钾和4g的丙烯酰胺溶解在水中,均匀的滴加到体系中,时间保持1小时左右,滴加完成后保温3小时即可得到产品。
合成例4
将92g的八烷基-十二烷基醚、5g的丙烯酸丁酯、0.3g的乳化剂加巯基硅氧烷入到500g水中,在60℃下使用10000转的乳化器进行乳化,使用显微镜进行观察,直至乳化均匀。
将0.1g的过硫酸钾和3g的丙烯酰胺溶解在水中,均匀的滴加到体系中,时间保持1小时左右,滴加完成后保温3小时即可得到产品。
合成例5
将92g的二十烷烃、5g的丙烯酸烯丙酯、0.4g的乳化剂乙烯基磺酸钠加入到500g水中,在60℃下使用10000转的乳化器进行乳化,使用显微镜进行观察,直至乳化均匀。
将0.12g的过硫酸钾和3g的丙烯酰胺溶解在水中,均匀的滴加到体系中,时间保持1小时左右,滴加完成后保温3小时即可得到产品。
上述合成例得到的是改性相变材料乳液。测试其相变温度,相变焓,粒径。其中相变温度以及相变焓使用DSC进行测试,粒径使用显微镜进行测试。
相变温度 | 相变焓 | 粒径 | |
合成例1 | 43℃ | 217J/g | 7um |
合成例2 | 7℃ | 187J/g | 11um |
合成例3 | 12℃ | 192J/g | 17um |
合成例4 | 21℃ | 214J/g | 15um |
合成例5 | 35℃ | 220J/g | 6um |
表1:合成例性能测试表
从上述性能表以及图1至图4可以看出,本发明所使用的改性相变材料具有粒径小,相变温度可控,相变焓高等多种优点。
实施例1
将600g的合成例1制备得到的微胶囊干粉加入到磨具中,室温下抽真空4小时,去除大部分水。然后缓慢升温到壳材tg点以上,熔点以下继续抽真空,保持次过程,直至体系摸上去没有粉状物质。
将体系脱模,使用PET薄膜作为上下层,上下层质量为中间层质量的1/20,使用涂覆胶将上中下三层粘接起来。
实施例2
将600g的合成例2制备得到的微胶囊干粉加入到磨具中,室温下抽真空4小时,去除大部分水。然后缓慢升温到壳材tg点以上,熔点以下继续抽真空,保持次过程,直至体系摸上去没有粉状物质。
将体系脱模,使用铝薄板作为上下层,上下层质量为中间层质量的1/20,使用涂覆胶将上中下三层粘接起来。
实施例3
将600g的合成例3制备得到的微胶囊干粉加入到磨具中,室温下抽真空4小时,去除大部分水。然后缓慢升温到壳材tg点以上,熔点以下继续抽真空,保持次过程,直至体系摸上去没有粉状物质。
将体系脱模,使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯薄板作为上下层,上下层质量为中间层质量的1/20,使用涂覆胶将上中下三层粘接起来。
实施例4
将600g的合成例4制备得到的微胶囊干粉加入到磨具中,室温下抽真空4小时,去除大部分水。然后缓慢升温到壳材tg点以上,熔点以下继续抽真空,保持次过程,直至体系摸上去没有粉状物质。
将体系脱模,使用聚丙烯薄膜作为上下层,上下层质量为中间层质量的1/20,使用胶带将上中下三层固定起来。
实施例5
将600g的合成例5制备得到的微胶囊干粉加入到磨具中,室温下抽真空4小时,去除大部分水。然后缓慢升温到壳材tg点以上,熔点以下继续抽真空,保持次过程,直至体系摸上去没有粉状物质。
将体系脱模,使用铜板作为上下层,上下层质量为中间层质量的1/20,使用胶带将上中下三层固定起来。
实施例1-5为合成例1-5的应用,测试其在剪裁或者碰撞下的漏液情况。
剪裁漏液情况 | |
实施例1 | 不漏液 |
实施例2 | 不漏液 |
实施例3 | 不漏液 |
实施例4 | 不漏液 |
实施例5 | 不漏液 |
从上表以及图中可以看到,本发明制得的环保包装材料在剪裁后完全不发生漏液,并且在石蜡相变变成液体后依然能够牢牢将石蜡固定住,不发生漏液,是一种性能优异的产品。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料,其特征在于,由上、中、下三层组成,上层和下层均为保护层,中间层为相变储能层,其中相变储能层为相变材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料,其特征在于,所述上层和下层的材质为塑料或金属,所述塑料选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的一种或多种,所述金属选自铁、铝、铜中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料,其特征在于,所述中间层的相变材料为相变石蜡。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料,其特征在于,所述相变石蜡的相变焓≥200J/g。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料,其特征在于,使用聚合法将相变石蜡做成相变微胶囊。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料,其特征在于,所述相变微胶囊由相变石蜡、乳化剂、引发剂、油相单体、水相单体及水经过界面聚合法聚合而得。
8.根据权利要求3中所述的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料,其特征在于,所述相变石蜡的质量占环保包装材料总质量的80-95%。
9.根据权利要求7中所述的一种具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料,其特征在于,所述乳化剂选自乙烯基磺酸钠、烯丙基醚、巯基硅氧烷中的一种或多种;所述乳化剂占界面聚合法反应原料总质量的1-5%;所述引发剂为水溶性引发剂;所述引发剂占占界面聚合法反应原料总质量的0.5-1.5%;所述油相单体为丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯中的一种或多种;所述水相单体为甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺中的一种或多种;所述水相单体和油相单体的质量比为0.5∶0.5-1。
10.权利要求7所述具有相变储能功能的环保包装材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包含步骤如下:
(1)将相变微胶囊装入模具中压实;
(2)在真空状态下升温,温度保持在相变微胶囊的Tg点以上,熔点以下;
(3)当体系定型后取出,使用上层和下层固定。
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CN107538842A (zh) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-01-05 | 上海叹止新材料科技有限公司 | 一种储能散热复合胶片及其制备方法 |
CN110744897A (zh) * | 2019-09-09 | 2020-02-04 | 山东斯诺尔节能建材有限公司 | 含有相变材料的建筑保温卷材及其制备方法 |
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CN111959072A (zh) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-11-20 | 襄阳三沃航天薄膜材料有限公司 | 一种储能相变薄膜复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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