CN108622211B - 混合动力卡车和混合动力卡车附件 - Google Patents

混合动力卡车和混合动力卡车附件 Download PDF

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CN108622211B
CN108622211B CN201810227574.0A CN201810227574A CN108622211B CN 108622211 B CN108622211 B CN 108622211B CN 201810227574 A CN201810227574 A CN 201810227574A CN 108622211 B CN108622211 B CN 108622211B
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battery
electrical contacts
connect
electrical
vehicle
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CN108622211A (zh
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詹姆士·里赫伯格
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D33/00—Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles
    • B62D33/04—Enclosed load compartments ; Frameworks for movable panels, tarpaulins or side curtains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60K2016/003—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind solar power driven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本公开涉及混合动力卡车和混合动力卡车附件。一种车辆包括货厢、第一开路电路和后厢盖。所述货厢具有向上延伸的第一侧和第二侧。所述第一开路电路具有电池并且从由第一侧限定的第一电插座延伸到由第二侧限定的第二电插座。所述后厢盖具有光电板。所述后厢盖还具有第一电连接器和第二电连接器，第一电连接器和第二电连接器分别接合第一电插座和第二电插座，以将光电板连接到第一开路电路并使第一开路电路闭合。

Description

混合动力卡车和混合动力卡车附件
技术领域
本公开涉及混合动力或电动车辆，更具体地，涉及混合动力卡车和附件。
背景技术
混合动力车辆可包括牵引电池，所述牵引电池可从电机接收电力或向电机传输电力。电机可用于在接收到来自牵引电池的电力时推进车辆。通过增加牵引电池的电荷可提高燃料效率，从而导致在较长时间段内可使用电机来推进车辆。
发明内容
一种车辆包括货厢、第一开路电路和后厢盖。所述货厢具有向上延伸的第一侧和第二侧。所述第一开路电路具有电池并且从由第一侧限定的第一电插座延伸到由第二侧限定的第二电插座。所述后厢盖具有光电板。所述后厢盖还具有第一电连接器和第二电连接器，第一电连接器和第二电连接器分别接合第一电插座和第二电插座，以将光电板连接到第一开路电路并使第一开路电路闭合。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述后厢盖包括第三电连接器和第四电连接器，所述第三电连接器和第四电连接器被配置为将光电板连接到包括第二电池的第二开路电路，并使第二开路电路闭合。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第三电连接器和第四电连接器被配置为不将光电板连接到第一开路电路并且不使第一开路电路闭合，并且其中，第一电连接器和第二电连接器被配置为不将光电板连接到第二开路电路并且不使第二开路电路闭合。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第二开路电路和第二电池为第二车辆的部件。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述车辆还包括被配置为用于推进车辆的电机，并且其中，所述电池被配置为将电力传递给电机。
