CN116809680A - Preparation method of titanium-aluminum composite sheet material - Google Patents
Preparation method of titanium-aluminum composite sheet material Download PDFInfo
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- CN116809680A CN116809680A CN202310770944.6A CN202310770944A CN116809680A CN 116809680 A CN116809680 A CN 116809680A CN 202310770944 A CN202310770944 A CN 202310770944A CN 116809680 A CN116809680 A CN 116809680A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010039 TiAl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- -1 titanium aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003454 tympanic membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a titanium-aluminum composite sheet material, which comprises the following steps: selecting a titanium plate and an aluminum plate; determining the areas of an original titanium plate and an original aluminum plate based on a volume invariance principle according to the size of the required composite plate; respectively carrying out surface treatment on the titanium plate and the aluminum plate; spreading aluminum powder on the surface of the treated titanium plate or aluminum plate, and then placing a corresponding aluminum plate or titanium plate; placing the sandwich structure in a vacuum heating furnace for heat preservation; the aluminum powder and the titanium plate are partially fused by heat generated by spontaneous combustion of the aluminum powder, and heat preservation is carried out for enough time to enable atoms to mutually diffuse, so that the titanium plate and the aluminum plate are tightly combined; carrying out multi-pass asynchronous rolling on the tightly combined titanium-aluminum composite plate, and gradually reducing rolling reduction of the subsequent pass; and (3) annealing the composite blank, eliminating residual stress and work hardening, and removing surface oxide. The invention can prepare the titanium-aluminum composite board with small thickness and large area, improves the processing quality and the utilization rate, saves titanium with aluminum and reduces the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and relates to a preparation method of a titanium-aluminum composite sheet material.
Background
Titanium and its alloys have high specific strength, good heat and corrosion resistance, and excellent biocompatibility, and thus have a great application market in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, and medicine. Although the content rank of titanium in the crust is tenth, the smelting technical requirement of titanium is higher, and no breakthrough is yet made at present. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of titanium and titanium alloy is too high, so that the application range of the titanium and titanium alloy is limited, and aluminum is used as a matrix, and titanium is used as a composite board formed by a reinforcing phase, so that on one hand, the use amount of titanium can be reduced, and the cost is greatly reduced by using aluminum to save titanium; on the other hand, the composite board can give consideration to the advantages of the aluminum plate, give play to the low density and high heat conductivity coefficient of the aluminum plate, and the titanium plate has high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance and meets the requirement of light weight. However, as the two metals of titanium and aluminum have very different mechanical properties and the plastic processing technology of titanium materials is complex, the deformation coordination in the subsequent processing and synthesis is difficult to solve, and the current industrial production is also difficult to realize. Therefore, finding a process technology and equipment capable of manufacturing excellent titanium-aluminum composite laminates has important significance in meeting the industrial production.
The current light plate thickness is generally thicker, and can only meet the requirements of using larger and thicker devices such as mobile phones, computer shells, automobile hubs and the like, but cannot meet the requirements of higher requirements such as acoustic tympanic membrane, magnetic shielding of a transmission annunciator and the like, and the research of China in ultrathin light plates is not quite large. For the preparation of ultrathin plate, it is difficult to obtain by adopting conventional extrusion mode or even explosion molding, in other cases, the titanium alloy crystal structure is in a close-packed hexagonal structure, and the slippage system is only 3, so that a large amount of deformation is difficult to occur under the condition of room temperature, and in the hot rolling process, the temperature is reduced quickly because of the excessive thinness of the plate, the temperature control is difficult to ensure, the cracking of the processing surface is caused, the edge crack is caused at the side, and the plate layer dislocation exists in the rolling process, so that the rejection rate of the plate is high, the utilization rate is reduced, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the preparation method of the titanium-aluminum composite sheet material, which has small thickness and large area, improves the processing quality and the utilization rate, saves titanium with aluminum, reduces the cost and solves the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the titanium-aluminum composite sheet material comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a titanium plate and an aluminum plate;
step 2, determining the areas of the original titanium plate and the original aluminum plate based on the principle of unchanged volume according to the size of the required composite plate; respectively carrying out surface treatment on the titanium plate and the aluminum plate;
step 3, spreading aluminum powder with the particle size of 800-1000 meshes on the surface of the treated titanium plate or the aluminum plate, and then placing the corresponding aluminum plate or titanium plate; placing the sandwich structure formed by the aluminum plate, the aluminum powder and the titanium plate in a vacuum heating furnace for 3-5 hours of heat preservation treatment, wherein the temperature is 550-580 ℃; the aluminum powder and the titanium plate are partially fused by heat generated by spontaneous combustion of the aluminum powder clamped between the titanium plate and the aluminum plate, and atoms are mutually diffused, so that the titanium plate and the aluminum plate are tightly combined;
step 4, carrying out multi-pass asynchronous rolling on the tightly combined titanium-aluminum composite plate, and gradually reducing rolling reduction of the subsequent pass;
and 5, annealing the composite blank finished in the step 4, eliminating residual stress and work hardening, and removing surface oxide to obtain the composite blank.
