CN111076180B - High-low temperature variable gas speed waste incineration system and method thereof - Google Patents
High-low temperature variable gas speed waste incineration system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 341
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
一种高低温变气速废弃物焚烧系统及其方法，涉及一种废弃物焚烧系统及其方法，系统依次连接的主燃室、低温低气速二燃室、高温高气速三燃室、余热利用装置、急冷装置和净化除尘装置，废弃物及系统一次风从主燃室加料口和进风口进入，不可燃、未燃尽以及燃烧后的灰渣与烟气一同进入二燃室；液体废弃物被喷入以调节二燃室温度且进行燃烧，粗渣及未熔融的盐颗粒从排渣装置排出，其余烟气进入三燃室；二次风和天然气或油类等辅助燃料被喷入以保证未燃颗粒和有毒有害物质的充分燃烧分解，细渣由除尘装置排出，经净化处理后的废气通过引风机排入大气。本发明解决了有毒有害物质高效分解和盐的不熔融对温度需求的矛盾；及时将粗颗粒灰渣在二次燃烧时排出，减轻了后续系统的负担；废弃物大部分是在贫氧状态下燃烧，有利于抑制NOX的生成。
A high and low temperature variable gas velocity waste incineration system and a method thereof, relate to a waste incineration system and a method thereof. Waste heat utilization device, quenching device and purification and dust removal device, waste and system primary air enter from the main combustion chamber feeding port and air inlet, non-combustible, unburned and burned ash and slag enter the secondary combustion chamber together with the flue gas; liquid The waste is injected to adjust the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber and burn it, the coarse slag and unmelted salt particles are discharged from the slag discharge device, and the rest of the flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber; secondary air and auxiliary fuels such as natural gas or oil are injected In order to ensure the full combustion and decomposition of unburned particles and toxic and harmful substances, the fine slag is discharged from the dust removal device, and the purified waste gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the induced draft fan. The invention solves the contradiction between the high-efficiency decomposition of toxic and harmful substances and the non-melting of salt on the temperature requirement; the coarse-grained ash and slag are promptly discharged during the secondary combustion, which reduces the burden of the subsequent system; most of the waste is in the oxygen-depleted state. Combustion is beneficial to suppress the formation of NOX.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a waste incineration system and a method thereof, in particular to a high-low temperature variable gas speed waste incineration system and a method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the chemical industry in China is developed vigorously, and great economic benefits are brought to the society and environmental problems are brought at the same time. In many chemical industrial processes, large quantities of solid, semi-solid or pasty and liquid waste are produced, some of which, due to their physical, chemical or biological properties, are potentially or practically harmful to humans or other living beings. Particularly, the harmfulness of the high-salt chemical hazardous waste generated in the industries such as medicine or pesticide is more obvious. Therefore, to reduce the impact of these hazardous wastes on humans and the environment, they must be properly disposed of.
At present, high-salt-content wastewater and other solid wastes generated in industrial production are generally treated by an incineration method. However, there are problems in the combustion process as follows. Firstly, according to the requirements of the national standard 'hazardous waste incineration pollution control Standard' (GB 18484-2001), a secondary combustion chamber with the temperature of over 1100 ℃ and the residence time of over 2 seconds is required for hazardous waste incineration so as to eliminate a large amount of toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin and the like generated by low-temperature combustion. However, in the incineration process, the high incineration temperature can cause salt melting (the melting point of the salt is about 800 ℃), the molten salt can permeate into the refractory material of the incinerator, severe corrosion is caused to the refractory material, the refractory material is peeled and damaged layer by layer, and the service life of the refractory material is greatly shortened; in addition, the molten salt and other substances generate insoluble substances under high-temperature incineration, so that equipment and a system can be blocked, and the safe and normal operation of the equipment is greatly influenced. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a solution to the contradiction between the high decomposition efficiency of toxic and harmful substances and the temperature requirement due to the non-melting of salts.
