CN113252386A - Soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing crab disturbance and installation and use method - Google Patents
Soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing crab disturbance and installation and use method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 106
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing crab disturbance and an installation and use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of soil sampling, and the device comprises: the crab-catching device comprises a lower sample square frame formed by splicing a lower main component and a lower side component, wherein 4 catching barrels are respectively placed near 4 right angles in the lower sample square frame, and the lower sample square frame is placed in monitored soil and used for fixing the soil and preventing crabs from entering the square frame; the upper main component and the upper side component are spliced into a sample loading frame, 4 upper baffles are arranged on the top edge of the sample loading frame, and the sample loading frame is placed above the ground and used for fixing the internal ground environment and blocking crabs from entering the interior of the sample loading frame; and the lower sample square frame and the upper sample square frame are fixedly connected to form a box body structure. The device can prevent the crabs from entering the sample prescription under the condition of not disturbing the original soil state, removes the crabs in the original soil in the sample prescription and effectively improves the evaluation accuracy of the crab disturbance effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil sampling, and particularly relates to a soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing crab disturbance and an installation and use method thereof.
Background
Soil animals are an important component of the ecosystem and can break, transport and transform soil particles through digging holes, feeding, excreting and other actions to change the soil process, and are called "ecosystem engineers". The crabs are the main large soil animal groups of the coastal wetland ecosystem, and disturb the plant interspecific relationship, vegetation succession, soil nutrient element circulation, material and energy flow and the like which influence intertidal zones. The evaluation of the quantity and disturbance effect of soil animal groups such as the coastal wetland crabs is an important index for evaluating the health and the function of the coastal wetland ecosystem.
In the existing research on the crab disturbance effect of the coastal wetland, a simple purse net and artificial removal mode is mostly adopted to establish a crab removal control sample prescription, and the crab removal control sample prescription is compared with a natural sample prescription (with crab disturbance) for research. Due to the underground excavation behavior of the crabs, the artificially removed sample can often enter the crabs, and the influence of the disturbance of the crabs cannot be thoroughly eliminated.
There are some published field survey sample box inventions that are mainly applied to grassland ecosystems. Some methods solve the problem of sample block portability in sample zone investigation, and some methods are used for investigating multi-level vegetation communities. The method is only suitable for the current situation investigation of the field sample belt and is not suitable for the long-term research of removing the disturbance of soil animals.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing the disturbance of the crabs, which solves the problem that the crabs are prevented from entering the sample under the condition of not disturbing the original soil state, can thoroughly remove the crabs in the original soil in the sample, and effectively improves the evaluation accuracy of the disturbance effect of the crabs.
The utility model provides a prevent fixed side of a square device of soil monitoring of crab disturbance, includes:
the lower sample frame comprises an inverted triangular three-dimensional component which is formed by splicing 2 lower main components and 2 lower side components according to the sequence of the lower main components, the lower side components, the lower main components and the lower side components and has a wide upper part and a narrow lower part; 4 catching buckets are respectively placed near 4 right angles in the lower sample square frame, and the top edges of the catching buckets are flush with the top edge of the lower sample square frame; the lower sample square frame is placed in the monitored soil and used for fixing the soil and preventing crabs from entering the inner part of the lower sample square frame;
the sample loading frame comprises a rectangular three-dimensional part formed by splicing 2 upper main components and 2 upper side components according to the sequence of the upper main components, the upper side components, the upper main components and the upper side components; the 4 upper baffles are respectively fixedly connected to the top edges of the 2 upper main components and the 2 upper side components through mounting holes by screws; the sample loading square frame is placed above the ground and used for fixing the internal ground environment and preventing crabs from entering the interior of the sample loading square frame;
and the mounting hole at the top edge of the lower sample square frame is fixedly connected with the mounting hole at the bottom edge of the upper sample square frame through a screw to form a box body structure.
Further, the lower main member includes: the lower main component comprises a lower main component main body frame, a lower main component connecting plate, a lower main component limiting groove, a lower main component limiting strip, a level gauge and a separation net; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the lower main component main body frame is in an inverted triangular frame shape, and a separation net is fixed in the frame;
the lower main component connecting plate is positioned on the top edge of the lower main component main body frame, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the lower main component connecting plate, and the middle part of the lower main component connecting plate comprises 1 simple level meter;
the lower main component limiting grooves are respectively positioned on two side edges of the lower main component main body frame, the groove positions are wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the lower main component limiting strips are inserted in the groove positions in advance.
