CN114111428B - Method for realizing time scale enhanced phase change boiling heat exchange through space architecture - Google Patents
Method for realizing time scale enhanced phase change boiling heat exchange through space architecture Download PDFInfo
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- CN114111428B CN114111428B CN202111403994.8A CN202111403994A CN114111428B CN 114111428 B CN114111428 B CN 114111428B CN 202111403994 A CN202111403994 A CN 202111403994A CN 114111428 B CN114111428 B CN 114111428B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F23/00—Features relating to the use of intermediate heat-exchange materials, e.g. selection of compositions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
- F28F2245/04—Coatings; Surface treatments hydrophobic
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a method for realizing time scale enhanced phase change boiling heat exchange by a space architecture, belonging to the technical field of enhanced heat transfer. In particular to a local self-adaptive controllable wettability coupling microstructure enhanced boiling heat exchange method. The enhanced boiling heat exchange method is that a microstructure heat exchange surface of a hydrophobic coating is coated on a heat exchange substrate of a heat exchange space architecture; arranging a degassing film with surface wettability on the top of the heat exchange surface of the microstructure; the hydrophobicity of the heat exchange surface is utilized to promote bubble nucleation and increase the density of bubble nuclei; the air affinity of the 'degassing membrane' is utilized to promote the separation of bubbles; active and efficient enhanced boiling heat exchange is realized by regulating and controlling a degassing film of a wetting space framework. The invention starts from the physical mechanism of boiling phase change heat transfer, fundamentally strengthens the new technology of heat transfer performance, promotes the technical innovation of intelligent strengthening phase change heat transfer, and has simple method, low cost and easy popularization; has profound academic value and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of enhanced heat transfer, and particularly relates to a method for realizing time scale enhanced phase change boiling heat exchange through a space architecture. In particular to a local self-adaptive controllable wettability coupling microstructure enhanced boiling heat exchange method.
Background
Boiling phase change heat transfer is used as a high-efficiency heat exchange means and is widely applied to the fields of high-efficiency heat exchangers, rockets and the like which need enhanced heat transfer and rapid cooling. However, film boiling or dry wall phenomenon exists in the boiling process, which significantly reduces the boiling heat transfer efficiency and even leads to the situation that heat exchange equipment is burnt. In order to avoid the film boiling or wall drying phenomenon, the requirement on the heat exchange equipment material is improved, and the use of the heat exchange equipment is limited. In practical application, the boiling heat transfer process must be controlled in a nucleate boiling stage with small heat transfer temperature difference and large heat flow density. Therefore, how to accurately regulate the boiling form in the nucleate boiling stage and effectively improve the phase change heat transfer performance becomes the key point of enhancing the boiling heat transfer. Based on the basic physical knowledge of the boiling process, the boiling stage can be divided into several stages, namely natural convection heat transfer, nucleate boiling, transition boiling and film boiling. As shown in fig. 3, when the degree of superheat of the wall surface is small, the heating surface and the heat exchange fluid exchange heat mainly in a natural convection heat transfer mode, and at this time, the heat flow density is low, and no boiling bubbles are generated, which is called a natural convection stage; when the superheat degree of the wall surface is increased to a certain degree, nucleation is started on the wall surface to generate bubbles, the bubbles grow and are separated from the wall surface, the bubbles exchange heat with surrounding liquid in the rising process and gradually enter a stable nucleate boiling stage, and in the nucleate boiling stage, the heat transfer coefficient is large, the wall temperature is low, and the heat transfer coefficient is obviously increased along with the increase of the superheat degree of the wall surface; when the superheat degree reaches a critical value, the nucleation center of the wall surface is rapidly increased, a large number of bubbles are generated, and a stable vapor film with low thermal conductivity begins to be formed on the wall surface, so that the heat transfer coefficient is reduced, and the film enters a film boiling stage; in the film boiling stage, due to the existence of a vapor film, the heat transfer efficiency is low, the heat exchange capacity is poor, the heat transfer surface generates a dry burning phenomenon, and the heat exchanger is in danger of burning. For this reason, nucleate boiling is the main form of boiling phase transition heat transfer in practical applications. The enhanced boiling phase change heat exchange process must be based on the complex bubble dynamics research of the boiling phase change process. The heat exchanger has the danger of burning out due to dry burning of the heat transfer surface in transition boiling and film boiling, and the heat transfer efficiency is obviously reduced; therefore, the boiling dynamics law in the active heat control mainly aims at the physical processes of bubble nucleation, growth, merging, separation, updating and the like in the nucleate boiling process.