Chinese patent ZL201310173363.0 provides a contain salt waste water incineration processing system and processing method, and its technical scheme adopts the radiation radiator to carry out the heat transfer for changing the method that uses a large amount of water quench in the past, effectively reduces the flue gas temperature to provide high temperature flue gas through the coal-fired machine, overcome and use the high problem of natural gas combustion cost. In addition, circulating flue gas pipelines are arranged at multiple positions in the whole system, so that the flue gas is effectively controlled to be at a proper temperature while the heat energy is recovered, for example: preventing the salt in the salt-containing wastewater from becoming molten; the temperature of the dust entering the multi-tube dust remover and the Taimian high-temperature dust remover is controlled to be 600-650 ℃, and the dust removal efficiency is effectively improved. Although the technology adopts the flue gas as the combustion medium of the salt-containing waste and can control the temperature within 800 ℃, the method is complex in system and has no treatment measures for toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin, and the method cannot be practically applied under increasingly strict environmental protection policies.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a hazardous waste incineration treatment system and method which take into account the problems of efficient decomposition of hazardous substances and salt melting, so as to avoid equipment corrosion, reduce the treatment cost of hazardous waste, realize energy recycling, save energy utilization efficiency and improve environmental protection level.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-low temperature variable gas speed waste incineration system and a method thereof, and provides a hazardous waste incineration treatment system and a method which are provided by considering the problems of efficient decomposition of harmful substances and salt melting, so that the problem of loss of system equipment caused by salt melting is solved under the condition of meeting the environmental protection standard. Thereby avoiding causing equipment corrosion, reducing the treatment cost of hazardous waste, realizing the recycling of energy, saving the energy utilization efficiency and improving the environmental protection level.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-low temperature variable gas velocity waste incineration system comprises a main combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a tertiary combustion chamber, a waste heat utilization device, a quenching device and a purification and dust removal device which are sequentially connected; the main combustion chamber of the system is provided with a feed inlet and an air inlet, and ash slag and smoke which are incombustible, unburned and combusted are communicated with the secondary combustion chamber; an inlet of a secondary combustion chamber for low-temperature, low-speed and oxygen-deficient combustion is connected with an outlet of a main combustion chamber, an outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with an inlet of a tertiary combustion chamber, liquid (salt-containing) waste is sprayed to adjust the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber and is combusted, coarse slag and unmelted salt particles are discharged from a slag discharge device, and the rest of flue gas enters the tertiary combustion chamber; the outlets of the three combustion chambers of high-temperature, high-speed and oxygen-enriched combustion are connected with the inlet of the waste heat utilization device; the outlet of the waste heat utilization device is connected with the inlet of the quenching device; the outlet of the quenching device is connected with a flue gas purification and dust removal device, and the purified waste gas is communicated with a draught fan;
the main combustion chamber device can be a rotary kiln with strong material adaptability or other combustion furnace types aiming at special materials, such as a circulating fluidized bed boiler, a mechanical chain grate stoker, a pulse throwing type grate incinerator and a CAO incinerator;
the second combustion chamber and the third combustion chamber are integrated combustion chambers, including but not limited to a subarea second combustion chamber, or two combustion devices which exist independently, such as a cyclone cylinder, a fluidized bed, a gas combustion furnace or a liquid combustion furnace;
the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with the outlet of the main combustion chamber, and the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a slag discharging device; the air inlet direction of the secondary combustion chamber is but not limited to the tangential direction of the secondary combustion chamber, a guide plate is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber, and the structure of the secondary combustion chamber is but not limited to the type of an inertial separator and a cyclone separator.
The high-low temperature variable gas speed waste incineration system comprises a waste heat utilization device, a waste heat boiler and a waste heat recovery system, wherein the waste heat utilization device is used for example, but not limited to; the purifying and dedusting device can be used for purifying and dedusting the ammonia gas, and can be used for purifying and dedusting the ammonia gas.
The high-low temperature variable gas velocity waste incineration system is characterized in that a partitioned secondary combustion chamber of the system is provided with a low-temperature low-gas velocity oxygen-deficient combustion area at the lower part and a high-temperature high-gas velocity oxygen-enriched combustion area at the upper part.
The high-low temperature variable gas velocity waste incineration system is characterized in that the partitioned secondary combustion chamber has a structure with narrow top and wide bottom, and the ratio of the cross sectional areas of the upper combustion zone and the lower combustion zone is determined according to the required gas velocity of each section, such as but not limited to, less than 0.6; the zoned secondary combustion chamber device can be other evolution type structures or split type devices with the same functions and principles.
