CN113276661A - 电动化车辆扭矩传递系统和方法 - Google Patents

电动化车辆扭矩传递系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113276661A
CN113276661A CN202110188302.6A CN202110188302A CN113276661A CN 113276661 A CN113276661 A CN 113276661A CN 202110188302 A CN202110188302 A CN 202110188302A CN 113276661 A CN113276661 A CN 113276661A
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Prior art keywords
clutch
engine
shaft
motor shaft
motor
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CN202110188302.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
胡国鹏
戴征宇
迈克尔·泰克尔森·伯翰
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

本公开提供了“电动化车辆扭矩传递系统和方法”。一种电动化车辆扭矩传递系统除其他外还包括：发动机，所述发动机具有发动机轴；电机，所述电机具有电机轴；第一离合器，所述第一离合器选择性地接合以将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起，使得所述发动机可驱动所述电机的旋转；以及第二离合器，所述第二离合器选择性地接合以将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起，使得所述电机可驱动所述发动机的旋转。

Description

电动化车辆扭矩传递系统和方法
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及电动化车辆动力传动系统内的扭矩传递。
背景技术
电动化车辆不同于常规的电机车辆，因为电动化车辆使用由牵引电池供电的一个或多个电机来选择性地驱动。作为内燃发动机的替代或补充，电机可驱动电动化车辆。示例性电动化车辆包括混合动力电动车辆(HEV)、插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、燃料电池车辆(FCV)和电池电动车辆(BEV)。
发明内容
一种根据本公开的示例性方面的电动化车辆扭矩传递系统除其他外还包括：发动机，所述发动机具有发动机轴；电机，所述电机具有电机轴；第一离合器，所述第一离合器选择性地接合以将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起，使得所述发动机可驱动所述电机的旋转；以及第二离合器，所述第二离合器选择性地接合以将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起，使得所述电机可驱动所述发动机的旋转。
在前述系统的另一示例中，所述第一离合器为第一分离离合器，所述第一分离离合器可在第一离合器断开位置与第一离合器闭合位置之间来回转换。所述第一分离离合器在处于所述第一离合器闭合位置时，将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起。
在前述系统中的任一系统的另一示例中，所述第二离合器为第二分离离合器，所述第二分离离合器可在第二离合器断开位置与第二离合器闭合位置之间来回转换。所述第二分离离合器在处于所述第二离合器闭合位置时，将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起。
在前述系统中的任一系统的另一示例中，当通过所述第一离合器用所述发动机轴驱动所述电机轴时，所述第一离合器接合并且所述第二离合器脱离。另外，当通过所述第二离合器用所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴时，所述第一离合器脱离并且所述第二离合器接合。