一种卡车车厢后盖包括光电单元和紧固系统。所述光电单元设置在外板上。所述紧固系统围绕外板的周边设置。所述紧固系统被构造为将卡车车厢后盖固定到卡车车厢的向上延伸的第一侧和第二侧。所述紧固系统具有被配置为将光电单元连接到第一卡车电池的第一电连接器和第二电连接器。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述紧固系统包括第三电连接器和第四电连接器，所述第三电连接器和第四电连接器被配置为将光电单元连接到第二卡车电池。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第三电连接器和第四电连接器不被配置为将光电单元连接到第一卡车电池，并且其中，第一电连接器和第二电连接器不被配置为将光电单元连接到第二卡车电池。
一种混合动力卡车包括牵引电池、电机、货厢、第一电路和货厢盖。所述牵引电池被配置为给电机供电。所述第一电路连接到牵引电池。所述第一电路从由货厢限定的第一电插座延伸到由货厢限定的第二电插座。所述货厢盖具有光电板。所述货厢盖还具有第一电连接器和第二电连接器，第一电连接器和第二电连接器分别接合第一电插座和第二电插座，以经由第一电路将光电板连接到牵引电池。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述货厢盖包括第三电连接器和第四电连接器，所述第三电连接器和第四电连接器被配置为经由第二电路将光电板连接到第二电池。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第三电连接器和第四电连接器被配置为不将光电板连接到牵引电池，并且其中，第一电连接器和第二电连接器被配置为不将光电板连接到第二电池。
根据本发明的一个实施例，第二电池为第二车辆的部件。
根据本发明，提供一种车辆，包括：货厢，具有向上延伸的第一侧和第二侧；第一顶盖和第二顶盖，分别设置在第一侧和第二侧的顶部，并且分别限定第一狭槽和第二狭槽；第一开路电路，具有电池，所述第一开路电路从第一狭槽延伸到第二狭槽，并且具有设置在第一狭槽和第二狭槽中的第一组电触头；后厢盖，具有光电板和多个紧固钩，所述多个紧固钩设置在后厢盖的周边，具有第二组电触头，并且接合第一狭槽和第二狭槽，使得后厢盖被固定到货厢，并且使得第一组电触头与第二组电触头接合，以将光电板连接到第一开路电路并使第一开路电路闭合。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述后厢盖包括第三组电触头，所述第三组电触头被配置为将光电板连接到包括第二电池的第二开路电路，并使第二开路电路闭合。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第三组电触头被配置为不将光电板连接到第一开路电路并且不使第一开路电路闭合，并且其中，第二组电触头被配置为不将光电板连接到第二开路电路并且不使第二开路电路闭合。
根据本发明，提供一种后厢盖，包括：光电单元，设置在外板上；多个钩，围绕外板的周边设置，所述多个钩被构造为接合限定在设置于卡车车厢的相对两侧的顶盖中的狭槽，以将后厢盖固定到卡车车厢，并且所述多个钩具有第一组电触头，所述第一组电触头被配置为与狭槽中的匹配电触头接合以将光电单元连接到第一电池。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述多个钩包括第二组电触头，所述第二组电触头被配置为将光电单元连接到第二电池。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第二组电触头不被配置为将光电单元连接到第一电池，并且其中，所述第一组电触头不被配置为将光电单元连接到第二电池。
根据本发明，提供一种混合动力卡车，包括：牵引电池，被配置为给电机供电；货厢；第一顶盖和第二顶盖，分别设置在货厢的相对两侧，并且分别限定第一狭槽和第二狭槽；第一电路，连接到牵引电池，所述第一电路从第一狭槽延伸到第二狭槽，并具有设置在第一狭槽和第二狭槽中的第一组电触头；货厢盖，具有光电板和多个紧固钩，所述多个紧固钩设置在货厢盖的周边，所述紧固钩具有第二组电触头，并且接合第一狭槽和第二狭槽，使得货厢盖被固定到货厢，并且使得第一组电触头与第二组电触头接合，以将光电板连接到第一开路电路并使第一开路电路闭合。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述货厢盖包括第三组电触头，所述第三组电触头被配置为经由第二电路将光电板连接到第二电池。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述第三组电触头被配置为不将光电板连接到牵引电池，并且其中，第二组电触头被配置为不将光电板连接到第二电池。
