CN113305440A - Micro-nano structure surface strengthening method and high-power heat exchange equipment performance improving method - Google Patents
Micro-nano structure surface strengthening method and high-power heat exchange equipment performance improving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113305440A CN113305440A CN202110571626.8A CN202110571626A CN113305440A CN 113305440 A CN113305440 A CN 113305440A CN 202110571626 A CN202110571626 A CN 202110571626A CN 113305440 A CN113305440 A CN 113305440A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/355—Texturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
- B23K26/364—Laser etching for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/02—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by influencing fluid boundary
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-nano structure surface strengthening method and a high-power heat exchange equipment performance improving method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: firstly, preprocessing a heat exchange surface of an original base material; and secondly, processing micro-nano structures of grooves with different sizes distributed in an array manner on the heat exchange surface after pretreatment by adopting a femtosecond laser technology. According to the invention, the femtosecond laser micro-nano processing technology is utilized to construct 'groove' micro-nano structures distributed in arrays with different sizes on an original base material, so that the hydrophilicity of the wall surface is improved, and the improvement of the critical heat flux density is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal hydraulic power, and particularly relates to a micro-nano structure surface strengthening method and a method for improving the performance of high-power heat exchange equipment based on the surface strengthening mode.
Background
The critical heat flow density is one of the key limit values of the thermodynamic and hydraulic design of the heat exchange equipment with high power density, the critical heat flow density is improved, the thermodynamic safety allowance can be further released, and the critical heat flow density plays an important role in improving the thermodynamic performance and safety of the heat exchange equipment. Most of the existing mature critical heat flux density models consider that the heating surface cannot be cooled well after the gas phase covers the heating surface, and the boiling critical is triggered to cause the temperature of the heating surface to fly. Therefore, the mechanism for enhancing the critical heat flux density mainly includes: (1) the gas phase is promoted to leave the heating surface quickly, so that the heating surface can be cooled well; (2) expanding the area of a heating surface, reducing the heat flux density of the wall surface under the same power condition, and improving the equivalent critical heat flux density; (3) the contact capacity of the heating surface and the coolant is improved, so that the wall surface is cooled better. The main technical method comprises the following steps: strengthening surfaces, additives, changing flow channel designs, and adding force fields, etc. In the aspect of additives, in recent years, aiming at nanofluids composed of nanoparticle additives, CHF is improved by improving wall wetting capacity through depositing nanoparticles into porous medium layers; the applied force field is primarily applied by fluid induced vibration, fluid rotation, and electromagnetic field effects to cause the gas phase to rapidly break away from the heating surface to increase CHF. As the additive, the change of the flow channel design and the additional force field are easy to bring additional influence in engineering application, the technical mode of strengthening the surface in the heat exchange equipment with high power density has better application prospect compared with the prior art.
The technical method for strengthening the surface mainly comprises the following steps: the wall surface micro structure, the artificial rough surface, the porous adhesion layer (coating) and the like, however, the rough surface and the porous adhesion layer are difficult to be well matched with each other due to the fact that the uncertainty of the process manufacturing is large and the problem of long-term stability is considered, and the method is difficult to be applied to high-power heat exchange equipment with extremely high thermal safety performance requirements. Therefore, for improving the critical heat flow density of the heat exchange equipment, a critical heat flow density improving technology which is stable for a long time and has an accurately controllable process structure is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitation that the existing reinforced critical heat flux density is not suitable for high-power heat exchange equipment with extremely high thermal safety performance requirements, the invention provides a novel micro-nano structure surface reinforcing method, the reinforcing method utilizes a femtosecond laser technology to manufacture a precisely controllable micro-nano structure on a metal heat transfer interface to realize surface modification, can not bring other additional influences while keeping long-term stability, greatly improves the safety limit value of the heat exchange equipment with high power density, and has important significance for improving the thermal performance and safety of the heat exchange equipment.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a micro-nano structure surface strengthening method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preprocessing a heat exchange surface of an original base material;
and secondly, processing micro-nano structures of grooves with different sizes distributed in an array manner on the heat exchange surface after pretreatment by adopting a femtosecond laser technology.
According to the invention, the femtosecond laser micro-nano processing technology is utilized to construct 'groove' micro-nano structures distributed in arrays with different sizes on an original base material, so that the hydrophilicity of the wall surface is improved, and the improvement of the critical heat flux density is realized.
Preferably, the height of the 'groove' micro-nano structure is 0.1-100 um; the groove included angle of the groove micro-nano structure is 20-70 degrees.
Preferably, the array distribution of the present invention is arranged according to an array with "n large-sized trenches + m small-sized trenches" as basic cells;
wherein, both m and n are not positive integers.
Preferably, the height of the large-size groove micro-nano structure is greater than 10um and less than or equal to 100um, and the included angle of the groove is 20-70 degrees;
the height of the small-size groove micro-nano structure is more than or equal to 0.1um and less than or equal to 10um, and the included angle of the groove is 20-70 degrees.