The nucleation of the boiling bubbles, the separation of the bubbles and the renewal and supplement of liquid are comprehensively considered, the local hydrophilic and hydrophobic treatment is carried out on the boiling surface, and the separation of the bubbles can be directly accelerated or inhibited by changing the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the wall surface. The hydrophobic surface is easy to promote the nucleation of the bubbles, but inhibits the detachment of the bubbles and reduces the detachment frequency of the bubbles, while the boiling process of the hydrophilic surface has a higher bubble detachment frequency, but theoretically is difficult to cause the nucleation of the bubbles. More and more researchers couple microstructures such as porous silk screen, sintered porous, micro-pits, micro-column array, etc. while locally hydrophilic and hydrophobic processing the microstructure surface. Generally, the micro structure below the micron directly influences the hydrophilicity and the hydrophobicity of the wall surface, and local hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity modification is carried out on the micro structure, so that the influence on the boiling performance is small. For the boiling surface of a microstructure with the diameter of more than dozens of microns, the boiling surface is limited by a processing means and a wetting treatment method, the bottom of the microstructure is a hydrophilic matrix, and the top of the microstructure is subjected to hydrophobic treatment; the method has the advantages that vaporization cores are increased, and bubbles easily rise to the top of the microstructure and grow; but the disadvantage is also apparent that the bubbles do not detach easily. Only the wettability of the local position of the microstructure is controlled to be controlled and switched, the top of the microstructure is controlled to be hydrophobic in the bubble nucleation and rising stage, the convergence of multi-nucleated bubbles is promoted, and the regeneration and activation of the nucleation center at the bottom of the microstructure are accelerated; meanwhile, when the bubbles are converged at the top end, the bubbles are changed into hydrophilic, so that the separation of the bubbles is rapidly promoted; the controllable enhanced heat exchange in the whole bubble kinetic process (bubble nucleation, growth and separation) can be really realized.
In recent years, the enhancement of boiling heat transfer by utilizing a microstructure modified surface is a research hotspot of the enhancement of boiling heat transfer. The method for realizing the time scale enhanced phase change boiling heat transfer through the space architecture is based on the physical mechanism of phase change heat transfer, really realizes the whole process enhancement of the dynamic process of boiling bubbles, improves the controllability of a boiling enhancement technology, and is a new technology and a new method for fundamentally enhancing the boiling phase change heat transfer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for realizing time scale reinforced phase change boiling heat exchange through a space architecture; the heat exchange device is characterized in that the boiling heat exchange space is constructed by a microstructure heat exchange surface coated with a hydrophobic coating on a heat exchange substrate 1; a degassing film 2 with surface wettability is arranged on the top of the heat exchange surface of the microstructure; the heat exchange working medium forms bubbles 3 on the heat exchange surface of the microstructure; the hydrophobicity of the heat exchange surface is utilized to promote the nucleation of bubbles and increase the density of bubble nuclei 4; the air affinity of the degassing membrane 2 is utilized to promote the separation of bubbles; thereby realizing active and high-efficiency enhanced boiling heat exchange.
The micro-structure heat exchange surface considers the limitation of the equivalent size and the spacing of the micro-structure on the nucleation density and the climbing and convergence of bubbles; meanwhile, the top end of the microstructure is designed into a porous foam plate or a wire mesh structure, and a degassing film is formed on the boiling heat exchange surface.
The heat exchange working medium is water, FC-72, HFE-7100 or azeotropic immiscible liquid formed by the working media, so that the heat exchange surface and the generated degassing membrane are surfaces with surface wettability, the bubble nucleation density is increased, and the bubble nucleation is promoted.
