CN113290051B - Asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for preparing aluminum/magnesium composite board - Google Patents
Asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for preparing aluminum/magnesium composite board Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B47/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/386—Plates
Abstract
The invention discloses an asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for preparing an aluminum/magnesium composite plate, and belongs to the technical field of metal material processing. The method comprises the following steps: processing an aluminum alloy plate, a magnesium alloy plate and a zinc-based intermediate layer with preset sizes; removing oil stains, cleaning an oxide layer and blow-drying; tightly attaching the assembly in the sequence of aluminum/zinc/magnesium for fixation; induction heating the blank to 350-550 ℃, and melting the middle layer; different asynchronous ratios are adjusted by asynchronous rolling, and the total reduction rate is 50-70%; and carrying out heat treatment on the hot-rolled composite plate to obtain a composite plate product. The invention prepares the aluminum-magnesium composite board by utilizing online induction heating, local liquid phase compounding and asynchronous rolling, greatly reduces the generation of interface products of a composite interface and prevents the interface from being oxidized; the rolling force is small, the load of the rolling mill is low, and the requirement on the capacity of the rolling mill is low; the composite board has small residual stress and good quality of rolled plate shape. The prepared aluminum/magnesium composite board has high interface bonding strength, good plate shape, less interface brittle products, no need of assembly and separant, short flow, low energy consumption, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to an asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for preparing an aluminum/magnesium composite plate.
Background art:
the magnesium alloy has the advantages of low density, good shock absorption and noise reduction, excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, easy recovery and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, electronics and the like. However, the oxide film formed on the surface of the magnesium alloy is porous and loose, and therefore, the corrosion resistance is poor. Aluminum alloys have good corrosion resistance, higher strength, and excellent thermal conductivity, but have higher density than magnesium alloys. Therefore, the aluminum/magnesium composite board not only can enable the material to have good corrosion resistance, but also has light weight and very wide application prospect, but hard and brittle intermetallic compounds are easily generated between aluminum and magnesium, and the interface combination of the aluminum/magnesium composite board is seriously influenced.
At present, the method for preparing the aluminum/magnesium composite plate mainly comprises an explosion cladding method, a diffusion cladding method and a rolling cladding method.
The explosion cladding method is to utilize the high temperature and shock wave generated by explosive to generate serious plastic deformation on a cladding interface, and realize the cladding of heterogeneous metals through the metallurgical bonding and mechanical occlusion of the interface. However, the explosive cladding interface has solidification structure and inclusion generated by local overheating melting, and the interface bonding performance of the explosive cladding plate is greatly weakened. In addition, explosion cladding also has the defects of serious noise and dust pollution, low production efficiency, poor plate shape and the like, so the technology is eliminated abroad.
The diffusion compounding method is a method for realizing firm combination by mutually diffusing atoms on metal surfaces on two sides under the combined action of certain vacuum, temperature and pressure to form a diffusion layer. However, due to the limitation of diffusion compounding equipment, diffusion compounding is generally used for preparing small-sized composite members, and continuous industrial production of large-format composite plates cannot be realized.
The rolling and compounding method generally comprises the steps of symmetrically superposing two groups of double-layer compound blanks, coating a separant between the two groups of compound blanks to facilitate separation of the rolled compound plates, then carrying out vacuum welding and packaging on the periphery of the blanks to avoid interface oxidation, and then carrying out rolling and compounding, heat treatment, cutting and separation, separant cleaning, straightening and other procedures to finally obtain the compound plates. The rolling composite method is the mainstream preparation technology of the metal composite plate at home and abroad due to the advantages of high efficiency, green, good plate shape and the like. However, in the case of the magnesium/aluminum composite plate, a large amount of intermetallic compounds are generated between aluminum and magnesium when the temperature exceeds 100 ℃, and thus a large amount of brittle products are generated at the interface during hot rolling of the magnesium/aluminum composite plate, greatly impairing the interface properties. Therefore, at present, the high-performance aluminum/magnesium composite plate is difficult to prepare by adopting the conventional symmetrical rolling technology.
The asynchronous rolling composite technology is a composite board preparation technology at the international frontier. The asynchronous rolling adopts rollers with different roller diameters or the same roller diameter and different rotating speeds, and the stress state of a composite interface is controlled by adjusting the linear velocity difference, so that the rolling force can be effectively reduced, and the plate shape of a composite plate can be improved. Therefore, compared with the symmetrical rolling and compounding, the asynchronous rolling can directly carry out rolling and compounding on the double-layer metal plate without adopting complex symmetrical assembly, thereby saving the links of coating and cleaning the separant; meanwhile, the load of the rolling mill can be reduced due to asynchronous rolling, the composite critical deformation is reduced, the shape of the plate can be controlled, and the straightening process can be omitted.
