CN110878734A - 对车辆中的发动机起动机马达进行预充磁的车辆和方法 - Google Patents

对车辆中的发动机起动机马达进行预充磁的车辆和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110878734A
CN110878734A CN201910847058.2A CN201910847058A CN110878734A CN 110878734 A CN110878734 A CN 110878734A CN 201910847058 A CN201910847058 A CN 201910847058A CN 110878734 A CN110878734 A CN 110878734A
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Prior art keywords
engine
temperature
vehicle
controller
electric machine
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CN201910847058.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
安东尼·博伊科
斯蒂芬·鲍威尔
帕特里克·戈登·柯林斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/192—Mitigating problems related to power-up or power-down of the driveline, e.g. start-up of a cold engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0859—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines specially adapted to the type of the starter motor or integrated into it
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/28—Arrangements for controlling current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N11/0862—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N2200/00—Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
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Abstract

本公开提供了“对车辆中的发动机起动机马达进行预充磁的车辆和方法”。一种车辆，包括发动机、电机和控制器。所述电机被配置成起动所述发动机。所述控制器被编程为用电流对电机进行预充磁，所述电流的大小随着发动机的温度在预定义范围内变化而变化。

Description

对车辆中的发动机起动机马达进行预充磁的车辆和方法
技术领域
本公开涉及用于控制车辆中的发动机起动机马达的车辆和方法。
背景技术
包括内燃发动机的车辆可以包括起动机马达，所述起动机马达被配置成在发动机的起动序列期间转动发动机。
发明内容
一种车辆包括发动机、电机和控制器。所述电机被配置成起动发动机。所述控制器被编程为用电流对电机进行预充磁(pre-flux)，所述电流的大小随着发动机的温度在预定义范围内变化而变化。
一种车辆包括发动机、电机和控制器。所述电机被配置成起动发动机。所述控制器被编程为响应于发动机温度低于阈值，禁止输送电流来对电机进行预充磁。所述控制器还被编程为响应于发动机温度超过阈值，输送命令的电流来对电机进行预充磁。
一种车辆包括发动机、电机和控制器。所述电机被配置成起动发动机。所述控制器被编程为用电流对电机进行预充磁，所述电流的大小随着电机的温度在预定义范围内变化而变化。
附图说明
图1是混合动力电动车辆的示例性动力传动系统的示意图；
图2是示出对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的方法的流程图；