A high-low temperature variable gas velocity waste incineration method comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out pretreatment, primary combustion, secondary combustion, tertiary combustion, waste heat utilization, quenching and cooling, purification and dust removal treatment on waste; the pretreatment comprises classification, crushing and compatibility of wastes; the primary combustion is to select a proper combustion mode and a proper device to carry out primary combustion according to the characteristics of waste materials, most of the waste is combusted and decomposed, and incombustible or unburnt ash residues are subjected to secondary combustion; the secondary combustion is low temperature, low gas velocity and oxygen-deficient, the ash after the primary combustion and the newly added liquid waste are subjected to secondary combustion together, and most of unfused salt particles and non-combustible solid particles are discharged; the third combustion is high temperature, high gas velocity and rich oxygen, and the secondary combustion generates dioxin, CO and other toxic and harmful gases and unburned fine particles to be fully combusted and decomposed; the waste heat utilization is to recycle the heat in the high-temperature flue gas after the three-time combustion; the rapid cooling is to rapidly cool the flue gas after the waste heat utilization, and skip the temperature range in which toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin and the like are easy to regenerate; the purification and dust removal are carried out in and after the ultra-cold temperature reduction, and include but are not limited to desulfurization, denitration, noble metal and toxic and harmful substance adsorption and dust removal;
the system comprises the following technical processes:
the waste and system primary air enters from a charging opening and an air inlet of the main combustion chamber, and incombustible, unburned and burned ash and smoke enter the secondary combustion chamber together; the secondary combustion chamber is low-temperature, low-speed and oxygen-deficient combustion, an inlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with an outlet of the main combustion chamber, an outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with an inlet of the third combustion chamber, a slag discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber, liquid waste is sprayed in to adjust the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber and is combusted, coarse slag and unmelted salt particles are discharged from the slag discharging device, and the rest flue gas enters the third combustion chamber; the three combustion chambers are high-temperature, high-speed and oxygen-enriched combustion, secondary air, natural gas or oil and other auxiliary fuels are sprayed to ensure that unburned particles and toxic and harmful substances are fully combusted and decomposed, and the outlets of the three combustion chambers are connected with the inlet of the waste heat utilization device; the outlet of the waste heat utilization device is connected with the inlet of the quenching device; the outlet of the quenching device is connected with a flue gas purification and dust removal device, fine slag is discharged from the dust removal device, and the purified waste gas is discharged into the atmosphere through a draught fan.
The high-low temperature variable gas speed waste incineration system has the advantages that the secondary combustion is low in temperature and low in speed; the low speed refers to the gas velocity lower than the free settling velocity of ash particles, such as but not limited to 1.5m/s, and solid particles with the free settling velocity higher than the value can settle at the bottom of the combustion chamber and are discharged by a bottom deslagging device; the low temperature means that the secondary combustion temperature is lower than the tertiary combustion temperature, and the temperature is controlled below the melting temperature of salts, such as but not limited to 600-800 ℃, by spraying normal-temperature liquid wastes during secondary combustion.
The high-low temperature variable gas speed waste incineration system has the characteristics of high temperature, high gas speed and oxygen enrichment during the tertiary combustion; the high gas velocity means that the velocity of the tertiary combustion gas is higher than that of the secondary combustion gas, such as but not limited to 2.5m/s, and all combustion products enter the waste heat utilization device along with the flue gas; the unburnt combustible materials continue to be combusted for three times due to the low secondary combustion temperature; and during the third combustion, the supplementary of auxiliary fuel and secondary air such as natural gas or fuel oil are sprayed to carry out high-temperature oxygen-enriched combustion; the combustion zone temperature is, for example, but not limited to, 1100 to 1200 ℃.
According to the high-low temperature variable gas speed waste incineration system, the waste raw materials and the burnt ash residues are reasonably input and discharged in points according to the combustion characteristics, and the waste raw materials are not only used as combustion raw materials during primary combustion and secondary combustion, but also used as a means for adjusting the temperature during secondary combustion; the ash and slag after combustion are discharged in a large amount at the early stage of secondary combustion according to the change of the gas velocity, wherein the free settling velocity of the ash and slag particles is higher than a set value.
The high-low temperature variable gas speed waste incineration system has the advantages that the primary combustion and secondary combustion operation temperature is relatively low and is in an oxygen-deficient state, and the generation of NOX is inhibited, such as but not limited to, the primary combustion temperature is less than 850 ℃, and the secondary combustion temperature is less than 800 ℃; preferably, the tertiary combustion is high-temperature oxygen-enriched combustion, such as but not limited to, the combustion temperature is up to 1200 ℃, and the combustion supporting is supplemented by secondary air, and the oxygen concentration is 2-10%, preferably 2-8%, more preferably 2-5%.