Further, the lower side member includes: the lower side member main body frame, the lower side member connecting plate, the lower side member supporting bars and the separation net are arranged on the lower side member main body frame; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the lower side component main body frame is in a rectangular frame shape, a separation net is fixed in the frame, and 2 crossed lower side component support bars support the separation net;
the lower side component connecting plate is positioned on the top edge of the lower side component main body frame and is provided with a plurality of mounting holes.
Further, the upper main member includes: the upper main component comprises an upper main component main body frame, an upper main component connecting plate, an upper main component supporting bar, an upper main component limiting groove and a separation net; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the upper main component main body frame is in a rectangular frame shape, a separation net is fixed in the frame, and 2 crossed upper main component support bars support the separation net;
2 upper main component connecting plates which are respectively positioned at the top edge and the bottom edge of the upper main component main body frame and are provided with a plurality of mounting holes;
and the 2 upper main component limiting grooves are respectively positioned on two side edges of the upper main component main body frame.
Further, the upper member includes: an upper member main body frame, an upper member connecting plate, an upper member supporting bar and a separation net; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the upper side component main body frame is in a rectangular frame shape, a separation net is fixed in the frame, and 2 crossed upper side component support bars support the separation net;
and 2 upper member connecting plates which are respectively positioned at the top edge and the bottom edge of the upper member main body frame and are provided with a plurality of mounting holes.
Furthermore, the catching barrel is of a hollow cylindrical structure with a bottom and no cover, the inner wall of the catching barrel is smooth, and a drain hole is formed in the bottom of the catching barrel;
the upper baffle is a plastic plate with a smooth surface, is provided with a plurality of mounting holes and is mounted on the top edges of the upper main component and the upper side component;
the mesh width of the separation net is less than 2 mm.
Further, the inner depth of the lower sample square frame is 50 cm-100 cm;
the side length of the top edge of the sample loading box is 50 cm-150 cm;
the height of the side edge of the sample loading frame is more than 20cm higher than the maximum flooding water level of the tidal water.
An installation and use method of a soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing crab disturbance comprises the following steps:
selecting a place for installing the fixed sample device, and marking the positions of four edges of the fixed sample device on the ground based on the edge length of the fixed sample device;
inserting the lower sample square frame into the soil, fixing the soil environment of the part below the ground inside the lower sample square frame and preventing crabs from entering;
the upper end of the lower sample square frame is provided with the sample loading square frame, the soil environment of the part above the ground inside the sample loading square frame is fixed, and crabs are prevented from entering the sample loading square frame;
periodically monitoring the soil condition inside the device and removing the organisms in the capture bucket; the accumulated water in the catching barrel is drained through a drain hole at the bottom of the catching barrel.
Further, the inserting the lower sample frame into the soil comprises:
s2.1, based on position marks of two opposite sides of the fixed sample square device on the ground and the horizontal state of the gradienter, vertically inserting 2 lower main components into the soil in a posture that the lower main component limiting grooves are opposite; when the lower main component is completely inserted into the soil, the lower main component connecting plate is flush with the ground, and the lower main component limiting strip in the lower main component limiting groove is drawn out;
step S2.2, respectively pushing 2 lower side members into the soil; the two side edges of the lower side member are simultaneously inserted into the lower main member limiting groove, the lower side member is inserted into the soil along the inclination angle of the side edge of the lower main member until the plane of the lower side member connecting plate is flush with the plane of the lower main member connecting plate, the bottom edges of 2 lower side members are just connected in the soil, and the lower side members and the lower main member form the underground part of the lower sample square frame with the closed bottom;
s2.3, respectively placing 4 capturing barrels near 4 right angles in the lower sample square frame and burying the capturing barrels in soil, wherein the top edges of the capturing barrels are flush with the surface of soil; the interior of the capture bucket is empty.