附图说明
图1是混合动力电动车辆的示例性动力传动系统的示意图；
图2A、图2B和图2C分别是包括光电单元的代表性后厢盖的俯视图、侧视图和前视图；
图3是混合动力电动车辆的侧视图的示意图；
图4是沿图3中的线4-4截取的剖视图；
图5是后厢盖的替代实施例的剖视图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而，应该理解，公开的实施例仅为示例，其它实施例可采用各种形式和替代形式。附图不一定按照比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以示出特定部件的细节。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能性细节不应该被解释为限制，而仅仅作为用于教导本领域的技术人员以各种方式使用实施例的代表性基础。如本领域的普通技术人员将理解的，参照任一附图示出和描述的各个特征可与在一幅或更多幅其它附图中示出的特征相结合，以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合为典型应用提供代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可被期望用于特定应用或实施方式。
参照图1，根据本公开的实施例示出了混合动力电动车辆(HEV)10的示意图。图1示出了部件之间的代表性关系。部件在车辆内的物理布局和方位可改变。HEV 10包括动力传动系统12。动力传动系统12包括驱动传动装置16的发动机14，该传动装置16可称为模块化混合动力传动装置(MHT)。如下面将进一步详细描述的，传动装置16包括诸如电动机/发电机(M/G)18 的电机、相关联的牵引电池20、变矩器22和多阶梯传动比自动变速器或齿轮箱24。
发动机14和M/G 18两者都是HEV 10的驱动源。发动机14通常代表可内燃发动机(诸如，汽油、柴油或天然气驱动的发动机)或燃料电池的动力源。发动机14产生发动机功率和相应的发动机扭矩，当发动机14与M/G 18之间的分离离合器26至少部分地接合时，该发动机扭矩被供应到M/G 18。 M/G 18可通过多种类型的电机中的任何一种来实现。例如，M/G18可以是永磁同步电机。如下面将描述的，电力电子器件将电池20提供的直流(DC) 电调节成符合M/G 18的要求。例如，电力电子器件可向M/G 18提供三相交流电(AC)。
当分离离合器26至少部分地接合时，从发动机14到M/G 18或者从M/G 18到发动机14的功率流动是可能的。例如，分离离合器26可接合且M/G 18可作为发电机操作，以将由曲轴28和M/G轴30提供的旋转能转换成电能储存在电池20中。分离离合器26还可分离以将发动机14与动力传动系统12 的其余部分隔离，从而M/G 18能够用作HEV 10的唯一驱动源。轴30延伸穿过M/G 18。M/G 18持续可驱动地连接到轴30，然而仅当分离离合器26至少部分地接合时发动机14才可驱动地连接到轴30。
M/G 18经由轴30连接到变矩器22。因此，当分离离合器26至少部分地接合时，变矩器22连接到发动机14。变矩器22包括固定到M/G轴30的泵轮和固定到变速器输入轴32的涡轮。因此，变矩器22在轴30与变速器输入轴32之间提供液力耦合。当泵轮旋转得比涡轮快时，变矩器22从泵轮向涡轮传递功率。涡轮扭矩和泵轮扭矩的大小通常取决于相对转速。当泵轮转速与涡轮转速的比值足够高时，涡轮扭矩是泵轮扭矩的数倍。还可设置变矩器旁通离合器(也称为变矩器锁止离合器)34，其在接合时摩擦地或机械地结合变矩器22的泵轮和涡轮，以允许更有效的功率传递。变矩器旁通离合器 34可作为起步离合器操作，以提供平稳的车辆起步。可选地或相结合地，对于不包括变矩器22或变矩器旁通离合器34的应用，可在M/G 18与齿轮箱 24之间设置与分离离合器26类似的起步离合器。在一些应用中，分离离合器26通常称为上游离合器，而起步离合器34(可以是变矩器旁通离合器) 通常称为下游离合器。
齿轮箱24可包括通过摩擦元件(诸如，离合器和制动器(未示出))的选择性接合而被选择性地置于不同齿轮比以建立期望的多个离散传动比或阶梯传动比的齿轮组(未示出)。可通过连接和分离齿轮组的特定元件以控制变速器输出轴36和变速器输入轴32之间的传动比的换挡计划来控制摩擦元件。通过关联的控制器(诸如，动力传动系统控制单元(PCU))基于各种车辆工况和周围环境工况使齿轮箱24从一个传动比自动切换至另一个传动比。来自发动机14和M/G 18二者的功率和扭矩可传递到齿轮箱24并被齿轮箱 24接收。然后齿轮箱24向输出轴36提供动力传动系统输出功率和扭矩。