Preferably, n is 2 and m is 3.
Preferably, the second step of the present invention specifically comprises:
step S21, preparing a small-size micro-nano structure on the heat exchange surface after pretreatment by adopting a femtosecond laser technology;
step S22, adjusting femtosecond laser energy;
and step S23, processing the large-size micro-nano structure on the heat exchange surface of the small-size micro-nano structure by using the adjusted femtosecond laser technology, thereby realizing the array arrangement of the two micro-nano structures with different sizes.
Preferably, the heat exchange surface of the original base material is pretreated in the steps of the invention, so that the integral roughness of the heat exchange surface of the original base material is smaller than the roughness of a micron structure in a micro-nano structure to be prepared subsequently.
Preferably, the pretreatment of the present invention is a grinding treatment.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a performance improvement method of high-power heat exchange equipment based on the new micro-nano structure surface strengthening method, the method adopts the precisely controllable surface micro-nano structures which are arranged in arrays with different structure sizes and obtained by the new micro-nano structure surface strengthening method to improve the critical heat flow density of a heat transfer interface, so that the long-term stability is maintained, other additional influences are not brought, and the safety limit value of the high-power heat exchange equipment is improved.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the femtosecond laser technology is utilized to process the 'groove' micro-nano structure with accurately controllable array distribution in different sizes, so that the hydrophilicity of the wall surface is improved, the wetting capacity of a liquid film on a heating surface is improved, the improvement of the critical heat flow density is realized, the long-term stability is maintained, other additional influences are not brought, and the safety limit value of the heat exchange equipment with high power density is greatly improved.
2. The invention has huge application potential and economic value, has good expansibility and fully meets the requirement of efficient compact heat exchange equipment for further excavating thermal safety margin.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the strengthening method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a peak-valley included angle of a 'groove' micro-nano structure.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 'groove' micro-nano structure array with non-uniform size array distribution.
FIG. 4 is a drawing of a multi-electron microscope with different sizes of 'groove' micro-nano structures.
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the performance of the surface of the uniform and non-uniform 'groove' micro-nano structure prepared by the invention.
Wherein, (a) is a uniform 'groove' micro-nano structure, and (b) is a non-uniform 'groove' micro-nano structure.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-large-size 'groove' micro-nano structure and 2-small-size 'groove' micro-nano structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The critical heat flow density is one of the key limit values of the thermodynamic and hydraulic design of the heat exchange equipment with high power density, the critical heat flow density is improved, the thermodynamic safety allowance can be further released, and the critical heat flow density plays an important role in improving the thermodynamic performance and safety of the heat exchange equipment. For the improvement of critical heat flux density of high-power heat exchange equipment with extremely high requirements on thermal safety performance, a critical heat flux density improvement technology which is stable for a long time and has an accurately controllable process structure is urgently needed. Therefore, aiming at the problem that the performance of high-power heat exchange equipment with extremely high thermal safety performance requirements is improved, the embodiment provides a novel micro-nano structure surface strengthening method, the method of the embodiment utilizes a femtosecond laser technology to process a precisely controllable micro-nano structure with grooves distributed in arrays of different sizes, and the hydrophilicity of a wall surface is improved, so that the wetting capacity of a liquid film on a heating surface is improved, the improvement of critical heat flow density is realized, other additional influences can not be brought while the long-term stability is kept, and the safety limit value of the heat exchange equipment with high power density is greatly improved.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the method of this embodiment includes the following steps:
step one, preprocessing the heat exchange surface of an original base material.
Generally, the surface obtained by machining has relatively limited flatness, and the size of a recess or a bulge in a local area is possibly too large, so that the finish machining of the surface of the micro-nano structure is influenced. Before the micro-nano structure surface fine processing treatment is carried out, the original substrate material can be pretreated (such as grinding) so that the integral roughness of the original substrate material is smaller than the roughness of a micro-structure in a micro-nano structure to be prepared subsequently.
And secondly, processing micro-nano structures of grooves with different sizes distributed in an array manner on the heat exchange surface after pretreatment by adopting a femtosecond laser technology.
In this embodiment, the groove micro-nano structure arranged in an array with different structure sizes is adopted to improve the wall wetting property and realize the improvement of the critical heat flux density, and the size range of the groove micro-nano structure is as follows: the height is 0.1-100um, and the included angle theta (shown in figure 2) of the groove ranges from 20 degrees to 70 degrees. A physical diagram under a multi-electron microscope of micro-nano structures of different sizes of grooves is shown in FIG. 4.
According to the embodiment, the regulation and control of different hydrophilic performances of the heating surface are realized by using the 'groove' micro-nano structures with different sizes, the 'groove' micro-nano structures with different sizes distributed in an array can destroy vapor film growth by using larger micro-nano structures, and the gas phase is enabled to rapidly leave the heating surface by using smaller micro-nano structures, so that the cooling capacity of the liquid coolant on the surface is improved. The critical heat flux density is further improved under the combined action of the two.