前述系统中的任一系统的另一示例包括减速齿轮系统，当所述第二离合器将所述发动机轴与所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起时以及当所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴时，所述减速齿轮系统使所述发动机轴的旋转速度相对于所述电机轴的旋转速度降低。
在前述系统中的任一系统的另一示例中，当所述第一离合器将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起时，所述发动机轴的一次旋转引起所述电机轴的一次旋转。
在前述系统中的任一系统的另一示例中，当所述第二离合器将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起时，所述电机轴的一次旋转引起所述发动机轴的少于一次旋转。
在前述系统中的任一系统的另一示例中，所述发动机轴被配置为当所述第一离合器将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起时驱动所述电机轴的旋转，并且所述电机轴被配置为当所述第二离合器将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起时驱动所述发动机轴的旋转。
在前述系统中的任一系统的另一示例中，所述第一离合器具有第一扭矩容量，并且所述第二离合器具有小于所述第一扭矩容量的第二扭矩容量。
在前述系统中的任一系统的另一示例中，所述发动机轴的旋转轴线与所述电机轴的旋转轴线同轴。
一种根据本公开的另一示例性方面的用于电动化车辆的扭矩传递方法除其他外还包括通过将扭矩从发动机轴通过第一离合器传递到电机轴来用所述发动机轴驱动所述电机轴。所述方法还包括通过将扭矩从所述电机轴通过第二离合器传递到所述发动机轴来用所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴。
前述方法的另一示例包括用所述电机轴可旋转地驱动电动化车辆的至少一个车轮。
前述方法中的任一方法的另一示例包括用所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴以起动具有所述发动机轴的发动机。
在前述方法中的任一方法的另一示例中，所述第一离合器具有第一扭矩容量，并且所述第二离合器具有小于所述第一扭矩容量的第二扭矩容量。
在前述方法中的任一方法的另一示例中，当通过所述第一离合器用所述发动机轴驱动所述电机轴时，所述发动机轴的一次旋转引起所述电机轴的一次旋转。
在前述方法中的任一方法的另一示例中，当用所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴时，所述电机轴的一次旋转引起所述发动机轴的少于一次旋转。
在前述方法中的任一方法的另一示例中，所述第一离合器为第一分离离合器，并且所述第二离合器为第二分离离合器。
在前述方法中的任一方法的另一示例中，当通过所述第一分离离合器用所述发动机轴驱动所述电机轴时，所述第一分离离合器闭合并且所述第二分离离合器断开。当通过所述第二分离离合器用所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴时，所述第一分离离合器断开并且所述第二分离离合器闭合。
前述方法中的任一方法的另一示例还包括当所述电机轴通过所述第二离合器驱动所述发动机轴时，使所述发动机轴的旋转速度相对于所述电机轴的旋转速度降低。
前述段落、权利要求或以下描述和附图的实施例、示例和替代方案(包括它们的各个方面或相应单独特征中的任何一个)可以独立地或以任何组合形式采用。结合一个实施例描述的特征适用于所有实施例，除非此类特征是不兼容的。
附图说明
根据具体实施方式部分，所公开的示例的各种特征和优点对于本领域技术人员而言将变得显而易见。随附于具体实施方式的附图可简要地描述如下：
图1示出了根据本公开的示例性方面的结合有扭矩传递系统的电动化车辆的所选择部分的示意图。
图2示出了根据本公开的示例性方面的图1的电动化车辆的扭矩传递方法的流程图。