应该理解，与变矩器22一起使用的液压控制式齿轮箱24仅是齿轮箱或变速器装置的一个示例；在本公开的实施例中使用从发动机和/或电动机接收输入扭矩并随后以不同的传动比将扭矩提供至输出轴的任何多传动比齿轮箱都是可以接受的。例如，齿轮箱24可实施为包括沿换挡导轨平移/旋转换挡拨叉以选择期望传动比的一个或更多个伺服马达的自动机械式(或手动)变速器(AMT)。如本领域的普通技术人员通常理解的，例如在较高扭矩要求的应用中可以使用AMT。
如图1的代表性实施例所示，输出轴36连接至差速器40。差速器40经由连接至差速器40的相应的车轴44驱动一对车轮42。差速器向每个车轮42 传递大约相等的扭矩，同时诸如在车辆转弯时允许轻微的转速差异。可以使用不同类型的差速器或类似的装置将扭矩从动力传动系统分配到一个或更多个车轮。在一些应用中，例如，取决于特定的运转模式或状况，扭矩分配可以变化。
动力传动系统12还包括关联的控制器50，诸如动力传动系统控制单元 (PCU)。虽然被示出为一个控制器，但是控制器50可以是较大的控制系统的一部分并且可受遍布车辆10中的各种其它控制器(诸如车辆系统控制器 (VSC))的控制。因此，应该理解，动力传动系统控制单元50和一个或更多个其它控制器可统称为“控制器”，该“控制器”响应于来自各种传感器的信号而控制各种致动器以控制多种功能，诸如启动 /停止发动机14、运转M/G 18以提供车轮扭矩或给电池20充电、选择或计划变速器换挡等。控制器50 可包括与各种类型的计算机可读存储装置或介质通信的微处理器或中央处理器(CPU)。例如，计算机可读存储装置或介质可以包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和保活存储器(KAM)中的易失性和非易失性存储器。KAM是可以用于在CPU掉电时存储各种操作变量的持久或非易失性存储器。计算机可读存储装置或介质可以使用任意数量的已知的存储装置来实现，诸如PROM(可编程只读存储器)、EPROM(电可编程只读存储器)、EEPROM(电可擦除可编程只读存储器)、闪存或能够存储数据的任何其它电、磁、光学或组合式存储装置，其中，所述数据中的一些代表由控制器使用以控制发动机或车辆的可执行指令。
控制器经由输入/输出(I/O)接口(包括输入通道和输出通道)与各种发动机/车辆传感器和致动器通信，所述输入/输出(I/O)接口可被实施为提供各种原始数据或信号调节、处理和/或转换、短路保护等的单个集成接口。可替代地，一个或更多个专用硬件或固件芯片可以用于在特定信号被提供至 CPU之前调节和处理该特定信号。如图1的代表性实施例总体上示出的，控制器50可以向发动机14、分离离合器26、M/G 18、电池20、起步离合器34、传动装置齿轮箱24和电力电子器件56传送信号和/或从这些部件接收信号。尽管未明确说明，但是本领域的普通技术人员将意识到在上文描述的各个子系统内的可通过控制器50控制的各种功能或部件。可使用由控制器执行的控制逻辑和/或算法直接或间接致动的参数、系统和/或部件的代表性示例包括燃料喷射正时、速率和持续时间、节气门位置、(用于火花点火式发动机的)火花塞点火正时、进气/排气门正时和持续时间、前端附件驱动(FEAD)部件 (诸如交流发电机、空调压缩机)、电池充电或放电(包括确定最大充电功率限制和放电功率限制)、再生制动、M/G运转、用于分离离合器26、起步离合器34和传动装置齿轮箱24的离合器压力等。例如，通过I/O接口传送输入的传感器可以用于指示涡轮增压器增压压力、曲轴位置(PIP)、发动机转速(RPM)、车轮转速(WS1、WS2)、车速(VSS)、冷却剂温度(ECT)、进气歧管压力(MAP)、加速踏板位置(PPS)、点火开关位置(IGN)、节气门位置(TP)、空气温度(TMP)、排气氧(EGO)或其它排气成分的浓度或存在度、进气流量(MAF)、变速器挡位、传动比或模式、变速器机油温度 (TOT)、传动装置涡轮转速(TS)、变矩器旁通离合器34状态(TCC)、减速或换挡模式(MDE)、电池温度、电压、电流或荷电状态(SOC)。
