CN106053763A - Experimental apparatus and method for hyporheic zone under field riverbed evolution - Google Patents
Experimental apparatus and method for hyporheic zone under field riverbed evolution Download PDFInfo
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- CN106053763A CN106053763A CN201610536369.3A CN201610536369A CN106053763A CN 106053763 A CN106053763 A CN 106053763A CN 201610536369 A CN201610536369 A CN 201610536369A CN 106053763 A CN106053763 A CN 106053763A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental apparatus for a hyporheic zone under field riverbed evolution, comprising a foundation pit excavated at the bottom of a riverbed; water-filtering geotextile is spread at the bottom of the foundation pit, a rectangular container formed by splicing and enclosing a plurality of combined plastic plates is arranged above the geotextile, and the bottom of the rectangular container is fixed to the riverbed; the combined plastic plates are each composed of a plurality of plastic plates with round holes, a sampling hole is provided between upper and lower plastic plates, the outside of each sampling hole is covered with veneer, and the inside of each sampling hole is covered with thin film; grit accumulated in wavy form is contained in the rectangular container, a plastic mesh is spread above the grit, the plastic mesh is lapped to the combined plastic plates through lap fasteners. By setting up a river slope and physiochemically analyzing water coverage on the sand slope and by using the experimental apparatus to perform layered sectional sampling on the inside of the sand slope, riverbed evolution in the hyporheic zone riverbed is obtained; by using the reasonably designed experimental apparatus, it is easy to perform field experiments under complex geographic conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to current detection field, in the case of particularly relating to a kind of field river bed change, measure phreatic zone experiment dress
Put and experimental technique.
Background technology
In natural river, surface water is referred to as undercurrent exchange, this process pair with the interaction process of phreatic water
The most benthic existence, material circulates and energy exchange has important impact, and the fine grained in surface water is such as simultaneously
Silt, the riverbed composition within phreatic zone as well as current entrance phreatic zone inside thus is impacted by microorganism etc..Logical
Chang research worker is tested by indoor circulation tank, and combines the method for numerical simulation to determine the change in the internal riverbed of its phreatic zone
Change form, but this process has often been done a lot it is assumed that exchange process in true river can not be complied fully with.Prior art
In not to the research of evolution process inside phreatic zone riverbed in actual river.
It would therefore be highly desirable to solution the problems referred to above.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of efficiency height and samples convenient field river bed change situation
Lower measurement phreatic zone experimental provision.
The second object of the present invention measures the experiment side of phreatic zone experimental provision in the case of being to provide this field river bed change
Method.
Technical scheme: for realizing object above, measures phreatic zone in the case of the river bed change of a kind of field of the present invention
Experimental provision, being included in excavation bottom riverbed has foundation ditch, and the bottom of this foundation ditch is equipped with drainage type geotextile, this geotextile
It is arranged over being spliced, by several Combined-type plastic flitch, the rectangular tank surrounded, bottom this rectangular tank, is fixed on riverbed
On, the outside of this rectangular tank is folded is provided with several detachable clamps；Described Combined-type plastic flitch by some open round-meshed
Plastic plate combines, and leaves thief hole between upper and lower plastic plate, and the outside of this thief hole is covered with veneer, and inner side is covered with thin
Film；Being contained with inside rectangular tank and be piled into wavy gravel, this gravel is overlaid with plastic wire, and this plastic wire passes through
Hasp is overlapped on Combined-type plastic flitch；During sampling, from centre to both sides, be sampled from the top down, above husky slope down
Inserting division board, insert sampling plate in thief hole, the sampled plate of rectangular tank, division board and plastic plate are divided into several
Close container, sampling plate is disassembled, is inserted into sampler, the sand sample that sampler obtains is taken back laboratory and carries out sand sample
Density, the measurement of grating and sand sample enter the observed and recorded of microorganism.