In the high-low temperature variable gas speed waste incineration system, the lower combustion chamber of the partition secondary combustion chamber has the characteristics of low temperature and low speed; the low speed refers to the gas velocity lower than the free settling velocity of ash particles, such as but not limited to 1.5m/s, and solid particles with the free settling velocity higher than the value can settle at the bottom of the combustion chamber and are discharged by a bottom deslagging device; the upper combustion chamber gas velocity is higher than the lower combustion chamber gas velocity, such as but not limited to 2.5 m/s; the low temperature means that the temperature of a lower combustion zone of the subarea secondary combustion chamber is lower than that of an upper combustion zone, and the temperature of the lower combustion chamber is controlled below the melting temperature of salts by spraying normal-temperature liquid wastes into the lower combustion chamber, such as but not limited to 600-800 ℃; the temperature of a combustion zone at the lower part of the subarea secondary combustion chamber is low, and unburnt combustible materials enter the upper part of the subarea secondary combustion chamber along with flue gas to be continuously combusted; the upper combustion area is subjected to high-temperature combustion by spraying auxiliary fuel such as natural gas or fuel oil and supplementing secondary air, and the temperature of the combustion area is 1100-1200 ℃; the temperature of the upper part of the subarea secondary combustion chamber is set according to the burnout requirement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the contradiction of high-efficiency decomposition of toxic and harmful substances and non-melting of salt to temperature requirement is solved;
secondly, the coarse particle ash is discharged in time during secondary combustion, so that the burden of a subsequent system is reduced;
thirdly, most of the waste is burnt in the oxygen-deficient state, which is beneficial to inhibiting the generation of NOX.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a waste incineration system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a zoned secondary combustion chamber according to one embodiment of the present invention;
figure 3 shows a waste incineration disposal process diagram according to the invention.
Reference numerals: 1-inlet (connected to rotary kiln); 2-low temperature low gas velocity combustion zone; 3-high temperature high gas velocity combustion zone; 4-liquid waste injection pipe; 5-secondary air inlet; 6-auxiliary fuel injection ports; 7-slag discharge device; 8-outlet (connected with waste heat boiler).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples.
The invention sequentially carries out pretreatment, primary combustion, secondary combustion, tertiary combustion, waste heat utilization, quenching and cooling, purification and dust removal and other treatments on the waste. The pretreatment comprises classification, crushing, compatibility and the like of wastes. The primary combustion is to select a proper combustion mode and device to carry out primary combustion according to the characteristics of waste materials, most of the waste materials are combusted and decomposed, and incombustible or unburnt ash residues are subjected to secondary combustion. The secondary combustion is low temperature, low gas velocity and oxygen-poor, and the ash after the primary combustion and the newly added liquid (salt-containing) waste are subjected to secondary combustion together, wherein most of non-molten salt particles and non-combustible solid particles are discharged. And the third combustion is high temperature, high gas velocity and rich oxygen, and the secondary combustion generates dioxin, CO and other toxic and harmful gases and unburned fine particles to be fully combusted and decomposed. The waste heat utilization is to recycle the heat in the high-temperature flue gas after the three-time combustion. The rapid cooling is to rapidly cool the flue gas after the waste heat utilization, and skip the temperature range in which toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin and the like are easy to regenerate. The purification and dust removal are carried out in and after the ultra-cold temperature reduction, and include but are not limited to desulfurization, denitration, noble metal and toxic and harmful substance adsorption, dust removal and the like.
The post combustion has the characteristics of low temperature and low speed. Low velocity means that the gas velocity is lower than the free settling velocity of ash particles, such as but not limited to 1.5m/s, and solid particles with the free settling velocity higher than the value can settle at the bottom of the combustion chamber and are discharged from a bottom deslagging device; the low temperature means that the secondary combustion temperature is lower than the tertiary combustion temperature, and the temperature is controlled below the melting temperature of salts by spraying liquid (salt-containing) wastes at normal temperature during secondary combustion, such as but not limited to 600-800 ℃. As a result, the liquid waste containing salts can be effectively combusted in the secondary combustion, but the salt particles are discharged by sedimentation, so that the melting, bonding and corrosion caused by the high-temperature tertiary combustion are avoided.