图3是输送到发动机起动装置的命令的预充磁电流相对于发动机温度的二维图形表示；
图4是输送到发动机起动装置的命令的预充磁电流相对于发动机温度和发动机起动装置的温度的三维图形表示；以及
图5是二维图形表示，其将在其中向发动机起动装置施加预充磁电流的发动机起动序列期间的发动机扭矩和发动机转速相对于在其中没有向发动机起动装置施加预充磁电流的发动机起动序列期间的发动机扭矩和发动机转速进行比较。
具体实施方式
本文中描述了本公开的实施例。然而，应当理解，所公开的实施例仅仅是示例，并且其他实施例可以采取各种形式和替代形式。附图不一定按比例绘制；一些特征可能被放大或最小化以示出特定部件的细节。因此，本文公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制性的，而是仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以各种方式采用实施例的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员应理解，参考任一附图示出并描述的各种特征可以与一个或多个其他附图中示出的特征进行组合，以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。所示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，特定应用或实施方式可以期望与本公开的教导一致的特征的各个组合和修改。
参考图1，示出了根据本公开的实施例的混合动力电动车辆(HEV)10的示意图。图1示出了部件之间的代表性关系。车辆内的部件的实体布局和取向可以改变。HEV 10包括动力传动系统12。动力传动系统12包括驱动变速器16的发动机14，所述变速器可以被称为模块化混合动力变速器(MHT)。如下文将进一步详细描述的，变速器16包括诸如电动马达/发电机(M/G)18的电机、相关联的牵引电池20、变矩器22以及多级传动比变速器或齿轮箱24。
发动机14和M/G 18都是HEV 10的驱动源，其被配置成用于推进HEV 10。发动机14通常表示动力源，其可以包括内燃发动机(例如汽油、柴油或天然气供能的发动机)或燃料电池。当发动机14与M/G 18之间的分离离合器26至少部分地接合时，发动机14产生发动机动力和对应的发动机扭矩，所述发动机扭矩被提供给M/G 18。M/G 18可以由多种类型的电机中的任何一种来实施。例如，M/G 18可以是永磁同步马达。电力电子器件将电池20提供的直流(DC)电力调节为M/G 18的需求，如下所述。例如，电力电子器件可以向M/G18提供三相交流(AC)。
当分离离合器26至少部分地接合时，从发动机14到M/G 18的功率流或从M/G 18到发动机14的功率流是可能的。例如，分离离合器26可以接合，并且M/G 18可以作为发电机操作，以将由曲轴28和M/G轴30提供的旋转能量转换成电能以存储在电池20中。分离离合器26也可以脱离以将发动机14与动力传动系统12的其余部分隔离，使得M/G 18可以充当HEV 10的唯一驱动源。轴30延伸穿过M/G 18。M/G 18可连续驱动地连接到轴30，而发动机14仅在分离离合器26至少部分地接合时可驱动地连接到轴30。
M/G 18经由轴30连接到变矩器22。因此，当分离离合器26至少部分地接合时，变矩器22连接到发动机14。变矩器22包括固定到M/G轴30的泵轮和固定到变速器输入轴32的涡轮。变矩器22因此在轴30与变速器输入轴32之间提供液力联接。当泵轮比涡轮旋转得更快时，变矩器22将动力从泵轮传输到涡轮。涡轮扭矩和泵轮扭矩的大小通常取决于相对速度。当泵轮转速与涡轮转速的比足够高时，涡轮扭矩是泵轮扭矩的多倍。还可以提供变矩器旁通离合器34(也称为变矩器锁止离合器)，其在接合时摩擦地或机械地联接变矩器22的泵轮和涡轮，从而允许更高效的动力传递。变矩器旁通离合器34可以作为起步离合器操作，以提供平稳的车辆起步。替代地或组合地，类似于分离离合器26的起步离合器可以设置在M/G18与齿轮箱24之间，以用于不包括变矩器22或变矩器旁通离合器34的应用。在一些应用中，分离离合器26通常被称为上游离合器，而起步离合器34(其可以是变矩器旁通离合器)通常被称为下游离合器。