Further, in the step 1, the aluminum plate is selected from one of the brands 1100, 5083, 6061 or 7075, and the titanium plate is one of pure titanium plate of alpha, beta or alpha+beta, or titanium alloy plate series.
Further, in the step 1, the thickness of the titanium plate is not more than 3mm, and the thickness of the aluminum plate is 3-5 mm.
Further, in the step 2, the surface treatment of the titanium plate and the aluminum plate includes: removing surface oxide skin by sand blasting, cleaning and drying by alcohol, and removing surface greasy dirt by ultrasonic cleaning by acetone.
Further, in the step 3, the vacuum degree is not lower than 10 -2 Pa。
Further, in the step 3, the aluminum powder is spread by spraying with a powder gun, random hand spreading or line-by-line spreading.
Further, in the step 4, the temperature of asynchronous rolling is 400-420 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-20 min, the rolling speed is 5-10 mm/s, the rolling force is 200-300 MPa, the first rolling reduction rate is selected to be 50-60%, 3-8 times of hot rolling is continuously carried out according to the thickness of the composite plate, and the rolling reduction is gradually reduced to 10-20%.
In step 4, after each pass of asynchronous rolling, the composite blank is put into a vacuum furnace, annealed for 0.5-1 h at 350-380 ℃, and then subjected to the next pass of asynchronous rolling.
Further, in the step 5, the composite blank finished in the step 4 is annealed at 300-320 ℃ for 1-2 hours to eliminate residual stress and work hardening.
Further, the thickness of the prepared titanium-aluminum composite sheet is not more than 0.1mm, and the width of the composite board is 0.01 m-1.5 m.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention adopts the local fusion in a specific mode, skillfully utilizes the exothermic reaction of aluminum powder to solve the problem of poor bonding strength of cold joint and common rolling, and utilizes the diffusion and the grain boundary sliding among atoms to compensate the problem of poor plastic deformation of the titanium alloy; further solves the problem that the common rolling of heterogeneous materials is easy to crack by an asynchronous rolling technology. The thickness of the ultrathin composite board is not more than 0.1mm, the area of the composite board is large, the flatness of the composite board is ensured, no hollowness and edge crack are generated, and the quality of the ultrathin composite board is improved; the yield strength and the tensile strength at room temperature respectively reach 180MPa and 210MPa, and the elongation reaches 17.8%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an asynchronous rolling technique in an embodiment of the invention; wherein (a) is the same-diameter asynchronous rolling, (b) is rolling with different friction coefficients of upper and lower rollers, and (c) is the different-diameter asynchronous rolling.
FIG. 3 is an SEM and EDS analysis chart of the Ti/Al composite sheet interface prepared in example 1 of the present invention; wherein (a) is a Ti/Al composite sheet interface SEM, (b) is a partial enlarged view of (a), (c) is a partial enlarged view of (b), and (d) is a Ti/Al composite sheet interface EDS analysis chart.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the case of example 1,
the preparation method of the titanium-aluminum composite sheet material, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting raw materials, wherein the components of the composite board can be pure metal alloy or alloy according to performance requirements. Such as an aluminum plate selected from one of 1100, 5083, 6061 and 7075. The titanium plate is mainly one of pure titanium plate or titanium alloy plate series of alpha, beta or alpha+beta. In the embodiment, the titanium plate is an alpha pure titanium plate with the thickness of 3mm; the aluminum plate number is 1100, and the thickness of the aluminum plate is 4mm.