Further, the installing the sample loading frame on the upper end of the lower sample frame includes:
s3.1, respectively vertically erecting the upper main component and the upper main component of 2 upper main component on the upper main component of 2 lower main components in opposite postures; the upper main member connecting plate positioned at the lower end of the upper main member is connected with the lower main member connecting plate and is fixed by screws;
s3.2, inserting the two side edges of the upper member along the upper main member limiting groove, connecting an upper member connecting plate and a lower member connecting plate which are positioned at the lower end of the upper member, and fixing by using screws;
and S3.3, enabling the side, far away from the mounting hole, of the 4 upper baffles to face the outer side of the sample loading frame, respectively mounting the upper baffles on an upper main component connecting plate and an upper side component connecting plate which are positioned at the top edge of the sample loading frame, and fixing the upper baffles by screws.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the bottom of the design of the invention adopts a closed mode, thus avoiding the defect that crabs can enter a sample from the bottom of the sample square frame because the bottom of the traditional sample square frame is not closed. The traditional intertidal zone sample frame is not closed when the part of the intertidal zone sample frame is buried underground and leaks out of the ground, so that crabs can still enter the sample frame from the bottom or the upper part of the sample frame, and the problem of avoiding the disturbance of the crabs by setting the sample frame is difficult to solve. According to the technical scheme, the bottom of the sample square frame is of a closed structure, so that the defect that crabs can enter the sample square frame from the bottom of the sample square frame due to the fact that the bottom of the sample square frame is not closed is overcome, the crabs in the original soil in the sample square can be thoroughly removed, and the evaluation accuracy of the crab disturbance effect is effectively improved.
2. According to the invention, the lower main component 1 and the upper main component 3 are both provided with the limiting grooves, so that the adjacent surfaces of the sample fixing device can be accurately connected, and the problem that the underground part of the sample frame is difficult to close in the installation process is solved. The installation of the underground part of the fixed sample device is difficult, and if the embedding positions of the four surfaces are not accurate, the effect of closing the bottom is difficult to achieve. According to the invention, the lower main component 1 is provided with the limiting groove, after the lower main component 1 is embedded, two sides of the lower side component 2 can be inserted into soil along the limiting groove of the lower main component 1, and two intersecting surfaces of the underground part of the sample frame can be closed.
3. When the lower main component 1 is installed, two surfaces of the lower main component 1 are required to be vertically inserted into the ground, so that the lower side component 2 can be just pushed into the ground along the limiting groove. According to the invention, the gradienter is arranged on the upper edge of the lower main component 1, and the angle can be adjusted at any time by observing the gradienter in the process of pushing the lower main component 1 into the ground, so that the direction of inserting the lower main component 1 into the ground is ensured to be vertical. Meanwhile, the design of the limiting groove of the lower main component 1 is in a mode of being wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, so that the resistance of the lower main component 1 inserted into the ground can be reduced.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some of the embodiments described in the embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained by those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing crab disturbance according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the lower main member 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein fig. 3(a) is a front view of the lower main member 1, fig. 3(b) is a side view of the lower main member 1, and fig. 3(c) is a plan view of the lower main member 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the lower member 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 4(a) is a front view of the lower member 2, fig. 4(b) is a side view of the lower member 2, and fig. 4(c) is a plan view of the lower member 2;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the upper main member 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 5(a) is a front view of the upper main member 3, fig. 5(b) is a side view of the upper main member 3, and fig. 5(c) is a plan view of the upper main member 3;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the upper member 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 6(a) is a front view of the upper member 4, fig. 6(b) is a side view of the upper member 4, and fig. 6(c) is a plan view of the upper member 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the capturing barrel 5 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flow chart of an installation method of an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
1, a lower main member; 2, a lower member; 3, an upper main member; 4, an upper member; 5, catching a barrel; 6, an upper baffle plate; 7, mounting holes; 8, separating the net;
11, a lower main member main body frame; 12, separating the net; 13, a lower main member connecting plate; 15, a lower main component limiting groove; 16, a lower main component limit strip; 17, a level gauge;
21, a lower member main frame; 22, a separation net; 23, a lower member connection plate; 25, lower member support bar;
31, an upper main member main body frame; 32, separating the net; 33, an upper main member connection plate; 35, an upper main member support bar; 36, an upper main member limiting groove;
41, an upper member main body frame; 42, a separation net; 43, an upper member connecting plate; 45, upper member support bar;
51: inner wall of catching barrel, 52: catch bucket barrel head, 53: the catching barrel is provided with a drain hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation on the scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled; they may be mechanically coupled, directly coupled, indirectly coupled through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of methods and systems consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.