Preferably, described Combined-type plastic flitch offering some circular holes being evenly arranged, this circular hole is inserted into cylindric
Sticking plaster；This Combined-type plastic flitch includes A shape flitch and Type B plastic plate, feather joint between adj acent plastic plate；Described A shape
Flitch is formed by opening folded the setting of round-meshed big plastic plate and the big plastic plate of atresia, and wherein the big plate of atresia is positioned at outside rectangular tank
Wall, opens round-meshed big plate and is positioned at the inwall of rectangular tank；Described Type B plastic plate include being spliced by several compoboards and
Becoming, this compoboard is formed by opening folded the setting of round-meshed little plastic plate and the little plastic plate of atresia, and wherein the little plastic plate of atresia is positioned at length
Square container outer wall, opens round-meshed little plastic plate and is positioned at rectangular tank inwall；Feather joint between the compoboard of left and right, up and down group
Leaving thief hole between plywood, the outside of this thief hole is covered with veneer, and inner side is covered with thin film.
Further, the corner of described A shape flitch and Type B plastic plate is interfixed by the base of band notch.
Wherein, it is provided with fixed plastics wall in the outside of described rectangular tank, this fixed plastics wall end by band notch
Seat is fixed on foundation ditch；Described fixed plastics wall is made up of several plastic plates, feather joint between the adj acent plastic plate of left and right, up and down
Leave thief hole between adj acent plastic plate, connected by column fastener.
Preferably, inside described rectangular tank, corresponding to being provided with at thief hole for fixing the bearing that sampling plate inserts.
Further, rectangular tank inner upper is provided with the deck for fixing division board, and this deck is along rectangular tank
Length direction uniform, the position of each deck corresponding to Combined-type plastic flitch transverse joint at.
Preferably, described division board is formed by folded the setting of monoblock shaping piece and detachable shaping piece, if detachable shaping piece by
A dry shaping piece is connected is formed by plastic sleeve and sticking plaster with handles.
Furthermore, on described rectangular tank inwall, it is positioned at the stream being arranged over for measuring side flow rate of water flow of gravel
Speed instrument.
The experimental technique of phreatic zone experimental provision is measured, including such as in the case of the river bed change of employing field of the present invention
Lower step:
The first step: select position, basin according to design requirement, dig foundation ditch processed on the riverbed in dry season, and bottom foundation ditch
Lay certain thickness drainage type geotextile, after completing, prefabricated Combined-type plastic flitch assembly is formed rectangular tank, long
The bottom of square container is fixed on riverbed.
Second step: inserted by sampling plate in the thief hole in rectangular tank, runs through rectangular tank, and describes from rectangular
The other side of device is stretched out；Position according to sampling plate assembles fixed plastics wall, and by the base of band notch by fixed plastics
Wall is fixed on foundation ditch；Sampling plate is extracted out, the circular hole in rectangular tank inserts cylindric plastic plate；
3rd step: the husky slope of preparation, is placed into the sand cleaned with deionized water in rectangular tank, and husky slope height is high
In the veneer of the superiors, the surface of grit is coated with one layer of plastic wire, and is overlapped on Combined-type plastic flitch by staple；
4th step: the current meter being provided above for measuring side flow rate of water flow of gravel in rectangular tank, can
Nonporous plastic plate on dismounting clamp and rectangular tank unloads, and opens round-meshed plastics adjacent after unloading the plastic plate of atresia
Sealing strip is inserted between plate；In whole experimentation, every 8 hours, rectangular tank is covered water sampling, measure and wherein hang sand
Content and particle diameter distribution；
5th step: after waiting that foundation ditch spills the water surface again, first places nonporous plastic opening round-meshed plastic plate side
Plate, then discharges the water in foundation ditch；After current emptying in foundation ditch, starting sampling, rectangular tank is divided into M section N shell,
Wherein M and N is odd number；In order to ensure that the stable of husky slope is sampled to the section on both sides, by two pieces of isolation from middle section
Plate inserts in the gap between adjacent bearing respectively until division board is inserted into the bottom of rectangular tank and mark line with rectangular