齿轮箱24可以包括齿轮组(未示出)，所述齿轮组通过选择性地接合诸如离合器和制动器(未示出)的摩擦元件而选择性地置于不同的齿轮比中，以建立所需的多个离散传动比或多级传动比。摩擦元件可通过换挡计划来控制，所述换挡计划连接和断开齿轮组的某些元件以控制变速器输出轴36和变速器输入轴32之间的传动比。基于各种车辆和环境工况，齿轮箱24通过相关联的控制器(诸如动力传动系统控制单元(PCU))自动地从一个传动比切换到另一个传动比。来自发动机14和M/G 18这两者的动力和扭矩可以被输送到齿轮箱24并由齿轮箱24接收。齿轮箱24然后将动力传动系统输出动力和扭矩提供给输出轴36。
应当理解，与变矩器22一起使用的液压控制的齿轮箱24仅仅是齿轮箱或传动装置的一个示例；接受来自发动机和/或马达的输入扭矩并且然后以不同传动比向输出轴提供扭矩的任何多传动比齿轮箱都可用于本公开的实施例。例如，齿轮箱24可以通过自动机械(或手动)变速器(AMT)来实施，所述变速器包括一个或多个伺服马达以沿着换挡导轨(shift rail)平移/旋转换挡拨叉(shift fork)以选择期望的齿轮比。如本领域普通技术人员通常所理解的，AMT可以用于例如具有较高扭矩要求的应用中。
如图1的代表性实施例所示，输出轴36连接到差速器40。差速器40经由连接到差速器40的相应车桥44驱动一对车轮42。差速器向每个车轮42传递大致相等的扭矩，同时允许轻微的转速差，诸如当车辆转弯时。可以使用不同类型的差速器或类似装置来将扭矩从动力传动系统分配到一个或多个车轮。在一些应用中，扭矩分配可以根据例如特定的操作模式或工况而变化。
动力传动系统12还包括相关联的控制器50，诸如动力传动系统控制单元(PCU)。虽然被示为一个控制器，但是控制器50可以是较大控制系统的一部分，并且可以由整个车辆10中的各种其他控制器(诸如车辆系统控制器(VSC))来控制。因此应当理解，动力传动系统控制单元50和一个或多个其他控制器可以统称为“控制器”，其响应于来自各种传感器的信号来控制各种致动器，以控制诸如起动/停止发动机14、操作M/G 18以提供诸如车轮扭矩或为电池20充电、选择或安排变速器换挡等的功能。控制器50可以包括与各种类型的计算机可读存储装置或介质通信的微处理器或中央处理单元(CPU)。计算机可读存储装置或介质可以包括例如只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和保活存储器(KAM)中的易失性存储器和非易失性存储器。KAM是可以用于在CPU断电时存储各种操作变量的持久性或非易失性存储器。计算机可读存储装置或介质可以使用许多已知存储器装置中的任何一种来实施，诸如PROM(可编程只读存储器)、EPROM(电PROM)、EEPROM(电可擦除PROM)、快闪存储器或能够存储数据的任何其他电、磁性、光学或组合存储器装置，其中一些代表由控制器用于控制发动机或车辆的可执行指令。
控制器经由输入/输出(I/O)接口(包括输入和输出信道)与各种发动机/车辆传感器和致动器进行通信，该接口可以被实施为提供各种原始数据或信号调节、处理和/或转换、短路保护等等的单个集成接口。替代地，可以使用一个或多个专用硬件或固件芯片以在将特定信号供应到CPU之前调节和处理所述特定信号。如图1的代表性实施例中大体上所示，控制器50可以向发动机14、分离离合器26、M/G18、电池20、起步离合器34、变速器齿轮箱24以及电力电子器件56传送信号和/或传送来自发动机14、分离离合器26、M/G 18、电池20、起步离合器34、变速器齿轮箱24以及电力电子器件56的信号。尽管没有明确说明，但是本领域普通技术人员将认识到上述每个子系统内可以由控制器50控制的各种功能或部件。可以使用由控制器执行的控制逻辑和/或算法直接或间接致动的参数、系统和/或部件的代表性示例包括：燃料喷射正时、速率和持续时间，节气门位置，火花塞点火正时(用于火花点火发动机)，进气/排气门正时和持续时间，前端附件驱动(FEAD)部件(诸如交流发电机、空调压缩机)，电池充电或放电(包括确定最大充放电功率极限)，再生制动，M/G操作，分离离合器26、起步离合器34以及变速器齿轮箱24的离合器压力等。通过I/O接口传送输入的传感器可以用于指示例如：涡轮增压器增压压力，曲轴位置(PIP)，发动机转速(RPM)，车轮速度(WS1、WS2)，车速(VSS)，冷却剂温度(ECT)，进气歧管压力(MAP)，加速踏板位置(PPS)，点火开关位置(IGN)，节气门位置(TP)，空气温度(TMP)，排气氧(EGO)或其他排气成分浓度或存在，进气流量(MAF)，变速器挡位、传动比或模式，变速器油温(TOT)，变速器涡轮转速(TS)，变矩器旁通离合器34状态(TCC)，减速或换挡模式(MDE)，电池温度、电压、电流或荷电状态(SOC)。
