CN113265047B - 内质网靶向基因药物递送载体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于药物制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种内质网靶向基因药物递送载体及其制备方法,该载体由内质网靶向配体ER与聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)偶联而成;PEI‑ER具有内质网靶向能力,PEI‑ER可通过静电作用力吸附DNA形成复合物,该复合物经非溶酶体途径进入细胞后,可在内质网靶头的作用下靶向内质网,经内质网把DNA高效递送至细胞核,这个过程避开了溶酶体的酸性环境,有效减少了DNA的损耗,同时通过靶向递送,使得DNA进入细胞核的效率大大提高,最终增加了转染效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种内质网靶向基因药物递送载体及其制备方法。
背景技术
基因治疗(将治疗性核酸运入细胞以修改或纠正遗传信息)已被证明是一种有前途的方法,可用于癌症,糖尿病,自身免疫性疾病和传染病等疾病的生物学研究和治疗。单独使用核酸由于其会被快速清除、非特异性生物分布以及低细胞内在化而无法获得所需的预想的治疗效果。因此,进行基因治疗的主要挑战是开发生物安全载体,以有效地将基因传递到靶细胞的核中。与病毒载体相比,可以大规模合成的非病毒载体,可以容纳更多种类的核酸,更重要的是,许多最新研究表明它们在体内具有良好的耐受性。然而,由于其低的膜穿透能力、高的溶酶体保留、入核难度高和产物释放难,它们的应用仍然受到转染效率低的抑制。
聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)具有通过所谓的“质子海绵效应”,引起渗透性肿胀和随后的内体破裂的高缓冲能力,使得基因可以从内体逃逸。然而,许多近期的研究表明聚合物的缓冲作用内体中的“内毒素”与其有效转移基因无关。另外,溶酶体破裂导致溶酶体中的蛋白酶和其他水解酶释放到细胞溶质中,从而导致细胞毒性和DNA降解。因此,已经实施了许多策略来寻找载体的替代运输模式,以防止内在化后被溶酶体捕获,例如,通过增强小窝介导的吸收,以减少因溶酶体降解而导致的基因降解,并促进基因向核周区域的转移,然而所用的靶向材料比如蜂毒蛋白等结构复杂,可控性差。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供了一种内质网靶向基因药物递送载体,该载体可用于细胞基因输送,本发明的自组装纳米递送系统能够将基因靶向递送到细胞内的内质网上,在内质网的牵引作用下,增加基因进入细胞核的效率,克服非病毒载体基因转染效率差的问题。
本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种内质网靶向载体PEI-ER,为聚乙烯亚胺与4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸以酰胺键相连,其化学结构式如下:
其中,n为正整数。
所述内质网靶向载体PEI-ER的合成方法如下:
所述的内质网靶向载体的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸的合成:戊二酸酐和4-(2-氨基乙基)苯磺酰胺按照摩尔比投料,溶解于乙腈中,氮气保护下85℃回流反应12-24h,过硅胶柱得到4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸(以下简称为ER)粗品;
其中,戊二酸酐和4-(2-氨基乙基)苯磺酰胺的摩尔比为:1:1。
2)取适量ER,无水DMSO溶解,加入EDC&NHS,常温搅拌反应30min;
EDC和NHS与ER的摩尔比均为:1.1:1。
3)将聚乙烯亚胺(以下简称PEI)用纯水溶解,边搅拌边滴加ER活化液,室温搅拌反应2-48h;然后用分子量截留值500的透析袋透析,纯水透析,冻干得聚合物前药载体PEI-ER。
ER和PEI的摩尔比为0.1-50:1。
所述的聚合物前药载体PEI-ER,ER的接枝率为1-100%。
有益效果:本发明以内质网靶向基团ER,与阳离子基因载体PEI偶联制备成内质网靶向基因载体,可通过静电作用结合DNA形成基因复合物。内质网靶向载体使得纳米粒经非溶酶体途径进入细胞,有效避免基因在溶酶体中被分解。被细胞摄取后,在内质网靶向分子的作用下,基因被递送到内质网上,再经过内质网的牵引作用,实现DNA的高效入核和转染。