Describe that the top of device overlaps, and fixed by deck, four pieces of sampling plates are inserted respectively into the thief hole of four layers of fixed plastics wall
With in the thief hole of Type B combined plastic plate, until the graduation mark of sampling plate tail end is concordant with the edge of rectangular tank；
6th step: Stratified Sampling, is sampled from top to bottom to sampling section；By removable in fixed plastics wall and division board
Divide shaping piece to disassemble out respectively, then the division board and the plastic plate that fractionation are got off are combined into a sampling container, by division board
Monoblock division board is fixed, and circular hole reserved on sampling plate is inserted into fixing cylindric sticking plaster, lifts sampling container, will
The sampling container that division board, plastic plate and sampling plate are formed sets aside；The second layer and the 4th layer are only retained for same section
The grit sample taken out, repeats the 5th step and the 6th step until whole rectangular tank all completes sampling；
7th step: put into by sampler in sampling container, opens sampling container, and the sampler vanning gathered is sent into experiment
Room；
8th step: put into by sampler in baking oven and dry, then weighs on electronic scale and obtains quality m1, in conjunction with prediction
Quality m0 of sampler and the volume V of sampler are such that it is able to obtain sand densityBy the sand in sampler
Taking-up is sieved, and obtains its grading curve and median particle diameter, the thinnest granule Malvern that particularly will screen out
Particle Size Analyzer measures the distribution of its particle diameter further；
9th step: the sand sample taking screening is observed, looks first at macroscopic biology the most that may be present, then
By sand sample as under microscope, algae therein or microorganism observed in record.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the present invention has a following remarkable advantage:
(1) present invention is by building husky slope and husky slope overlying water being carried out physico-chemical analysis, uses this experimental provision to husky slope
Inside carries out hierarchical block sampling thus obtains the situation that internal riverbed, phreatic zone riverbed develops, and have employed experiment cheap and easy to get
Material, and experimental provision reasonable in design, and be prone to build experimental facilities in the field of complicated topographical conditions, and carry out reality
Test；
(2) present invention is at upper berth, riverbed certain thickness drainage type geotextile, and covers one layer on the surface of gravel
The plastic wire that aperture is less, on husky slope, surrounding is provided with plastic plate with holes, is guaranteed in experimentation medium-fine sand the fewest
Along with current flow out, and then the damage of husky domatic state is caused to change；Ensure that the current of husky slope periphery the most to greatest extent simultaneously
Characteristic is not affected by experimental provision；
(3) present invention is provided with detachable plastic plate, prevents flowing out of grit to be conducive to the moulding of husky slope when heap sand slope,
The morphological stability on husky slope is not affected when dismantling experimental provision and drainage of foundation pit；
(4) gap between plastic plate is provided with sealing strip, thus when drainage of foundation pit, the current within rectangular tank are several
Do not produce flowing, and then decrease the current flowing disturbance to husky slope, thus ensure that what Sha Po sampled stablizes.
(5) sampling plate is first inserted in container by the present invention when assembling rectangular tank, and according to the set of locations of sampling plate
Dress fixed plastics plate, is additionally provided with the bearing of fixing sampling plate simultaneously inside rectangular tank, it is ensured that sampling plate is in experiment sampling
Stage insert in rectangular tank keep straight will not be crooked, sampler avoids bearing when inserting husky slope, thus reduces bearing
The experimental error that the interference of water flow motion character istics is brought；
(6) assembling after complete sampling plate extracts, be provided with veneer outside the position that original sampling plate inserts, inner side sets
Thin film, such that it is able to strengthen the stability of total, prevent grit spills the insertion being simultaneously also convenient for sampling plate；
(7) top of rectangular tank is provided with between deck and hold-down support and leaves certain gap, facilitates division board
Insertion, the monoblock division board in division board can prevent during a section sampling, and sampling operation is to side bed ripples
Impact.Detachable division board is also allowed for by the stability of sticking plaster with handles and plastic sleeve its entirety of link enhancement simultaneously
Dismounting in sampling process.