Like ordinary hot rolling, brittle products between asynchronously rolled magnesium/aluminum still exist, and control of interface products is still very important. The patent 'a method for preparing a high-performance composite strip by pulse current asynchronous rolling' (CN108126982B) adopts pulse current to locally heat an interface gap region for a short time, thereby avoiding the serious diffusion problem caused by the traditional long-time soaking. Although the method shortens the high-temperature retention time of the interface to a certain extent, metals on two sides of the interface are melted in the pulse heating process, liquid metal is subjected to a strong eutectic reaction in the cooling process, a large amount of intermetallic compounds are generated, the interface combination is seriously influenced, and the interface performance is still not ideal. Therefore, although the asynchronous rolling compounding greatly simplifies the production process, greatly reduces the capacity requirement on rolling mill equipment, greatly improves the production efficiency and has better process adaptability, the problem of interface brittle products is still difficult to solve.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the existing problems, the invention develops an asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for preparing an aluminum/magnesium composite plate, firstly, a zinc-based intermediate layer material with low melting point is added on a compounding interface; then, before rolling, the induction coil is adopted to rapidly heat the local part of the composite blank so as to rapidly melt the interface intermediate layer; and finally, rolling and compounding the magnesium and aluminum plate blanks by using an asynchronous rolling technology. Wherein:
the melting point of the selected zinc-based intermediate layer is lower than the melting points of the aluminum and magnesium matrixes. The intermediate layer specifically includes: Zn-Al and Zn-Sn series can remove oxide films on metal surfaces on two sides and have enough wetting and spreading capacity, magnesium/aluminum on the two sides are isolated, element diffusion is avoided, a brittle phase is generated, and meanwhile, because the melting point of the middle layer is far lower than that of magnesium and aluminum alloy, the melting of the middle layer can be realized in a wider heating temperature window, but magnesium and aluminum are not melted, and the melting point range is as follows: 300 to 420 ℃. The heating link has good process adaptability, the electromagnetic induction is used for heating the aluminum alloy/zinc base layer/magnesium alloy composite blank, the zinc-based intermediate layer is instantly melted, then asynchronous rolling is rapidly carried out, the liquid metal film and the oxide film on the surface of aluminum and magnesium are rapidly extruded to the tail part under the action of rolling force, clean magnesium and aluminum surfaces are rapidly contacted at a lower temperature, heat treatment is carried out after rolling, and the residual stress of the aluminum/magnesium composite plate is reduced.
Different from the integral heating of a traditional resistance furnace or a gas furnace, the blank is sequentially heated along the length direction along with the blank passing through the induction coil, the induction heating temperature rise speed is high, the oxidation degree of the blank interface is weak, and the generation amount of the aluminum/magnesium composite interface product is effectively controlled. Therefore, under the condition of smaller rolling deformation, the interface realizes excellent metallurgical bonding, greatly reduces the load of the rolling mill, and reduces the equipment investment cost. In addition, the problems of uneven deformation of aluminum and magnesium, severe plate shape warping and the like caused by different deformation resistance in the same temperature deformation process are solved by adjusting the asynchronous ratio of rolling. Finally, the aluminum/magnesium composite board with excellent performance and good plate shape is obtained by an asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
an asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for preparing an aluminum/magnesium composite plate comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: selecting aluminum alloy plates, magnesium alloy plates and zinc-based intermediate layers with equal length and width;
(2) surface treatment and assembly of raw materials: cleaning the surfaces of an aluminum alloy plate, a magnesium alloy plate and a zinc-based intermediate layer, and removing oil stains and an oxidation layer; then, the clean surfaces to be compounded are opposite, the surfaces are overlapped according to the sequence of aluminum alloy/intermediate layer/magnesium alloy, the surfaces are ensured to be tightly attached, and the head and the tail of the composite blank are fixed to obtain a composite blank;
(3) on-line induction heating of the composite blank: placing the composite blank on a conveying roller way, enabling the composite blank to quickly pass through an electromagnetic induction coil without stopping in the middle, enabling the speed of the roller way to be 0.8-3 m/s, enabling an intermediate layer of the induction coil to be rapidly melted, enabling the heating temperature to be 350-550 ℃, controlling the temperature to be +/-10 ℃ in precision, ensuring that an aluminum plate and a magnesium plate are not melted, enabling the instantaneous temperature of the intermediate layer to be higher than the melting point of the intermediate layer during rolling, ensuring that the intermediate layer is in a liquid state during rolling, and obtaining the heated composite blank;
(4) asynchronous rolling: the heated composite blank is rapidly sent into a rolling mill for asynchronous rolling, the asynchronous rolling ratio of the magnesium side to the aluminum side is 1.1-1.3, the total rolling reduction rate is 50-70%, the first pass reduction rate is 5-10%, and the single pass reduction rate of the 2 nd pass to the last pass is 10-30%;
(5) heat treatment after rolling: and carrying out heat treatment on the rolled aluminum/magnesium composite board to regulate and control the properties of a magnesium alloy, an aluminum alloy and an interface of the aluminum/magnesium composite board to obtain the aluminum/magnesium composite board, wherein the temperature of the heat treatment after rolling is 100-180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-30 min.
In the step (1), the aluminum alloy plate comprises 2000 series, 6000 series or 7000 series, pure aluminum, 1000 series, 3000 series, 4000 series or 5000 series and the like.
In the step (1), the magnesium plate comprises a pure magnesium plate, a cast magnesium alloy plate, a deformed magnesium alloy plate and the like; the cast magnesium alloy plate comprises ZK series and the like, and the wrought magnesium alloy plate comprises AZ series and the like.