Device embodiment
The invention discloses a soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing crab disturbance, which comprises: a sample-down box and a sample-up box. Wherein, the following sample square frame includes: a lower main member 1, a lower side member 2, and a catching bucket 5; the sample loading block comprises: an upper main member 3, an upper side member 4 and an upper baffle 6.
Specifically, fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing crab disturbance according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The lower sample box comprises an inverted triangular three-dimensional part which is formed by splicing 2 lower main components 1 and 2 lower side components 2 into an inverted triangular three-dimensional part with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part according to the sequence of the lower main components 1, the lower side components 2, the lower main components 1 and the lower side components 2; 4 catching buckets 5 are respectively placed near 4 right angles inside the lower sample square frame, and the top edges of the catching buckets 5 are flush with the top edge of the lower sample square frame. When in use, the lower sample square frame is buried in the soil; the top edge of the lower sample square frame is flush with the surface of soil; the catching barrel 5 is buried in the soil; the top edge of the catching barrel 5 is flush with the surface of soil; the interior of the catching bucket 5 is empty.
The sample loading frame comprises a rectangular three-dimensional part formed by splicing 2 upper main components 3 and 2 upper side components 4 according to the sequence of the upper main components 3, the upper side components 4, the upper main components 3 and the upper side components 4; 4 upper baffle plates 6 are respectively arranged on the top edges of the 2 upper main components 3 and the 2 upper side components 4 and are fixedly connected through a plurality of mounting holes 7 through screws.
The mounting hole at the top edge of the lower sample square frame and the mounting hole at the bottom edge of the upper sample square frame are fixedly connected through screws to form a box structure, wherein the lower mounting hole of the upper main member 3 is fixedly connected with the upper mounting hole of the lower main member 1 through screws; the lower mounting hole of the upper member 4 and the upper mounting hole of the lower member 2 are fixedly connected by screws.
The lower main member 1, as shown in fig. 3, includes: the main frame 11 of the lower main component, the connecting plate 13 of the lower main component, the limiting groove 15 of the lower main component, the limiting strip 16 of the lower main component, the level gauge 17 and the separation net 12.
Specifically, the lower main member body frame 11 is in an inverted triangular frame shape, and the material of the lower main member body frame is stainless steel. The lower main member body frame 11 is fixed with a screen 12, preferably, the mesh width of the screen is less than 2 mm.
The lower main member connecting plate 13 is located on the top side of the lower main member main body frame 11, and is provided with a plurality of mounting holes 7 and 1 simple level 17.
Lower main component limiting grooves 15 are formed in two side edges of the lower main component main body frame 11, the lower main component limiting grooves 15 are wide in top and narrow in bottom, and lower main component limiting strips 16 are inserted in the lower main component limiting grooves in a preset mode.
For example, the lower main member stopper strip 16 may be made of wood.
The lower member 2, as shown in fig. 4, includes: a lower member main body frame 21, a lower member connecting plate 23, a lower member support bar 25, and a screen 22.
Specifically, the lower member main body frame 21 has a rectangular frame shape, and the material of choice is stainless steel. The lower member body frame 21 is internally fixed with a separation net 22, preferably with a mesh width of less than 2mm, and 2 intersecting lower member support bars 25 to make the separation net 22 more firm.
The lower member connecting plate 23 is located on the top side of the lower member main frame 21 and has a plurality of mounting holes 7.
The upper main member 3, as shown in fig. 5, includes: an upper main member body frame 31, an upper main member connecting plate 33, an upper main member supporting bar 35, an upper main member limiting groove 36 and a partition net 32.
Specifically, the upper main member body frame 31 has a rectangular frame shape, and the material selected is stainless steel. The upper main member body frame 31 has a spacer net 32 fixed therein, preferably having a mesh width of less than 2mm, and 2 intersecting upper main member support bars 35 for securing the spacer net 32.
The upper main member body frame 31 has an upper main member coupling plate 33 at each of the top and bottom sides thereof, and the upper main member coupling plate 33 has a plurality of mounting holes 7 formed therein.
The upper main member main body frame 31 has upper main member limiting grooves 36 on both sides.