The time infiltration requirement of the enhanced boiling is realized by setting a boiling heat exchange surface with fixed infiltration and the coupling regulation and control of a degassing film of a space structure; the hydrophobic property and the hydrophilic property existing in the space structure are utilized to realize the controllability of the wettability of the boiling surface and promote the nucleation and the separation of bubbles; the whole process is strengthened from the basic physics of the boiling phase change process, so that the boiling heat exchange is fundamentally strengthened; coupling the independent porous structure with the hydrophobic boiling heat exchange wall surfaces for matching, so that the whole area of the hydrophobic surface can promote nucleation and bubble growth, and directly interfering to promote all grown bubbles to be separated by using the independent porous structure once the bubbles grow up; in the vigorous bubble separation stage, the air affinity of the 'degassing membrane' of the space frame can well promote the separation of bubbles so as to increase the separation frequency of the bubbles and strengthen the phase change heat exchange of the boiling surface; thereby each driver can realize the comprehensive and whole-course strengthening of the bubble boiling dynamic process; meanwhile, the transformation from the nucleate boiling state to the film boiling state and the mixed boiling state of the actual heat exchanger can be avoided, the actual heat exchanger can be always maintained in the nucleate boiling mode, and the heat exchange performance of the actual heat exchanger is obviously improved;
the wettability of the boiling surface is controllable by utilizing the hydrophobicity and the hydrophily existing in the space structure at the same time, and the nucleation and the separation of bubbles are promoted; the whole process is strengthened from the basic physics of the boiling phase transition process, and the boiling heat exchange is strengthened fundamentally.
The material of the microstructure heat exchange plate is metal or nonmetal with good heat conducting property.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: (1) The invention introduces a space structure into the boiling process, realizes the effect of controllable conversion of the time scale of the wettability of the boiling surface and promotes the development of the boiling regulation technology. (2) According to the invention, the wettability of the boiling surface is changed by utilizing the good hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics of the added space structure, the nucleation and separation of bubbles are effectively controlled, the boiling process is skillfully controlled from a scientific angle, and the boiling heat transfer is enhanced. (3) The invention provides a new generation of active control enhanced boiling heat exchange technology, and promotes technical innovation in the field of enhanced boiling heat exchange.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a partial schematic view in a plate heat exchanger.
Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view in a tube heat exchanger.
The reference numbers in the figures: 1-a heat exchange substrate; 2- "degassing membrane", 3-bubble; 4-bubble nucleus
FIG. 3 shows the wettability control of bubbles at different stages to enhance heat transfer.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for realizing time scale reinforced phase change boiling heat exchange through a space architecture; the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a boiling heat exchange space structure (plate heat exchanger) is a microstructure heat exchange surface coated with a hydrophobic coating on a heat exchange substrate 1; the heat exchange plate is made of metal or nonmetal with good heat conductivity. A degassing film 2 with surface wettability is arranged on the top of the heat exchange surface of the microstructure; the heat exchange working medium forms bubbles 3 on the heat exchange surface of the microstructure; the hydrophobicity of the heat exchange surface is utilized to promote the nucleation of bubbles and increase the density of bubble nuclei 4; the air affinity of the degassing membrane 2 is utilized to promote the separation of bubbles; thereby realizing active and high-efficiency enhanced boiling heat exchange. The plate heat exchanger is composed of a heat exchange surface 1 and a degassing membrane 2, and the distance between the heat exchange surface and the degassing membrane is controlled within a certain range to control the bubble nucleation and separation process.
The micro-structure heat exchange surface considers the limitation of the equivalent size and the spacing of the micro-structure on the nucleation density and the climbing and convergence of bubbles; meanwhile, the top end of the microstructure is designed into a porous foam plate or a wire mesh structure, and a degassing film is formed on the boiling heat exchange surface.
The heat exchange working medium is water, FC-72, HFE-7100 or azeotropic immiscible liquid formed by the working media, so that the heat exchange surface and the generated degassing membrane are surfaces with surface wettability, the bubble nucleation density is increased, and the bubble nucleation is promoted.