(8) whole sampling process is from mid-section to both sides section, ensure that bed ripples to greatest extent to lower floor from upper strata
Stablize, insert impact on bed ripples to down-sample plate, only leave and take the second layer and the sample of the 4th layer, split division board and
Sampling plate finally constitutes a sampling container, is inserted into sampler and is sampled, and facilitates the transport of sample；
(9) sand sample in sampler is not only measured its density, the change of grating, also observe wherein in river simultaneously
Biological gathering situation, concrete distribution pattern biological in having verified phreatic zone.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the top view of the present invention；
Fig. 3 be in Fig. 2 A-A to sectional view；
Fig. 4 be in Fig. 2 B-B to sectional view；
Fig. 5 is the top view of division board in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the side view of division board in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of sampler in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of sampling plate in the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the sampling container of composition in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings technical scheme is described further.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, phreatic zone experimental provision is measured in the case of the river bed change of one field of the present invention, including base
Hole 1, drainage type geotextile 2, Combined-type plastic flitch 3, A shape flitch 301, Type B plastic plate 302, compoboard 303, rectangle
Container 4, thief hole 5, veneer 6, gravel 7, plastic wire 8, division board 9, monoblock shaping piece 901, detachable shaping piece 902, take
Model 10, sampler 11, the base 12 of band notch, fixed plastics wall 13, column fastener 14, bearing 15, deck 16, plastic sheath
Cylinder 17, current meter 18, cylindric sticking plaster 19, spacing hole 20, detachable clamp 21.
Bottom riverbed, excavation has foundation ditch 1, and the bottom of this foundation ditch 1 is equipped with drainage type geotextile 2, protects to greatest extent
Demonstrate,prove stablizing of experimentation Wave.This geotextile 2 is arranged over being spliced, by several Combined-type plastic flitch 3, the length surrounded
Square container 4, is fixed on riverbed with setscrew bottom this rectangular tank 4, and the outside of described rectangular tank 4 is folded to be provided with
Several detachable clamps 21.Described Combined-type plastic flitch 3 is opened round-meshed plastic plate combined by some, upper and lower plastic plate
Between leave thief hole 5, the outside of this thief hole 5 is covered with veneer 6, and inner side is covered with thin film.As it is shown in figure 1, combined plastic
Offering some circular holes being evenly arranged on plate 3, this circular hole is inserted into cylindric sticking plaster 19, it is fixed with division board 9.Should
Combined-type plastic flitch 3 includes A shape flitch 301 and Type B plastic plate 302, feather joint between adj acent plastic plate, A shape flitch 301
Being interfixed by the base 12 of band notch with the corner of Type B plastic plate 302, the bearing 4 of band notch is I font, just buckle
A shape flitch 301 and Type B plastic plate 302 make plastic plate fix.Described A shape flitch 301 round-meshed is moulded greatly by opening
Flitch and folded the setting of the big plastic plate of atresia form, and wherein the big plate of atresia is positioned at the outer wall of rectangular tank 4, opens round-meshed big plate position
Inwall in rectangular tank 4；Described Type B plastic plate 302 includes being spliced by several compoboards 303, it is preferred that use
The compoboard 303 of 3 row 5 row is spliced.This compoboard 303 is by opening folded the setting of round-meshed little plastic plate and the little plastic plate of atresia
Becoming, wherein the little plastic plate of atresia is positioned at rectangular tank outer wall, opens round-meshed little plastic plate and is positioned at rectangular tank inwall；Left
Feather joint between right compoboard, leaves thief hole 5 between upper and lower compoboard, the outside of this thief hole 5 is covered with veneer 6, inner side
It is covered with thin film.The thickness of veneer 6 is 1mm, prevents water from penetrating into the water in rectangular tank or rectangular tank in experimentation
Oozing out, during sampling, sampling plate pierces through veneer and thin film, inserts in rectangular tank.
Internal being contained with of rectangular tank 4 is piled into wavy gravel 7, and this gravel 7 is 0.3cm overlaid with aperture
Thickness is the plastic wire 8 of 2.0mm, and this plastic wire 8 is overlapped on Combined-type plastic flitch 3 by hasp, and plastic wire 8 can not only be prevented
Only the measurement also being able to not affect data walked by gravel 7 along with ripples waft, and improves the precision of data.