Wherein, the size range of the micro-nano structure with larger size is as follows: the height is 10-100um, the included angle theta of the groove ranges from 20 degrees to 70 degrees, and the size range of the small micro-nano structure is as follows: the height is 0.1-10um, and the included angle theta of the groove ranges from 20 degrees to 70 degrees.
The array mode can be implemented by using "n is larger than + m is smaller" as a basic unit array arrangement according to requirements, n and m are the number of the large structure and the small structure in one unit respectively, wherein n is preferably 2, and m is preferably 3 in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 in particular.
The second step of this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
after the pretreatment such as grinding, firstly, a small micro-nano structure is prepared on the whole heating surface through femtosecond laser in the whole range according to the requirement of the size structure of the small micro-nano structure, on the basis, the parameters such as femtosecond laser energy and the like are adjusted, and on the basis of the existing small micro-nano structure, the distance is controlled to process a large micro-nano structure, so that array arrangement of two micro-nano structures in different sizes is realized.
In the embodiment, after uniform and non-uniform groove micro-nano structures are respectively constructed on the heat exchange surface of the original base material, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic performance of the surface is changed under the action of the surface micro-nano structures, and the performances of the surfaces with different structures can be represented by using a 'sitting-drop' method. The specific implementation process comprises the following steps: the process of the water drop spreading freely on the surface and the final morphology were observed with a high-speed high-power camera, and three-phase contact angles were obtained, and the surface properties were characterized by their contact angles, as shown in fig. 5.
According to the micro-nano structure surface strengthening method, the hydrophilic performance of the wall surface is changed by constructing a suitable micro-nano structure form, so that the wetting capacity of a liquid film on a heating surface is improved, the critical heat flux density is improved, and the safety limit value of heat exchange equipment is greatly improved.
The working conditions of the micro-nano structure of the embodiment are as follows: the working pressure of the aqueous medium is normal pressure to 20MPa, and the working temperature is normal temperature to 500 ℃.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A micro-nano structure surface strengthening method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, preprocessing a heat exchange surface of an original base material;
and secondly, processing micro-nano structures of grooves with different sizes distributed in an array manner on the heat exchange surface after pretreatment by adopting a femtosecond laser technology.
2. The method for strengthening the surface of the micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the height of the micro-nano structure of the 'groove' is 0.1-100 um; the groove included angle of the groove micro-nano structure is 20-70 degrees.
3. The method for strengthening the surface of a micro-nano structure according to claim 1, wherein the array distribution is arranged by taking n large-size grooves + m small-size grooves as a basic unit array;
wherein, both m and n are not positive integers.
4. The method for strengthening the surface of the micro-nano structure according to claim 3, wherein the height of the large-size groove micro-nano structure is greater than 10um and less than or equal to 100um, and the included angle of the groove is 20-70 degrees;
the height of the small-size groove micro-nano structure is more than or equal to 0.1um and less than or equal to 10um, and the included angle of the groove is 20-70 degrees.
5. The method for strengthening the surface of the micro-nano structure according to claim 3, wherein n is 2 and m is 3.
6. The method for strengthening the surface of a micro-nano structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second step specifically comprises:
step S21, preparing a small-size micro-nano structure on the heat exchange surface after pretreatment by adopting a femtosecond laser technology;
step S22, adjusting femtosecond laser energy;
and step S23, processing the large-size micro-nano structure on the heat exchange surface of the small-size micro-nano structure by using the adjusted femtosecond laser technology, thereby realizing the array arrangement of the two micro-nano structures with different sizes.
7. The method for strengthening the surface of a micro-nano structure according to claim 6, wherein the step of pretreating the heat exchange surface of the original base material is performed, so that the overall roughness of the heat exchange surface of the original base material is smaller than the roughness of a micro-structure in the micro-nano structure to be prepared subsequently.
8. The method for strengthening the surface of the micro-nano structure according to claim 6, wherein the pretreatment is a grinding treatment.
9. A method for improving the performance of high-power heat exchange equipment is characterized in that the method adopts the surface micro-nano structure which is obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 and is arranged in an array with different structure sizes in an accurate and controllable mode to improve the critical heat flow density of a heat transfer interface, so that long-term stability is maintained, other additional influences are not brought, and the safety limit value of the high-power heat exchange equipment is improved.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114105677A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Method for realizing lasting super-hydrophilicity of sapphire surface |
| CN114619148A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-06-14 | 南京理工大学 | Method for changing surface wettability of invar alloy through femtosecond laser |
| CN115165722A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-11 | 上海交通大学 | Heat exchange characteristic testing method for practical environment application of surface modified plate-shaped element |
| CN115424993A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-12-02 | 长沙理工大学 | Nano porous double-layer reinforced chip boiling heat exchange structure and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN115424993A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-12-02 | 长沙理工大学 | Nano porous double-layer reinforced chip boiling heat exchange structure and manufacturing method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210827 |