图3示出了根据本公开的又一示例性方面的图1的电动化车辆的扭矩传递方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本公开总体上涉及电动化车辆动力传动系统内的扭矩传递。具体地，本公开详细描述了离合器系统的示例性实施例，所述离合器系统具有：第一离合器，所述第一离合器用于在发动机驱动电机的轴时传递扭矩；以及不同的第二离合器，所述第二离合器用于在电机驱动发动机的轴时传递扭矩以协助起动发动机。在起动发动机时使用第二离合器可允许通过齿轮减速系统驱动发动机轴。这使得与不使用齿轮减速系统的情况相比，能够以来自电机的更小的扭矩起动发动机。由于起动发动机需要来自电机的较小扭矩，因此电机可为发动机起动储备较小的扭矩。
图1示意性地示出了电动化车辆10的所选择部分。尽管在一些实施例中被示出为混合动力电动化车辆(HEV)，但本公开适用于任何类型的电动化车辆，包括但不限于强混合动力电动车辆(FHEV)、插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)。另外，尽管在图1中示出了具体的部件关系，但该图示并不意图限制本公开。换句话讲，应容易理解，电动化车辆10的各种部件的放置和取向可在本公开的范围内变化。
示例性电动化车辆10包括动力传动系统12。动力传动系统12包括发动机14和由发动机14选择性地驱动的变速器系统16。在一实施例中，变速器系统16为模块化混合动力变速器(MHT)。变速器系统16可包括由高压牵引电池20供电的电机18、变矩器22和多级传动比自动变速器或变速器齿轮箱24。在示例性实施例中，电机18被配置为马达。然而，电机18可替代地被配置为发电机或在本公开的范围内的组合式电机/发电机。
发动机14和电机18两者都可用作推进电动化车辆10的可用驱动源。发动机14一般表示动力源，所述动力源可包括内燃发动机(诸如汽油、柴油或天然气动力发动机)或燃料电池。
当第一离合器26被接合时，发动机14产生动力和对应的扭矩，其被提供给电机18。第一离合器26设置在发动机14与电机18之间。当第一离合器26接合时，发动机14的发动机轴30通过第一离合器26可旋转地联接到电机18的电机轴34。因此，第一离合器26可接合以将发动机轴30可旋转地联接到电机轴34。当第一离合器26接合时，发动机轴30可通过第一离合器26提供扭矩以驱动电机轴34。当第一离合器26脱离时，发动机轴30和电机轴34可旋转地分离。在该示例中，发动机轴30的旋转轴线与电机轴34的旋转轴线同轴。
电机18可为多种类型的电机中的任一种。在一个实施例中，电机18为永磁同步电机。电机18可用于起动发动机14。示例性动力传动系统12包括第二离合器38，当电机18用于起动发动机14时，第二离合器可接合以将电机轴34和发动机轴30可旋转地联接在一起。当第二离合器38接合以将电机轴34和发动机轴30可旋转地联接在一起时，第一离合器26脱离。当第二离合器38接合时，发动机轴30可利用电机轴34通过第二离合器38提供的扭矩来旋转。通过电机18的发动机轴30的旋转可被保持以起动发动机14。
在该示例中，第一离合器26为第一分离离合器，所述第一分离离合器在脱离时移动到断开位置，并且在接合时移动到闭合位置。此外，第二离合器38为第二分离离合器，所述第二分离离合器在脱离时移动到断开位置，并且在接合时移动到闭合位置。分离离合器有时被称为K0离合器。在其他示例中，可使用除分离离合器之外的离合器。
当第一离合器26至少部分地接合时，从发动机14到电机18的动力流是可能的。例如，第一离合器26可被接合并且电机18可作为发电机操作以将由发动机轴30提供的旋转能转换成电能以存储在牵引电池20中。当第一离合器26至少部分地接合以驱动电机轴34时，第二离合器38脱离。
第一离合器26和第二离合器38两者都可脱离，这有效地将发动机14与动力传动系统12的其余部分隔离，使得电机18可充当推进电动化车辆10的唯一动力源。
电机轴34可延伸穿过电机18。在示例性实施例中，电机18连续可驱动地连接到电机轴34，而发动机14及其发动机轴30在第一离合器26至少部分地接合时可驱动地连接到电机轴34。
电机18经由电机轴34连接到变矩器22。因此，当第一离合器26至少部分地接合时，变矩器22连接到发动机14。变矩器22包括固定到电机轴34的泵轮和固定到变速器输入轴42的涡轮。因此变矩器22提供电机轴34与变速器输入轴42之间的液压联接。