The tertiary combustion has the characteristics of high temperature, high gas velocity and oxygen enrichment. By high gas velocity is meant that the tertiary combustion gas velocity is higher than the secondary combustion gas velocity, for example but not limited to 2.5m/s, and all combustion products enter the waste heat utilization device along with the flue gas. Due to the low post-combustion temperature, the unburnt combustible continues to be combusted for three times. In order to improve the combustion efficiency, auxiliary fuel such as natural gas or fuel oil and secondary air are sprayed during tertiary combustion to perform high-temperature oxygen-enriched combustion, the temperature of the combustion area is, for example but not limited to 1100-1200 ℃, and toxic and harmful components such as dioxin, CO and the like can be sufficiently combusted and decomposed. Because salt particles are discharged during the secondary combustion, the tertiary combustion temperature can be set according to the burnout requirement, and the contradiction between high-temperature burnout and salt melting does not exist.
The waste incineration treatment method is characterized in that waste raw materials and burned ash residues are both reasonably input and discharged according to the combustion characteristics in different points, and the waste raw materials are not only used as combustion raw materials during primary combustion and secondary combustion, but also used as a means for adjusting the temperature during secondary combustion; the ash and slag particles with the free settling velocity higher than a set value are discharged in a large amount as soon as possible during secondary combustion according to the change of the gas velocity after combustion, and fine slag discharged by a purification and dust removal device at the rear end of the system has small granularity and meets the emission standard of particulate pollutants.
The primary and secondary combustion operating temperatures are relatively low and in an oxygen lean state, and can inhibit NOX formation, such as, but not limited to, primary combustion temperatures <850 ℃ and secondary combustion temperatures below 800 ℃. Preferably, the tertiary combustion is high-temperature oxygen-enriched combustion, such as but not limited to, the combustion temperature is up to 1200 ℃, and combustion supporting is supplemented by secondary air, and the oxygen concentration is 2-10%, preferably 2-8%, and more preferably 2-5%.
The system comprises a main combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a tertiary combustion chamber, a waste heat utilization device, a quenching device and a purifying and dedusting device which are connected in sequence.
The outlet of the main combustion chamber is connected with the secondary combustion chamber, the waste and the primary air of the system enter from the charging hole and the air inlet of the main combustion chamber, and the unburned waste and the burned ash and smoke enter the secondary combustion chamber together; the secondary combustion chamber is low-temperature, low-speed and oxygen-deficient combustion, an inlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with an outlet of the main combustion chamber, an outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with an inlet of the third combustion chamber, a slag discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber, liquid (salt-containing) waste is sprayed in to adjust the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber and is combusted, coarse slag and unmelted salt particles are discharged from the slag discharging device, and the rest flue gas enters the third combustion chamber; the three combustion chambers are high-temperature, high-speed and oxygen-enriched combustion, secondary air, natural gas or oil and other auxiliary fuels are sprayed to ensure that unburned particles and toxic and harmful substances are fully combusted and decomposed, and the outlets of the three combustion chambers are connected with the inlet of the waste heat utilization device; the outlet of the waste heat utilization device is connected with the inlet of the quenching device; the outlet of the quenching device is connected with a flue gas purification and dust removal device, fine slag is discharged from the dust removal device, and the purified waste gas is discharged into the atmosphere through a draught fan.
The main combustion chamber can be a rotary kiln with strong applicability, and can also be other combustion furnace types aiming at special materials, such as a circulating fluidized bed boiler, a mechanical chain grate stoker, a pulse throwing type grate incinerator, a CAO incinerator and the like.
The device can be an integrated combustion chamber with the characteristics described in the specification, including but not limited to a partitioned secondary combustion chamber described in detail below, and can also be two combustion devices which exist independently, such as a cyclone cylinder, a fluidized bed, a gas combustion furnace or a liquid combustion furnace and the like.
The inlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with the outlet of the main combustion chamber, and the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a slag discharging device. For improving the slag discharge capacity, the air intake direction may be, for example, but not limited to, a tangential direction of the second combustion chamber, a baffle plate may be installed in the second combustion chamber, and the second combustion chamber structure may be, for example, but not limited to, an inertial separator, a cyclone separator, and the like.
A waste heat utilization device, such as but not limited to a waste heat boiler.
Purification and dust removal devices such as, but not limited to, spray towers, ammonia spray tanks, desulfurization towers, and bag-type dust removers.