外层内质网靶向聚合物载体经非溶酶体途径进入细胞,有效减少了基因在溶酶体中的降解。纳米载体被细胞摄取后,在胞内可靶向内质网,然后被递送到细胞核中,两者协同,增加了基因的转染效果
附图说明
图1是本发明按照实施例1制备的内质网靶向载体PEI-ER的氢谱图。
图2是本发明按照实施例4的自组装纳米粒的表征:(a)PEI-ER和DNA自组装成纳米粒的示意图;(b)PEI-ER和DNA自组装成纳米粒的Zeta电位图;(c)PEI-ER和DNA自组装成纳米粒的粒径图。
图3是本发明按照实施例5的制备的内质网靶向载体PEI-ER生物相容性表征:(a)PEI-ER的溶血实验(b)PEI-ER的细胞毒性测试。
图4是本发明按照实施例6的对colon26细胞的转染效果研究。
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述,但不限于此。
具体实施方式
本发明是通过以下的技术方案实现的,具体步骤如下:
聚合物前药载体PEI-ER的合成方案具体如下:将4-(2-氨基乙基)苯磺酰胺与戊二酸酐在溶剂乙腈中加热回流合成4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸。在经EDC/NHS活化后,4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸与聚乙烯亚胺通过酰胺键连接在一起,生成PEI-ER,经过透析,冻干,得到纯品备用。
上述纳米载体在细胞基因输送的应用。
自组装纳米共递送系统均是新鲜制备,制备方案具体如下:将DNA溶液在涡旋下加入到等体积的PEI-ER溶液中,涡旋30s,室温静置30min,即可负载DNA。
实施例1
PEI-ER的合成:4-(2-氨基乙基)苯磺酰胺和戊二酸酐以1:1的摩尔比投料,溶解于乙腈中,氮气保护下85℃回流反应4h,过硅胶柱得到ER。
取ER,无水DMSO溶解,加入EDC和NHS(与底物摩尔比均为1:1.1),常温搅拌活化30min;取100mg PEI,用纯水溶解,在搅拌状态下加入ER活化液(ER与PEI的摩尔比为0.1:1),常温搅拌反应12h,然后用分子量截留值500的透析袋透析,纯水透析,冻干得聚合物前药载体PEI-ER。接枝率为1%。
PEI-ER聚合物的结构鉴定。
PEI-ER聚合物通过氢核磁共振来鉴定结构。图1,氢谱特征峰均有显示,说明PEI-ER的合成成功。
实施例2
PEI-ER的合成:4-(2-氨基乙基)苯磺酰胺和戊二酸酐以1:1的摩尔比投料,溶解于乙腈中,氮气保护下85℃回流反应4h,过硅胶柱得到ER。
取ER,无水DMSO溶解,加入EDC和NHS(与底物摩尔比均为1:1.1),常温搅拌活化30min;取100mg PEI,用纯水溶解,在搅拌状态下加入ER活化液(ER与PEI的摩尔比为1:1),常温搅拌反应12h,然后用分子量截留值500的透析袋透析,纯水透析,冻干得聚合物前药载体PEI-ER。接枝率为15%。
实施例3
PEI-ER的合成:4-(2-氨基乙基)苯磺酰胺和戊二酸酐以1:1的摩尔比投料,溶解于乙腈中,氮气保护下85℃回流反应4h,过硅胶柱得到ER。
取ER,无水DMSO溶解,加入EDC和NHS(与底物摩尔比均为1:1.1),常温搅拌活化30min;取100mg PEI,用纯水溶解,在搅拌状态下加入ER活化液(ER与PEI的摩尔比为50:1),常温搅拌反应12h,然后用分子量截留值500的透析袋透析,纯水透析,冻干得聚合物前药载体PEI-ER。接枝率为100%。
实施例4
PEI-ER与DNA自组装纳米递送系统的制备。
制备方案具体如下:将DNA溶液在涡旋下加入到等体积的PEI-ER溶液中,涡旋30s,室温静置30min,即得。
自组装纳米粒的成纳米性研究
图2(a)纳米粒对DNA压缩能力通过电泳表征。将PEI-ER与DNA以不同的质量比结合后,加入上样颜料,最后的体积为12μL。被加到1%琼脂糖凝胶中,GelRed染色,用TAE缓冲液作为电解质,110V下运行30min。
图2(b&c)纳米粒对DNA压缩能力通过纳米粒度仪表征。将DNA溶液在涡旋下加入到等体积的PEI-ER溶液中,涡旋30s,室温静置30min。所得溶液用纯水稀释后用纳米粒粒度仪表征粒径和Zeta电位。
实施例5
PEI-ER/DNA自组装纳米递送系统生物相容性表征
