Control waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal produce method and the system thereof with diffusion
The present invention relates to waste incineration pollution control technology field, relate in particular to the comprehensive control method and the system thereof of waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal.
Domestic waste is the product of following of mankind's activity.Along with the raising of urban population increase and urban life level, domestic waste output is growing.The domestic waste severe contamination human habitat of Zeng Jiaing day by day." three change " that how to realize that domestic waste is innoxious, subtract appearanceization and resource handles and become the focus that the whole world is paid close attention to.In common waste disposal method, waste incineration since disposal of refuse innoxious thoroughly, but subtract advantage such as the deep and recovery energy of appearanceization and become the main flow of current urban garbage disposal.But, waste incineration is easy to generate secondary pollution, particularly dioxin of Chan Shenging and heavy metal class extremely toxic substance can cause very big harm to environment, and generation how effectively to control waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal class material has become present research focus with diffusion.Can solution waste incineration dioxin contamination problem be directly connected to garbage incineration technology and be further applied.Present situation is, Chinese scholars has been carried out big quantity research to the relevant issues of refuse incineration from generating dioxins and heavy metal, comprise dioxin and heavy beneficial source, the formation mechanism of dioxin and some possible control measure etc. that belong in the waste incineration process, and obtained a large amount of achievements in research.These achievements mainly comprise: the dioxin that waste incineration produces is made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine element, and the harmful element that wherein forms dioxin is a chlorine; The waste incineration dioxin has three kinds of sources, promptly from firing preceding crude waste, from bad combustion process, produce the dioxin presoma, from the follow-up flue gas cooling procedure of burning by presoma and flying dust with become with the chlorine catalytic stage by carbon, its main catalyst is metals such as iron, copper, magnesium, and the speed maximum of the synthetic dioxin of follow-up catalysis; The oxide that element such as sulphur, nitrogen forms in combustion process in the coal helps suppressing dioxin and generates.Main reference document: Tuppurainen, K., Halonen, I., Ruokojarvl, P., Tarhanen, J.And Ruuskanen, J.Chemosphere, Vol.36, No.7, pp.1493-1511,1998.Heavily look forward to the owner and will derive from battery in the crude waste, the heavy metal in the battery forms tiny metal oxide and metal simple-substance in combustion process, and these tiny metal substances are blamed in removing with conventional wet method, but they are adsorbed by porous media easily.Though obtained bigger achievement about waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal generate with control mechanism research, these achievements in research are applied to have also had big distance in actual waste incineration dioxin and the heavy metal control technology.Along with promoting day by day and the reinforcement of people's environmental protection consciousness of garbage incineration technology, develop the control technology of waste incineration secondary pollution efficient control technology, especially dioxin and heavy metal, seem particularly urgent and important.
In the prior art, domestic also do not have special waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal to control patented technology, external relevant waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal control patented technology, mostly only emphasize dioxin and heavy metal behind the stove of refuse burning system are generated dioxin and heavy metal purification by diffusion in control and the tail flue gas, do not consider to prevent that waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal from generating comprehensively.Behind stove temperature is proposed greater than 400 as U.S. Pat 5968467 " generate after spraying the stove that adsorbent and coverture suppress dioxin in the flue gas of C.This patented technology can reduce the generation of dioxin behind the stove to a certain extent, but its adsorbent and coverture cost of manufacture are bigger, and behind stove in the course of injection to the metal pipe material serious wear, the more important thing is that this patented technology controls that dioxin generates and diffusion comprehensively; And for example U.S. Pat 5607654 adopts the diffusion that the multistage purification method is controlled dioxin is set behind incinerator, this technology at first adopts spray drying process, utilize acidic materials and a small amount of dioxin in the magnetic fine grained absorption tail gas, utilize then bag-type dust or electric cleaner realize gas solid separation, the gas after the dedusting enter-the wet gas cleaning device further controls the diffusion of dioxin and heavy metal.Though this technology can effectively be controlled the diffusion of dioxin and heavy metal, whole system is very complicated, and investment and operating cost are very big.
In order to solve above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method and system thereof that can comprehensively control waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal generation and diffusion.This method technology is simple, and effect is remarkable.The system that realizes this method is reasonable in design, and is simple in structure, and manufacturing and operating cost are low.