由控制器50执行的控制逻辑或功能可以由一个或多个图中的流程图或类似图来表示。这些图提供了代表性控制策略和/或逻辑，所述代表性控制策略和/或逻辑可以使用一个或多个处理策略来实施，诸如事件驱动、中断驱动、多任务、多线程等。因此，所示的各种步骤或功能可以以所示顺序执行、并行地执行，或者在某些情况下被省略。尽管并不总是明确说明，但是本领域普通技术人员将认识到，可以根据所使用的特定处理策略重复执行所示步骤或功能中的一个或多个。类似地，处理顺序不一定是实现本文中描述的特征和优点所必需的，而是为了易于说明和描述而提供的。控制逻辑可以主要在由基于微处理器的车辆、发动机和/或动力传动系统控制器(诸如控制器50)执行的软件中实施。当然，控制逻辑可以在一个或多个控制器中的软件、硬件或软件和硬件的组合中实施，这取决于特定应用。当在软件中实施时，控制逻辑可以提供在一个或多个计算机可读存储装置或介质中，该存储装置或介质具有表示由计算机执行以控制车辆或其子系统的代码或指令的存储数据。计算机可读存储装置或介质可以包括多个已知物理装置中的一个或多个，所述物理装置利用电、磁性和/或光学存储装置来保存可执行指令和相关校准信息、操作变量等。
车辆驾驶员使用加速踏板52来提供所需的扭矩、动力或驱动命令以推动车辆。通常，压下和释放加速踏板52产生加速踏板位置信号，该加速踏板位置信号可以由控制器50解译为分别增大功率或减小功率的需求。车辆驾驶员还使用制动踏板58来提供所需的制动扭矩以使车辆减速。通常，压下和释放制动踏板58产生制动踏板位置信号，该制动踏板位置信号可以由控制器50解译为降低车速的需求。基于来自加速器踏板52和制动踏板58的输入，控制器50命令扭矩至发动机14、M/G 18和摩擦制动器60。控制器50还控制齿轮箱24内的换挡正时，以及分离离合器26和变矩器旁通离合器34的接合或脱离。与分离离合器26一样，变矩器旁通离合器34可以在接合位置与脱离位置之间的范围内调制。除了由泵轮与涡轮之间的液力联接产生的可变滑差之外，这也在变矩器22中产生可变滑差。替代地，根据特定应用，变矩器旁通离合器34可以在不使用调制后的操作模式的情况下被操作为锁定或打开。
为了用发动机14驱动车辆，分离离合器26至少部分地接合以将发动机扭矩的至少一部分通过分离离合器26传递到M/G 18，然后从M/G 18传递通过变矩器22和齿轮箱24。M/G18可以通过提供附加的动力以使轴30转动而辅助发动机14。该操作模式可以被称为“混合动力模式”或“电动辅助模式”。
为了以M/G 18作为唯一动力源来驱动车辆，除了分离离合器26将发动机14与动力传动系统12的其余部分隔离之外，功率流保持不变。在此期间，发动机14中的燃烧可以被禁用或以其他方式关闭以节省燃料。牵引电池20通过线路54将存储的电能传输到电力电子器件56，该电力电子器件56可以包括例如逆变器。电力电子器件56将来自电池20的DC电压转换为将由M/G 18使用的AC电压。控制器50命令电力电子器件56将来自电池20的电压转换为提供给M/G18的AC电压以向轴30提供正或负扭矩。该操作模式可以称为“仅电动”或“EV”操作模式。
在任何操作模式中，M/G 18都可以充当马达并且为动力传动系统12提供驱动力。替代地，M/G 18可以充当发电机并将来自动力传动系统12的动能转换成电能以存储在电池20中。例如，当发动机14为车辆10提供推进动力时，M/G 18可以充当发电机。M/G 18还可以在再生制动期间充当发电机，在再生制动中，来自旋转车轮42的扭矩和旋转能量(或动能)通过齿轮箱24、变矩器22(和/或变矩器旁通离合器34)传递回来并被转换成电能以存储在电池20中。
电池20和M/G 18还可以被配置成向一个或多个车辆附件62提供动力。车辆附件62可以包括但不限于空调系统、动力转向系统、电加热器或任何其他电动操作的系统或装置。