The upper member 4, as shown in fig. 6, includes: an upper member main frame 41, an upper member connecting plate 43, an upper member supporting bar 45, and a partition net 42.
Specifically, the upper member main body frame 41 has a rectangular frame shape, and the material is stainless steel. The upper member body frame 41 is fixed with a separation net 42, preferably with a mesh width of less than 2mm, and 2 intersecting upper member support bars 45 to make the separation net 42 more firm.
The upper member main body frame 41 has an upper member connecting plate 43 on each of the upper and lower sides thereof, and the upper member connecting plate 43 has a plurality of mounting holes 7.
The catching barrel 5, as shown in fig. 7, has a hollow cylindrical structure with a bottom and no cover, the inner wall 51 of the catching barrel is smooth, and the catching barrel bottom 52 has a catching barrel drain hole 53.
The upper baffle 6, as shown in fig. 2, is a smooth-surfaced plastic plate with a plurality of mounting holes 7, which can be fixedly connected with the upper main member 3 and the upper member 4.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the size of the sample box can be designed according to the actual research community object, for example, the object is a beach or a relatively short community, and the sample box can be smaller; the boxes may be somewhat larger if they are tall large graminaceous plant communities.
Preferably, the length of the top edge of the fixed sample is preferably 50cm to 150cm, and the depth of the lower sample box is preferably 50cm to 100cm, in consideration of the actual installation difficulty and the marginal effect of the experimental sample.
Preferably, the height of the sample loading box is higher than the maximum flood level of the tide by more than 20cm, and if the maximum flood level is 100cm, the height of the above-ground sample is designed to be more than 120 cm.
Mounting method embodiment
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for installing a soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing crab disturbance is provided, which includes:
s1, selecting a place for installing the fixed sample device, and marking the positions of four edges of the fixed sample device on the ground based on the edge length of the fixed sample device.
And S2, inserting the lower sample square frame into the soil, and fixing the soil environment of the part below the ground inside the lower sample square frame. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s2.1, based on position marks of two opposite sides of the fixed sample square device on the ground, vertically inserting 2 lower main components 1 into the soil in a posture that the lower main component limiting grooves are opposite, and observing a level gauge 17 on the lower main component 1 in the process of inserting the lower main component 1 to ensure that the lower main component 1 is inserted into the ground vertically. When the lower main member 1 is completely inserted into the soil, the lower main member connecting plate 13 is flush with the ground, and the lower main member stopper strip 16 in the lower main member stopper groove 15 is pulled out. As shown in fig. 8 (a).
And S2.2, respectively pushing 2 lower side members 2 into the soil. The two side edges of the lower member 2 are simultaneously inserted into the lower main member limiting groove 15, and the lower member 2 is inserted into the soil along the inclination angle of the side edge of the lower main member 1 until the plane of the lower member connecting plate 23 is flush with the plane of the lower main member connecting plate 13. The bottom edges of the 2 lower members 2 are right connected in the soil, and form the underground part of the lower sample square frame with a closed bottom together with the lower main member 1. As shown in fig. 8(a) and 8 (b).
S2.3, respectively placing 4 catching barrels 5 near 4 right angles in the lower sample square frame and burying the catching barrels in soil, wherein the top edges of the catching barrels 5 are flush with the surface of soil; the interior of the catching bucket 5 is empty. As shown in fig. 8 (b).
And S3, installing a sample loading square frame at the upper end of the lower sample square frame, and fixing the soil environment of the part above the ground inside the sample loading square frame. The installation process of this step is shown in fig. 8(c) and 8(d), and specifically includes:
in step S3.1.2, the upper main members 3 are respectively vertically erected above the 2 lower main members 1 in a posture where the upper main member retaining grooves are opposed to each other, and the upper main member connecting plates 33 located at the lower ends of the upper main members 3 are connected to the lower main member connecting plates 13 and fixed by screws.
Step s3.2, after the upper main member 3 is fixed, the both side edges of the upper member 4 are inserted along the upper main member limiting groove 36, and the upper member connecting plate 43 at the lower end of the upper member 4 is connected to the lower member connecting plate 23 and fixed by screws.
In step S3.3.4, the side of the upper baffle 6 farther from the mounting hole is directed to the outside of the fixing sample frame, and the side is mounted on the 2 upper main member connecting plates 33 and the 2 upper member connecting plates 43 on the top side of the fixing sample frame, and fixed by screws. The mounting process of this step is shown in fig. 8 (d). The fixed prototype installation completed is shown in fig. 1.