In the step (1), the zinc-based intermediate layer is Zn-Al series and Zn-Sn series, elements such as Cu, Mg, Bi and the like are selectively added into the zinc-based intermediate layer, and the melting point range is 300-420 ℃; the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is 1-50 mm, the thickness of the magnesium alloy plate is 1-50 mm, the thickness of the middle layer is 0.05-2 mm, and the components and the thickness of the middle layer are selected according to the total thickness and the requirement of the blank so as to ensure that the length and the width of the aluminum plate, the width of the magnesium plate and the length and the width of the middle layer are consistent.
In the step (2), the raw material surface is treated and assembled, oil stains and oxide layers on the surfaces of the aluminum plate, the magnesium plate and the intermediate layer are removed by a mechanical or acid washing method, and then the surfaces are cleaned and air-dried to ensure that the surfaces are clean and dry; in the assembling process, assembling according to the sequence of aluminum alloy/intermediate layer/magnesium alloy, then drilling holes at the head and tail of the composite blank, and selecting different types of aluminum rivets according to the plate thickness to ensure that the surfaces to be compounded are tightly attached to obtain the composite blank.
And (4) in the step (3), the composite blank is subjected to on-line induction heating, an induction heating device is arranged in front of an inlet of a rolling mill, and the heating temperature is 350-550 ℃ by adjusting induction current. When the composite billet passes through the induction heating coil, the intermediate layer is rapidly melted because the melting point of the intermediate layer is lower than that of the aluminum and magnesium alloy, and the aluminum plate and the magnesium plate are not melted.
In the step (4), the total rolling reduction rate is preferably 55-65%.
In the step (4), the first reduction rate is preferably 5-8%.
In the step (4), because the additional tensile stress of the interface of asynchronous rolling is small, the oxide film can be removed from the molten zinc-based interlayer, the critical composite reduction rate is reduced, the primary composite can be realized at a smaller first reduction rate, and because the primary composite is realized at the first pass, the single-pass reduction rate from the 2 nd pass to the last pass can also be smaller, and the reduction rate range is 10-30%, namely the asynchronous rolling of the small reduction rate.
In the step (4), the rolling asynchronism ratio is controlled within a specific range, so that the defects of cracks, air holes and the like of a composite interface caused by overlarge asynchronism ratio are avoided, the bonding strength of the interface is reduced, and when the roller speed ratio is overlarge, the relative sliding of the composite contact surface is caused due to the difference of the flow characteristics of two metals, so that the composite is not facilitated. The linear velocity ratio range of the magnesium side roller and the aluminum side roller in the invention is as follows: 1.1 to 1.3. The asynchronous rolling comprises two modes, wherein one mode is that the angular speeds of the upper roller and the lower roller of the rolling mill are the same, and the diameters of the upper roller and the lower roller of the rolling mill are different, and the other mode is that the angular speeds of the upper roller and the lower roller of the rolling mill are the same and are adjusted to be different. The nip rolls may be arranged in two, four or more rolls.
In the step (5), the heat preservation time is preferably 10-20 min.
In the step (5), the prepared aluminum/magnesium composite board has flat shape and straight interface, and the composite interface has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like, thereby realizing good metallurgical bonding. The unevenness in the thickness range is less than or equal to 2mm/m, and the thickness range of the aluminum/magnesium composite plate is 1-50 mm. The shear strength of the aluminum/magnesium composite interface is 70-80% of that of the magnesium plate matrix, the tensile strength of the composite plate is 90-98% of that of the magnesium plate matrix, the elongation is 90-98% of that of the magnesium plate matrix, the inner and outer bending angles are 90-155 degrees, and the interface is free of macroscopic cracking.
In the step (5), the shear strength of the prepared aluminum/magnesium composite board interface is 75-80% of that of the magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength is 93.5-98% of that of the magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength extends to 93-98% of that of the magnesium board matrix, the inner and outer bending angles are 132-155 degrees, and the interface is free of macroscopic cracking.