The invention relates to a partitioned secondary combustion chamber, the lower part of which is a low-temperature, low-gas-velocity and oxygen-deficient combustion area, and the upper part of which is a high-temperature, high-gas-velocity and oxygen-enriched combustion area. The zoned second combustion chamber is structurally characterized by being narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the upper combustion zone and the lower combustion zone is determined according to the required gas velocity of each section, such as but not limited to less than 0.6.
The lower combustion chamber of the zoning secondary combustion chamber has the characteristics of low temperature and low speed. The low speed refers to the gas velocity lower than the free settling velocity of ash particles, such as but not limited to 1.5m/s, and solid particles with the free settling velocity higher than the value can settle at the bottom of the combustion chamber and are discharged by a bottom deslagging device; the upper chamber gas velocity is higher than the lower chamber gas velocity, for example but not limited to 2.5 m/s. The low temperature means that the temperature of a lower combustion zone of the zoning secondary combustion chamber is lower than that of an upper combustion zone, and the temperature of the lower combustion chamber is controlled below the melting temperature of salts by spraying normal-temperature liquid wastes into the lower combustion chamber, such as but not limited to 600-800 ℃. As a result, the liquid waste containing salts at the lower part of the secondary combustion chamber can be effectively combusted, but salt particles are settled at the bottom of the combustion chamber and discharged by the bottom deslagging device, thereby avoiding melting, bonding and corrosion under the high-temperature combustion condition. And because the temperature of the combustion zone at the lower part of the subarea secondary combustion chamber is low, unburned combustible materials enter the upper part of the subarea secondary combustion chamber along with flue gas to be continuously combusted. In order to improve the combustion efficiency, the auxiliary fuel such as natural gas or fuel oil and the like and secondary air are sprayed into the upper combustion area to supplement and perform high-temperature combustion, the temperature of the combustion area is 1100-1200 ℃, and toxic and harmful components such as dioxin, CO and the like can be sufficiently combusted and decomposed. Because salt particles are discharged from the lower combustion zone of the subarea secondary combustion chamber, the temperature of the upper part of the subarea secondary combustion chamber can be set according to the burnout requirement, and the contradiction between high-temperature burnout and salt melting does not exist.
The device can be a structure described in the specification, and can also be other evolution type structures or split type devices with the same functions and principles.
Examples
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Pretreatment before incineration of waste: consistent with the common waste treatment method, the method mainly relates to the crushing of large solid wastes, the classification of wastes with different properties, the compatibility homogenization treatment and storage of the wastes before incineration and the like.
Burning the waste in a rotary kiln: the pretreated waste which can be in a solid state, a liquid state or a semi-solid state and the like is uniformly fed into the rotary kiln through a matched feeding device with adjustable feeding amount, meanwhile, the rotary kiln is also provided with a primary air inlet, the fed waste is mixed with air to carry out pyrolysis and combustion reaction, the waste is greatly reduced, the furnace temperature in the rotary kiln is controlled within 850 ℃, and the partially unburnt waste and flue gas formed after combustion enter an inlet 1 of a low-temperature combustion area of a secondary combustion chamber connected with an outlet of the rotary kiln.
And (3) low-temperature combustion in a secondary combustion chamber: the structure of the second combustion chamber is shown in figure 2, the second combustion chamber is a vertical communicating structure, the cross section of the lower part is larger than that of the upper part, the flue gas fed from the rotary kiln and unburnt wastes enter the low-temperature low-gas-velocity combustion area 2 through the inlet 1 of the low-temperature combustion area, the flue gas and the unburnt wastes are mixed with the waste brine sprayed in through the liquid waste spraying pipe in the area, the temperature of the mixed gas-solid mixture is reduced to 600-. The mixed gas-solid mixture is further subjected to oxygen-deficient combustion (the low-temperature secondary combustion chamber does not supplement air), because the cross section of the combustion area is large, the flow rate of the internal gas is low, solid salt with the particle free settling velocity higher than the set gas flow rate value, solid ash particles generated after combustion and non-combustible solid waste settle to the bottom of the combustion area, and the solid waste is discharged out of the secondary combustion chamber through a slag discharge device 7 and is subjected to final solid waste treatment such as burying and the like.
