CN113278859B - 一种长使用寿命的硬质合金 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及硬质合金技术领域,具体涉及一种长使用寿命的硬质合金,其表面镀覆有涂层,该涂层包含双层结构,由结合层和表面层构成,所述结合层为AlCrSiM1N涂层,所述表面层为AlCrYN涂层;通过涂层和硬质合金基体的配合,极大的提升材料整体的耐磨损性能,同时保持良好的硬度和抗氧化性能,提升了硬质合金的使用寿命,降低了成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及硬质合金技术领域,具体涉及一种长使用寿命的硬质合金。
背景技术
硬质合金是由硬质难熔金属碳化物相和粘结金属相组成的烧结材料,具有高硬度、高强度、高弹性模量高、耐磨耐腐蚀性好等特点,广泛应用于各种切削工具、矿用工具和耐磨耐蚀零部件等。
一般在硬质合金表面镀覆涂层,硬质合金的涂层具有长使用寿命性、优异抗氧化性,提高了硬质合金的综合性能,改善了加工质量并降低了加工成本。AlCrN涂层具有优异的抗高温氧化性和较好的韧性,是切削刀具常用的涂层材料。
但随着切削工具、矿用工具等的发展,对现有的AlCrN涂层提出的更高的要求,如提高加工精度、延长刀具使用寿命、降低加工成本等。
比如专利CN 107130221 A公开了一种硬质合金多层梯度稀土复合涂层,包括:硬质合金为基体材料,含有TiCrN,TiAlN,TiBN和TiSiN涂层,以及稀土涂层,所述涂层呈多层梯度复合涂层,其中,稀土涂层涂于硬质合金表面以及TiCrN,TiAlN TiBN和TiSiN涂层之间。所述涂层从内到外次序为TiCrN、TiAlN,TiBN和TiSiN,所述TiCrN、TiAlN、TiBN和TiSiN涂层的厚度分别为3-5μm、6-12μm、7-15μm、10-30μm,所述TiCrN:TiA1N:TiBN:TiSiN涂层的质量比为0.5-1.0:1.0-1.5:1.5-3.0:2.0-5.0。
然而该方案中涂层繁多,各涂层之间的结合多少存在一定问题,整体结构复杂,不适于推广使用。
而且,现有的改性方法上仅关注在涂层上面,忽视了和硬质合金基体之间的配合。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供了一种长使用寿命的硬质合金,所述硬质合金镀覆有涂层,该涂层包含双层结构,由结合层和表面层构成,所述结合层为AlCrSiM1N涂层,所述表面层为AlCrYN涂层。
所述的M1为镧系金属元素,包括La、Ce、Pr、Nd中的一种或多种。
其中,AlCrSiM1N涂层和AlCrYN涂层厚度分别为0.5-3μm,优选1-2μm;
AlCrSiM1N涂层中,Al:Cr:Si:M1的原子比例为3-6:2-5:1-2:1-2;
AlCrYN涂层中,Al:Cr:Y的原子比例为4-6:3-5:1。
所述结合层镀覆在硬质合金表面。
进一步的,本发明提供了一种硬质合金,该硬质合金为WC-Co-M2硬质合金。
所述的M2为镧系金属元素,包括La、Ce、Pr、Nd中的一种或多种。
所述硬质合金中,WC-Co-M2的质量比例为84-96:2-6:2-10。
所述硬质合金的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)硬质合金表面清洗,硬质合金使用丙酮浸泡后超声清洗,然后进行离子刻蚀;
(2)维持离子镀设备内部温度在400-500℃,通入氮气,依次开启AlCrSiM1N靶和AlCrYN靶,将涂层镀覆到硬质合金表面;
其中,控制AlCrSiM1N涂层和AlCrYN涂层厚度分别为0.5-3μm,优选1-2μm;
AlCrSiM1N涂层中,Al:Cr:Si:M1的原子比例为3-6:2-5:1-2:1-2;
AlCrYN涂层中,Al:Cr:Y的原子比例为4-6:3-5:1。
