CN2469327Y - Garbage incinerator with control of pollution of dioxins and heavy metals - Google Patents

Garbage incinerator with control of pollution of dioxins and heavy metals Download PDF

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Publication number
CN2469327Y
CN2469327Y CN 00263126 CN00263126U CN2469327Y CN 2469327 Y CN2469327 Y CN 2469327Y CN 00263126 CN00263126 CN 00263126 CN 00263126 U CN00263126 U CN 00263126U CN 2469327 Y CN2469327 Y CN 2469327Y
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China
Prior art keywords
bed
stove
garbage
ribbon conveyer
dioxin
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN 00263126
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
廖洪强
姚强
项光明
程荫桐
岳勇
张金成
刘惠永
郑跃红
陆华良
张贞良
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TONGFANG ENVIRONMENT CO Ltd
Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
Tsinghua Tongfang Co Ltd
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Priority to CN 00263126 priority Critical patent/CN2469327Y/en
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Abstract

A device that controls the production and the diffusion of Dioxin and heavy metal in the process of burning garbage is characterized in that protogenous garbage is firstly transported to a garbage bank, then is sent to a pre-treatment device, and the treated garbage is burnt in a garbage incinerator, and the burnt flue gas is sent to be purified in an exhaust purifier and the standard-met discharge of the purified gas is realized by a draft fan through a chimney. The utility model takes three links, i.e. pre-incinerator, while-incinerator and post-incinerator into consideration to control the production and the diffusion of Dioxin and heavy metal, so the effect of thoroughly purified flue gas is achieved. Compared with the prior art, the utility model is reasonable in design, convenient and fast in operation and low in operating cost.