High-temperature combustion in a second combustion chamber: flue gas generated by the low-temperature combustion area 2 of the secondary combustion chamber enters the high-temperature high-gas-velocity combustion area 3 along with gas flow, unburned fine particulate matters in the flue gas and a large amount of toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin, CO and the like generated by low-temperature oxygen-poor combustion are mixed with natural gas or fuel oil entering through the auxiliary fuel injection port 6 and air (oxygen) entering through the secondary air inlet 5 in the area and then are subjected to high-temperature peroxide decomposition and combustion, and the purpose of harmless treatment is achieved. And the combusted flue gas enters the waste heat boiler from an outlet 8 at the top of the high-temperature combustion area for heat value recycling.
And (3) waste heat utilization: high-temperature flue gas discharged after high-temperature combustion in the secondary combustion chamber enters the waste heat utilization boiler, and heat exchanges heat with water to generate steam for power generation or heating and the like. The flue gas after absorbing part of the heat is discharged from the waste heat boiler, and the temperature of the flue gas is about 500 ℃.
A quenching device: the flue gas discharged by the waste heat boiler enters a quenching device to be rapidly cooled to within 200 ℃, so that the regeneration of toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin and the like is avoided. The quenching device in this embodiment is a spray tower.
Purifying and dedusting: and the cooled low-temperature flue gas enters a purifying and dedusting device, and the purified flue gas is exhausted to the atmosphere by a draught fan. The desulfurization and denitrification method and the desulfurization and denitrification device can be various desulfurization and denitrification methods and devices commonly used in coal-fired power plants, in the embodiment, an active coke combined desulfurization and denitrification device is taken as an example, the desulfurization and denitrification device is arranged in front of a bag-type dust collector, certain large-particle smoke dust can be removed, the smoke dust is filtered by the bag-type dust collector and then discharged, the discharge temperature is about 150 ℃, and the filtered fine ash (slag) and the coarse slag recovered by a secondary combustion chamber are subjected to hazardous waste landfill disposal; the active coke in the active coke combined desulfurization and denitrification device can be recycled, but the treatment effect on the flue gas is reduced after repeated recycling, and the active coke needs to be replaced again, particularly according to actual implementation.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the illustrated embodiments.
Claims (2)
1. A high-low temperature variable gas velocity waste incineration system is characterized by comprising a main combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a tertiary combustion chamber, a waste heat utilization device, a quenching device and a purification and dust removal device which are sequentially connected; the main combustion chamber of the system is provided with a feed inlet and an air inlet, and ash slag and smoke which are incombustible, unburned and combusted are communicated with the secondary combustion chamber; an inlet of a secondary combustion chamber for low-temperature, low-speed and oxygen-deficient combustion is connected with an outlet of a main combustion chamber, an outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with an inlet of a tertiary combustion chamber, liquid salt-containing waste is sprayed to adjust the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber and combust, coarse slag and unmelted salt particles are discharged from a slag discharge device, and the rest flue gas enters the tertiary combustion chamber; the outlets of the three combustion chambers of high-temperature, high-speed and oxygen-enriched combustion are connected with the inlet of the waste heat utilization device; the outlet of the waste heat utilization device is connected with the inlet of the quenching device; the outlet of the quenching device is connected with a flue gas purification and dust removal device, and the purified waste gas is communicated with a draught fan;
the main combustion chamber device is a rotary kiln with strong material adaptability, or a circulating fluidized bed boiler, or a mechanical chain grate stoker, or a pulse throwing type grate incinerator or a CAO incinerator;
the second combustion chamber and the third combustion chamber are integrated combustion chambers or two combustion devices which exist independently;
the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with the outlet of the main combustion chamber, and the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a slag discharging device; the air inlet direction is tangential direction of a second combustion chamber, a guide plate is arranged in the second combustion chamber, and the second combustion chamber is structurally in the type of an inertial separator and a cyclone separator;
the waste heat utilization device is a waste heat boiler; the purification and dust removal device comprises a spray tower, an ammonia spraying tank, a desulfurization tower and a bag-type dust remover;
the lower part of the second combustion chamber is a low-temperature, low-gas-velocity and oxygen-deficient combustion area, and the upper part of the second combustion chamber is a high-temperature, high-gas-velocity and oxygen-enriched combustion area;
the second combustion chamber is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the ratio of the cross section areas of the upper combustion area and the lower combustion area is less than 0.6; the zoned secondary combustion chamber device can be other evolution type structures or split type devices with the same function and principle;
the lower combustion chamber of the second combustion chamber has the characteristics of low temperature and low speed; the low speed means that the gas velocity is lower than the free settling velocity of ash particles, the settling velocity is 1.5m/s, and solid particles with the free settling velocity higher than the value can settle at the bottom of the combustion chamber and are discharged by a bottom deslagging device; the gas velocity of the upper combustion chamber is higher than that of the lower combustion chamber, and the gas velocity is 2.5 m/s; the low temperature means that the temperature of a lower combustion zone of the subarea secondary combustion chamber is lower than that of an upper combustion zone, and the temperature of the lower combustion chamber is controlled to be below the salt melting temperature of 600-800 ℃ by spraying normal-temperature liquid waste into the lower combustion chamber; the temperature of a combustion zone at the lower part of the subarea secondary combustion chamber is low, and unburnt combustible materials enter the upper part of the subarea secondary combustion chamber along with flue gas to be continuously combusted; the upper combustion area is subjected to high-temperature combustion by spraying auxiliary fuel such as natural gas or fuel oil and supplementing secondary air, and the temperature of the combustion area is 1100-1200 ℃; the temperature of the upper part of the subarea secondary combustion chamber is set according to the burnout requirement.