The time infiltration requirement of the enhanced boiling is realized by setting a boiling heat exchange surface with fixed infiltration and coupling regulation and control of a degassing film of a spatial framework, and the wettability of the boiling surface is controllable by utilizing the hydrophobicity and the hydrophily existing in a spatial structure at the same time, so that the nucleation and the separation of bubbles are promoted; the whole process is strengthened from the basic physics of the boiling phase transition process, so that the boiling heat exchange is strengthened fundamentally; as shown in the structure of fig. 1, independent porous structures are utilized to couple hydrophobic boiling heat exchange wall surfaces for cooperation, so that the whole area of the hydrophobic surface can promote nucleation and bubble growth, once bubbles grow, the independent porous structures are utilized to directly intervene to promote all grown bubbles to be separated, and in the bubble nucleation stage, hydrophobic nucleation points are arranged on the boiling surface, which is beneficial to nucleation and combination of bubbles; in the vigorous bubble separation stage, the air affinity of the degassing membrane of the space frame can well promote the separation of bubbles so as to increase the separation frequency of the bubbles and strengthen the phase change heat exchange of the boiling surface; thereby each driver can realize the comprehensive and whole-course strengthening of the bubble boiling dynamic process; meanwhile, the transition from the actual nucleate boiling to the film boiling and the mixed boiling of the heat exchanger can be avoided, the actual heat exchanger can be always maintained in the nucleate boiling mode, and the heat exchange performance of the actual heat exchanger is obviously improved.
Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of the implementation of the process in a tube heat exchanger. A porous degassing film 2 is added on a boiling heat exchange tube surface of the tubular heat exchanger, namely a heat exchange substrate 1, and the distance between the heat exchange surface and the degassing film is controlled within a certain range to control bubbles 3 to become bubble cores 4 and the bubble detachment process.
In conclusion, the invention utilizes a novel space architecture model and skillfully realizes the expansion of space regulation to time regulation in the boiling phase change heat transfer process through an external independent part; in the bubble nucleation stage, the boiling surface has hydrophobic nucleation points, which is beneficial to the nucleation of bubbles; in the vigorous stage, the external space degassing membrane structure instantly sucks away bubbles when the bubbles grow to a fixed size, thereby promoting the separation of the bubbles; meanwhile, the coupling wall surface microstructure increases the nucleation density of the boiling surface, and realizes the global enhancement of boiling. The microstructure modified surface mainly includes a regular microstructure surface obtained by precision machining and a film surface with a complex microstructure prepared on the surface by deposition, spraying, sintering and the like, as shown in fig. 1. According to a Wenzel equation, the curvature of a gas-liquid interface is deformed due to the rugged microstructure surface, so that the contact angle of the wall surface is changed; the wettability can be regulated and controlled simultaneously by utilizing different arrangements and arrangements of the microstructures; therefore, the boiling heat exchange is enhanced by utilizing the microstructure surface modification method, the heat exchange area can be greatly increased, the vaporization core density is improved, and meanwhile, the boiling kinetic process can be regulated and controlled by changing the surface wettability through the arrangement of the microstructures, so that the method is a hot door enhancement idea starting from a basic heat transfer theory.
Examples
Selecting a tube bundle of a tubular heat exchanger as a heat exchange surface (as shown in the figure), wherein the specification of the tube bundle of the heat exchanger is phi 25 multiplied by 2mm, the inner diameter of each tube is 21mm, the distance between the outer walls of adjacent tubes is 4mm, and the surface of the heat exchanger with the minimum extension length of 0.5-1.0 mm after a tube head is cut is coated with a hydrophobic coating or designed with a microstructure appearance; the external space frame is a degassing membrane, and the position of the degassing membrane is 3-4 mm away from the outer diameter of the tube bundle, namely the heat exchange surface, and the degassing membrane is fixed in a circle. In the bubble nucleation stage, bubbles are easy to nucleate on the heat exchange surface with the super-hydrophobic property and continue to grow and merge to show the trend of film formation, but due to the reasonable arrangement of a degassing film, the bubbles which are rapidly nucleated are not merged, and when the bubbles grow to a certain size, the bubbles are rapidly absorbed by the degassing film, so that the bubbles are rapidly separated, the boiling surface is rapidly re-nucleated, the separation frequency is increased, the nucleation point density is greatly increased, the bubbles are forcibly separated under the condition of simply arranging an external space structure, the boiling heat exchange efficiency is greatly increased, and the purpose of enhancing the boiling heat exchange is achieved. Boiling phase change heat transfer is used as an efficient heat transfer means, not only widely exists in basic industries such as thermal power, steel, building materials and the like, but also is an important heat exchange mode in the technical fields of low-grade energy recycling systems, energy storage and high-density electronic cooling in recent years. The heat exchanger volume can be greatly reduced by enhancing the boiling phase change heat exchange and improving the surface boiling heat exchange coefficient, and the compact and portable development of equipment is promoted; meanwhile, the high-efficiency heat exchange is also the key for promoting energy conservation and emission reduction and realizing carbon reduction from the basic technical level.