图3(a)首先从健康小鼠的眶静脉丛中采集1.2mL新鲜血液到抗凝管中,2000rpm离心10min使红细胞沉淀下来。接着除去上层血清,并用pH7.4的PBS缓冲溶液洗涤沉淀三次,得到红细胞。然后,取适量红细胞用PBS缓冲溶液稀释至20%配得溶液,取20μL稀释的红细胞悬浮液与一系列不同浓度的PEI-ER(12.5、25、50和100μg/mL,去离子水和PBS缓冲溶液中的红细胞样品分别作为阳性和阴性对照。上述所有样品在37℃下孵育2h后,将样品在2000rpm下离心10min,拍照,并取离心后的上清于96孔板中利用酶标仪在540nm处进行吸光度检测。图3(a)显示,PEI-ER溶血性良好,而作为基因转染研究中经常用到的PEI 25K(分子量为25kDa的聚乙烯亚胺)溶血比例较高。
图3(b)培养好的HUVEC细胞用胰酶消化下来离心沉淀,经过计数后用96孔板铺板(每孔5000-10000个细胞),放入培养箱过夜培养12小时。吸掉培养基,加入稀释好的样品后放入培养箱培养24小时。每孔加入20μL的MTT溶液,放入培养箱培养4-6小时。吸掉培养液后每孔加150μL的DMSO,震荡后用酶标仪在波长492nm处测吸收值。图3(b)显示,PEI-ER/DNA细胞毒性很低,而对照组PEI 25K毒性较大。
实施例6
PEI-ER/pGFP自组装纳米递送系统转染效果研究
图4培养好的Colon26细胞用胰酶消化下来离心沉淀,经过计数后用24孔板铺板(每孔约50000个细胞),放入培养箱过夜培养16-20小时。将绿色荧光蛋白DNA(pGFP)溶液在涡旋下加入到等体积的PEI-ER溶液中,涡旋30s,室温静置30min。静置后的PEI-ER/pGFP用不含血清培养基稀释5倍后每孔上样500μL,培养箱培养4小时。吸掉共孵育样品,换成完全培养基培养24小时后用倒置荧光显微镜拍照。图4显示,PEI-ER相对于无靶头的PEI 1.8K具有更强转染效果。(A:pGFP是编码绿色荧光蛋白的质粒DNA,可以在细胞内表达出绿色荧光蛋白(图4的绿点),pGFP自身进不去细胞,通过技术手段将pGFP导入细胞并表达蛋白的过程成为转染。)
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
2.一种内质网靶向基因药物递送载体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:以4-(2-氨基乙基)苯磺酰胺和戊二酸酐为原料,制备内质网靶向基团4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸(ER),取内质网靶向基团ER与PEI通过酰胺缩合反应得内质网靶向基因药物递送载体PEI-ER。
3.根据权利要求2所述的内质网靶向基因药物递送载体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述内质网靶向基因药物递送载体PEI-ER的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸的合成:将戊二酸酐和4-(2-氨基乙基)苯磺酰胺溶解于乙腈中,氮气保护下85℃回流反应10-12h,过硅胶柱得到4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸粗品;
(2)取4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸,采用无水DMSO溶解,加入EDC和NHS活化羧基30分钟;
(3)聚乙烯亚胺用纯水溶解并在搅拌条件下滴加步骤(2)的4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸活化液,常温搅拌反应2-48h;产物用分子量截留值500的透析袋透析后冻干。
4.根据权利要求3所述的内质网靶向基因药物递送载体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述戊二酸酐和4-(2-氨基乙基)苯磺酰胺的摩尔比为:1:1。
5.根据权利要求3所述的内质网靶向基因药物递送载体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述EDC和NHS与4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸的摩尔比均为:1.1:1。
6.根据权利要求3所述的内质网靶向基因药物递送载体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述4-[2-(4-氨磺酰基-苯基)-乙基氨基甲酰基]-丁酸和聚乙烯亚胺的摩尔比为0.1-50:1。
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