当泵轮比涡轮旋转得更快时，变矩器22适于将动力从泵轮传递到涡轮。涡轮扭矩和泵轮扭矩的量值一般取决于相对速度。当泵轮转速与涡轮转速的比足够高时，涡轮扭矩是泵轮扭矩的若干倍。也可设有变矩器旁通离合器46。在被接合时，变矩器旁通离合器46摩擦地或机械地联接变矩器22的泵轮和涡轮，以便实现更有效的动力传递。变矩器旁通离合器46可作为起步离合器操作以提供平稳的车辆起步。替代地或组合地，可在电机18与变速器齿轮箱24之间提供类似于第一离合器26的起步离合器，以用于不包括变矩器22或变矩器旁通离合器46的应用。
变速器齿轮箱24可包括齿轮组(未示出)，所述齿轮组通过选择性接合诸如离合器、行星齿轮和制动器(未示出)的摩擦元件使用不同的齿轮比而选择性地操作，以建立所需的多个离散或阶梯传动比。摩擦元件可通过换挡计划来控制，所述换挡计划连接和断开齿轮组的某些元件以控制变速器输出轴50与变速器输入轴42之间的传动比。基于各种车辆状况和环境工况，通过相关联的控制器自动地将变速器齿轮箱24从一个传动比换到另一个传动比。然后，变速器齿轮箱24将动力传动系统输出扭矩提供给变速器输出轴50。
应理解，与变矩器22一起使用的液压控制的变速器齿轮箱24仅仅是齿轮箱或变速器装置的非限制性实施例，并且接受来自发动机和/或电机的一个或多个输入扭矩然后以不同的传动比向输出轴提供扭矩的任何多传动比齿轮箱都可被接受与该公开的实施例一起使用。例如，变速器齿轮箱24可通过自动化机械(或手动)变速器(AMT)来实现，所述自动化机械(或手动)变速器包括一个或多个伺服电机，以沿着换挡导轨平移/旋转换挡拨叉，从而选择期望的齿轮比。如本领域普通技术人员通常所理解的，AMT可用于例如具有较高扭矩需求的应用中。
在示例性实施例中，变速器输出轴50连接到差速器54，所述差速器也可被称为最终驱动器。差速器54经由连接到差速器54的相应车桥62驱动一对车轮58。在一个实施例中，差速器54向每个车轮58传输大致相等的扭矩，同时准许诸如在电动化车辆10转弯时的轻微的速度差异。可使用不同类型的差速器或类似装置来将扭矩从动力传动系统12分配到一个或多个车轮58。在一些应用中，扭矩分配可根据例如特定的操作模式或工况而变化。
动力传动系统12可另外包括相关联的控制单元60。虽然示意性地示出为单个控制器，但控制单元60可以是较大控制系统的一部分并且可由整个电动化车辆10中的各种其他控制器诸如车辆系统控制器(VSC)控制，所述车辆系统控制器包括动力传动系统控制单元、变速器控制单元、发动机控制单元等。因此应理解，控制单元60和一个或多个其他控制器可统称为“控制单元”，其响应于来自各种传感器的信号而诸如通过多种相关算法来控制各种致动器，以控制诸如起动/停止发动机14、操作电机18以提供车轮扭矩或为牵引电池20充电、选择或规划变速器换挡、致动第一离合器26、第二离合器38等功能。在一个实施例中，组成VSC的各种控制器可使用公共总线协议(CAN)彼此通信。
控制单元60可包括与各种类型的计算机可读存储装置或介质通信的微处理器或中央处理单元(CPU)。计算机可读存储装置或介质可包括例如呈只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和保活存储器(KAM)的易失性和非易失性存储装置。KAM是可以用于在CPU断电时存储各种操作变量的持久性或非易失性存储器。计算机可读存储装置或介质可使用许多已知存储器装置中的任一种来实施，所述存储器装置诸如PROM(可编程只读存储器)、EPROM(电PROM)、EEPROM(电可擦除PROM)、快闪存储器或能够存储数据的任何其他电、磁性、光学或组合存储器装置，数据中的一些表示由控制器用于控制发动机或车辆的可执行指令。
控制单元60也可经由输入/输出(I/O)接口与各种发动机/车辆传感器和致动器通信，该I/O接口可实施为提供各种原始数据或信号调节、处理和/或转换、短路保护等的单个集成接口。替代地，可在将特定信号供应给CPU之前使用一个或多个专用硬件或固件芯片来调节和处理所述特定信号。
如图1中示意性示出的，控制单元60可向和/或从发动机14、第一离合器26、第二离合器38、电机18、变矩器旁通离合器46、变速器齿轮箱24和/或其他部件传送信号。虽然未明确示出，但本领域普通技术人员将认识到在上文标识的每个子系统内可由控制单元60控制的各种功能或部件。
