CN113265395A - 菌体裂解液澄清试剂以及在质粒提取工艺中的应用 - Google Patents
菌体裂解液澄清试剂以及在质粒提取工艺中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种菌体裂解液澄清试剂,其包括高浓度的盐类溶液,盐类溶液中的盐类包括氯化锌、氯化镁、氯化钙、氯化铜、硫酸镁、醋酸钙、醋酸镁、醋酸铵中的一种或几种,将上述盐分按照比例称量,加入水后充分搅拌溶解,调节pH至4.0‑7.2。本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂,在菌体裂解后加入到裂解溶液中,静置几小时,通过离心或澄清过滤能够除去基因组残留、RNA残留和宿主蛋白残留,简化质粒提取工艺;能避免了采用层析柱层析时,层析柱堵塞而导致层析柱使用寿命缩短的问题;在质粒提取工艺中,菌体裂解后使用,能减少层析次数,既能够减少工艺步骤,提高生产效率,降低生产成本,又能避免层析过程中造成的质粒损耗,提高质粒的回收率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,具体涉及菌体裂解液澄清试剂。
背景技术
大规模提取质粒 DNA时,通常按下列步骤: 第一步,细菌收集。即通过过滤或者高速离心等方式去除培养上清,收集大肠杆菌。第二步,细菌裂解。即在一定条件下使细胞部分或者全部破碎, 质粒 DNA、染色体 DNA、蛋白、内毒素等细胞内物质部分或全部释放到胞外。目前, 工业大规模生产质粒工艺基本都是采用碱裂解的方式, 在体系中加入一定浓度的氢氧化钠, 并及时搅拌均匀, 避免局部碱性过强。第三步,裂解后样品澄清处理。细胞裂解后,细胞碎片、变性蛋白和核酸均以沉淀的形式存在, 这些都必须去除。通常在实验室采用离心法或过滤法,使用孔径 5 mm的过滤介质可除去碱裂解后形成的90%以上的沉淀。同时, 为避免沉淀物之间相互作用产生的剪切力导致基因组DNA断裂, 可使用一定浓度的助滤剂,从而减少基因组DNA的断裂。细胞裂解后, 大部分基因组DNA都沉淀去除,但质粒在总核酸中的含量一般仍低于2%, 同时部分RNA和蛋白质等小分子物质仍存在于裂解液中, 必须在后续步骤中去除。第四步,层析去除杂质。染色体DNA、宿主蛋白、内毒素等细胞内物质部分或全部释放到胞外,与质粒DNA混合在一起。在层析中,通过阴阳离子层析,亲和层析,或者疏水作用层析将质粒DNA与其它杂质分离,去除残留。
质粒生产过程中常采用碱裂解法裂解含质粒大肠杆菌,利用三步层析法从裂解液中分离质粒DNA。裂解后上清中的杂质不容易分离,有很大一部分基因组DNA,RNA,蛋白残留。生产工艺复杂,生产过程中所用的层析物料多为进口物料,物料成本相当昂贵。层析过程中,原始料液中杂质含量高(宿主蛋白,宿主DNA,RNA),导致层析过程中层析柱容易堵塞,造成层析无法继续。使用后的层析柱再生困难,使用寿命短,可重复次数少。层析工艺步骤多,质粒的回收率低,每个层析工艺按照90%的回收率计算,三步层析后回收率最高为70%,加上裂解工艺的损失,总回收率不会超过60%。因而,需要设计菌体裂解液澄清试剂,以解决这些问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对背景技术中所述的质粒提取工艺的问题,提供一种能够解决前述问题的菌体裂解液澄清试剂。
为实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:菌体裂解液澄清试剂,其特点是:其包括高浓度的盐类溶液,盐类溶液中的盐类包括氯化锌、氯化镁、氯化钙、氯化铜、硫酸镁、醋酸钙、醋酸镁、醋酸铵中的一种或几种,将上述盐分按照比例称量,加入水后充分搅拌溶解,调节pH至4.0-7.2。
作为菌体裂解液澄清试剂的改进,还包括核酸酶。核酸酶是RNA酶,具有特异性降解RNA残留的作用。RNA酶是通过基因工程方法自行制备,也可以选择商品化的RNA酶,但是商品化的RNA酶价格昂贵。RNA酶的使用量可根据质粒中RNA残留的多少确定使用,如果RNA残留较少则只需加入沉淀试剂即可,无需加入RNA酶。
作为菌体裂解液澄清试剂的改进,所述的盐类溶液中,各种盐类的浓度分别为:氯化锌0M-5M/L,氯化镁0M-0.4M/L,氯化钙0M-6M/L;氯化铜0M-0.8M/L;硫酸镁0M-0.2M/L;醋酸铵的浓度为0M-1.0M/L;碳酸铵0M-1.0M/L。
作为菌体裂解液澄清试剂的改进,所述的核酸酶的浓度0-0.5mg/L。
本发明的另一个目的在于,提供菌体裂解液澄清试剂在质粒提取工艺中的应用,在质粒提取工艺中,在菌体裂解后,加入菌体裂解液澄清试剂,室温下静置若干小时,然后通过离心或者澄清过滤,除去基因组残留、RNA残留和宿主蛋白残留。
进一步地,除去基因组残留、RNA残留和宿主蛋白残留后,通过一步层析法或两步层析法获得高纯度超螺旋质粒DNA。