集成式起动机-发电机(ISG)64可以联接到发动机14(即，可以联接到发动机14的曲轴28)。ISG 64是电机，其被配置成在发动机起动事件期间作为起动机马达操作来起动发动机14，或者在车辆操作期间向动力传动系统12提供附加的扭矩。辅助电池72可以被配置成向ISG 64输送电力，以将ISG 64作为马达操作。ISG 64还可以被配置成从发动机14接收扭矩并作为发电机操作。ISG 64可以通过离合器66、带68以及一对带轮70选择性地联接到发动机。如果ISG 64通过带68联接到发动机，则其可以被称为带传动起动机-发电机(BISG)。控制器50可以被配置成向ISG 64发送信号，以将ISG 64作为马达或发电机来操作。控制器还可以被配置成向离合器66发送信号以断开或闭合离合器66。ISG 64在离合器处于闭合状态时将联接到发动机14，而在离合器66处于断开状态时将与发动机14分离。在作为发电机操作时，ISG 64可以被配置成提供电能以对辅助电池72、牵引电池20充电，或者提供电能以对车辆附件62供电。辅助电池72也可以被配置成对车辆附件62供电。
ISG 64的转子包括一个或多个转子线圈74，并且ISG 64的定子包括一个或多个定子线圈76。当经由第一电流供电时由转子线圈74提供的磁通量与流过定子线圈76的第二电流的相互作用产生在发动机起动期间驱动发动机14的扭矩。分别用于为转子线圈74和定子线圈76供电的第一电流和第二电流可以从辅助电池72或任何其他电源输送到线圈。为了在发动机起动期间快速提供扭矩，当发动机14关闭且当没有电流被命令流到定子线圈76时，可以向转子线圈74提供预充磁电流。这允许ISG 64在施加电流以为定子线圈76供电时立即向发动机14提供扭矩。
控制器50可以被配置成经由电信号接收图1中示出的各种车辆部件的各种状态或状况。可以经由输入信道将电信号从各种部件输送至控制器50。另外，从各种部件接收的电信号可以指示用于改变或更改车辆10的相应部件中的一者或多者的状态的请求或命令。控制器50包括被配置成(经由电信号)向各种车辆部件输送请求或命令的输出信道。控制器50包括控制逻辑和/或算法，所述控制逻辑和/或算法被配置成基于各种车辆部件的请求、命令、状况或状态来生成通过输出信道输送的请求或命令。
输入信道和输出信道如图1中的虚线示出。应当理解，单一虚线可以表示进出单个元件的输入信道和输出信道两者。此外，进入一个元件的输出信道可以充当通往另一元件的输入信道，反之亦然。
应当理解，图1中所示的示意图仅仅是代表性的，而不是限制性的。可以设想利用发动机和马达两者的选择性接合来通过变速器传递动力的其他配置。例如，M/G 18可以偏离曲轴28，和/或M/G 18可以设置在变矩器22与齿轮箱24之间。在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，可以设想其他配置。
还应当理解，本文描述的车辆配置仅是示例性的并且并不旨在限制。其他非混合动力或混合动力车辆配置应如本文所公开的进行解释。其他车辆配置可以包括但不限于微混合动力车辆(即，仅将发动机作为动力源的车辆，其中发动机被配置成在某些状况下停止以提高燃料经济性)、串联混合动力车辆、并联混合动力车辆、串并联混合动力车辆、插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)、或本领域普通技术人员已知的任何其他车辆配置。
包括发动机起动/停止系统的混合动力车辆和车辆可以在动力传动系统的电气部件(电池、马达等)能够满足驾驶员的需求时、在车辆处于静止状态时、在车辆正在减速时，或在不需要来自发动机的动力输出的任何其他时间，通过关闭发动机来节省燃料。然而，该策略要求发动机在车辆寿命期间比常规车辆起动更频繁。这个数字远远超过了传统12V飞轮起动机的能力，因此替代地使用诸如带传动起动机/发电机(BISG)等替代方案。然而，这些替代的起动装置可能无法提供足够的扭矩来转动起动大型柴油或汽油发动机，诸如大型商用车辆中使用的。此外，随着发动机温度升高，转动起动发动机所需的扭矩急剧增大，一旦车辆处于标准工作温度，这导致更多失败的转动起动。
提出的解决方案是对发动机起动装置(例如，ISG 64)进行预充磁。对发动机起动装置进行预充磁增加了传递到发动机曲轴的扭矩量，并减少了向曲轴输送增加量的扭矩所需的时间段。预充磁包括用来自电源(例如，辅助电池72)的电流使发动机起动装置的转子线圈磁饱和，使得一旦发送发动机起动命令，发动机起动装置就尽可能快地提供扭矩。对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的缺点是其需要额外的能量，这可能增加燃料消耗。为了最小化预充磁并且为了仅在最可能需要的情况下利用预充磁(例如，在其中发动机已经处于工作温度的发动机重新起动期间)，可能有利的是，仅当发动机温度指示这样做是适当的时才对发动机起动装置进行预充磁并且相对于起动发动机所需的扭矩的增大或减小来调整输送到发动机起动装置的电流，所述扭矩相对于发动机温度的升高或降低相应地增大或减小。