可使用由控制器执行的控制逻辑直接或间接致动的参数、系统和/或部件的代表性示例包括：燃料喷射正时、速率和持续时间；节气门位置；火花塞点火正时(用于火花点火发动机)；进气门/排气门正时和持续时间；诸如交流发电机、空调压缩机的前端附件驱动(FEAD)部件；电池充电；再生制动；M/G操作；用于第一离合器26、第二离合器38、变矩器旁通离合器46、变速器齿轮箱24的离合器压力等。
当然，根据特定应用，控制逻辑可在一个或多个控制器中以软件、硬件或软件与硬件的组合实施。当以软件实施时，控制逻辑可提供在一个或多个计算机可读存储装置或介质中，所述计算机可读存储装置或介质存储有表示由计算机执行以控制电动化车辆10或车辆子系统的代码或指令的数据。计算机可读存储装置或介质可包括使用电存储、磁性存储和/或光学存储来保存可执行指令和相关联的校准信息、操作变量等的若干已知物理装置中的一者或多者。
加速踏板64可由电动化车辆10的驾驶员使用来提供所需的扭矩、动力或驱动命令以推进电动化车辆10。一般来讲，踩下和释放加速踏板64会生成加速踏板位置信号，所述加速踏板位置信号可由控制单元60分别解释为需要增大的功率或减小的功率。至少基于来自加速踏板48的输入，控制单元60可命令来自发动机14和/或电机18的扭矩。控制单元60还控制变速器齿轮箱24内的换挡的正时，以及第一离合器26、第二离合器38和变矩器旁通离合器36的接合或脱离。与第一离合器26和第二离合器38一样，变矩器旁通离合器46可在接合(即，闭合)位置与脱离(即，断开)位置之间的范围内调节。除了由泵轮与涡轮之间的液力联接产生的可变滑移之外，这还在变矩器22中产生可变滑移。替代地，取决于特定应用，变矩器旁通离合器46可在不使用调节后的操作模式的情况下操作为锁定或断开。
为了利用发动机14驱动电动化车辆10，第二离合器38断开并且第一离合器26至少部分地接合以将发动机扭矩的至少一部分通过第一离合器26传递到电机18。然后，扭矩从电机18通过变矩器22和变速器齿轮箱24传递。电机18可通过提供用以使电机轴34转动的额外动力来辅助发动机14。该操作模式可称为“混合动力模式”或“电动辅助模式”。
为了使用电机18作为唯一动力源来驱动电动化车辆10，动力流保持相同，不同的是第一离合器26和第二离合器38都断开以将发动机14与动力传动系统12的其余部分隔离。在此期间可停用或以其他方式关闭发动机14中的燃烧以节省燃料。电力电子器件(未示出)可将来自牵引电池20的DC电压转换成待由电机18使用的AC电压。控制单元60可命令电力电子器件将来自牵引电池20的电压转换为提供给电机18的AC电压以向电机轴34提供正扭矩或负扭矩。该操作模式可称为“纯电动”或“EV”操作模式。
在任何操作模式中，电机18可充当电机并且为动力传动系统12提供驱动力。替代地，电机18可充当发电机并将来自电动化车辆10的动能转换成电能以存储在牵引电池20中。例如，当发动机14正在为电动化车辆10提供推进动力时，电机18可充当发电机。电机18可另外地在再生制动时间期间充当发电机，在再生制动中，来自飞转的车轮58的旋转能量通过变速器齿轮箱24被传递回来并被转换成电能以存储在牵引电池20中。
有时，在以纯电动模式操作时，可能需要额外的扭矩。这可能需要从纯电动模式转换到电动辅助模式。此时，可能需要用电机18起动发动机14。
例如，来自电机18的扭矩量可由控制单元60储备。这确保了电机18可提供足够的扭矩来起动发动机14。例如，控制单元60可在不超过其最大扭矩输出的百分之七十五的情况下操作电机18，使得如果需要，百分之二十五可用于起动发动机14。可以理解，当电动化车辆10在纯电动模式下操作时，来自电机18的必须储备以起动发动机14的扭矩越多，来自电机18的可用于驱动车轮58的扭矩越少。
在示例性实施例中，用于起动发动机14的扭矩通过第二离合器38传递并由齿轮系统调节，这减少了来自电机18的起动发动机14所需的扭矩量。因此，来自电机18的需要被储备以起动发动机14的扭矩量小于在不使用第二离合器38和齿轮系统的情况下所需的扭矩量。