In the step (5), the residual stress of the rolled composite interface is reduced through the heat treatment after rolling, the interface bonding performance is improved, the precipitation strengthening of the aluminum alloy and the magnesium alloy is realized, or the residual stress is reduced, and the performances of the base material and the composite material are improved. The invention has low critical composite reduction rate, so the residual stress of the interface is lower, the temperature required by heat treatment is lower, the time is shorter, and the invention saves energy and reduces emission.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) design of the low-melting point zinc-based intermediate layer: in order to realize excellent metallurgical bonding of the interface, the surface oxide film of the base material and the surface oxide film of the composite material can be smoothly discharged by the molten zinc-based intermediate layer during rolling and compounding, so that a clean compound interface is obtained; (2) induction heating mode of weak oxidation: compared with the integral heating of a gas furnace or a resistance furnace, the induction heating can realize the local heating of the blank, thereby greatly relieving the oxidation degree of the interface; (3) asynchronous rolling technique with low additional stress: different from the traditional synchronous rolling, the method can obtain smaller interface additional tensile stress by adjusting the linear speed of the asynchronous rolling roller surface, simultaneously obtains a clean interface due to the extrusion of an oxide film, enables the interface to easily realize good metallurgical bonding under smaller reduction rate and rolling force and fewer rolling passes, has better plate shape, does not need to be straightened after rolling, simultaneously reduces the load of a rolling mill and saves the manufacturing cost.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of an asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase composite method for preparing an aluminum/magnesium composite plate according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph of an aluminum/magnesium composite panel prepared according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the morphology of a shear fracture of an aluminum/magnesium composite plate prepared in example 1 of the present invention, wherein FIG. 3(a) is an aluminum side and FIG. 3(b) is a magnesium side;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic photograph of an aluminum/magnesium composite panel according to comparative example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows the morphology of a shear fracture of an aluminum/magnesium composite plate prepared by comparative example 1 of the present invention, wherein fig. 5(a) is an aluminum side and fig. 5(b) is a magnesium side.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
the asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for preparing the aluminum/magnesium composite plate is characterized in that a process flow diagram is shown in fig. 1, an asynchronous rolling mill is adopted in the embodiment, and when R1 is R2, w1 is not equal to w 2; when w1 ≠ w2, R1 ≠ R2. R1 and R2 are respectively the radius of the upper roller and the lower roller, and w1 and w2 are respectively the angular speed of the upper roller and the lower roller; the material quality of the aluminum alloy plate is 1060 industrial pure aluminum, and the size of the aluminum plate is as follows: 300 multiplied by 20mm, the material of the magnesium alloy plate is AZ31 magnesium alloy, and the size of the magnesium plate is as follows: 300X 20 mm; the intermediate layer composition was Zn58Sn40Cu, and the dimensions were 300X 0.1 mm. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate and an intermediate layer, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking the plates in the sequence of aluminum/middle layer/magnesium, drilling holes at four corners of the blank and fixing the blank by using aluminum rivets to ensure that the plates are tightly attached; placing the composite blank on a roller way, setting the induction heating temperature to 410 ℃, and enabling the composite blank to pass through an induction heating device at the speed of 1m/s and enter a rolling mill; setting the asynchronous ratio of rolling on two sides of magnesium and aluminum to be 1.1, setting the first pass reduction rate to be 5%, the second, third and fourth pass reduction rates to be 20%, 20% and 17.8% respectively, setting the total reduction rate to be 50%, and cooling the rolled product to room temperature in air; and (3) carrying out heat treatment at 150 ℃ after rolling, keeping the temperature for 15min, and reducing the residual stress to obtain the aluminum/magnesium composite plate, wherein a metallographic photograph of the aluminum/magnesium composite plate is shown in figure 2, the appearance of a shear fracture is shown in figure 3, the aluminium side is shown in figure 3(a), and the magnesium side is shown in figure 3 (b). The results of the structure and performance analysis show that the composite interface is straight and has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like, the shear fracture on two sides has obvious tearing traces, and good metallurgical bonding is realized. The shear strength of the composite board reaches 70% of that of the AZ31 magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength of the composite board reaches 91% of that of the AZ31 magnesium board matrix, the elongation reaches 90% of that of the magnesium board matrix, the limit of the internal and external bending angles can reach 100%, and a composite interface is not cracked.
Example 2:
the material of aluminum alloy plate is 6061 aluminum alloy, aluminum plate size: 300X 15mm, the material of the magnesium alloy plate isAZ31 magnesium alloy, magnesium plate size: 300X 30 mm; the intermediate layer had a composition of Zn95Al and had dimensions of 300X 0.1 mm. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate and an intermediate layer, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking the plates in the sequence of aluminum/middle layer/magnesium, drilling holes at four corners of the blank and fixing the blank by using aluminum rivets to ensure that the plates are tightly attached; placing the composite blank on a roller way, setting the induction heating temperature to 460 ℃, and enabling the composite blank to pass through an induction heating device at the speed of 1m/s and enter a rolling mill; setting the asynchronous ratio of rolling on two sides of magnesium and aluminum to be 1.2, setting the first pass reduction rate to be 5%, the second, third and fourth pass reduction rates to be 20%, 20% and 26.2% respectively, and the total reduction rate to be 55%, and cooling the rolled product to room temperature in air; and (3) carrying out heat treatment at 150 ℃ after rolling for 15min to obtain the aluminum/magnesium composite board. The results of the structure and performance analysis show that the composite interface is straight and has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like, the shear fractures on two sides have obvious tearing traces, good metallurgical bonding is realized, and the interface strengthening phase is M2And (3) Si. The shear strength of the composite board reaches 75.5 percent of that of the AZ31 magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength of the composite board reaches 93.5 percent of that of the AZ31 magnesium board matrix, the elongation reaches 93 percent of that of the magnesium board matrix, and the internal and external bending angle limit can reach 132-degree interfaces without cracking.