Claims (2)
1. A method for realizing time scale strengthening phase change boiling heat exchange through a space architecture; the boiling heat exchange space is constructed by a microstructure heat exchange surface coated with a hydrophobic coating on a heat exchange substrate (1); arranging a degassing film (2) with surface wettability on the top of the heat exchange surface of the microstructure; the method is characterized in that a heat exchange working medium forms bubbles (3) on a heat exchange surface of the microstructure, and the hydrophobicity of the heat exchange surface is utilized to promote the nucleation of the bubbles and increase the density of bubble nuclei (4); the air bubble detachment is promoted by utilizing the air affinity of the degassing membrane (2); thereby realizing active and high-efficiency enhanced boiling heat exchange;
the micro-structure heat exchange surface considers the limitation of the equivalent size and the spacing of the micro-structure on the nucleation density and the climbing and convergence of bubbles; meanwhile, the top end of the microstructure is designed into a porous foam plate or a wire mesh structure, and a degassing film is formed on the boiling heat exchange surface;
the heat exchange working medium is water, FC-72, HFE-7100 or azeotropic immiscible liquid consisting of the working media, so that the heat exchange surface and the generated degassing membrane are both surfaces with surface wettability, the bubble nucleation density is increased, and the bubble nucleation is promoted.
2. The method for realizing time scale enhanced phase change boiling heat exchange through a space architecture according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that the time infiltration requirement of enhanced boiling is realized by setting a boiling heat exchange surface with fixed infiltration and the coupling regulation and control of a degassing film of a space structure, and the controllability of the infiltration of the boiling surface is realized by utilizing the hydrophobicity and the hydrophilicity existing in a space structure at the same time, so that the nucleation and the separation of bubbles are promoted; the whole process is strengthened from the basic physics of the boiling phase change process, so that the boiling heat exchange is fundamentally strengthened; coupling the independent porous structure with the hydrophobic boiling heat exchange wall surfaces for matching, so that the whole area of the hydrophobic surface can promote nucleation and bubble growth, and directly interfering to promote all grown bubbles to be separated by using the independent porous structure once the bubbles grow up; in the vigorous bubble separation stage, the air affinity of the 'degassing membrane' of the space frame can well promote the separation of bubbles so as to increase the separation frequency of the bubbles and strengthen the phase change heat exchange of the boiling surface; thereby each driver can realize the comprehensive and whole-course strengthening of the bubble boiling dynamic process; meanwhile, the transition from the actual nucleate boiling to the film boiling and the mixed boiling of the heat exchanger can be avoided, the actual heat exchanger can be always maintained in the nucleate boiling mode, and the heat exchange performance of the actual heat exchanger is obviously improved.
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| CN201535593U (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2010-07-28 | 彭奇凡 | Solution priming device for lithium bromide absorptive-type refrigerator |
| CN104201160A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-10 | 东南大学 | Enhanced boiling heat exchange structure with porous foam metal |
| CN109974513A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-05 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of minute yardstick collaboration surface texture of enhanced boiling heat transfer |
| CN209279775U (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-08-20 | 广东石油化工学院 | A kind of hydrophobic anti-tartar coating structure for heat exchange surface |
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- 2021-11-24 CN CN202111403994.8A patent/CN114111428B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201535593U (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2010-07-28 | 彭奇凡 | Solution priming device for lithium bromide absorptive-type refrigerator |
| CN104201160A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-10 | 东南大学 | Enhanced boiling heat exchange structure with porous foam metal |
| CN209279775U (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-08-20 | 广东石油化工学院 | A kind of hydrophobic anti-tartar coating structure for heat exchange surface |
| CN109974513A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-05 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of minute yardstick collaboration surface texture of enhanced boiling heat transfer |
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