因此，当发动机轴30用于驱动电机轴34时，用于电动化车辆10的示例性扭矩传递系统可利用发动机轴30、第一离合器26和电机轴34。当电机轴34正在驱动发动机轴30时，扭矩传递系统可包括电机轴34、齿轮系统、第二离合器38和发动机轴30。
在示例性实施例中，齿轮系统包括第二分离离合器齿轮70，所述第二分离离合器齿轮响应于电机轴34的单次旋转而旋转一次。第二分离离合器齿轮70与电机轴齿轮74直接啮合。
当第二离合器38接合时，第二分离离合器齿轮70的一次旋转引起第二分离离合器齿轮78的单次旋转。第二分离离合器齿轮78与发动机轴齿轮82直接啮合。第二分离离合器齿轮78和发动机轴齿轮82被配置成使得第二分离离合器齿轮78需要旋转三次才能引起发动机轴齿轮82的单次旋转。
因此，在示例性实施例中，当电机轴34通过第二离合器38驱动发动机轴30时，齿轮系统为减速齿轮系统，其中需要电机轴34的三次旋转才能引起发动机轴30的单次旋转。利用这种齿轮系统，来自电机轴34的17Nm的扭矩在发动机轴30上产生51Nm的扭矩。
如果起动发动机14需要发动机轴30上的50Nm的扭矩，则由于齿轮系统和第二离合器38，控制单元60将需要在电机18内储备大约17Nm的扭矩以用于起动发动机14。如果电机18替代地通过第一离合器26起动发动机14，其中电机轴34的一次旋转将引起发动机轴30的一次旋转，则控制单元60将需要在电机18内储备大约50Nm的扭矩以用于起动发动机14。因此，在该实施例中，齿轮系统和第二离合器38提供大约另外37Nm的扭矩，所述另外的扭矩可用于以纯电动模式操作电动化车辆10。
尽管通过第二离合器38从电机18到发动机14的传动比为3∶1，但也可使用其他减速比并且其落入本公开的范围内。
值得注意的是，示例性第二离合器38的扭矩容量需要足够大以处理发动机14的起动，但不需要适应当发动机14用于帮助驱动车轮58时，从发动机轴30通过第一离合器26施加到电机轴34的扭矩范围。因此，第二离合器38可被配置成具有小于第一离合器26的扭矩容量的扭矩容量。在一些示例中，由于较小的扭矩容量要求，第二离合器38可被称为微型分离离合器。
第二离合器38的较低扭矩容量可减小第二离合器38内在接合第二离合器38时传递扭矩所需的压力。在分离离合器内达到较高的压力可能需要时间，因此降低必须达到的压力可导致发动机14的更快起动。
所公开的示例的特征包括动力传动系统配置，所述动力传动系统配置结合有齿轮系统以及第一分离离合器和第二分离离合器。当电机用于起动发动机时，第二分离离合器接合。使用齿轮系统和第二分离离合器可减少所需的储备扭矩并减少发动机起动时间。由于第二分离离合器相对较小，因此与使用较大的分离离合器相比，可减少噪声、振动和粗糙性问题。
第二分离离合器的设计可优化，使得所述设计具有比第一分离离合器更小的离合器扭矩容量和更小的离合器增益，所述离合器增益被定义为离合器扭矩容量与离合器压力之间的比率。在一些示例中，与第一离合器相比，较小的第二离合器可具有相对精确的离合器扭矩容量控制。这假设第一离合器和第二离合器都具有相同的压力控制范围(例如，0至15巴)。
作为具有更精确的离合器扭矩容量控制的第二分离离合器的示例，第一分离离合器的离合器增益可为100Nm/巴，并且第二分离离合器的离合器增益可为20Nm/巴。响应于1巴的离合器压力变化，第二分离离合器扭矩容量仅改变20Nm，而第一分离离合器扭矩容量将改变100Nm。
参考图2，同时继续参考图1，用于电动化车辆10的示例性扭矩传递方法100可在步骤110处开始，在步骤110处，发动机14通过将扭矩从发动机轴30通过第一离合器26传递到电机轴34来驱动电机18。在该步骤期间，电机18可协助旋转电机轴34，使得电动化车辆10以混合动力模式操作。在该步骤期间，第一离合器26闭合，并且第二离合器38断开。
在步骤120处，由于例如电机轴34推进电动化车辆10的车轮58所需的扭矩的减小，发动机14关闭。在该步骤期间，电机18可向电机轴34提供足够的扭矩，并且电动化车辆10以纯电动模式操作。当不再需要来自发动机14的扭矩时，第一离合器26可断开。
接下来，在步骤130处，方法100评估电机轴34推进车轮58所需的扭矩是否已增加。所述增加可能是由于例如加速踏板64被踩下而引起的。
响应于所述增加，方法100移动到步骤140，在步骤140中，电机18通过将扭矩从电机轴34通过第二离合器38传递到发动机轴30来驱动发动机14的起动。