And 2, preprocessing, namely determining the sizes of the original titanium plate and the aluminum plate according to the size of the required composite plate and the volume invariance principle, wherein the sizes also accord with the working size of a rolling mill. And then respectively carrying out surface treatment on the plate, removing surface oxide skin by sand blasting, cleaning and drying by alcohol, and removing surface greasy dirt by ultrasonic cleaning by acetone.
Step 3, vacuum diffusion connection, spreading aluminum powder with the particle size of 900 meshes on the titanium plate selected in the step 2, then placing an aluminum plate, and placing the aluminum plateIn a vacuum heating furnace (vacuum degree 10) -2 Pa), carrying out heat preservation treatment for 4 hours at 560 ℃, locally fusing the titanium plate and the aluminum plate by using heat generated by spontaneous combustion of aluminum powder clamped between the two plates, and then carrying out heat preservation for a long time to enable atoms to mutually diffuse, thereby achieving relatively tight combination.
Step 4, asynchronous rolling, wherein the rolling process is shown in fig. 2, and the rolling temperature, rolling reduction and rolling pass in the rolling process have very important influence on the plate structure and organization, so that reasonable control of the parameters is a key point of the process. The heating temperature is too high, the grain size of the aluminum plate can be abnormally grown, the grain size is coarsened, the mechanical property of the composite material is deteriorated, and the titanium plate can be spontaneous combustion or strong oxidation; the heating temperature is too low, the plastic deformation performance of the titanium plate is not improved, cracks are easy to generate in the rolling process, and the titanium plate is broken.
In this example, the rolling temperature was selected to be 410℃and the holding time was 18 minutes. Moreover, as the rolling of the titanium in the composite material is difficult due to poor plasticity, when the rolling reduction is too small to reach the critical reduction rate, the plates are not compounded, and the plates are separated, so that the reduction rate is selected to be larger; and the rolling pressure cannot be too high due to poor plasticity, so that the material is easy to crack due to excessive rolling pressure, the factors such as rolling temperature, time and the like are synthesized, the actual operation is performed, the rolling speed is 8mm/s, the rolling force is 250MPa, the rolling reduction rate is 55%, and the composite blank I is obtained after rolling for 1 time.
Placing the composite blank I into a vacuum furnace (vacuum degree not less than 10) -1 Pa) at 350 ℃, for 1h, which is beneficial to the diffusion of atoms of respective plates, increases the bonding strength of the plates and is beneficial to the improvement of plastic deformation. And (3) subsequently carrying out 2-pass rolling on the annealed composite blank I at 410 ℃ for 15min, taking out, and controlling the rolling reduction to be 40% to obtain a composite blank II.
Placing the composite blank II into a vacuum furnace (vacuum degree not less than 10) -1 Pa) at 350 ℃ for 1h, which is beneficial to the diffusion of atoms of respective plates and increases the mutual diffusion of the platesThe bonding strength is also advantageous for improving plastic deformation. And (3) carrying out 3-pass rolling on the annealed composite blank II at 410 ℃ for 15min, taking out, and controlling the rolling reduction to be 30% to obtain a composite blank III.
The hot rolling of the 4 th and 5 th passes can be continued according to the thickness of the composite plate, but the rolling reduction of the subsequent passes is gradually reduced to 20%, 10% and the like, otherwise, the edge is easy to crack.
And 5, post-treatment, namely annealing the composite blank III finished in the step 4 at 320 ℃ for 2 hours to eliminate residual stress and work hardening. And (3) carrying out the 4 th-pass hot rolling, repeating the step (5), carrying out the 5 th-pass hot rolling, removing surface oxide by mechanical rough grinding, sand blasting, chemical corrosion and other methods, and finally obtaining the titanium-aluminum composite plate.
The size of the titanium-aluminum composite plate manufactured by the embodiment is 300mm multiplied by 2000mm multiplied by 0.1mm, the thickness of the overplating layer is not more than 1 micron, the yield strength and the tensile strength at room temperature respectively reach 180MPa and 210MPa, and the elongation reaches 17.8%. Interface SEM and EDS analysis, as shown in fig. 3; (a) The thickness change of the aluminum plate and the titanium plate after 3 passes of rolling is shown by 0.2mm and 0.54mm, and the strength of titanium is large, so the change is small; (c) Middle line represents the line scan along the interface, i.e., the scribe line portion is the path of the electronic scan; as can be seen from (d), in addition to the main alloying elements of titanium and aluminum, the other alloying elements are small amounts contained in the material.