可通过一个或更多个附图中的流程图或类似图表来表示通过控制器50 执行的控制逻辑或功能。这些附图提供可使用一个或更多个处理策略(诸如，事件驱动、中断驱动、多任务、多线程等)实现的代表性控制策略和/或逻辑。这样，示出的多个步骤或功能可以以所示出的顺序执行、并行执行或在一些情况下被省略。虽然没有总是明确地示出，但是本领域的普通技术人员将意识到，一个或更多个示出的步骤或功能可根据正在使用的特定的处理策略而被重复地执行。类似地，处理的顺序对于实现在此描述的特征和优势不一定是需要的，提供处理的顺序仅仅是为了便于说明和描述。控制逻辑可以主要由软件实施，该软件由基于微处理器的车辆、发动机和/或动力传动系统控制器(诸如，控制器50)执行。当然，根据特定的应用，控制逻辑可由一个或更多个控制器中的软件、硬件或软件与硬件的结合实施。当由软件实施时，控制逻辑可设置在一个或更多个计算机可读存储装置或介质中，该计算机可读存储装置或介质存储了代表由计算机执行以控制车辆或其子系统的指令或代码的数据。计算机可读存储装置或介质可包括多个已知的物理装置中的一个或更多个，该物理装置采用电、磁和/或光学存储来保持可执行指令和相关的校准信息、操作变量等。
车辆的驾驶员使用加速踏板52来提供需求的扭矩、功率或驱动命令以推进车辆。通常，踩下和松开加速踏板52分别产生可被控制器50解释为需要增大功率或减小功率的加速踏板位置信号。车辆的驾驶员还使用制动踏板58 来提供需求的制动扭矩以使车辆减慢。通常，踩下和松开制动踏板58产生可被控制器50解释为需要减小车速的制动踏板位置信号。基于来自加速踏板 52和制动踏板58的输入，控制器50命令扭矩至发动机14、M/G 18和摩擦制动器60。控制器50还控制齿轮箱24中的换挡正时，以及分离离合器26 和变矩器旁通离合器34的接合或分离。与分离离合器26相似，能够在接合位置与分离位置之间的范围内调节变矩器旁通离合器34。除由泵轮与涡轮之间的液力耦合产生的可变打滑之外，这在变矩器22中也产生了可变打滑。可选地，根据特定的应用，变矩器旁通离合器34可操作为锁止或断开，而不使用被调节的操作模式。
为了使用发动机14驱动车辆，分离离合器26至少部分地接合，以将发动机扭矩的至少一部分通过分离离合器26传递到M/G 18，然后从M/G 18传递通过变矩器22和齿轮箱24。M/G 18可通过提供额外的动力使轴30转动来辅助发动机14。这种操作模式可称为“混合动力模式”或“电动辅助模式”。
为了使用M/G 18作为唯一的动力源来驱动车辆，除了分离离合器26使发动机14与动力传动系统12的其余部分隔离以外，动力流保持不变。在此期间，发动机14中的燃烧可禁用或以其他方式关闭，以节省燃料。牵引电池 20通过线路54向可包括(例如)逆变器的电力电子器件56传递所储存的电能。电力电子器件56将来自电池20的DC电压转换为AC电压以供M/G 18 使用。控制器50命令电力电子器件56将来自电池20的电压转换为提供到 M/G 18的AC电压，以向轴30提供正扭矩或负扭矩。这种操作模式可被称作“纯电动”或“EV”操作模式。
在任何操作模式中，M/G 18可用作电动机并为动力传动系统12提供驱动力。可选地，M/G 18可用作发电机并将来自动力传动系统12的动能转换为电能储存在电池20中。例如，M/G 18可在发动机14正在为车辆10提供推进动力时用作发电机。此外，M/G 18可在再生制动期间用作发电机，其中，在再生制动期间，来自旋转的车轮42的扭矩和旋转能(或动能)或功率通过齿轮箱24、变矩器22(和/或变矩器旁通离合器34)往回传递并被转换成电能储存在电池20中。
应理解的是，图1中示出的示意图仅仅是示例性的，并不意在限制。可预期采用发动机和电动机两者的选择性的接合来通过变速器进行传递的其它构造。例如，M/G 18可相对于曲轴28偏移，可设置额外的电动机来启动 发动机14，和/或M/G 18可设置在变矩器22与齿轮箱24之间。在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，可预期其它构造。
应当理解的是，在此描述的车辆构造仅为示例，并不意在限制。其它非混合动力、电动或混合动力车辆构造应当被理解为在此被公开。其它车辆构造可包括但不限于：由内燃发动机驱动的车辆、微混合动力车辆、串联式混合动力车辆、并联式混合动力车辆、串-并联式混合动力车辆、插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、燃料电池混合动力车辆、电池运转的电动车辆(BEV) 或者本领域普通技术人员已知的任何其它车辆构造。