Method of use embodiment
In another embodiment of the invention, a method for using a soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing crab disturbance is provided.
After the fixed sample device is installed, the fixed sample device can be used. The underground part of the sample fixing device is blocked by a net with the aperture less than 2mm, and the bottom of the sample fixing device is closed, so that crabs cannot enter the sample fixing device from the underground. The part above the ground of the sample fixing device is higher than the ground by a certain distance, so that crabs are prevented from entering the sample. If a few crabs climb to the top end of the outer side surface of the sample fixing device, the crabs can be blocked by the upper smooth baffle 6 and cannot climb into the inside of the sample fixing device.
The fixing sample device is installed in a mode of not damaging in-situ soil, and a small number of crabs in the soil before installation cannot be eliminated. Therefore, 4 capturing barrels 5 with smooth inner walls are buried inside the fixed sample device as biological traps, and the organisms fall into the capturing barrels 5 and cannot climb out due to the fact that the inner walls of the capturing barrels 5 are smooth, so that monitoring personnel need to monitor the condition of soil inside the fixed sample device regularly and remove the organisms in the capturing barrels 5 regularly. The tide water can be discharged from the drain hole at the bottom of the catching barrel 5 in time, so that the water accumulation in the catching barrel 5 is prevented.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and not for limiting the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: in practical applications, the above steps may be further decomposed or combined as required to complete all or part of the above described functions; the names of the steps involved in the embodiments of the present invention are only for distinguishing the steps, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention; the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and any changes and substitutions that may be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a prevent fixed side of appearance device of soil monitoring of crab disturbance which characterized in that includes:
the lower sample frame comprises an inverted triangular three-dimensional component which is formed by splicing 2 lower main components and 2 lower side components according to the sequence of the lower main components, the lower side components, the lower main components and the lower side components and has a wide upper part and a narrow lower part; 4 catching buckets are respectively placed near 4 right angles in the lower sample square frame, and the top edges of the catching buckets are flush with the top edge of the lower sample square frame; the lower sample square frame is placed in the monitored soil and used for fixing the soil and preventing crabs from entering the inner part of the lower sample square frame;
the sample loading frame comprises a rectangular three-dimensional part formed by splicing 2 upper main components and 2 upper side components according to the sequence of the upper main components, the upper side components, the upper main components and the upper side components; the 4 upper baffles are respectively fixedly connected to the top edges of the 2 upper main components and the 2 upper side components through mounting holes by screws; the sample loading square frame is placed above the ground and used for fixing the internal ground environment and preventing crabs from entering the interior of the sample loading square frame;
and the mounting hole at the top edge of the lower sample square frame is fixedly connected with the mounting hole at the bottom edge of the upper sample square frame through a screw to form a box body structure.
2. The soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing the disturbance of crabs according to claim 1, wherein the lower main member comprises: the lower main component comprises a lower main component main body frame, a lower main component connecting plate, a lower main component limiting groove, a lower main component limiting strip, a level gauge and a separation net; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the lower main component main body frame is in an inverted triangular frame shape, and a separation net is fixed in the frame;
the lower main component connecting plate is positioned on the top edge of the lower main component main body frame, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the lower main component connecting plate, and the middle part of the lower main component connecting plate comprises 1 simple level meter;
the lower main component limiting grooves are respectively positioned on two side edges of the lower main component main body frame, the groove positions are wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and the lower main component limiting strips are inserted in the groove positions in advance.
3. The soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing disturbance of crabs according to claim 2, wherein the lower member includes: the lower side member main body frame, the lower side member connecting plate, the lower side member supporting bars and the separation net are arranged on the lower side member main body frame; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the lower side component main body frame is in a rectangular frame shape, a separation net is fixed in the frame, and 2 crossed lower side component support bars support the separation net;
the lower side component connecting plate is positioned on the top edge of the lower side component main body frame and is provided with a plurality of mounting holes.