In the case of example 2,
the preparation method of the titanium-aluminum composite sheet material comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a titanium plate and an aluminum plate, wherein the aluminum plate is selected from pure titanium plates with the marks 7075, the titanium plate is alpha+beta, the thickness of the titanium plate is 2mm, and the thickness of the aluminum plate is 3mm;
step 2, preprocessing; the size of the original titanium plate and aluminum plate is determined according to the size of the required composite plate and the volume invariance principle, and the size also accords with the working size of a rolling mill. And then respectively carrying out surface treatment on the plate, removing surface oxide skin by sand blasting, cleaning and drying by alcohol, and removing surface greasy dirt by ultrasonic cleaning by acetone.
Step 3, vacuum diffusion connection; and (2) scattering aluminum powder with the particle size of 800 meshes on the titanium plate selected in the step (2), then placing the aluminum plate, and placing the aluminum plate in a vacuum heating furnace (vacuum degree 10) -3 Pa) at 550 ℃ for 5 hours, utilizing heat generated by spontaneous combustion of aluminum powder clamped between a titanium plate and an aluminum plate to locally fuse the two, and then carrying out heat preservation for a long time to enable atoms to mutually diffuse, thereby achieving closer combination.
Step 4, asynchronous rolling; the rolling temperature is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, the rolling speed is 5mm/s, the rolling force is 200MPa, the rolling reduction rate is 50%, and the composite blank I is obtained by rolling for 1 time.
The composite blank I was placed in a vacuum furnace (vacuum 10) -1 Pa) at 360 ℃ for 0.8h, carrying out 400 ℃ for 15min on the annealed composite blank I, taking out, controlling the rolling reduction to 40% and carrying out 2-pass rolling to obtain a composite blank II.
The composite blank II was placed in a vacuum furnace (vacuum degree 10) -1 Pa) at 360 ℃ for 0.8h, carrying out 400 ℃ on the annealed composite blank II, keeping the temperature for 15min, taking out, controlling the rolling reduction to be 30%, and carrying out 3-pass rolling to obtain the composite blank III.
The composite blank III was placed in a vacuum furnace (vacuum degree 10) -1 Pa) at 360 ℃ for 0.8h, carrying out 400 ℃ for 15min on the annealed composite blank III, taking out, controlling the rolling reduction to be 25%, and carrying out 4-pass rolling to obtain a composite blank IV.
The composite blank IV was placed in a vacuum furnace (vacuum degree 10) -1 Pa) at 360 ℃ for 0.8h, carrying out 400 ℃ on the annealed composite blank IV, keeping the temperature for 15min, taking out, and carrying out 5-pass rolling by controlling the rolling reduction to be 25 percent to obtain the composite blank V.
The composite blank V was placed in a vacuum furnace (vacuum degree 10) -1 Pa) at 360 ℃ for 0.8h, carrying out 400 ℃ for 15min on the annealed composite blank V, taking out, controlling the rolling reduction to be 25%, and carrying out 6-pass rolling to obtain a composite blank VI.
The composite blank VI was placed in a vacuum furnace (vacuum degree 10) -1 Pa) at 360 ℃ for 0.8h, carrying out 400 ℃ for 15min on the annealed composite blank VI, taking out, controlling the rolling reduction to 25% and carrying out 7-pass rolling to obtain the composite blank VII.
The composite blank VII was placed in a vacuum furnace (vacuum degree 10) -1 Pa) at 360 ℃ for 0.8h, carrying out 400 ℃ for 15min on the annealed composite blank VII, taking out, and carrying out 8-pass rolling by controlling the rolling reduction to be 20 percent to obtain the composite blank VII.
And 5, post-treatment, namely annealing the composite blank VII finished in the step 4 at 310 ℃ for 1.5 hours to eliminate residual stress and work hardening. And then removing surface oxide by mechanical rough grinding, sand blasting, chemical corrosion and other methods to finally obtain the titanium-aluminum composite board.
The titanium-aluminum composite plate prepared in this example had dimensions of 200mm×1000mm×0.05mm, tensile strength at room temperature of 203MPa and elongation of 15.1%.
In the case of example 3,
the preparation method of the titanium-aluminum composite sheet material comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a titanium plate and an aluminum plate, wherein the aluminum plate is selected from the brand 6061, the titanium plate is made of titanium alloy, the thickness of the titanium plate is 1mm, and the thickness of the aluminum plate is 5mm.