Description

Control waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal produce the equipment with diffusion
The utility model relates to waste incineration pollution control technology field, relates in particular to control waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal and produces and the equipment that spreads.
Domestic waste is the product of following of mankind's activity.Along with the raising of urban population increase and urban life level, domestic waste output is growing.The domestic waste severe contamination human habitat of Zeng Jiaing day by day." three change " that how to realize that domestic waste is innoxious, subtract appearanceization and resource handles and become the focus that the whole world is paid close attention to.In common waste disposal method, waste incineration since disposal of refuse innoxious thoroughly, but subtract advantage such as the deep and recovery energy of appearanceization and become the main flow of current urban garbage disposal.But, waste incineration is easy to generate secondary pollution, particularly dioxin of Chan Shenging and heavy metal class extremely toxic substance can cause very big harm to environment, and generation how effectively to control waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal class material has become present research focus with diffusion.Can solution waste incineration dioxin contamination problem be directly connected to garbage incineration technology and be further applied.Present situation is, Chinese scholars has been carried out big quantity research to the relevant issues of refuse incineration from generating dioxins and heavy metal, comprise dioxin and the source of heavy metal, the formation mechanism of dioxin and some possible control measure etc. in the waste incineration process, and obtained a large amount of achievements in research.These achievements mainly comprise: the dioxin that waste incineration produces is made up of charcoal, hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine element, and the harmful element that wherein forms dioxin is a chlorine; The waste incineration dioxin has three kinds of sources, promptly from firing preceding crude waste, from bad combustion process, produce the dioxin presoma, from the follow-up flue gas cooling procedure of burning by presoma and flying dust and synthetic by charcoal and chlorine catalysis, its main catalyst is metals such as iron, copper, nickel, and the speed maximum of the synthetic dioxin of follow-up catalysis; The oxide that element such as sulphur, nitrogen forms in combustion process in the coal helps suppressing dioxin and generates.Main reference document: Tuppurainen, K., Halonen, I., Ruokojarvi, P., Tarhanen, J.And Ruuskanen, J.Chemosphere, Vol.36, No.7, pp.1493-1511,1998.Heavy metal is mainly derived from the battery in the crude waste, and the heavy metal in the battery forms tiny metal oxide and metal simple-substance in combustion process, and these tiny metal substances are blamed in the wet method with routine and removed, but they are adsorbed by porous media easily.Though obtained bigger achievement about waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal generate with control mechanism research, these achievements in research are applied to have also had big distance in actual waste incineration dioxin and the heavy metal control technology.Along with promoting day by day and the reinforcement of people's environmental protection consciousness of garbage incineration technology, develop the control technology of waste incineration secondary pollution efficient control technology, especially dioxin and heavy metal, seem particularly urgent and important.
In the prior art, domestic also do not have special waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal to control patented technology, external relevant waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal control patented technology, mostly only emphasize dioxin and heavy metal behind the stove of refuse burning system are generated dioxin and heavy metal purification by diffusion in control and the tail flue gas, do not consider to prevent that waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal from generating comprehensively.Proposing behind stove temperature as U.S. Pat 5968467 generates after spraying the stove that adsorbent and coverture suppress dioxin in 400 ℃ the flue gas.This patented technology can reduce the generation of dioxin behind the stove to a certain extent, but its adsorbent and coverture cost of manufacture are bigger, and behind stove in the course of injection to the metal pipe material serious wear, the more important thing is that this patented technology fails to control that dioxin generates and diffusion comprehensively; And for example U.S. Pat 5607654 adopts the diffusion that the multistage purification method is controlled dioxin is set behind incinerator, this technology at first adopts spray drying process, utilize acidic materials and a small amount of dioxin in the alkaline fine grained absorption tail gas, utilize bag-type dust or electric cleaner to realize gas solid separation then, the gas after the dedusting enters the diffusion that a wet gas cleaning device is further controlled dioxin and heavy metal.Though this technology can effectively be controlled the diffusion of dioxin and heavy metal, whole system is very complicated, and investment and operating cost are very big.