与现有技术相比,本发明的长使用寿命涂层具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明不仅关注涂层,而是在改善涂层的同时注意涂层和硬质合金基体的配合,只需对硬质合金进行小幅度的改善,就可以极大的提升材料整体的耐磨损性能,同时保持良好的硬度和抗氧化性能,提升了硬质合金的使用寿命,降低了成本。
(2)镧系金属元素的原子结构特殊,具有很多光、电、磁、核等方面的特殊性能,化学活性强,可以进一步改善涂层的致密性能,进而提升硬质合金的综合性能。
(3)镧系金属元素价格较贵,而本发明使用多层结构,既可以最大程度的利用镧系金属元素的特殊性能,对涂层和硬质合金基体进行改性,又可以节约成本,综合下来,本发明得到的硬质合金成本得到控制,性能优异,并且本发明的制备工艺简单,可以直接应用于工业生产。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种长使用寿命的硬质合金,所述硬质合金镀覆有涂层,该涂层包含双层结构,由结合层和表面层构成,所述结合层为AlCrSiM1N涂层,所述表面层为AlCrYN涂层。
所述的M1为镧系金属元素,包括La、Ce、Pr、Nd中的一种或多种。
其中,AlCrSiM1N涂层和AlCrYN涂层厚度分别为0.5-3μm,优选1-2μm;
AlCrSiM1N涂层中,Al:Cr:Si:M1的原子比例为3-6:2-5:1-2:1-2;
AlCrYN涂层中,Al:Cr:Y的原子比例为4-6:3-5:1。
所述结合层镀覆在硬质合金表面。
所述硬质合金为WC-Co-M2硬质合金。
所述的M2为镧系金属元素,包括La、Ce、Pr、Nd中的一种或多种。
所述硬质合金中,WC-Co-M2的质量比例为84-96:2-6:2-10。
所述硬质合金的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)硬质合金表面清洗,硬质合金使用丙酮浸泡后超声清洗,然后进行离子刻蚀;
(2)维持离子镀设备内部温度在400-500℃,通入氮气,依次开启AlCrSiM1N靶和AlCrYN靶,将涂层镀覆到硬质合金表面;
其中,控制AlCrSiM1N涂层和AlCrYN涂层厚度分别为0.5-3μm,优选1-2μm;
AlCrSiM1N涂层中,Al:Cr:Si:M1的原子比例为3-6:2-5:1-2:1-2;
AlCrYN涂层中,Al:Cr:Y的原子比例为4-6:3-5:1。
实施例1
一种长使用寿命的硬质合金,所述硬质合金镀覆有涂层,该涂层包含双层结构,由结合层和表面层构成,所述结合层为AlCrSiLaN涂层,所述表面层为AlCrYN涂层。
所述结合层镀覆在硬质合金表面。
所述硬质合金的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)硬质合金表面清洗,硬质合金使用丙酮浸泡后超声清洗,然后进行离子刻蚀;
所述硬质合金为WC-Co-La硬质合金;
所述硬质合金中,WC-Co-La的质量比例为90:4:6。
(2)维持离子镀设备内部温度在450℃,通入氮气,依次开启AlCrSiLaN靶和AlCrYN靶,将涂层镀覆到硬质合金表面;
其中,控制AlCrSiLaN涂层和AlCrYN涂层厚度均为1.6μm;
AlCrSiLaN涂层中,Al:Cr:Si:La的原子比例为4.5:3.5:1:1;
AlCrYN涂层中,Al:Cr:Y的原子比例为5:4:1。
实施例2
一种长使用寿命的硬质合金,所述硬质合金镀覆有涂层,该涂层包含双层结构,由结合层和表面层构成,所述结合层为AlCrSiCeN涂层,所述表面层为AlCrYN涂层。
所述结合层镀覆在硬质合金表面。
所述硬质合金的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)硬质合金表面清洗,硬质合金使用丙酮浸泡后超声清洗,然后进行离子刻蚀;
所述硬质合金为WC-Co-Ce硬质合金;
所述硬质合金中,WC-Co-Ce的质量比例为90:4:6。
(2)维持离子镀设备内部温度在450℃,通入氮气,依次开启AlCrSiCeN靶和AlCrYN靶,将涂层镀覆到硬质合金表面;