And on combined plastic plate 3, the position of gravel 1 it is decorated with signature pen.Foundation ditch 8 top is put down with gravel 1 top edge
Together, it is ensured that the smooth-going of the current in inflow rectangular tank, the perforate on combined plastic plate and the plastic wire 9 on gravel 1, from
The experimental provision impact on wave periphery streamflow regime itself is decreased on minimum level.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, during sampling, in sampling plate 10, the inner side of thief hole 5 is provided with plastic foil and prevents in handling process
Disturbance to bed ripples；From centre to both sides, it is sampled from the top down, above husky slope, down inserts division board 9, at thief hole
Inserting sampling plate 10 in 5, the sampled plate of rectangular tank 4 10, division board 9 and plastic plate are divided into several and close container, will
Sampling plate 10 disassembles, and is inserted into sampler 11, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, the sand sample that sampler 11 obtains is taken back experiment
Room carries out entering in sand sample density, the measurement of grating and sand sample the observed and recorded of microorganism, as shown in Figure 9.
It is provided with fixed plastics wall 13, this fixed plastics wall 13 end by band notch in the outside of described rectangular tank 4
Seat 12 is fixed on foundation ditch 1.The height of the thief hole 5 inserted for sampling plate 10 on fixed plastics wall 13 and Type B plastic plate 302 is wanted
Ensure consistent, facilitate the insertion of sampling plate 13 to down-sample in plate 13 insertion process the disturbance to bed ripples simultaneously, thus improve
The accuracy of experiment.
Described fixed plastics wall 13 is made up of several plastic plates, feather joint between the adj acent plastic plate of left and right, neighbouring
Leaving thief hole 5 between plastic plate, connected by column fastener 14, column fastener 14 includes sticking plaster, and plastic plate is upper and lower
It is fastened on plastic plate, connects fixing for upper and lower plastic plate by rotating engaging.Described rectangular tank 4 is internal, corresponding to taking
It is provided with at sample hole 5 for fixing the bearing 15 that sampling plate 10 inserts.Described rectangular tank 4 inner upper be provided with for fixing every
From the deck 16 of plate 9, this deck 16 is uniform along the length direction of rectangular tank, and the position of each deck 16 corresponds to combination type
At the transverse joint of plastic plate 3.Described division board 9 is formed by monoblock shaping piece 901 and folded the setting of detachable shaping piece 902, removable
Shaping piece 902 is divided to be connected form by several shaping pieces by plastic sleeve 17 and sticking plaster with handles, such as Fig. 5 and Tu
Shown in 6.On described rectangular tank 4 inwall, be positioned at gravel 7 be arranged over current meter 18, be used for measuring side flow rate of water flow
's.
A kind of utilize the experimental technique measuring phreatic zone experimental provision in the case of the river bed change of field, comprise the steps:
The first step: select position, basin according to design requirement, the system of digging on the riverbed in dry season long 7m, high 0.7m, width
The foundation ditch 1 of 0.7m, and bottom foundation ditch 1, lay certain thickness drainage type geotextile 2, by prefabricated Combined-type plastic after completing
Flitch 3 is assembled forms 2.5m, high 0.5m, the rectangular tank 4 of wide 0.5m, and the bottom setscrew of rectangular tank 4 is fixed
On riverbed.