Step 2, preprocessing; the size of the original titanium plate and aluminum plate is determined according to the size of the required composite plate and the volume invariance principle, and the size also accords with the working size of a rolling mill. And then respectively carrying out surface treatment on the plate, removing surface oxide skin by sand blasting, cleaning and drying by alcohol, and removing surface greasy dirt by ultrasonic cleaning by acetone.
Step 3, vacuum diffusion connection; the aluminum plate selected in the step 2 was sprinkled with aluminum powder having a particle size of 1000 mesh, then placed with titanium plate, and placed in a vacuum heating furnace (vacuum degree 10 -5 Pa) at 580 deg.C for 3 hours, utilizing heat generated by spontaneous combustion of aluminum powder sandwiched between titanium plate and aluminum plate to locally fuse them, then preserving heat for a long time to make atoms mutually diffuse so as to attain the goal of relatively tight combination.
Step 4, asynchronous rolling; the rolling temperature is selected to be 420 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, the rolling speed is 10mm/s, the rolling force is 300MPa, the rolling reduction rate is selected to be 60%, and the composite blank I is obtained by rolling for 1 time.
The composite blank I was placed in a vacuum furnace (vacuum 10) -1 Pa) at 380 ℃ for 0.5h, carrying out 420 ℃ on the annealed composite blank I, keeping the temperature for 15min, taking out, controlling the rolling reduction to 40%, and carrying out 2-pass rolling to obtain a composite blank II.
The composite blank II was placed in a vacuum furnace (vacuum degree 10) -1 Pa) at 380 ℃ for 0.5h, carrying out 420 ℃ on the annealed composite blank II, keeping the temperature for 15min, taking out, controlling the rolling reduction to be 30%, and carrying out 3-pass rolling to obtain a composite blank III.
The above procedure was repeated 3 times to obtain a composite blank VI.
The composite blank VI was placed in a vacuum furnace (vacuum degree 10) -1 Pa) at 380 ℃ for 0.5h, carrying out 420 ℃ on the annealed composite blank VI, keeping the temperature for 15min, taking out, controlling the rolling reduction to be 20%, and carrying out 7-pass rolling to obtain a composite blank VII.
And 5, post-treatment, namely annealing the composite blank VII finished in the step 4 for 1 hour at 300 ℃ to eliminate residual stress and work hardening. And then removing surface oxide by mechanical rough grinding, sand blasting, chemical corrosion and other methods to finally obtain the titanium-aluminum composite board.
Titanium aluminum differs greatly from the crystal structure (aluminum is a face-centered cubic crystal structure, titanium is a close-packed hexagonal structure) or the basic performance (aluminum has a melting point of more than six hundred degrees, has better plasticity, titanium has a melting point of more than one thousand degrees, and has poorer plasticity) and is difficult to meet by common rolling technology (the same load, the same rolling speed and the same pinch roller are applied during rolling). To deform them synchronously, one of them cannot meet the requirement, and the other one will either crack or the deformation cannot be achieved; alternatively, the composite panel requires a difference in thickness between the two materials. The thickness of the composite plate in the embodiment of the invention is smaller, asynchronous rolling is adopted, and asynchronous rolling (Asymmetrical rolling, AR) is used for enabling the plate to deform unevenly under the upper and lower stress, and the three types of asynchronous rolling are the same-diameter asynchronous rolling, rolling with different friction coefficients of upper and lower rollers and different-diameter asynchronous rolling, as shown in fig. 2. The asynchronous rolling is characterized in that a rolling area is formed, so that the grains of the plate are finer and more uniform when the rolling reduction is the same, and the dynamic recrystallization is facilitated.
The particle size range of the aluminum powder scattered in the embodiment of the invention is 800-1000 meshes (the average particle size is about 10 microns), the particle size is too small, the surface energy is too large, and spontaneous combustion is easy; the particle size is too large, so that the heating temperature can not burn, and local high temperature can not be generated, thereby playing a role of spot welding; spot welding an aluminum plate and a titanium plate at local high temperature generated by spontaneous combustion in a heating furnace, wherein the using amount of spreading aluminum powder is 0.2-0.5 kg/m 2 If too much aluminum powder is scattered, the aluminum plate to be rolled may be melted or a brittle phase of titanium aluminum compound may be generated, resulting in deterioration of the service performance of the composite plate, while if too little, the corresponding weld points are too few, which is unfavorable for the subsequent rolling and affects the bonding strength, so that the aluminum powder is required to be scattered randomly between the titanium plate and the aluminum plate to form spot welding.