参考图2，示出了对发动机起动装置(例如，ISG 64)进行预充磁的方法100。方法100可以作为控制逻辑和/或算法存储在控制器50内。控制器50可以通过控制车辆10的各种部件来实施方法100。方法100在框102处开始，其中确定发动机14是否已经关闭。如果发动机14尚未关闭，则方法100再循环回到框102的开始。如果发动机14已经关闭，则方法100移到框104。
在框104处，确定发动机14的温度和/或发动机起动装置的温度是否分别大于第一预定义阈值和第二预定义阈值。如果发动机14的温度和/或发动机起动装置的温度大于它们相应的预定义阈值，则方法100移到框106，在框106处，命令的电流从电源输送到发动机起动装置来对发动机起动装置进行预充磁(例如，辅助电池72将电流输送到ISG 64的转子线圈74来对ISG 64的转子线圈74进行预充磁)。被输送以对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的命令的电流的大小是基于发动机14的温度和/或发动机起动装置的温度。更具体地，控制器50被配置成响应于发动机14的温度升高到和/或发动机起动装置的温度升高到其相应的预定义阈值以上并在高出它们的相应预定义阈值的相应的预定义范围内(例如，相对于发动机温度的第一范围和相对于发动机起动装置的温度的第二范围)而增大命令的电流来对发动机起动装置进行预充磁。
发动机14和发动机起动装置(例如，ISG 64)的温度可以由温度传感器确定，所述温度传感器将发动机14和发动机起动装置的当前温度传达给控制器50。具体地，发动机14的温度可以是发动机油、发动机冷却剂、发动机缸体的测量温度，或基于其他车辆部件的测量温度(例如，变速器内的流体温度)的估计温度。
返回到框104，如果发动机14的温度和发动机起动装置的温度不高于它们相应的预定义阈值，则方法100移到框108，在框108处，控制器50防止或禁止对发动机起动装置进行预充磁。应当理解，图2中的流程图仅用于说明目的，并且方法100不应被解释为限于图2中的流程图。可以重新布置方法100的一些步骤，同时可以完全省略其他步骤。此外，应当理解，可以调整方法100，使得输送到发动机起动装置的预充磁电流的大小以及控制器50是否正在阻止或禁止预充磁电流可以仅取决于发动机14的温度或发动机起动装置的温度。
参考图3，示出了输送到发动机起动装置(例如，ISG 64)的命令的预充磁电流相对于发动机温度的二维图形表示。输送到发动机起动装置的命令的预充磁电流被示为线110。图3是输送到发动机起动装置的预充磁电流的大小仅基于发动机14的温度的示例。在温度T0和T1之间，用于对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的命令的电流的大小为零。这对应于发动机14的温度低于预定义阈值温度使得控制器50禁止对发动机起动装置进行预充磁(参见图2中的框108)的情况。在范围在T1和T2之间的发动机温度下，对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的命令的电流的大小根据预定义或校准值从温度T1下的零增大到温度T2下的最大命令值I最大。这对应于高于发动机14的阈值温度(即，温度T1)的预定义范围(即，在温度T1和T2之间)，在所述预定义范围中，对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的命令的电流随着发动机14的温度升高而增大(参见图2中的框106)。在T2及以上的温度下，对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的命令的电流对应于最大命令值I最大。
应当理解，图3中的曲线图还可以表示这样的示例，其中输送到发动机起动装置的预充磁电流的大小是仅基于发动机起动装置(例如，ISG 64)的温度。然而，用于将对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的电流从温度T1下的零逐渐增大到温度T2下的最大命令值I最大的温度值和预定义或校准值可以不同于图3中所描绘的值。