In order to reach above-mentioned goal of the invention, technical scheme of the present invention realizes as follows:
Control waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal produce the method with diffusion, the steps include: 1. to go in the preprocessing process of stokehold at rubbish, utilize and manually tie platform mutually with machinery, remove chlorine-containing components, metal and battery in the crude waste, reduce material base and the catalytic base that causes dioxin and heavy metal to produce the waste incineration from the source; 2. pretreated rubbish enters the formula recirculating fluidized bed of organizing a performance and burns, in the waste incineration process, add additive and rubbish mixed combustion, utilize the component in the additive to realize steady combustion in the stove, solid chlorine and suppress stove afterchlorinate hydroxide, thus suppress in the stove with stove after the generation of dioxin; 3. adopt the formula circulating fluid bed garbage furnace of organizing a performance in the waste incineration process, make rubbish in secondary bed, carry out the low temperature pyrogenation gasification earlier, pyrolysis gas enters main height of bed temperature burning then, realize that in the low temperature pyrogenation process chlorine is transformed to solid state platform thing by gaseous state platform thing in the rubbish, effectively suppress to generate in the stove of dioxin in the combustion process and stove after synthesize again; 4. secondary bed refuse pyrolysis gas enters main bed, forms the strong disturbance swirling flow in main bed, prolongs the time of staying of combustible in stove, guarantees the thorough decomposition of dioxin and predecessor thereof, control dioxin presoma catalysis generation dioxin in the temperature-fall period behind stove; 5. garbage incinerating tail gas adopts the porous media that is rich in high surface to make the adsorbent of dioxin and heavy metal, absorbs issuable a small amount of dioxin and heavy metal class material in the tail gas; 6. be adsorbed with the adsorbent of a small amount of dioxin and heavy metal, collect, control dioxin and the heavily afterbody diffusion of enterprise's genus by efficient gas-solid separator.
According to technique scheme, the chlorine-containing components that preliminary treatment that its step is gone back is removed is the duroplasts based on polyvinyl chloride; Described metal comprises iron, copper, nickel, aluminium, lead, mercury; Conventional fuel in the described additive comprises coal, oil, natural gas and comprises the alkaline-earth metal of oxide, carbonate; The temperature of described refuse pyrolysis gasification is less than 750 ℃, and refuse pyrolysis burning of gas temperature is greater than 850 ℃; The described time of staying of refuse pyrolysis gas in stove is greater than 3 seconds.The described adsorbent that is used for garbage incinerating tail gas dioxin and heavy metal purification comprises burned-coal fly ash, lime-ash, coke, active carbon.
Realize that control waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal produce and the system of method of diffusion, it comprises the rubbish storehouse of depositing crude waste, the stokehold rubbish pretreatment unit of removing chlorine-containing components, metal and battery, prevent the garbage combustion device of generation in the dioxin stove, control the garbage incinerating tail gas purifier of dioxin and heavy metal diffusion and draw phoenix machine and chimney.Its design feature is: be provided with grab bucket in the described rubbish storehouse and rubbish can be sent and put the rubbish pretreatment unit, the rubbish pretreatment unit is connected the rubbish that makes after the processing and advances burning in garbage combustion device with garbage combustion device.Garbage combustion device is connected with the garbage incinerating tail gas purifier makes breathing one's last to deliver in the garbage incinerating tail gas purifier and purify after the burning, purified gas by air-introduced machine through smoke stack emission.
According to above-mentioned technical scheme, described stokehold rubbish pretreatment unit comprises feed hopper, ribbon conveyer one, rotary screen, receiving hopper, ribbon conveyer two, ribbon conveyer three, pulverizer, tramp iron separator, receiving hopper and feeder.Feed hopper places the top of ribbon conveyer one, rotary screen tilts to be placed between the top of the end of ribbon conveyer one and ribbon conveyer two, the rotary screen bottom is over against the material receiving port of receiving hopper, the discharging opening of receiving hopper is over against the top of ribbon conveyer three, the top of ribbon conveyer three is provided with tramp iron separator, pulverizer places ribbon conveyer two terminal belows, and the stokehold hopper places ribbon conveyer three terminal belows, and feeder is connected with the stokehold feed hopper bottom.
According to above-mentioned technical scheme, described garbage combustion device comprises incinerator, cyclone separator, material returning device and the multi-stage heat exchanger of being made up of secondary bed of stove and stove master bed.The secondary bed of stove joins with feeder outlet and material returning device outlet respectively, and the interlayer that is provided with top band opening between secondary bed of stove and the stove master bed is connected the secondary bed of stove with stove master bed.The secondary bed of stove respectively is provided with air distribution plate and slag-drip opening with the bottom of stove master bed.Stove master bed top is provided with flue, and flue and multi-stage heat exchanger, cyclone separator join, and the cyclone separator other end and material returning device import are joined, and the multi-stage heat exchanger outlet is joined with exhaust gas cleaner.
According to above-mentioned technical scheme, described garbage incinerating tail gas purifier comprises to remove fluid bed clarifier, gas-solid separator, surge bunker and the mixing granulation device that agent and adsorbent are the bed material.The arrival end of sulfuration bed clarifier is provided with de Laval noz(zle) and the bed section population that tail gas is quickened.The de Laval noz(zle) other end and garbage incinerating tail gas inlet join.The outlet of bed material population and mixing granulation device is joined, and the mixing granulation device is equipped with the admission port, active carbon joins for section's mouth and pulverized limestone to section's mouth and with batcher.The batcher other end and surge bunker join, and surge bunker top and side top are equipped with gas-solid separator and discharge machine.Gas-solid separator top and side top are equipped with clean gas outlet and horizontal connection tube, and the port of export of the horizontal connection tube other end and fluid bed clarifier joins.