参照图2A、图2B和图2C，示出了代表的后厢盖(tonneau cover)62。后厢盖62还可被称为车厢盖、卡车车厢盖或卡车车厢后盖。后厢盖62可包括设置在外板65上的光电板(或光电单元)64。后厢盖62包括第一组电连接器66、第二组电连接器68、第三组电连接器70和第四组电连接器72。第一组电连接器66可被称为第一电连接器和第二电连接器，第二组电连接器 68可被称为第三电连接器和第四电连接器，第三组电连接器70可被称为第五电连接器和第六电连接器，并且第四组电连接器72可被称为第七电连接器和第八电连接器。每组电连接器可被配置为将光电板64连接到包括电池的开路电路，使得由光电板64从光能转化的电能对电池进行充电。尽管描述的实施例恰好包括四组电连接器，但是本公开应被解释为包括具有一组或更多组电连接器的后厢盖。
每组电连接器可被配置为将光电板64连接到特定车型的特定开路电路，所述开路电路包括电池，从而光电板64可对特定车型的电池进行充电。电池可以是混合动力车辆的牵引电池(诸如，电池20)，所述牵引电池还可被称为高电压电池。可选地，电池可以是低电压电池，所述低电压电池被配置为给发动机启动 马达、控制面板、无线电广播设备、HVAC鼓风机、其它娱乐系统(即，电视或DVD/蓝光播放器)以及任何其它车辆附件供电。电连接器可以是可伸缩的，或者被设计成不与非混合动力卡车车厢的物理设计相干扰，以允许后厢盖用于更广泛的卡车并作为标准的非光电盖使用。
参照图3和图4，分别示出了HEV 10的侧视图和后视图。HEV 10可以是包括货厢(或卡车车厢)74的混合动力卡车。货厢74可包括从货厢地板 80向上延伸的第一侧76和第二侧78。HEV 10可包括具有电池84的第一开路电路82。如上所述，电池84可以是牵引电池20或低电压电池。第一开路电路82从由卡车车厢74的第一侧76限定的第一电插座86延伸到由卡车车厢74的第二侧78限定的第二电插座88。第一电连接器和第二电连接器(即，第一组电连接器66)可分别设置在第一电插座86和第二电插座88内或分别接合第一电插座86和第二电插座88，从而使第一开路电路82闭合并将光电板64连接到电池84。
后厢盖62可包括紧固系统，所述紧固系统接合第一电插座86和第二电插座88以将后厢盖62固定到货厢74的顶部。紧固系统可具体指或可包括第一电连接器和第二电连接器(即，第一组电连接器66)。例如，紧固系统可包括电连接器66，所述电连接器66进而可包括接合由货厢74限定的狭槽92 的可伸缩夹90，所述狭槽92邻近第一电插座86和第二电插座88。紧固系统可包括第一组金属触头94。第一开路电路82可包括被设置在第一电插座86 和第二电插座88内的第二组金属触头96。紧固系统可接合第一电插座86和第二电插座88，使得第一组金属触头94与第二组金属触头96接合，以使第一开路电路82闭合并且将光电板64连接到电池84。
第二组电连接器68可被配置为将光电板64连接到第二电池，所述第二电池为第二车辆(或卡车)的部件，第三组电连接器70可被配置为将光电板 64连接到第三电池，所述第三电池为第三车辆(或卡车)的部件，并且第四组电连接器72可被配置为将光电板64连接到第四电池，所述第四电池为第四车辆(或卡车)的部件。以与第一组电连接器66使第一开路电路82闭合并将光电板64连接到HEV 10的电池84相同的方式(如上所述)，第二组电连接器可使第二开路电路闭合并将光电板64连接到第二电池(其可以是牵引电池或低电压电池)，第三组电连接器可使第三开路电路闭合并将光电板64 连接到第三电池(其可以是牵引电池或低电压电池)，并且第四组电连接器可使第四开路电路闭合并将光电板64连接到第四电池(其可以是牵引电池或低电压电池)。每组电连接器还可以以与如上所述的第一组连接器66相同的方式用作紧固机构，而不管它们是否将光电板64连接到特定车辆的电池。
图3示出了第一组连接器66，第一组连接器66用于使第一开路电路82 闭合并将光电板64连接到电池84，而第二组电连接器68、第三组电连接器 70以及第四组电连接器72被示出为不使第一开路电路82闭合且不将光电板 64连接到电池84。类似的配置可对每组电连接器适用。例如，在四组连接器中可能只有第二组电连接器68被配置为使第二开路电路闭合并将光电板64 连接到第二车辆的第二电池，在四组连接器中可能只有第三组电连接器70被配置为使第三开路电路闭合并将光电板64连接到第三车辆的第三电池，并且在四组连接器中可能只有第四组电连接器72被配置为使第四开路电路闭合并将光电板64连接到第四车辆的第四电池。