In order to solve above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the purpose of this utility model provides a kind of equipment that can comprehensively control waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal generation and diffusion.This equipment reasonable in design, simple in structure, make and operating cost low.
In order to reach above-mentioned goal of the invention, the technical solution of the utility model realizes as follows:
Control waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal produce the equipment with diffusion, the stokehold rubbish pretreatment unit of metals such as it comprises the rubbish storehouse of depositing crude waste, remove polyvinyl chloride duroplasts and iron, copper, battery, prevent the garbage combustion device of generation in the dioxin stove, garbage incinerating tail gas purifier and the air-introduced machine and the chimney of control dioxin and heavy metal diffusion.Its design feature is: be provided with grab bucket in the described rubbish storehouse and rubbish can be sent and put the rubbish pretreatment unit, the rubbish pretreatment unit is connected the rubbish that makes after the processing and advances burning in garbage combustion device with garbage combustion device.Garbage combustion device is connected with the garbage incinerating tail gas purifier to be delivered in the garbage incinerating tail gas purifier gas fume after burning to purify, purified gas by air-introduced machine through smoke stack emission.
According to above-mentioned technical scheme, described stokehold rubbish pretreatment unit comprises feed hopper, ribbon conveyer one, rotary screen, receiving hopper, ribbon conveyer two, ribbon conveyer three, pulverizer, tramp iron separator, receiving hopper and feeder.Feed hopper places the top of ribbon conveyer one, rotary screen tilts to be placed between the top of the end of ribbon conveyer one and ribbon conveyer two, the rotary screen bottom is over against the material receiving port of receiving hopper, the discharging opening of receiving hopper is over against the top of ribbon conveyer three, the top of ribbon conveyer three is provided with tramp iron separator, pulverizer places the defeated shutdown of belt two terminal belows, and the stokehold hopper places ribbon conveyer three terminal belows, and feeder is connected with the stokehold feed hopper bottom.
According to above-mentioned technical scheme, described garbage combustion device comprises incinerator, cyclone separator, material returning device and the multi-stage heat exchanger of being made up of secondary bed of stove and stove master bed.The secondary bed of stove joins with feeder outlet and material returning device outlet respectively, and the interlayer that is provided with top band opening between secondary bed of stove and the stove master bed is connected the secondary bed of stove with stove master bed.The secondary bed of stove respectively is provided with air distribution plate and slag-drip opening with the bottom of stove master bed.Stove master bed top is provided with flue, and flue and multi-stage heat exchanger, cyclone separator join, and the cyclone separator other end and material returning device import are joined, and the multi-stage heat exchanger outlet is joined with exhaust gas cleaner.
According to above-mentioned technical scheme, described garbage incinerating tail gas purifier comprises to remove fluid bed clarifier, gas-solid separator, surge bunker and the mixing granulation device that agent and adsorbent are the bed material.The arrival end of fluid bed clarifier is provided with de Laval noz(zle) and the bed material inlet that tail gas is quickened.The de Laval noz(zle) other end and garbage incinerating tail gas inlet join.Bed material inlet joins with the outlet of mixing granulation device, and the mixing granulation device is equipped with admission port, active carbon material inlet and pulverized limestone material inlet and joins with batcher.The batcher other end and surge bunker join, and surge bunker top and side top are equipped with gas-solid separator and discharge machine.Gas-solid separator top and side top are equipped with clean gas outlet and horizontal connection tube, and the port of export of the horizontal connection tube other end and fluid bed clarifier joins.