Example 3:
the material of aluminum alloy plate is 7050 aluminum alloy, and the aluminum plate size: 300 multiplied by 12mm, the material of the magnesium alloy plate is ZK60 magnesium alloy, and the size of the magnesium plate is as follows: 300X 36 mm; the intermediate layer component was Zn65Al20Cu, and the dimensions were 300X 0.2 mm. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate and an intermediate layer, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking the plates in the sequence of aluminum/middle layer/magnesium, drilling holes at four corners of the blank and fixing the blank by using aluminum rivets to ensure that the plates are tightly attached; placing the composite blank on a roller way, setting the induction heating temperature to be 500 ℃, and enabling the composite blank to pass through an induction heating device at the speed of 1m/s and enter a rolling mill; setting the asynchronous ratio of the two sides of magnesium and aluminum to be 1.3, setting the first-pass reduction rate to be 5%, the second-pass reduction rate, the third-pass reduction rate, the fourth-pass reduction rate and the fifth-pass reduction rate to be 20%, 20% and 17.8% respectively, and the total reduction rate to be 60%, and cooling the rolled product to room temperature in air; and (3) carrying out heat treatment at 150 ℃ after rolling for 15min to obtain the aluminum/magnesium composite board. The results of the structure and performance analysis show that the composite interface is straight and has no cracks and gasesThe shear fractures on two sides have obvious tearing traces due to the defects of holes and the like, good metallurgical bonding is realized, and the interface strengthening phase is MgZn2. The shear strength of the composite board reaches 80% of that of the ZK60 magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength of the composite board reaches 98% of that of the ZK60 magnesium board matrix, the elongation reaches 98% of that of the magnesium board matrix, and the internal and external bending angle limit can reach 155 degrees without cracking.
Example 4:
the material of aluminum alloy plate is 6061 aluminum alloy, aluminum plate size: 300 multiplied by 20mm, the material of the magnesium alloy plate is AZ31 magnesium alloy, and the size of the magnesium plate is as follows: 300X 40 mm; the intermediate layer had a composition of Zn95Al and had dimensions of 300X 0.1 mm. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate and an intermediate layer, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking the plates in the sequence of aluminum/middle layer/magnesium, drilling holes on the periphery of the blank and fixing the blank by using aluminum rivets to ensure that the plates are tightly attached; placing the composite blank on a roller way, setting the induction heating temperature to 460 ℃, and enabling the composite blank to pass through an induction heating device at the speed of 1m/s and enter a rolling mill; setting the asynchronous ratio of rolling on two sides of magnesium and aluminum to be 1.2, setting the first pass reduction rate to be 5%, the second, third, fourth and fifth pass reduction rates to be 20%, 20% and 28% respectively, and the total reduction rate to be 65%, and cooling the rolled product to room temperature in air; and (3) carrying out heat treatment at 150 ℃ after rolling for 15min to obtain the aluminum/magnesium composite board. The results of the structure and performance analysis show that the composite interface is straight, has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like, the shear fractures on two sides have obvious tearing traces, good metallurgical bonding is realized, and the interface strengthening phase is M2And (3) Si. The shear strength of the composite board reaches 75% of that of an AZ31 magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength of the composite board reaches 94.5% of that of an AZ31 magnesium board matrix, the elongation of the composite board reaches 94.5% of that of the magnesium board matrix, and the inner and outer bending angle limit can reach 135-degree interfaces without cracking.
Example 5:
the material of aluminum alloy plate is 7050 aluminum alloy, and the aluminum plate size: 300 multiplied by 16mm, the material of the magnesium alloy plate is ZK60 magnesium alloy, and the size of the magnesium plate is as follows: 300X 50 mm; the intermediate layer component Zn65Al20Cu, the size is 300X 0.1 mm. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate and an intermediate layer, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking in the order of aluminum/middle layer/magnesium, drilling holes around the blankAnd fixed by aluminum rivets to ensure the close fit between the plates; placing the composite blank on a roller way, setting the induction heating temperature to be 500 ℃, and enabling the composite blank to pass through an induction heating device at the speed of 1m/s and enter a rolling mill; setting the asynchronous ratio of rolling on two sides of magnesium and aluminum to be 1.3, the first pass reduction rate to be 5%, the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth pass reduction rates to be 20%, 20% and 22.9% respectively, the total reduction rate to be 70%, and cooling to room temperature after rolling; and (4) keeping the temperature of the heat treatment after rolling at 150 ℃ for 15min to obtain the aluminum/magnesium composite board. The results of the structure and performance analysis show that the composite interface is straight, has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like, the shear fractures on two sides have obvious tearing traces, good metallurgical bonding is realized, and the interface strengthening phase is MgZn2. The shear strength of the composite board reaches 71.5 percent of that of the AZ31 magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength of the composite board reaches 90 percent of that of the AZ31 magnesium board matrix, the elongation reaches 91 percent of that of the magnesium board matrix, and the inner and outer bending angle limit can reach 103 degrees without cracking.