其中,控制AlCrSiCeN涂层和AlCrYN涂层厚度均为1.6μm;
AlCrSiCeN涂层中,Al:Cr:Si:Ce的原子比例为4.5:3.5:1:1;
AlCrYN涂层中,Al:Cr:Y的原子比例为5:4:1。
对比例1
一种长使用寿命的硬质合金,所述硬质合金镀覆有涂层,该涂层包含单层结构,该层为AlCrSiN涂层。
所述层直接镀覆在硬质合金表面。
所述硬质合金的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)硬质合金表面清洗,硬质合金使用丙酮浸泡后超声清洗,然后进行离子刻蚀;
所述硬质合金为WC-Co-La硬质合金;
所述硬质合金中,WC-Co-La的质量比例为90:4:6。
(2)维持离子镀设备内部温度在450℃,通入氮气,开启AlCrSiN靶,将涂层镀覆到硬质合金表面;
其中,控制AlCrSiN涂层厚度为3.2μm;
AlCrSiN涂层中,Al:Cr:Si的原子比例为4.5:3.5:2。
对比例2
一种长使用寿命的硬质合金,所述硬质合金镀覆有涂层,该涂层包含双层结构,由结合层和表面层构成,所述结合层为AlCrSiLaN涂层,所述表面层为AlCrYN涂层。
所述结合层在硬质合金表面。
所述硬质合金的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)硬质合金表面清洗,硬质合金使用丙酮浸泡后超声清洗,然后进行离子刻蚀;
所述硬质合金为WC-Co硬质合金;
所述硬质合金中,WC-Co的质量比例为96:4。
(2)维持离子镀设备内部温度在450℃,通入氮气,依次开启AlCrSiLaN靶和AlCrYN靶,将涂层镀覆到硬质合金表面;
其中,控制AlCrSiLaN涂层和AlCrYN涂层厚度均为1.6μm;
AlCrSiLaN涂层中,Al:Cr:Si:La的原子比例为4.5:3.5:1:1;
AlCrYN涂层中,Al:Cr:Y的原子比例为5:4:1。
对得到的硬质合金进行测试,其中使用显微硬度计测试硬质合金硬度;氧化性能在马弗炉中测试氧化增重,900℃空气氛围下加热2h;磨损量测试使用摩擦磨损试验机在大气氛围下测试。测试结果见表1。
表1:硬质合金涂层性能测试
从测试结果可以看出,在硬质合金中添加镧系金属元素,可以在硬度和氧化性能保持甚至有所改善的情况下,明显的改善了涂层的磨损量。其可能的原因为,镧系金属元素的原子结构特殊,化学活性强,使得涂层的致密性改善,并且镧系金属元素极易形变,在涂层和硬质合金中存在变形以及微硬质合金化作用,能进一步改善涂层和硬质合金的界面性能,从而能够改善涂层的耐磨性能。
当然,本领域技术人员知悉,上述所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种长使用寿命的硬质合金,其特征在于,所述的硬质合金表面镀覆有涂层,该涂层包含双层结构,由结合层和表面层构成,所述结合层为AlCrSiM1N涂层,所述表面层为AlCrYN涂层;
所述结合层镀覆在硬质合金表面;
所述硬质合金为WC-Co-M2硬质合金;
所述M1、M2相同,且为镧系金属元素La或Ce;
所述AlCrSiM1N涂层和AlCrYN涂层厚度均为1.6μm;
所述AlCrSiM1N涂层中,Al:Cr:Si:M1的原子比例为4.5:3.5:1:1;
所述AlCrYN涂层中,Al:Cr:Y的原子比例为5:4:1;
所述硬质合金中,WC:Co:M2的质量比例为90:4:6。
2.权利要求1所述的硬质合金的制备方法,其特征在于,制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)硬质合金表面清洗,硬质合金使用丙酮浸泡后超声清洗,然后进行离子刻蚀;
(2)维持离子镀设备内部温度在400-500℃,通入氮气,依次开启AlCrSiM1N靶和AlCrYN靶,将涂层镀覆到硬质合金表面。
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