The present invention is owing to considered from stokehold, stove and the generation and the diffusion of three links control dioxin and heavy metal behind the stove.In stokehold removal igelite and stove, add the calcium dechlorination, generate from source control dioxin.Remaining dioxin that produces and heavy metal are adsorbed by porous media in the exhaust gas cleaner behind stove again, and dioxin after being adsorbed and heavy metal are easy to be captured by conventional cleaner, so can reach thorough purification effects.Compare with prior art, method of the present invention and system thereof not only apparatus and process are simple, effect significantly and also simple operation, maintenance of equipment convenient.Particularly device fabrication and operating cost are low, are very suitable for the incineration treatment of garbage of China and developing country.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is technological process of the present invention and device schematic layout pattern thereof;
Fig. 2 is stokehold rubbish pretreatment unit schematic layout pattern among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is garbage combustion device schematic layout pattern among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is garbage incinerating tail gas purifier schematic layout pattern among the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, crude waste transports in the rubbish storehouse 1 through cram packer, rubbish in the rubbish storehouse 12 is delivered to rubbish pretreatment unit 3 by grabbing bucket, rubbish is after treatment delivered to garbage combustion device 4 and is burnt, gas fume after burning is delivered to smoke eliminator 5 and is purified, and purified gas is discharged into chimney 7 by air-introduced machine 6 and is discharged in the atmosphere.
Referring to Fig. 2, the method of operation of rubbish pretreatment unit 3 is, crude waste is through after evenly giving section's device 8 removal bulk materials, send into rotary screen 10 going into to select materials by ribbon conveyer one 9 even feedings, rotary screen 10 top coarse fodder buckets are delivered in and enter pulverizer 12 after ribbon conveyer 2 11 enterprising pedestrian's work points are chosen.Material after pulverizer 12 is pulverized drops on the ribbon conveyer 3 14.The material of rotary screen 10 bottoms by receiving hopper 13 also drop on the ribbon conveyer 3 14 with fragmentation after mixing of materials.Mix back rubbish and after tramp iron separator 15 is removed ferromagnetic material, enter ladle addition bucket 16, send rubbish to go into stove by feeder 17 again and burn.
Referring to Fig. 3, the method for operation of garbage combustion device 4 is, acting as a fuel with coal earlier is heated to predetermined temperature with incinerator, stable after with the rubbish in the stokehold hopper 16 through the secondary bed 18 of auxiliary material device 17 input stoves.Rubbish is at stove secondary bed 18 inner dryings and pyrolytic gasification.Residue behind the pyrolytic gasification is discharged through slag-drip opening 25.The fuel gas that pyrolysis produces is crossed over interlayer 20 by the secondary bed of stove 18 upper lateral part openings and is entered stove master bed 21.In protecting main bed 21 and from the air temperature combination burning of air distribution plate 19, make the abundant after-flame of fuel gas.Flue gas enters flue 22 by stove master bed 21 burner hearths, enters cyclone separator 23 after the combustion.The bed material that is separated by cyclone separator 23 is transmitted back to the secondary bed 18 of stove through returning section's device 24, as refuse pyrolysis gasification thermal source, and has finished the circulation of bed material, and flue gas field cyclone separator 23 is discharged, and enters exhaust gas cleaner 5 after multi-stage heat exchanger 26 coolings.
Referring to Fig. 4, the method for operation of smoke eliminator 5 is, sprays into after at first the flue gas that garbage combustion device 4 is discharged is quickened by de Laval noz(zle) 28 through garbage incinerating tail gas inlet 27 with the calcium base and removes agent and adsorbent is the circulating fluid-bed clarifier 29 of bed material.Drive bed and expect to vulcanize together and remove reaction.Solid particle after reaction and the absorption enters gas-solid separator 32, the surge bunker 34 below the solid particle behind gas-solid separator 32 enters into air-flow through horizontal connection tube 30.Most of solid particle enters mixing granulation device 36 by batcher 35 in the surge bunker 34.All the other materials that do not circulate are discharged by discharge machine 33.Enter in the mixing granulation device 36 recycle stock with from the pulverized limestone of lime material inlet 40, the water of the active carbon of active carbon material inlet 39 and admission port 38 fully mixes platform and makes and draw.Mixed material after the granulation is as the bed section of recirculating fluidized bed clarifier 29, and enters in the fluid bed clarifier 29 via bed section inlet 37 by mixing granulation device 36 and to recycle.Clean flue gas after the purification is discharged by clean gas outlet 31 and is entered chimney 7 qualified discharges through drawing phoenix machine 6.