在步骤150处，发动机14响应于发动机轴30的旋转而起动。然后，方法100移动到步骤160，在步骤160中，第一离合器26闭合并且第二离合器38断开，使得发动机14可协助通过第一离合器26驱动电机18。
参考图3，同时继续参考图1，用于电动化车辆10的另一示例性扭矩传递方法200在步骤204处开始，然后移动到步骤208。在步骤208处，发动机14正在运行，并且扭矩从发动机轴30通过第一分离离合器26传递到电机轴34。
接下来，在步骤212处，驾驶员释放加速踏板64，使得车辆10的对扭矩的请求已下降。然后，发动机14关闭，并且第一分离离合器26过渡到断开位置。
方法200从步骤212移动到步骤216，在步骤216处，监测驾驶员是否踩下加速踏板64。如果是，则方法200从步骤216移动到步骤220，在步骤220处，评估移动是否足够充分，以使得对扭矩的请求为高于扭矩阈值的扭矩。如果对扭矩的请求未超过扭矩阈值，则方法200移动到步骤224，在步骤224处，用电机18加速车辆10。如果在步骤220处对扭矩的请求大于扭矩阈值，则方法200移动到步骤228。
在步骤228处，第二分离离合器38开始接合，并且来自电机18的扭矩基于第二分离离合器38的扭矩容量而增加。然后，扭矩通过第二分离离合器38从电机18传递到发动机轴30以起动发动机14。
然后，方法200移动到步骤232，在步骤232处，评估发动机14的转速是否大于转速阈值。如果是，则方法200从步骤232移动到步骤236，在步骤236处，发动机14内开始燃烧并且使第二分离离合器38脱离。然后，方法200从步骤236移动到步骤240，在步骤240处，监测发动机14的转速以评估发动机14的转速是否超过转速阈值。如果是，则方法200移动到步骤244，在步骤244处，方法200开始接合第一分离离合器26。然后，方法200从步骤244移动到步骤248，在步骤248处，扭矩从发动机轴30通过第一分离离合器26传递到电机轴34。然后，方法200在步骤252处结束。
尽管在本公开的附图中示出了特定的部件关系，但图示并不意图限制本公开。换句话说，所示的各种部件的放置和取向可在本公开的范围内变化。此外，随附于本公开的各种附图不一定按比例绘制，并且一些特征可能被放大或最小化以示出特定部件的某些细节。
前文描述在本质上是示例性的而非限制性的。对所公开的示例作出的变化和修改对于本领域技术人员而言可能变得显而易见，所述变化和修改不一定脱离本公开的本质。因此，赋予本公开的法律保护范围只能通过研究所附权利要求来确定。

Claims (15)

1.一种电动化车辆扭矩传递系统，其包括：
发动机，所述发动机具有发动机轴；
电机，所述电机具有电机轴；
第一离合器，所述第一离合器选择性地接合以将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起，使得所述发动机可驱动所述电机的旋转；以及
第二离合器，所述第二离合器选择性地接合以将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起，使得所述电机可驱动所述发动机的旋转。
2.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆扭矩传递系统，其中所述第一离合器为第一分离离合器，所述第一分离离合器可在第一离合器断开位置与第一离合器闭合位置之间来回转换，所述第一分离离合器在处于所述第一离合器闭合位置时将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起，并且任选地，其中所述第二离合器为第二分离离合器，所述第二分离离合器可在第二离合器断开位置与第二离合器闭合位置之间来回转换，所述第二分离离合器在处于所述第二离合器闭合位置时将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起。
3.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆扭矩传递系统，其中当通过所述第一离合器用所述发动机轴驱动所述电机轴时，所述第一离合器接合并且所述第二离合器脱离，其中当通过所述第二离合器用所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴时，所述第一离合器脱离并且所述第二离合器接合。