Second step: sampling plate 10 is inserted in the thief hole 5 in rectangular tank 4, run through rectangular tank 4, and from length
The other side of square container 4 is stretched out；Position according to sampling plate 10 assembles fixed plastics wall 13, and by the base of band notch
Fixed plastics wall 13 is fixed on foundation ditch 1 by 12；Sampling plate 10 is extracted out, the circular hole in rectangular tank 4 inserts cylinder
Shape sticking plaster 19；
3rd step: check whole device steadiness, sealing, the husky slope of preparation, the sand cleaned with deionized water is put
Inserting in rectangular tank 4, husky slope height is higher than the veneer 6 of the superiors, and the surface of grit 7 is coated with one layer of plastic wire 8, and
It is overlapped on Combined-type plastic flitch 3 by staple；
4th step: for the side of SL237-005-1999 specific gravity test in grit reference " earthwork test rule " of selection
Method, by the apparent density with volumetric flask method measurement grit, obtains its grading curve and intermediate value grain by grit 7 screening simultaneously
Footpath；The current meter 18 being provided above for measuring side flow rate of water flow of gravel in rectangular tank, by detachable clamp 21
Unload with the nonporous plastic plate on rectangular tank 4, open between round-meshed plastic plate adjacent after unloading the plastic plate of atresia
Insert sealing strip, firm rectangular tank 4；In whole experimentation, every 8 hours, rectangular tank is covered water sampling, measure
Wherein outstanding husky content and particle diameter distribution；
5th step: after waiting that foundation ditch 1 spills the water surface again, first places nonporous plastic opening round-meshed plastic plate side
Plate, then discharges the water in foundation ditch；After current emptying in foundation ditch, starting sampling, rectangular tank is divided into M section N shell,
Wherein M and N is odd number, 5 layers of preferably 9 sections；In order to ensure that the stable of husky slope is carried out to the section on both sides from middle section
Two pieces of division boards 9 are inserted in the gap between adjacent bearing until division board 9 is inserted into the end of rectangular tank by sampling respectively
Portion and mark line overlap with the top of rectangular tank, and are fixed by deck, and four pieces of sampling plates 10 are inserted respectively into four layers
In the thief hole of fixed plastics wall 13 and the thief hole of Type B combined plastic plate 302, until the graduation mark of sampling plate tail end is with rectangular
Describe that the edge of device 4 is concordant；
6th step: Stratified Sampling, is sampled from top to bottom to sampling section；By in fixed plastics wall 13 and division board 9
Detachable shaping piece is disassembled out respectively, is taken out by the plastic sleeve 17 in division board 9, by the handle that stretches out by inside division board
Sticking plaster first rotate and take out again, fixed plastics wall 13 is also adopted by same method and disassembles out, by sticking plaster with handles from
Jack reserved on division board 9 and plastic plate inserts, then the division board and the plastic plate that fractionation are got off are combined into one
Sampling container, fixes monoblock division board in division board, and circular hole reserved on sampling plate is inserted into fixing cylindric mould
Charge bar, lifts sampling container, is set aside by the sampling container that division board 9, plastic plate and sampling plate 10 are formed；For same disconnected
Face only retains the second layer and the 4th layer of grit sample taken out, and repeats the 5th step and the 6th step until whole rectangular tank is the completeest
Become sampling；
7th step: for the sampling container being placed on, first opens being reserved in the spacing hole 20 bottom sampling plate,
Then the notch that the lid of sampler is opened on sampling plate is inserted perpendicularly in sampling container, until bottom and sampling plate
On spacing hole 20 overlap.After four spacing holes on sampling plate are repeated aforesaid operations, open sampler, will with plastic board
The grit of each sampler overthe openings is removed, and closes the lid, is then cleaned up by the grit of periphery with clear water, by gather
Laboratory is sent in sampler vanning；
8th step: put into by sampler 11 in baking oven and dry, then weighs on electronic scale and obtains quality m1, in conjunction with prediction
Quality m0 of sampler and the volume V of sampler such that it is able to obtain sand densityBy the sand in sampler
Son takes out and sieves, and obtains its grading curve and median particle diameter, the thinnest granule Ma Er that particularly will screen out
Literary composition Particle Size Analyzer measures the distribution of its particle diameter further；
9th step: the sand sample taking screening is observed, looks first at macroscopic biology the most that may be present, then
By sand sample as under microscope, algae therein or microorganism observed in record.
In order to make experiment exchange exchange capacity closer to true river conditions subsurface flow, what described plastic plate will be enough is thin
It is more preferably less than 2cm but is intended to hard, ensure the water environment in river the most to greatest extent.