The titanium-aluminum composite plate prepared in this example had dimensions of 100mm×3000mm×0.03mm, a tensile strength of 280MPa at room temperature and an elongation of 13.1%.
In comparative example 1,
steps 4 to 5 are not performed as in steps 1 to 3 of example 1; or the movement of the metal particles on the contact surface of the plate is enhanced by heating, pressurizing and the like, so that the metal particles are mutually diffused into the opposite substrate. After the additional energy is removed, the movement capacity of the metal particles is reduced due to the interaction among the particles and the temperature reduction, so that part of the titanium particles moving into the aluminum matrix and the aluminum particles in the titanium matrix can not return to the original base material, and a diffusion layer is formed at a contact interface to obtain the titanium-aluminum composite board; the strength is low, and it is difficult to obtain a composite board with small thickness and large area.
Comparative example 2,
preparing a titanium-aluminum composite board by an explosion compounding method; namely, the titanium plate collides with the aluminum plate at an extremely high speed by high-pressure shock waves generated by explosion of the explosive, and the base plate is plastically deformed in the process, so that the titanium plate and the aluminum plate are combined together to form the composite plate. In the explosion compounding process, as the shock wave generated by explosion is extremely large, when the substrate is too thin, the impact force generated by the shock wave can cause the substrate to be broken, so that a composite plate cannot be formed, and the thickness of the plate is generally 6mm at the minimum, and a special device is required, so that the cost is high.
Comparative example 3,
preparing a titanium-aluminum composite board by a solid-liquid casting rolling method; the maximum shear strength of the titanium-aluminum composite board prepared by the technology reaches 108Mpa (Yan Shanda, et Al, adopts a casting-rolling method to prepare a Ti/Al composite board, the tensile strength reaches 172.3MPa, and TiAl3 hard and brittle phases locally appear at the interface); the technology firstly needs to melt the aluminum material, pour the aluminum material on a titanium plate, and then carry out rolling treatment after solidification, which needs to add smelting equipment, and more importantly, a hard and brittle TiAl intermetallic compound phase is easy to form at a bonding interface, thereby influencing the toughness of the composite plate.
Comparative example 4,
preparing a titanium-aluminum composite board by a rolling composite method; namely, the rolling pressure generated by the rolling machine is utilized to cause the metal plate to generate serious plastic deformation, so that the contact surface of the plate forms a bonding point to obtain the composite plate. If the titanium plate and the aluminum plate are subjected to homogenization heat treatment, surface cleaning, stacking, welding the ends, stacking the protection steel plates up and down, and coating an anti-adhesion layer (Al 2 O 3 Nano particles) and carrying out multi-pass hot rolling to obtain the titanium-aluminum composite ultrathin plate. The room temperature tensile strength reaches more than 200 MPa; the technology needs end welding, additionally increases a steel protective sleeve, and needs larger rolling force; the thickness of the thin plate is difficult to be less than 0.1 mm.
The embodiment of the invention can not lay alumina powder, the alumina powder is ceramic powder, the melting point is extremely high (about 1800 ℃ or above), and the spot welding effect is difficult to be achieved by the method of the embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment of the invention, aluminum powder can be sprayed by a powder gun, scattered randomly by hands, or scattered row by row like wheat seeds. The embodiment of the invention utilizes the exothermic reaction after aluminum combustion to achieve local spot welding, and does not form intermetallic compounds, so that hard particles cannot appear due to welding spots in the subsequent rolling process, and the uniformity of deformation is not affected. The welding spots are irregular due to non-uniformity, so that the combination of the composite board is facilitated. And these partial welds are transitional phases, and the subsequent strong rolling and diffusion of atoms at high temperature and mechanical engagement (or metallurgical bonding) are combined to achieve a true bond.
Prior art 1 (CN 108296288A) uses the arc generated by the instant discharge between the nanoparticle and the plate to melt the weld by applying a pulsed current, and is a partial point-by-point pulsed discharge weld, which requires a powerful pulsed power source, otherwise it is difficult to weld a point within a few seconds; in practical application, pulse power supply and pulse welding head are needed to be put into operation. The embodiment of the invention utilizes exothermic reaction generated by aluminum powder combustion to perform local fusion, can be completed at one time, can improve production efficiency, does not need point-by-point welding, and can realize high-quality combination even if individual points are not welded, and subsequent rolling and annealing at a certain temperature.