Example 6:
the material of aluminum alloy plate is 7050 aluminum alloy, and the aluminum plate size: 300 multiplied by 12mm, the material of the magnesium alloy plate is ZK60 magnesium alloy, and the size of the magnesium plate is as follows: 300X 36 mm; the intermediate layer component was Zn65Al20Cu, and the dimensions were 300X 0.2 mm. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate and an intermediate layer, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking the plates in the sequence of aluminum/middle layer/magnesium, drilling holes at four corners of the blank and fixing the blank by using aluminum rivets to ensure that the plates are tightly attached; placing the composite blank on a roller way, setting the induction heating temperature to be 500 ℃, and enabling the composite blank to pass through an induction heating device at the speed of 1m/s and enter a rolling mill; setting the asynchronous ratio of the two sides of magnesium and aluminum to be 1.3, the first pass reduction rate to be 6%, the second, third, fourth and fifth pass reduction rates to be 20%, 20% and 16.9% respectively, the total reduction rate to be 60%, and cooling the rolled product to room temperature in air; and (3) carrying out heat treatment at 100 ℃ after rolling for 20min to obtain the aluminum/magnesium composite board. The results of the structure and performance analysis show that the composite interface is straight, has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like, the shear fractures on two sides have obvious tearing traces, good metallurgical bonding is realized, and the interface strengthening phase is MgZn2. The shear strength of the composite board reaches 79 percent of that of the base body of the ZK60 magnesium board, and the tensile strength of the composite board reaches ZK60 magnesium board96.5% of the matrix, the elongation of the magnesium plate matrix reaches 97%, and the interface is not cracked when the limit of the internal and external bending angles reaches 145 degrees.
Example 7:
the material of aluminum alloy plate is 7050 aluminum alloy, and the aluminum plate size: 300 multiplied by 12mm, the material of the magnesium alloy plate is ZK60 magnesium alloy, and the size of the magnesium plate is as follows: 300X 36 mm; the intermediate layer component was Zn65Al20Cu, and the dimensions were 300X 0.2 mm. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate and an intermediate layer, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking the plates in the sequence of aluminum/middle layer/magnesium, drilling holes at four corners of the blank and fixing the blank by using aluminum rivets to ensure that the plates are tightly attached; placing the composite blank on a roller way, setting the induction heating temperature to be 500 ℃, and enabling the composite blank to pass through an induction heating device at the speed of 1m/s and enter a rolling mill; setting the asynchronous ratio of the two sides of magnesium and aluminum to be 1.3, the first pass reduction rate to be 8%, the second, third, fourth and fifth pass reduction rates to be 20%, 20% and 15.1% respectively, the total reduction rate to be 60%, and cooling the rolled product to room temperature in air; and (3) carrying out heat treatment at 180 ℃ after rolling for 10min to obtain the aluminum/magnesium composite board. The results of the structure and performance analysis show that the composite interface is straight, has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like, the shear fractures on two sides have obvious tearing traces, good metallurgical bonding is realized, and the interface strengthening phase is MgZn2. The shear strength of the composite board reaches 78.5 percent of that of the ZK60 magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength of the composite board reaches 97 percent of that of the ZK60 magnesium board matrix, the elongation reaches 96 percent of that of the magnesium board matrix, and the inner and outer bending angle limit can reach 148-degree interfaces without cracking.
Comparative example 1: the magnesium/aluminum composite board is prepared by adopting a traditional rolling compounding method of heating in a resistance furnace and synchronous rolling without an intermediate layer.
The aluminum alloy plate is 1060 industrial pure aluminum, and the aluminum plate has the following dimensions: 300 multiplied by 20mm, the material of the magnesium alloy plate is AZ31 magnesium alloy, and the size of the magnesium plate is as follows: 300X 20 mm. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate and a magnesium plate, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking the plates in the sequence of aluminum/magnesium, drilling holes at four corners of the blank, and fixing the blank by using aluminum rivets to ensure that the plates are tightly attached; and (3) placing the composite blank in a resistance furnace, heating to 410 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 90 min. Then, synchronous rolling is carried out, the total rolling reduction rate is 50%, the first pass is 20%, the total number of passes is 4, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after rolling; the heat treatment temperature after rolling is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 1 h. The results of the structure and performance analysis show that cracks exist in the composite interface, a large number of interface products are distributed along the cracks, the partial area of the interface is not fused, the shear fractures on the two sides are smooth, no obvious tearing trace exists, the metallographic picture of the obtained composite plate is shown in fig. 4, the appearance of the shear fractures is shown in fig. 5, the fig. 5(a) is an aluminum side, and the fig. 5(b) is a magnesium side. The shear strength of the composite board reaches 25% of that of the AZ31 magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength of the composite board reaches 35% of that of the AZ31 magnesium board matrix, the elongation of the composite board reaches 28% of that of the magnesium board matrix, and the interface cracks when the internal and external bending angles are 45 degrees.
Comparative example 2: in comparison with example 3, this comparative example adjusted the first pass reduction to 20% without changing other conditions.
The material of aluminum alloy plate is 7050 aluminum alloy, and the aluminum plate size: 300 multiplied by 12mm, the material of the magnesium alloy plate is ZK60 magnesium alloy, and the size of the magnesium plate is as follows: 300X 36 mm; the intermediate layer component was Zn65Al20Cu, and the dimensions were 300X 0.2 mm. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate and an intermediate layer, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking the plates in the sequence of aluminum/middle layer/magnesium, drilling holes at four corners of the blank and fixing the blank by using aluminum rivets to ensure that the plates are tightly attached; placing the composite blank on a roller way, setting the induction heating temperature to be 500 ℃, and enabling the composite blank to pass through an induction heating device at the speed of 1m/s and enter a rolling mill; setting the asynchronous ratio of the two sides of magnesium and aluminum to be 1.3, setting the first pass reduction rate to be 20%, the second, third and fourth pass reduction rates to be 20%, 20% and 21.8% respectively, setting the total reduction rate to be 60%, and cooling the rolled product to room temperature in air; the temperature of the heat treatment after rolling is 150 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 15 min. The results of the structure and performance analysis show that the composite interface is straight and has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like, the shear fractures on two sides have obvious tearing traces, and compared with the embodiment 3, the first pass reduction rate is too large, the head and the tail of the composite plate have obvious edge cracks, and the yield is reduced.