参考图4，示出了输送到发动机起动装置(例如，ISG 64)的命令的预充磁电流相对于发动机温度和发动机起动装置的温度的三维图形表示。输送到发动机起动装置的命令的预充磁电流被示为表面112。输送到发动机起动装置的命令的预充磁电流具有响应于发动机14的温度沿着Y轴升高并且响应于发动机起动装置的温度沿着X轴升高而沿着Z轴增大的值。
在表面112的第一区域114内，发动机温度和发动机起动装置的温度的组合指示对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的命令的电流的大小为零。这对应于发动机14和/或发动机起动装置的温度低于相应的预定义阈值温度使得控制器50禁止对发动机起动装置进行预充磁(参见图2中的框108)的情况。
在表面112的第二区域116内，随着发动机14的温度和/或发动机起动装置的温度升高，对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的命令的电流根据预定义或校准值从零增大到最大命令值I最大。第二区域116对应于发动机14的温度和/或发动机起动装置的温度的预定义范围，其分别高于发动机14的温度阈值和发动机起动装置的温度阈值，其中对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的命令的电流随着发动机14的温度和/或发动机起动装置的温度升高而增大(参见图2中的框106)。在表面112的第三区域118内，其中发动机14和/或发动机起动装置的温度比在第二区域116内相对更高，用于对发动机起动装置进行预充磁的命令的电流对应于最大命令值I最大。
图5是二维图形表示，其将在其中向发动机起动装置施加预充磁电流的发动机14的起动序列期间的发动机扭矩和发动机转速相对于在其中没有向发动机起动装置施加预充磁电流的发动机14的起动序列期间的发动机扭矩和发动机转速进行比较。在其中向发动机起动装置(即，ISG 64)施加预充磁电流的起动序列期间的发动机扭矩(即，发动机曲轴28处的扭矩)由线120示出，在其中没有向发动机起动装置施加预充磁电流的起动序列期间的发动机扭矩由线122示出，在其中向发动机起动装置施加预充磁电流的起动序列期间的发动机转速(即，发动机14的转速)由线124示出，并且在其中没有向发动机起动装置施加预充磁电流的起动序列期间的发动机转速由线126示出。在阴影区域128内观察到在起动序列开始时获得的扭矩，所述扭矩由对发动机起动装置进行预充磁引起。当发动机14在较高温度下操作时，所获得的扭矩128补偿起动发动机14可能需要的任何额外扭矩。此外，由对发动机起动装置进行预充磁引起的附加扭矩允许发动机14以更快的速度达到操作转速(这被观察为线124和126之间的差异)。
应当理解，对于预定义阈值、预定义温度范围或本文中所述的任何其他部件、状态或状况的第一、第二、第三、第四等的指定可以在权利要求中重新布置，使得它们关于权利要求是按时间顺序排列。
本说明书中使用的词语是描述性词语而不是限制性词语，并且应当理解，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下，可以做出各种改变。如前所述，各种实施例的特征可以被组合以形成可能未明确描述或示出的另外的实施例。尽管各种实施例可能已经被描述为关于一个或多个期望的特性提供了优点或者优于其他实施例或现有技术实施方式，但本领域普通技术人员应认识到，根据具体应用和实施方式，一个或多个特征或特性可以折衷以实现期望的总体系统属性。因此，描述为关于一个或多个特性相较于其他实施例或现有技术实施不太理想的实施例并不是在本公开的范围之外，并且对于特定应用可能是期望的。
根据本发明，提供了一种车辆，其具有：发动机；电机，其被配置成起动发动机；以及控制器，其被编程为用电流对电机进行预充磁，所述电流的大小随着发动机的温度在预定义范围内变化而变化。
根据一个实施例，所述控制器还被编程为响应于发动机的温度低于预定义范围，禁止对电机进行预充磁。
根据一个实施例，电流的大小随着电机的温度在第二预定义范围内变化而变化。
根据一个实施例，控制器被配置成仅在发动机关闭时对电机进行预充磁。
根据一个实施例，对电机进行预充磁包括对电机的转子线圈进行预充磁。
根据一个实施例，发动机的温度是测量的发动机油温。
根据一个实施例，发动机的温度是测量的发动机冷却剂温度。