4. The soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing crab disturbance according to claim 3, wherein the upper main member comprises: the upper main component comprises an upper main component main body frame, an upper main component connecting plate, an upper main component supporting bar, an upper main component limiting groove and a separation net; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the upper main component main body frame is in a rectangular frame shape, a separation net is fixed in the frame, and 2 crossed upper main component support bars support the separation net;
2 upper main component connecting plates which are respectively positioned at the top edge and the bottom edge of the upper main component main body frame and are provided with a plurality of mounting holes;
and the 2 upper main component limiting grooves are respectively positioned on two side edges of the upper main component main body frame.
5. The soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing disturbance of crabs according to claim 4, wherein the upper member comprises: an upper member main body frame, an upper member connecting plate, an upper member supporting bar and a separation net; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the upper side component main body frame is in a rectangular frame shape, a separation net is fixed in the frame, and 2 crossed upper side component support bars support the separation net;
and 2 upper member connecting plates which are respectively positioned at the top edge and the bottom edge of the upper member main body frame and are provided with a plurality of mounting holes.
6. The soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing the disturbance of the crabs as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
the catching barrel is of a hollow cylindrical structure with a bottom and no cover, the inner wall of the catching barrel is smooth, and a drain hole is formed in the barrel bottom;
the upper baffle is a plastic plate with a smooth surface, is provided with a plurality of mounting holes and is mounted on the top edges of the upper main component and the upper side component;
the mesh width of the separation net is less than 2 mm.
7. The soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing the disturbance of the crabs as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
the inner depth of the lower sample square frame is 50 cm-100 cm;
the side length of the top edge of the sample loading box is 50 cm-150 cm;
the height of the side edge of the sample loading frame is more than 20cm higher than the maximum flooding water level of the tidal water.
8. The method for installing and using a soil monitoring and fixing sample device for preventing the disturbance of crabs according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a place for installing the fixed sample device, and marking the positions of four edges of the fixed sample device on the ground based on the edge length of the fixed sample device;
inserting the lower sample square frame into the soil, fixing the soil environment of the part below the ground inside the lower sample square frame and preventing crabs from entering;
the upper end of the lower sample square frame is provided with the sample loading square frame, the soil environment of the part above the ground inside the sample loading square frame is fixed, and crabs are prevented from entering the sample loading square frame;
periodically monitoring the soil condition inside the device and removing the organisms in the capture bucket; the accumulated water in the catching barrel is drained through a drain hole at the bottom of the catching barrel.
9. The method of installation and use of claim 8, wherein said inserting the lower template into the earth comprises:
s2.1, based on position marks of two opposite sides of the fixed sample square device on the ground and the horizontal state of the gradienter, vertically inserting 2 lower main components into the soil in a posture that the lower main component limiting grooves are opposite; when the lower main component is completely inserted into the soil, the lower main component connecting plate is flush with the ground, and the lower main component limiting strip in the lower main component limiting groove is drawn out;
step S2.2, respectively pushing 2 lower side members into the soil; the two side edges of the lower side member are simultaneously inserted into the lower main member limiting groove, the lower side member is inserted into the soil along the inclination angle of the side edge of the lower main member until the plane of the lower side member connecting plate is flush with the plane of the lower main member connecting plate, the bottom edges of 2 lower side members are just connected in the soil, and the lower side members and the lower main member form the underground part of the lower sample square frame with the closed bottom;
s2.3, respectively placing 4 capturing barrels near 4 right angles in the lower sample square frame and burying the capturing barrels in soil, wherein the top edges of the capturing barrels are flush with the surface of soil; the interior of the capture bucket is empty.
10. The method of installing and using as claimed in claim 9, wherein said installing said top sample block on top of said bottom sample block comprises:
s3.1, respectively vertically erecting the upper main component and the upper main component of 2 upper main component on the upper main component of 2 lower main components in opposite postures; the upper main member connecting plate positioned at the lower end of the upper main member is connected with the lower main member connecting plate and is fixed by screws;
s3.2, inserting the two side edges of the upper member along the upper main member limiting groove, connecting an upper member connecting plate and a lower member connecting plate which are positioned at the lower end of the upper member, and fixing by using screws;
and S3.3, enabling the side, far away from the mounting hole, of the 4 upper baffles to face the outer side of the sample loading frame, respectively mounting the upper baffles on an upper main component connecting plate and an upper side component connecting plate which are positioned at the top edge of the sample loading frame, and fixing the upper baffles by screws.
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