2. A high-low temperature variable gas speed waste incineration method is characterized by comprising the following processes:
the waste and system primary air enters from a charging opening and an air inlet of the main combustion chamber, and incombustible, unburned and burned ash and smoke enter the secondary combustion chamber together; the secondary combustion chamber is low-temperature, low-speed and oxygen-deficient combustion, an inlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with an outlet of the main combustion chamber, an outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is connected with an inlet of the third combustion chamber, a slag discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber, liquid waste is sprayed in to adjust the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber and is combusted, coarse slag and unmelted salt particles are discharged from the slag discharging device, and the rest flue gas enters the third combustion chamber; the three combustion chambers are high-temperature, high-speed and oxygen-enriched combustion, secondary air and natural gas or oil auxiliary fuel are sprayed to ensure that unburned particles and toxic and harmful substances are fully combusted and decomposed, and the outlets of the three combustion chambers are connected with the inlet of the waste heat utilization device; the outlet of the waste heat utilization device is connected with the inlet of the quenching device; the outlet of the quenching device is connected with a flue gas purification and dust removal device, fine slag is discharged by the dust removal device, and the purified waste gas is discharged into the atmosphere through a draught fan;
the secondary combustion has low-temperature and low-speed characteristics; the low speed is that the gas velocity is lower than the free settling velocity of ash particles, the velocity is 1.5m/s, and solid particles with the free settling velocity higher than the value can settle at the bottom of the combustion chamber and are discharged by a bottom slag discharging device; the low temperature means that the secondary combustion temperature is lower than the tertiary combustion temperature, and the temperature is controlled to be below the salt melting temperature by spraying normal-temperature liquid waste during secondary combustion, wherein the temperature is 600-800 ℃;
the tertiary combustion has the characteristics of high temperature, high gas velocity and oxygen enrichment; the high gas velocity means that the velocity of the tertiary combustion gas is higher than that of the secondary combustion gas, the velocity is 2.5m/s, and all combustion products enter the waste heat utilization device along with the flue gas; the unburnt combustible materials continue to be combusted for three times due to the low secondary combustion temperature; and during the third combustion, the supplementary of auxiliary fuel and secondary air such as natural gas or fuel oil are sprayed to carry out high-temperature oxygen-enriched combustion; the temperature of the combustion zone is 1100-1200 ℃;
the waste raw materials and the burned ash residues are reasonably input and discharged in different points according to the combustion characteristics, and the waste raw materials are not only used as combustion raw materials for feeding in during primary combustion and secondary combustion, but also used as a means for adjusting the temperature during secondary combustion; the ash and slag after combustion are discharged when ash and slag particles with the free settling velocity higher than a set value are combusted secondarily according to the change of the gas velocity;
the primary combustion and secondary combustion operation temperature is relatively low and is in a lean oxygen state, the generation of NOX is inhibited, the primary combustion temperature is less than 850 ℃, and the secondary combustion temperature is lower than 800 ℃; the tertiary combustion is high-temperature oxygen-enriched combustion, the combustion temperature is 1200 ℃, combustion is supported through secondary air supply, and the oxygen concentration is 2-5%.
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