Claims (9)
1. in the case of a field river bed change, measure phreatic zone experimental provision, it is characterised in that: it is included in bottom riverbed and excavates
Having foundation ditch (1), the bottom of this foundation ditch (1) to be equipped with drainage type geotextile (2), this geotextile (2) is arranged over by some
Individual Combined-type plastic flitch (3) splices the rectangular tank (4) surrounded, and this rectangular tank (4) bottom is fixed on riverbed, and this is long
The outside of square container (4) is folded is provided with several detachable clamps (21)；Described Combined-type plastic flitch (3) is had circular hole by some
Plastic plate combine, leave thief hole (5) between upper and lower plastic plate, the outside of this thief hole (5) is covered with veneer (6),
Inner side is covered with thin film；Internal being contained with of rectangular tank (4) is piled into wavy gravel (7), this gravel (7) overlaid with
Plastic wire (8), this plastic wire (8) is overlapped on Combined-type plastic flitch (3) by hasp；During sampling, from centre to both sides, from upper
It is sampled downwards, above husky slope, down inserts division board (9), thief hole (5) inserts sampling plate (10), rectangular describe
Device (4) sampled plate (10), division board (9) and plastic plate are divided into several and close container, are disassembled by sampling plate (10),
Be inserted into sampler (11), the sand sample that sampler (11) obtains is taken back laboratory carry out sand sample density, the measurement of grating and
Sand sample enters the observed and recorded of microorganism.
Phreatic zone experimental provision is measured in the case of the river bed change of field the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Offering some circular holes being evenly arranged on Combined-type plastic flitch (3), this circular hole is inserted into cylindric sticking plaster (19)；This combination
Formula plastic plate (3) includes A shape flitch (301) and Type B plastic plate (302), feather joint between adj acent plastic plate；Described A shape
Flitch (301) is formed by opening folded the setting of round-meshed big plastic plate and the big plastic plate of atresia, and wherein the big plate of atresia is positioned at rectangular describing
The outer wall of device (4), opens round-meshed big plate and is positioned at the inwall of rectangular tank (4)；Described Type B plastic plate (302) if include by
A dry compoboard (303) is spliced, and this compoboard (303) is by opening round-meshed little plastic plate and folded the setting of the little plastic plate of atresia
Becoming, wherein the little plastic plate of atresia is positioned at rectangular tank outer wall, opens round-meshed little plastic plate and is positioned at rectangular tank inwall；Left
Feather joint between right compoboard, leaves thief hole (5) between upper and lower compoboard, the outside of this thief hole (5) is covered with veneer
(6), inner side is covered with thin film.
Phreatic zone experimental provision is measured in the case of the river bed change of field the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described
The corner of A shape flitch (301) and Type B plastic plate (302) is interfixed by the base (12) of band notch.
Phreatic zone experimental provision is measured in the case of the river bed change of field the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in institute
The outside stating rectangular tank (4) is provided with fixed plastics wall (13), this fixed plastics wall (13) base (12) by band notch
It is fixed on foundation ditch (1)；Described fixed plastics wall (13) is made up of several plastic plates, and between the adj acent plastic plate of left and right, tenon is even
Connect, leave thief hole (5) between neighbouring plastic plate, and connected by column fastener (14).
Phreatic zone experimental provision is measured in the case of the river bed change of field the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Inside rectangular tank (4), it is provided with for fixing the bearing (15) that sampling plate (10) inserts corresponding to thief hole (5) place.
Phreatic zone experimental provision is measured in the case of the river bed change of field the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Rectangular tank (4) inner upper is provided with the deck (16) for fixing division board (9), and this deck (16) is along rectangular tank
Length direction is uniform, and the position of each deck (16) corresponds at the transverse joint of Combined-type plastic flitch (3).
Phreatic zone experimental provision is measured in the case of the river bed change of field the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Division board (9) is formed by folded the setting of monoblock shaping piece (901) and detachable shaping piece (902), and detachable shaping piece (902) is by some
Individual shaping piece is connected is formed by plastic sleeve (17) and sticking plaster with handles.
Phreatic zone experimental provision is measured in the case of the river bed change of field the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
On rectangular tank (4) inwall, it is positioned at the current meter (18) being arranged over for measuring side flow rate of water flow of gravel (7).