Comparative example 3: this comparative example adjusted the annealing temperature to 300 ℃ compared to example 3, and the other conditions were unchanged.
The aluminum alloy plate is made of 7050 aluminum alloy, and the size of the aluminum plate is as follows: 300X 12mm, the magnesium alloy plate is made of ZK60 magnesium alloyPlate size: 300X 36 mm; the intermediate layer component was Zn65Al20Cu, and the dimensions were 300X 0.2 mm. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate and an intermediate layer, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking the plates in the sequence of aluminum/middle layer/magnesium, drilling holes at four corners of the blank and fixing the blank by using aluminum rivets to ensure that the plates are tightly attached; placing the composite blank on a roller way, setting the induction heating temperature to be 500 ℃, and enabling the composite blank to pass through an induction heating device at the speed of 1m/s and enter a rolling mill; setting the asynchronous ratio of the two sides of magnesium and aluminum to be 1.3, setting the first-pass reduction rate to be 5%, the second-pass reduction rate, the third-pass reduction rate, the fourth-pass reduction rate and the fifth-pass reduction rate to be 20%, 20% and 17.8% respectively, setting the total reduction rate to be 60%, and cooling the rolled product to room temperature in air; the temperature of the heat treatment after rolling is 300 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 min. The results of structure and performance analysis show that the composite interface is relatively straight and has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like, but the thickness of a diffusion layer is sharply increased due to high annealing temperature, and a large amount of hard and brittle intermetallic compounds Al are formed by elements on two sides of the interface3Mg2And Mg17Al12The two-side shearing fracture is smooth and flat without obvious tearing trace. The shear strength of the composite board reaches 55% of that of the ZK60 magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength of the composite board reaches 73% of that of the ZK60 magnesium board matrix, the elongation reaches 71% of that of the magnesium board matrix, and the interface cracks when the limit of the internal and external bending angles reaches 70 degrees.
Comparative example 4: this comparative example adjusted the total reduction rate to 80% compared with example 3, and the other conditions were not changed.
The material of aluminum alloy plate is 7050 aluminum alloy, and the aluminum plate size: 300 multiplied by 12mm, the material of the magnesium alloy plate is ZK60 magnesium alloy, and the size of the magnesium plate is as follows: 300X 36 mm; the intermediate layer component was Zn65Al20Cu, and the dimensions were 300X 0.2 mm. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate and an intermediate layer, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking the plates in the sequence of aluminum/middle layer/magnesium, drilling holes at four corners of the blank and fixing the blank by using aluminum rivets to ensure that the plates are tightly attached; placing the composite blank on a roller way, setting the induction heating temperature to be 500 ℃, and enabling the composite blank to pass through an induction heating device at the speed of 1m/s and enter a rolling mill; setting the asynchronous ratio of the two sides of magnesium and aluminum to be 1.3, setting the first pass reduction rate to be 5%, the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth pass reduction rates to be 20%, 20% and 19.7% respectively, setting the total reduction rate to be 80%, and cooling the rolled product to room temperature in air; the temperature of the heat treatment after rolling is 150 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 min. The structure and performance analysis result shows that the composite interface is straight and has no defects of cracks, air holes and the like, the shear fractures on two sides have obvious tearing traces, the shear strength of the composite plate reaches 65 percent of that of the ZK60 magnesium plate matrix, the tensile strength of the composite plate reaches 84 percent of that of the ZK60 magnesium plate matrix, the elongation reaches 83 percent of that of the magnesium plate matrix, and the interface is cracked when the limit of the internal and external bending angles reaches 85 degrees.
Comparative example 5: this comparative example uses an interlayer material with a lower melting point than example 3, and the other conditions are unchanged.