The utility model is owing to considered from stokehold, stove and the generation and the diffusion of three links control dioxin and heavy metal behind the stove.In stokehold removal igelite and stove, add the calcium dechlorination, generate from source control dioxin.Remaining dioxin that produces and heavy metal are adsorbed by porous media in the exhaust gas cleaner behind stove again, and dioxin after being adsorbed and heavy metal are easy to be captured by conventional cleaner, so can reach thorough purification effects.Compare with prior art, the utility model not only equipment is reasonable in design, and is simple in structure, and simple operation, maintenance of equipment are convenient.Particularly device fabrication and operating cost are low, are very suitable for the incineration treatment of garbage of China and developing country.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete embodiment the utility model is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is technological process of the present utility model and device schematic layout pattern thereof;
Fig. 2 is a stokehold rubbish pretreatment unit schematic layout pattern in the utility model;
Fig. 3 is a garbage combustion device schematic layout pattern in the utility model;
Fig. 4 is a garbage incinerating tail gas purifier schematic layout pattern in the utility model.
Referring to Fig. 1, crude waste transports in the rubbish storehouse 1 through cram packer, rubbish in the rubbish storehouse 12 is delivered to rubbish pretreatment unit 3 by grabbing bucket, rubbish is after treatment delivered to garbage combustion device 4 and is burnt, gas fume after burning is delivered to smoke eliminator 5 and is purified, and purified gas is discharged into chimney 7 by air-introduced machine 6 and is discharged in the atmosphere.
Referring to Fig. 2, the method of operation of rubbish pretreatment unit 3 is, after crude waste is removed bulk materials through even feeding device 8, send into rotary screen 10 going into to select materials by ribbon conveyer one 9 even feedings, rotary screen 10 top coarse fodder buckets are delivered in and enter pulverizer 12 after ribbon conveyer 2 11 enterprising pedestrian's work points are chosen.Material after pulverizer 12 is pulverized drops on the ribbon conveyer 3 14.The material of rotary screen 10 bottoms by receiving hopper 13 also drop on the ribbon conveyer 3 14 with fragmentation after mixing of materials.Mix back rubbish and after tramp iron separator 15 is removed ferromagnetic material, enter ladle addition bucket 16, send rubbish to go into stove by feeder 17 again and burn.
Referring to Fig. 3, the method for operation of garbage combustion device 4 is, acting as a fuel with coal earlier is heated to predetermined temperature with incinerator, stable after with the rubbish in the stokehold hopper 16 through the secondary bed 18 of feeder 17 input stoves.Rubbish is at stove secondary bed 18 inner dryings and pyrolytic gasification.Residue behind the pyrolytic gasification is discharged through slag-drip opening 25.The fuel gas that pyrolysis produces is crossed over interlayer 20 by the secondary bed of stove 18 upper lateral part openings and is entered stove master bed 21.In stove master bed 21 with from the air mixed combustion of air distribution plate 19, make the abundant after-flame of fuel gas.Flue gas enters flue 22 by stove master bed 21 burner hearths, enters cyclone separator 23 after the combustion.The bed material that is separated by cyclone separator 23 is transmitted back to the secondary bed 18 of stove through material returning device 24, as refuse pyrolysis gasification thermal source, and has finished the circulation of bed material, and flue gas is discharged by cyclone separator 23, enters exhaust gas cleaner 5 after multi-stage heat exchanger 26 coolings.
Referring to Fig. 4, the method for operation of smoke eliminator 5 is, sprays into after at first the flue gas that garbage combustion device 4 is discharged is quickened by de Laval noz(zle) 28 through garbage incinerating tail gas inlet 27 with the calcium base and removes agent and adsorbent is the recirculating fluidized bed clarifier 29 of bed material.Drive bed and expect to vulcanize together and remove reaction.Solid particle after reaction and the absorption enters gas-solid separator 32, the surge bunker 34 below the solid particle behind gas-solid separator 32 enters into air-flow through horizontal connection tube 30.Most of solid particle enters mixing granulation device 36 by batcher 35 in the surge bunker 34.All the other materials that do not circulate are discharged by discharge machine 33.Enter in the mixing granulation device 36 recycle stock with from the pulverized limestone of pulverized limestone material inlet 40, the abundant mixing granulation of water of the active carbon of active carbon material inlet 39 and admission port 38.Mixed material after the granulation is as the bed material of recirculating fluidized bed clarifier 29, and enters in the fluid bed clarifier 29 via bed material inlet 37 by mixing granulation device 36 and to recycle.Clean flue gas after the purification is discharged by clean gas outlet 31 and is entered chimney 7 qualified discharges through air-introduced machine 6.