The existing composite board multipurpose explosion welding and rolling technology has the problems of large thickness of the board, special occasion and protection requirement, wavy interface, cold joint and crack and the like; the ultrathin composite board prepared by the embodiment of the invention has the thickness of not more than 0.1mm, and has the width of larger (0.01 m-1.5 m, depending on the length of a roller), namely the area is large, and meanwhile, the composite board has larger technical difficulties in ensuring uniformity (flatness), no hollowness and no edge crack. The embodiment of the invention adopts the local fusion in a specific mode, skillfully utilizes the exothermic reaction of the aluminum powder to solve the problem of poor bonding strength between the cold joint and the common rolling, and further solves the problem that the common rolling of the heterogeneous material is easy to crack by an asynchronous rolling technology; the asynchronous rolling and the multi-pass rolling temperature and rolling quantity control are obtained through a great deal of experimental study.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the titanium-aluminum composite sheet material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, selecting a titanium plate and an aluminum plate;
step 2, determining the areas of the original titanium plate and the original aluminum plate based on the principle of unchanged volume according to the size of the required composite plate; respectively carrying out surface treatment on the titanium plate and the aluminum plate;
step 3, spreading aluminum powder with the particle size of 800-1000 meshes on the surface of the treated titanium plate or the aluminum plate, and then placing the corresponding aluminum plate or titanium plate; placing the sandwich structure formed by the aluminum plate, the aluminum powder and the titanium plate in a vacuum heating furnace for 3-5 hours of heat preservation treatment, wherein the temperature is 550-580 ℃; the aluminum powder and the titanium plate are partially fused by heat generated by spontaneous combustion of the aluminum powder clamped between the titanium plate and the aluminum plate, and atoms are mutually diffused, so that the titanium plate and the aluminum plate are tightly combined;
step 4, carrying out multi-pass asynchronous rolling on the tightly combined titanium-aluminum composite plate, and gradually reducing rolling reduction of the subsequent pass;
and 5, annealing the composite blank finished in the step 4, eliminating residual stress and work hardening, and removing surface oxide to obtain the composite blank.
2. The method for producing a titanium-aluminum composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the aluminum plate is selected from one of the brands 1100, 5083, 6061 or 7075, and the titanium plate is one of the pure titanium plate of α, β or α+β, or the series of titanium alloy plates.
3. The method for preparing the titanium-aluminum composite sheet material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the thickness of the titanium plate is not more than 3mm, and the thickness of the aluminum plate is 3-5 mm.
4. The method for preparing a titanium-aluminum composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the surface treatment of the titanium plate and the aluminum plate comprises: removing surface oxide skin by sand blasting, cleaning and drying by alcohol, and removing surface greasy dirt by ultrasonic cleaning by acetone.
5. The method for producing a titanium aluminum composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the vacuum degree is not lower than 10 -2 Pa。
6. The method for preparing a titanium aluminum composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the aluminum powder is spread by spraying with a powder gun, random hand spreading or line-by-line spreading.
7. The method for preparing the titanium-aluminum composite sheet material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the temperature of asynchronous rolling is 400-420 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-20 min, the rolling speed is 5-10 mm/s, the rolling force is 200-300 MPa, the initial rolling reduction rate is selected to be 50-60%, the hot rolling is continuously carried out for 3-8 times according to the thickness of the composite sheet material, and the rolling reduction is gradually reduced to be 10-20%.
8. The method for preparing a titanium-aluminum composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, after each pass of asynchronous rolling, the composite blank is put into a vacuum furnace, annealed for 0.5-1 h at 350-380 ℃, and then subjected to the next pass of asynchronous rolling.
9. The method for producing a titanium aluminum composite sheet according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the composite blank obtained in the step 4 is annealed at 300 to 320 ℃ for 1 to 2 hours to eliminate residual stress and work hardening.
10. The preparation method of the titanium-aluminum composite sheet material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the thickness of the prepared titanium-aluminum composite sheet material is not more than 0.1mm, and the width of the composite sheet material is 0.01 m-1.5 m.
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