本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂具有以下优点:1)本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂,在菌体裂解后加入到裂解溶液中,静置几小时,通过离心或澄清过滤能够除去基因组残留、RNA残留和宿主蛋白残留,简化质粒提取工艺;2)本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂,避免了采用层析柱层析时,层析柱堵塞而导致层析柱使用寿命缩短的问题;3)本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂,在质粒提取工艺中,菌体裂解后使用,能减少层析次数,既能够减少工艺步骤,提高生产效率,降低生产成本,又能避免层析过程中造成的质粒损耗,提高质粒的回收率。
附图说明
图1为在质粒提取工艺中,样本电泳图,图中,泳道1为Marker D10000样本,泳道2为菌体裂解后未加入本发明的澄清试剂的样本,泳道3为菌体裂解后加入本发明的澄清试剂并静置一定时间的样本。
图2为样品中加入澄清试剂前的色谱分析图。
图3为样品中加入澄清试剂后的色谱分析图。
图4为样品加入澄清试剂层析后的色谱分析图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
菌体裂解液澄清试剂,其包括的组分及浓度为:氯化镁0.4M/L,氯化钙5M/L;氯化铜0.8M/L;醋酸铵的浓度为1.0M/L。
实施例2
菌体裂解液澄清试剂,其包括的组分及浓度为:氯化锌5M/L,氯化铜0.4M/L;硫酸镁0.2M/L;碳酸铵1.0M/L,核酸酶0.1mg/L。
实施例3
菌体裂解液澄清试剂,其包括的组分及浓度为:氯化钙5M/L;氯化铜0.2M/L;硫酸镁0.1M/L;醋酸铵的浓度为0.8M/L;核酸酶0.5mg/L。
实施例4
菌体裂解液澄清试剂,其包括的组分及浓度为:氯化镁0.2M/L,碳酸铵0.5M/L,氯化锌3M/L,核酸酶0.3mg/L。
应用例1
为了缩短工艺时间,减少工艺步骤,在质粒提取工艺中,GE的三步层析处理之前加入本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂,可以将工艺步骤从三步层析减少到两步层析。本实例以纯化2L发酵液上清为例,具体工艺步骤如下:
1)大肠杆菌收获。收集菌体,使用 750KD 或 0.1、0.2um 的 1 mm 内径的中空纤维进行菌体的收集和清洗。菌体收集后称量菌体重量为400g。
2)菌体裂解。菌体重新悬浮在4L S1(25-50mmTris,10mmEDTA-2Na,50mm葡萄糖)溶液中。加入碱裂解液S2,4L,(0.2M NaOH,1%SDS),缓慢混匀,裂解3min。加入中和缓冲液S3,4L(3M KAC,2M HAC),缓慢混匀。
3) 裂解后加入本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂。裂解后的溶液12L,按照10(8-12均可):1的比例加入本专利所述的澄清试剂1L(1个包装),室温静置2h。过滤或离心去沉淀(RNA、色素和部分 HCP、HCD 等杂质以沉淀的形式被分离,从而减少了层析阶段的负荷)。
4)PlasmidSelect Xtra层析。PlasmidSelect Xtra 层析精纯去除少量残留,及开环质粒DNA。质粒被置换到2.1 M硫酸铵的缓冲液,直接上样至 PlasmidSelect Xtra 层析柱,在此条件下,开环和超螺旋质粒均与填料结合。上样结束后,用2.0 M 酸铵的缓冲液冲洗层析柱时,开环质粒被冲洗下来,而超螺旋质粒依然牢牢结合在层析柱上,直到用含 1.7M 硫酸铵和 0.3 M 氯化钠的缓冲液才能将其洗脱。
5)30Q阴离子交换层析。将 PlasmidSelect Xtra 的洗脱液用水稀释至3倍体积,上样至 SOURCE 30Q,而内毒素在此高盐情况下不与填料结合,从而实现去内毒的功能。经过此步,内毒素含量可降至<1 EU/mg。
6)浓缩换液。使用低剪切力的中空纤维,对质粒进行超滤换液,分装,制备成品质粒。
应用例2
为了缩短工艺时间,降低工艺成本。使用本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂后,使用常规的阴离子层析与疏水层析,就可达到制备高纯度的质粒DNA的目的,从而大大降低了工艺成本。本实例以纯化30L发酵液上清为例,具体工艺步骤如下:
1)大肠杆菌收获。收集菌体,使用 750KD 或 0.1、0.2um 的 1 mm 内径的中空纤维进行菌体的收集和清洗。菌体收集后称量菌体重量为5000g。
2)菌体裂解。菌体重新悬浮在50L S1(25-50mmTris,10mmEDTA-2Na,50mm葡萄糖)溶液中。加入碱裂解液S2,50L,(0.2M NaOH,1%SDS),缓慢混匀,裂解3min。加入中和缓冲液S3,50L(3M KAC,2M HAC),缓慢混匀。