The material of aluminum alloy plate is 7050 aluminum alloy, and the aluminum plate size: 300 multiplied by 12mm, the material of the magnesium alloy plate is ZK60 magnesium alloy, and the size of the magnesium plate is as follows: 300X 36 mm; the middle layer is ZnSn72 with a size of 300 × 300 × 0.2mm, and the melting point of the middle layer is 200 deg.C. Firstly, polishing the surfaces of an aluminum plate, a magnesium plate and an intermediate layer, and removing an oxide layer and oil stains; stacking the plates in the sequence of aluminum/middle layer/magnesium, drilling holes at four corners of the blank and fixing the blank by using aluminum rivets to ensure that the plates are tightly attached; placing the composite blank on a roller way, setting the induction heating temperature to be 250 ℃, and enabling the composite blank to pass through an induction heating device at the speed of 1m/s and enter a rolling mill; setting the asynchronous ratio of the two sides of magnesium and aluminum to be 1.3, setting the first-pass reduction rate to be 5%, the second-pass reduction rate, the third-pass reduction rate, the fourth-pass reduction rate and the fifth-pass reduction rate to be 20%, 20% and 17.8% respectively, setting the total reduction rate to be 60%, and cooling the rolled product to room temperature in air; the temperature of the heat treatment after rolling is 150 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 15 min. The results of the tissue and performance analysis show that a large amount of brittle products remain on the composite interface, the interface is wavy, the shear fractures on two sides are smooth and flat, and no obvious tearing trace exists. The shear strength of the composite board reaches 30% of that of the ZK60 magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength of the composite board reaches 42% of that of the ZK60 magnesium board matrix, the elongation reaches 40% of that of the magnesium board matrix, and the interface cracks when the limit of the internal and external bending angles reaches 55 degrees. Compared with the embodiment 3, because the intermediate layer material with a lower melting point is used, the fluidity is poorer, the melted intermediate layer material is not uniformly distributed on the interface, a large amount of brittle products remain on the interface, and when the composite board is stressed, the brittle products can become crack sources, so that the interface bonding performance of the aluminum/magnesium composite board is seriously reduced.
Claims (7)
1. An asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for preparing an aluminum/magnesium composite plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing raw materials: selecting an aluminum alloy plate, a magnesium alloy plate and a zinc-based intermediate layer which are equal in length and width, wherein the zinc-based intermediate layer is Zn-Al series or Zn-Sn series, and the melting point range is 300-420oC；
(2) Surface treatment and assembly of raw materials: cleaning the surfaces of an aluminum alloy plate, a magnesium alloy plate and a zinc-based intermediate layer, and removing oil stains and an oxidation layer; then, the clean surfaces to be compounded are opposite, the surfaces are overlapped according to the sequence of aluminum alloy/intermediate layer/magnesium alloy, the surfaces are ensured to be tightly attached, and the head and the tail of the overlapped blank are fixed to obtain a compound blank;
(3) online induction heating of the composite blank: placing the composite blank on a conveying roller way, enabling the composite blank to quickly pass through an electromagnetic induction heating coil without stopping in the middle, enabling the speed of the roller way to be 0.8-3 m/s, enabling the composite blank to quickly melt through the middle layer of the induction coil, and enabling the heating temperature to be 410-550 DEG CoC, obtaining a heated composite blank;
(4) asynchronous rolling: the heated composite blank is quickly fed into a rolling mill for asynchronous rolling, under the action of rolling force, a liquid metal film and an oxide film on the surface of aluminum and magnesium are quickly extruded out to the tail part, clean magnesium and aluminum surfaces are quickly contacted at a lower temperature, the rolling asynchronization ratio of the magnesium side to the aluminum side is 1.1-1.3, the rolling total reduction rate is 50-70%, the first pass reduction rate is 5-8%, and the single pass reduction rate of the 2 nd to last passes is 10-30%;
(5) heat treatment after rolling: carrying out heat treatment on the rolled aluminum/magnesium composite board to regulate and control the properties of a magnesium alloy, an aluminum alloy and an interface of the aluminum/magnesium composite board to obtain the aluminum/magnesium composite board, wherein the heat treatment temperature after rolling is 100-180 DEGoC, keeping the temperature for 1-20 min, and enabling the prepared aluminum/magnesium composite board to be flat in shape, flat in interface and free of cracks and air hole defects on the composite interface; the unevenness in the thickness range is less than or equal to 2mm/m, the thickness range of the aluminum/magnesium composite plate is 1-50 mm, and the shearing of the interface of the aluminum/magnesium composite plateThe strength of the composite board is 70-80% of that of the magnesium board matrix, the tensile strength of the composite board is 90-98% of that of the magnesium board matrix, the elongation of the composite board is 90-98% of that of the magnesium board matrix, the inner and outer bending angles of the composite board are 90-155 degrees, and macroscopic cracking does not exist on an interface.
2. The asynchronous rolling-partial liquid phase compounding method for manufacturing an aluminum/magnesium composite panel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the aluminum alloy panel is 2000 series, 6000 series or 7000 series, pure aluminum, 1000 series, 3000 series, 4000 series or 5000 series.
3. The asynchronous rolling-partial liquid phase cladding method for manufacturing an aluminum/magnesium composite panel according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the magnesium alloy panel is a pure magnesium panel, a cast magnesium alloy panel or a wrought magnesium alloy panel.
4. The asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for manufacturing aluminum/magnesium composite plates according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is 1-50 mm, the thickness of the magnesium alloy plate is 1-50 mm, and the thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.05-2 mm.
5. The asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for preparing the aluminum/magnesium composite plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the rolling total reduction rate is 55-65%.
6. The asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for preparing the aluminum/magnesium composite plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the heat preservation time is 10-20 min.
7. The asynchronous rolling-local liquid phase compounding method for preparing the aluminum/magnesium composite plate according to the claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the prepared aluminum/magnesium composite plate has the shear strength of 75-80% of the magnesium plate matrix at the interface, the tensile strength of 93.5-98% of the magnesium plate matrix, the elongation of 93-98% of the magnesium plate matrix, the internal and external bending angles of 132-155 degrees, and no macroscopic cracking at the interface.
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