9. one kind utilizes the reality measuring phreatic zone experimental provision in claim 1-8 in the case of arbitrary described field river bed change
Proved recipe method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
The first step: select position, basin according to design requirement, digs foundation ditch processed on the riverbed in dry season, and lays bottom foundation ditch
Certain thickness drainage type geotextile, forms rectangular tank (4) by assembled for prefabricated Combined-type plastic flitch (3) after completing,
The bottom of rectangular tank (4) is fixed on riverbed, and the outside of this rectangular tank is folded is provided with several detachable clamps (21).
Second step: sampling plate (10) is inserted in the thief hole (5) in rectangular tank, runs through rectangular tank, and from rectangular
Describe that the other side of device (4) is stretched out；Position according to sampling plate (10) assembles fixed plastics wall (13), and by band notch
Fixed plastics wall (13) is fixed on foundation ditch by base (12)；Sampling plate (10) is extracted out, in the circular hole in rectangular tank
Insert cylindric plastic plate (19)；
3rd step: the husky slope of preparation, is placed into the sand cleaned with deionized water in rectangular tank (4), and husky slope height is high
In the veneer (6) of the superiors, the surface of grit (7) is coated with one layer of plastic wire (8), and is overlapped on combined plastic by staple
On plate (3)；
4th step: the current meter (18) being provided above for measuring side flow rate of water flow of gravel (7) in rectangular tank, will
Nonporous plastic plate on detachable clamp (21) and rectangular tank (4) unloads, and has adjacent after unloading the plastic plate of atresia
Sealing strip is inserted between the plastic plate of circular hole；In whole experimentation, every 8 hours, rectangular tank is covered water sampling, survey
Amount wherein outstanding husky content and particle diameter distribution；
5th step: after waiting foundation ditch (1) spilling the water surface again, first places nonporous plastic opening round-meshed plastic plate side
Plate, then discharges the water in foundation ditch (1)；After current emptying in foundation ditch (1), starting sampling, rectangular tank is divided into M to break
Face N shell, wherein M and N is odd number；In order to ensure that the stable of husky slope is sampled to the section on both sides, by two from middle section
Block division board (9) inserts in the gap between adjacent bearing (15) respectively until division board (9) is inserted into the end of rectangular tank
Portion and mark line overlap with the top of rectangular tank, and are fixed by deck (16), four pieces of sampling plates (10) are inserted respectively
Interior to the thief hole (5) of four layers of fixed plastics wall (13) and the thief hole (5) of Type B combined plastic plate (302), until sampling plate
(10) graduation mark of tail end and the edge of rectangular tank are concordant；
6th step: Stratified Sampling, is sampled from top to bottom to sampling section；By in fixed plastics wall (13) and division board (9)
Detachable shaping piece is disassembled out respectively, then the division board and the plastic plate that fractionation are got off are combined into a sampling container, will isolation
In plate (9), monoblock division board (901) is fixed, and is inserted into fixing cylindric sticking plaster at the upper reserved circular hole of sampling plate (10)
(19), lift sampling container, the sampling container that division board (9), plastic plate and sampling plate (10) are formed is set aside；For same
One section only retains the grit sample that the second layer and the 4th layer take out, and repeats the 5th step and the 6th step until whole rectangular tank
All complete sampling；
7th step: put in sampling container by sampler (11), open sampling container, sends into sampler (11) vanning gathered
Laboratory；
8th step: put into by sampler (11) in baking oven and dry, then weighs on electronic scale and obtains quality m1, in conjunction with prediction
Quality m0 of sampler and the volume V of sampler are such that it is able to obtain sand densityBy the sand in sampler
Taking-up is sieved, and obtains its grading curve and median particle diameter, the thinnest granule Malvern that particularly will screen out
Particle Size Analyzer measures the distribution of its particle diameter further；
9th step: the sand sample taking screening is observed, looks first at macroscopic biology the most that may be present, then by sand
Sample is as under microscope, and algae therein or microorganism observed in record.
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| CN112484959A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-12 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Subsurface flow exchange research experimental device capable of changing surface water and underground water replenishing and discharging relation |
| CN112556985A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-03-26 | 同济大学 | Riparian zone lateral undercurrent exchange simulation device with adjustable length and test method |
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| CN106053763B (en) | 2018-03-20 |
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