4.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆扭矩传递系统，其还包括减速齿轮系统，当所述第二离合器将所述发动机轴与所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起时以及当所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴时，所述减速齿轮系统使所述发动机轴的旋转速度相对于所述电机轴的旋转速度降低。
5.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆扭矩传递系统，其中当所述第一离合器将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起时，所述发动机轴的一次旋转引起所述电机轴的一次旋转，并且任选地，其中当所述第二离合器将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起时，所述电机轴的一次旋转引起所述发动机轴的少于一次旋转。
6.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆扭矩传递系统，其中所述发动机轴被配置为当所述第一离合器将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起时驱动所述电机轴的旋转，其中所述电机轴被配置为当所述第二离合器将所述发动机轴和所述电机轴可旋转地联接在一起时驱动所述发动机轴的旋转。
7.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆扭矩传递系统，其中所述第一离合器具有第一扭矩容量，并且所述第二离合器具有小于所述第一扭矩容量的第二扭矩容量。
8.如权利要求1所述的电动化车辆扭矩传递系统，其中所述发动机轴的旋转轴线与所述电机轴的旋转轴线同轴。
9.一种用于电动化车辆的扭矩传递方法，其包括：
通过将扭矩从发动机轴通过第一离合器传递到电机轴来用所述发动机轴驱动所述电机轴；以及
通过将扭矩从所述电机轴通过第二离合器传递到所述发动机轴来用所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其还包括用所述电机轴可旋转地驱动电动化车辆的至少一个车轮。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法，其还包括用所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴以起动具有所述发动机轴的发动机。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述第一离合器具有第一扭矩容量，并且所述第二离合器具有小于所述第一扭矩容量的第二扭矩容量。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中当通过所述第一离合器用所述发动机轴驱动所述电机轴时，所述发动机轴的一次旋转引起所述电机轴的一次旋转，并且任选地，其中当用所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴时，所述电机轴的一次旋转引起所述发动机轴的少于一次旋转。
14.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述第一离合器为第一分离离合器，并且所述第二离合器为第二分离离合器，并且任选地，其中当通过所述第一分离离合器用所述发动机轴驱动所述电机轴时，所述第一分离离合器闭合并且所述第二分离离合器断开，其中当通过所述第二分离离合器用所述电机轴驱动所述发动机轴时，所述第一分离离合器断开并且所述第二分离离合器闭合。
15.如权利要求9所述的方法，其还包括当所述电机轴通过所述第二离合器驱动所述发动机轴时，使所述发动机轴的旋转速度相对于所述电机轴的旋转速度降低。
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