Claims (4)

1. can control waste incineration dioxin and heavy metal generation and the equipment that spreads for one kind comprehensively, it comprises the rubbish storehouse (1) of depositing crude waste, remove polyvinyl chloride duroplasts and iron, copper, the stokehold rubbish pretreatment unit (3) of metals such as battery, prevent the garbage combustion device (4) of generation in the dioxin stove, garbage incinerating tail gas purifier (5) and the air-introduced machine (6) and the chimney (7) of control dioxin and heavy metal diffusion, it is characterized in that: be provided with grab bucket (2) in the described rubbish storehouse (1) and rubbish can be sent and put rubbish pretreatment unit (3), rubbish pretreatment unit (3) is connected the rubbish that makes after the processing and burns in garbage combustion device (4) with garbage combustion device (4), garbage combustion device (4) is connected with garbage incinerating tail gas purifier (5) makes gas fume after burning deliver to purification in the garbage incinerating tail gas purifier (5), and purified gas discharges through chimney (7) by air-introduced machine (6).
2. according to the described equipment of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stokehold rubbish pretreatment unit (3) comprises feed hopper (8), ribbon conveyer-(9), rotary screen (10), receiving hopper (13), ribbon conveyer two (11), ribbon conveyer three (14), pulverizer (12), tramp iron separator (15), receiving hopper (16) and auxiliary material device (17), feed hopper (8) places the top of ribbon conveyer-(9), rotary screen (10) tilts to be placed between the top of the end of ribbon conveyer-(9) and ribbon conveyer two (11), rotary screen (10) bottom is over against the material receiving port of receiving hopper (13), the discharging opening of receiving hopper (13) is over against the top of ribbon conveyer three (14), the top of ribbon conveyer three (14) is provided with tramp iron separator (15), pulverizer (12) places ribbon conveyer two (11) terminal belows, stokehold hopper (16) places ribbon conveyer three (14) terminal belows, and feeder (17) is connected with stokehold hopper (16) bottom.
3. according to the described equipment of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described garbage combustion device (4) comprises the incinerator of being made up of secondary bed of stove (18) and stove master bed (21), cyclone separator (23), material returning device (24) and multi-stage heat exchanger (26), the secondary bed of stove (18) joins with feeder (17) outlet and material returning device (24) outlet respectively, the secondary bed of stove (18) and protect the interlayer (20) that is provided with top band opening between the main bed (21) the secondary bed of stove (18) with protect master bed (21) and be connected, the secondary bed of stove (18) all respectively is provided with air distribution plate (19) and slag-drip opening (25) with the end of stove master bed (21), stove master bed (21) top is provided with flue (22), flue (22) and classification heat exchanger (26), cyclone separator (23) joins, cyclone separator (23) other end and material returning device (24) import are joined, and multi-stage heat exchanger (26) outlet is joined with exhaust gas cleaner.
4. according to the described equipment of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described garbage incinerating tail gas purifier (5) comprises to remove the fluid bed clarifier (29) that agent and adsorbent are a section, gas-solid separator (32), surge bunker (34) and mixing granulation device (36), the arrival end of fluid bed clarifier (29) is provided with de Laval noz(zle) (28) and the bed material population (37) that tail gas is quickened, de Laval noz(zle) (28) other end and garbage incinerating tail gas inlet (27) join, bed material inlet (37) joins with the outlet of mixing granulation device (36), mixing granulation device (36) is equipped with admission port (38), activated carbon material inlet (39) and pulverized limestone are given section's mouth (40) and are joined with giving section's machine (35), batcher (35) other end and surge bunker (34) join, surge bunker (34) top and side top are equipped with air mass separator (32) and discharge machine (33), gas-solid separator (32) top and side top are equipped with clean gas outlet (31) and horizontal connection tube (30), and the port of export of horizontal connection tube (30) other end and fluid bed clarifier (29) joins.
CN 00263126 2000-12-04 2000-12-04 Garbage incinerator with control of pollution of dioxins and heavy metals Expired - Lifetime CN2469327Y (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103807860A (en) * 2014-02-20 2014-05-21 煤炭科学研究总院 Multi-hearth furnace tail gas purifying device and method
CN106111663A (en) * 2016-06-24 2016-11-16 苏州新区环保服务中心有限公司 A kind of pyrolysis gasification method of industrial solid castoff
CN112432183A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-03-02 清华大学 Waste incineration coupling boiler system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103807860A (en) * 2014-02-20 2014-05-21 煤炭科学研究总院 Multi-hearth furnace tail gas purifying device and method
CN106111663A (en) * 2016-06-24 2016-11-16 苏州新区环保服务中心有限公司 A kind of pyrolysis gasification method of industrial solid castoff
CN106111663B (en) * 2016-06-24 2018-05-08 苏州新区环保服务中心有限公司 A kind of pyrolysis gasification method of industrial solid castoff
CN112432183A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-03-02 清华大学 Waste incineration coupling boiler system

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Owner name: 2907, TOWER A, QINGHUATONGFANGKEJI PLAZA, BEIJING

Free format text: FORMER NAME OR ADDRESS: YANFA CENTER, MAILBOX 2670, BEIJING CITY, 100084

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C56 Change in the name or address of the patentee
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Address after: 100083 Beijing Tsinghua Tongfang science and Technology Square A block 2907

Co-patentee after: Tongfang Co.,Ltd.

Patentee after: TSINGHUA University

Address before: 100083 Beijing Tsinghua Tongfang science and Technology Square A block 2907

Co-patentee before: Tsinghua Tongfang Co.,Ltd.

Patentee before: Tsinghua University

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Effective date of registration: 20080516

Address after: A, block 2907, Tsinghua Tongfang Technology Plaza, Beijing, 100083

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Patentee after: TSINGHUA University

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