参照图5，示出了后厢盖62'的替代实施例的剖视图。为了说明的目的，省略了剖面线。除非在此另有描述，否则后厢盖62'的替代实施例包括后厢盖 62的所有元件。后厢盖62'的替代实施例中的紧固系统包括多个钩98，所述钩98围绕后厢盖62'的周边设置。钩98接合由设置在货厢74的第一侧76和第二侧78的顶部的顶盖102限定的狭槽100。第一组金属触头94设置在紧固系统的钩98上，而第二组金属触头96设置在由顶盖102限定的狭槽100中。钩98可接合狭槽100，使得第一组金属触头94与第二组金属触头96接合，以使第一开路电路82闭合并将光电板64连接到电池84。后厢盖62'的替代实施例还可包括多组电连接器(例如，钩98和金属触头94的组合)，所述多组电连接器被配置为以与上述相同的方式将光电板64连接到特定车辆或车型的特定开路电路和电池。此外，以与上述相同的方式，每组电连接器可仅用于将光电板64连接到特定车辆或车型的特定开路电路和电池，而不用于将光电板64连接到其它车辆或车型的特定开路电路和电池。
说明书中使用的词语为描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下可进行各种改变。如上所述，可组合多个实施例的特征以形成可能未被明确描述或示出的进一步的实施例。虽然多个实施例可能已经被描述为提供优点或在一个或更多个期望特性方面优于其它实施例或现有技术实施方式，但是本领域的普通技术人员将意识到，可以对一个或更多个特征或特性进行折衷以实现期望的整体系统属性，该属性取决于具体的应用和实施方式。这样，被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其它实施例或现有技术实施方式合意的实施例并不在本公开的范围之外，并且可被期望用于特定的应用。

Claims (10)

1.一种车辆，包括：
货厢，具有向上延伸的第一侧和第二侧；
第一顶盖和第二顶盖，分别设置在第一侧和第二侧的顶部，并且分别限定第一狭槽和第二狭槽；
第一开路电路，具有第一电池，从第一狭槽延伸到第二狭槽，并且具有设置在第一狭槽和第二狭槽中的第一组电触头；
后厢盖，具有光电板以及多个紧固钩，所述多个紧固钩设置在后厢盖的周边，具有第二组电触头，并且接合第一狭槽和第二狭槽，使得后厢盖被固定到货厢，并且使得第一组电触头与第二组电触头接合，以将光电板连接到第一开路电路并使第一开路电路闭合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述后厢盖包括第三组电触头，所述第三组电触头被配置为将光电板连接到包括第二电池的第二开路电路，并使第二开路电路闭合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，其中，所述第三组电触头被配置为不将光电板连接到第一开路电路并且不使第一开路电路闭合，并且第二组电触头被配置为不将光电板连接到第二开路电路并且不使第二开路电路闭合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车辆，其中，所述车辆还包括被配置为用于推进车辆的电机，并且所述第一电池被配置为将电力传递给电机。
5.一种卡车车厢的后厢盖，包括：
光电单元，设置在外板上；
多个钩，围绕外板的周边设置，所述多个钩被构造为接合限定在设置于卡车车厢的相对两侧的顶盖中的狭槽，以将后厢盖固定到卡车车厢，并且所述多个钩具有第一组电触头，所述第一组电触头被配置为与狭槽中的匹配电触头接合以将光电单元连接到第一电池。
6.根据权利要求5所述的卡车车厢的后厢盖，其中，所述多个钩包括第二组电触头，所述第二组电触头被配置为将光电单元连接到第二电池。
7.根据权利要求6所述的卡车车厢的后厢盖，其中，所述第二组电触头被配置为不将光电单元连接到第一电池，并且所述第一组电触头被配置为不将光电单元连接到第二电池。
8.一种混合动力卡车，包括：
牵引电池，被配置为给电机供电；
货厢；
第一顶盖和第二顶盖，分别设置在货厢的相对两侧，并且分别限定第一狭槽和第二狭槽；
第一电路，连接到牵引电池，从第一狭槽延伸到第二狭槽，并且具有设置在第一狭槽和第二狭槽中的第一组电触头；
货厢盖，具有光电板以及多个紧固钩，所述多个紧固钩设置在货厢盖的周边，所述紧固钩具有第二组电触头并且接合第一狭槽和第二狭槽，使得货厢盖被固定到货厢，并且使得第一组电触头与第二组电触头接合，从而将光电板连接到第一电路并使第一电路闭合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合动力卡车，其中，所述货厢盖包括第三组电触头，所述第三组电触头被配置为经由第二电路将光电板连接到第二电池。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力卡车，其中，所述第三组电触头被配置为不将光电板连接到牵引电池，并且第二组电触头被配置为不将光电板连接到第二电池。
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