3) 裂解后加入本澄清试剂。裂解后的溶液150L,按照10(8-12均可):1的比例加入本专利所述的澄清试剂15L(1个10L包装,一个5L包装澄清试剂),室温静置2h。过滤去沉淀(RNA、色素和部分 HCP、HCD 等杂质以沉淀的形式被分离,从而减少了层析阶段的负荷)。
3)超滤换液。采用超滤的方法进行质粒浓缩,浓缩后样品电导达到DEAE层析的上样要求,降低了部分相关杂质的含量。
4)DEAE层析。DEAE层析可选用Capto DEAE(Cytiva层析介质),也可采用DEAE介质(苏州纳微科技或赛分科技)。采用DEAE 层析去除绝大部分质粒杂质,包括内毒素、RNA、色素和部分 HCP、HCD 等。
5)疏水作用层析。采用GE Capto butyl介质,进行疏水作用层析,或选用国产疏水层析介质进行疏水作用层析,精细纯化,去除质粒开环DNA。
6)浓缩换液。使用低剪切力的中空纤维,对质粒进行超滤换液,分装,制备成品质粒。
下表数据为在菌体裂解后的样品中加入本发明的澄清试剂后的变化过程:
通过上表的数据可以看出,在菌体裂解的样本中加入本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂后,能使菌体裂解液中的基因组残留、RNA残留和宿主蛋白残留形成沉淀,容易被分离除去,从而减少了层析阶段的负荷。
通过图1也可以看出,泳道1为Marker D10000,泳道2为菌体裂解后未加入本发明的澄清试剂的样本,泳道3为菌体裂解后加入本发明的澄清试剂并静置一定时间的样本。对比图1中的3个泳道可以看出,未裂解时,在样本中存在多种物质,在泳道2中,菌体裂解后未加入菌体裂解液澄清试剂,在裂解液中存在RNA残留,泳道3中菌体裂解后加入了菌体裂解液澄清试剂,能使基因组残留、RNA残留和宿主蛋白残留形成沉淀,被去除掉,所以样本为澄清状态。
图2为样品中加入澄清试剂前的色谱分析图,图2中可以看出样品加入澄清试剂前有较多的RNA残留(出峰时间小于6min)。
图3为样品中加入澄清试剂后的色谱分析图,图3中可以看出加入澄清试剂后残留显著降低。
图4是样本经过疏水性质材质层析后的样本色谱分析图,可以看出最终的样品相关杂质峰得到了很好的去除。
通过图2-图4的对比,可以看出,在菌体裂解的样本中加入本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂后,能使菌体裂解液中的基因组残留、RNA残留和宿主蛋白残留形成沉淀,容易被分离除去,使样本达到澄清状态。
通过上述的数据、电泳图及色谱分析图能够看出,本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂用于菌体裂解后的样本中,能使菌体裂解液中的基因组残留、RNA残留和宿主蛋白残留形成沉淀,通过分离沉淀物的方式就可以将其去除掉,避免了采用层析柱层析时,层析柱堵塞而导致层析柱使用寿命缩短的问题。本发明的菌体裂解液澄清试剂,应用在质粒提取工艺中,能使现有的三步层析处理减少为两步层析或一步层析,减少层析次数,既能够减少工艺步骤,提高生产效率,降低生产成本,又能避免层析过程中造成的质粒损耗,提高质粒的回收率。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种菌体裂解液澄清试剂,其特征在于:其包括高浓度的盐类溶液,盐类溶液中的盐类包括氯化锌、氯化镁、氯化钙、氯化铜、硫酸镁、醋酸钙、醋酸镁、醋酸铵中的一种或几种,将上述盐分按照比例称量,加入水后充分搅拌溶解,调节pH至4.0-7.2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的菌体裂解液澄清试剂,其特征在于:还包括核酸酶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的菌体裂解液澄清试剂,其特征在于:所述的盐类溶液中,各种盐类的浓度分别为:氯化锌0M-5M/L,氯化镁0M-0.4M/L,氯化钙0M-6M/L;氯化铜0M-0.8M/L;硫酸镁0M-0.2M/L;醋酸铵的浓度为0M-1.0M/L;碳酸铵0M-1.0M/L。
4.根据权利要求2所述的菌体裂解液澄清试剂,其特征在于:所述的核酸酶的浓度0-0.5mg/L。
5.权利要求1-4中任意一项中的菌体裂解液澄清试剂在质粒提取工艺中的应用,其特征在于:在质粒提取工艺中,在菌体裂解后,加入菌体裂解液澄清试剂,室温下静置若干小时,然后通过离心或者澄清过滤,除去基因组残留、RNA残留和宿主蛋白残留。
6.根据权力要求5所述的菌体裂解液澄清试剂在质粒提取工艺中的应用,其特征在于:除去基因组残留、RNA残留和宿主蛋白残留后,通过一步层析法获得高纯度超螺旋质粒DNA。
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