根据本发明，提供了一种车辆，其具有：发动机，电机，其被配置成起动发动机；以及控制器，其被编程为响应于发动机温度低于阈值，禁止输送电流来对电机进行预充磁，并且响应于发动机温度超过阈值，输送命令的电流来对电机进行预充磁。
根据一个实施例，所述控制器还被编程为响应于发动机温度在所述阈值之上的升高，增大所述命令的电流。
根据一个实施例，控制器还被编程为响应于电机温度低于第二阈值，禁止输送电流来对电机进行预充磁，并且响应于电机温度超过第二阈值，输送第二命令的电流来对电机进行预充磁。
根据一个实施例，所述控制器被配置成仅在发动机关闭时输送电流来对电机进行预充磁。
根据一个实施例，对电机进行预充磁包括对电机的转子线圈进行预充磁。
根据一个实施例，发动机温度是测量的发动机油温。
根据一个实施例，发动机温度是测量的发动机冷却剂温度。
根据本发明，提供了一种车辆，其具有：发动机；电机，其被配置成起动发动机；以及控制器，其被编程为用电流对电机进行预充磁，所述电流的大小随着电机的温度在预定义范围内变化而变化。
根据一个实施例，所述控制器还被编程为响应于电机的温度低于预定义范围，禁止对电机进行预充磁。
根据一个实施例，电流的大小随着发动机的温度在第二预定义范围内变化而变化。
根据一个实施例，发动机的温度是测量的发动机油温。
根据一个实施例，对电机进行预充磁包括对电机的转子线圈进行预充磁。
根据一个实施例，控制器被配置成仅在发动机关闭时对电机进行预充磁。

Claims (15)

1.一种车辆，其包括：
发动机；
电机，其被配置成起动所述发动机；以及
控制器，其被编程为用电流对所述电机进行预充磁，所述电流的大小随着所述发动机的温度在预定义范围内变化而变化。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述控制器还被编程为响应于所述发动机的所述温度低于所述预定义范围，禁止对所述电机进行预充磁。
3.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述电流的所述大小随着所述电机的温度在第二预定义范围内变化而变化。
4.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述控制器被配置成仅在所述发动机关闭时对所述电机进行预充磁。
5.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中对所述电机进行预充磁包括对所述电机的转子线圈进行预充磁。
6.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中所述发动机的所述温度是测量的发动机油温或测量的发动机冷却剂温度。
7.一种车辆，其包括：
发动机；
电机，其被配置成起动所述发动机；以及
控制器，其被编程为，
响应于发动机温度低于阈值，禁止输送电流来对所述电机进行预充磁，并且
响应于所述发动机温度超过所述阈值，输送命令的电流来对所述电机进行预充磁。
8.如权利要求7所述的车辆，其中所述控制器还被编程为响应于所述发动机温度在所述阈值之上的升高，增大所述命令的电流。
9.如权利要求7所述的车辆，其中所述控制器还被编程为，
响应于电机温度低于第二阈值，禁止输送电流来对所述电机进行预充磁，并且
响应于所述电机温度超过所述第二阈值，输送第二命令的电流来对所述电机进行预充磁。
10.如权利要求7所述的车辆，其中所述控制器被配置成仅在所述发动机关闭时输送电流来对所述电机进行预充磁。
11.如权利要求7所述的车辆，其中对所述电机进行预充磁包括对所述电机的转子线圈进行预充磁。
12.如权利要求7所述的车辆，其中所述发动机温度是测量的发动机油温或测量的发动机冷却剂温度。
13.一种车辆，其包括：
发动机；
电机，其被配置成起动所述发动机；以及
控制器，其被编程为用电流对所述电机进行预充磁，所述电流的大小随着所述电机的温度在预定义范围内变化而变化。
14.如权利要求13所述的车辆，其中所述控制器还被编程为响应于所述电机的所述温度低于所述预定义范围，禁止对所述电机进行预充磁。
15.如权利要求13所述的车辆，其中所述电流的所述大小随着所述发动机的温度在第二预定义范围内变化而变化。
CN201910847058.2A 2018-09-05 2019-09-02 对车辆中的发动机起动机马达进行预充磁的车辆和方法 Pending CN110878734A (zh)

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