CN112484959A - Subsurface flow exchange research experimental device capable of changing surface water and underground water replenishing and discharging relation - Google Patents
Subsurface flow exchange research experimental device capable of changing surface water and underground water replenishing and discharging relation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112484959A CN112484959A CN202011192667.8A CN202011192667A CN112484959A CN 112484959 A CN112484959 A CN 112484959A CN 202011192667 A CN202011192667 A CN 202011192667A CN 112484959 A CN112484959 A CN 112484959A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an undercurrent exchange research experimental device capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and discharging, which is characterized by comprising a sand tank main body, a surface water circulating driving device, an underground water pumping/recharging device and an external water pumping/recharging device for keeping the water quantity in the device balanced; the sand tank main body comprises a main sand box, a left water tank, a right water tank and a lower water tank; the surface water circulation driving device consists of a water pipe connecting part and a centrifugal pump; the groundwater pumping/recharging device consists of a water pipe connecting part, a bidirectional peristaltic pump and a water storage tank. The advantages are that: the device can simulate all three supplement and discharge relations between surface water and underground water, can quantitatively control the supplement or discharge rate between the surface water and the underground water according to experimental needs, switches different supplement and discharge relations through the bidirectional peristaltic pump, is economical and practical, simple to operate, convenient and easy to operate, and has important significance for subsurface flow exchange research under the drive of sand dunes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface water and underground water exchange, in particular to an undercurrent exchange research experimental device capable of changing the replenishing and discharging relation between surface water and underground water, which can automatically set the conditions of replenishing and discharging underground water by surface water, draining underground water by surface water or the non-replenishing and discharging relation between surface water and underground water, change the replenishing or discharging speed according to needs and belong to the technical field of surface water and underground water exchange.
Background
The undercurrent exchange is an important component for exchanging surface water and underground water, and has important significance for the health of an ecological system of an undercurrent zone and the migration and restoration of pollutants. Surface water flows through sand dunes at the bottom of the river, a pressure gradient is formed on the surface of the sand dunes, and the surface water is driven to flow into the river bed and return to the surface, so that subsurface flow exchange is formed. Many important environmental or engineering problems, such as river and groundwater water quality problems, river remediation problems, effects of climate change, the function of the river ecosystem, etc., are affected by subsurface flow exchange. The research of undercurrent exchange has become a research hotspot of subjects such as hydrology and ecological environment.
The establishment of a sand tank model for physical experiments is one of the important methods for researching the subsurface flow exchange process driven by sand dunes. In conducting sand dune driven subsurface flow exchange process studies, it is often necessary to consider the effects of different surface water and groundwater remediation relationships. There are three relationships between groundwater and surface water: the surface water supplies the underground water, the surface water drains the underground water, and the surface water and the underground water have no supplement and drain relationship. Existing subsurface flow exchange sand trough models typically do not consider the recharge/discharge between surface water and groundwater, or consider only the conditions of a single surface water recharge groundwater or surface water discharge groundwater.
Therefore, it is significant to establish a subsurface flow exchange experimental device which can change the replenishing and discharging relation between surface water and underground water and quantitatively control the replenishing or discharging rate.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide an underflow exchange experimental apparatus capable of changing the relation between surface water and groundwater, so as to solve the problem that the existing underflow exchange experimental apparatus usually does not consider the supply/drainage between surface water and groundwater or only considers the single condition of surface water supply/drainage groundwater.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides:
the undercurrent exchange research experiment device capable of changing the replenishing and draining relationship between surface water and underground water is characterized by comprising a sand tank main body, a surface water circulation driving device, an underground water pumping/recharging device and an external water pumping/recharging device for keeping the water quantity in the device balanced; the sand tank main body comprises a main sand box positioned in the middle, water tanks positioned on the left side and the right side and a water tank positioned on the lower part; the surface water circulation driving device consists of a water pipe connecting part and a centrifugal pump; the underground water pumping/recharging device consists of a water pipe connecting part, a bidirectional peristaltic pump and a water storage tank which are positioned at the lower part of the device; the external water quantity extraction/recharge device consists of a water pipe connecting part positioned at the upper part of the device, a one-way peristaltic pump and a water supply valve.
Preferably, the main sand box, the left and right water tanks, the lower water tank and the water storage tank are all made of visual organic glass plates and are in cuboid shapes;
furthermore, experimental quartz sand with a certain depth is filled in the main sand box and is used for simulating a natural riverbed; the water tanks on the left side and the right side respectively simulate surface water on the upstream and the downstream of a river; the lower water tank is used for simulating underground water; the water storage tank is used for storing pumping/recharging water.
Furthermore, the upper part of the organic glass partition plate between the main sand box and the left and right water tanks is provided with uniformly distributed leakage holes, so that surface water can flow through the main sand box from the left water tank and enter the right water tank; the organic glass partition plate between the main sand box and the lower water tank is provided with leakage holes which are uniformly distributed, so that surface water in the main sand box and underground water in the lower water tank can be replenished or drained.
Furthermore, a layer of gauze is laid on the organic glass partition plate between the main sand box and the left and right water tanks and the organic glass partition plate between the main sand box and the lower water tank, so that the quartz sand is prevented from leaking through the leakage holes.
Furthermore, the lower parts of the left and right water tanks are respectively provided with a pipeline interface which is used for being externally connected with a water pipe connecting part of a surface water circulation driving device; the lower part of the lower water tank is provided with three pipeline connectors for connecting with a water pipe connecting part of an underground water pumping/recharging device.
Preferably, the left end and the right end of a water pipe connecting part in the surface water circulation driving device are respectively connected with water pipe connectors of water tanks on the left side and the right side, and water flow in the sand tank main body is driven to flow from left to right by operating the centrifugal pump so as to simulate natural surface water flow.
Preferably, one end of a water pipe connecting part in the underground water pumping/recharging device is connected with three water pipe connectors of the lower water tank, the other end of the water pipe connecting part is connected with the water storage tank, the bidirectional peristaltic pump is operated, water in the lower water tank is pumped to the water storage tank in the forward rotation process, and water in the water storage tank is pumped to the lower water tank in the reverse rotation process.
Further, when the bidirectional peristaltic pump positively rotates to pump water in the lower water tank to the water storage tank, the condition of supplying surface water to underground water is realized; when the bidirectional peristaltic pump reversely pumps water in the water storage tank to the lower water tank, the condition that surface water is discharged to underground water is realized; when the bidirectional peristaltic pump does not operate, the condition that surface water and underground water have no supplement and discharge relation is realized.
Further, when the condition of supplying surface water to underground water is simulated, namely the bidirectional peristaltic pump positively rotates to pump water in the lower water tank to the water storage tank, the water storage tank is kept in an initial vacant state so as to be convenient for storing water; when the condition that surface water is drained to underground water is simulated, namely the bidirectional peristaltic pump reversely pumps water in the water storage tank to the lower water tank, the initial water filling state of the water storage tank is kept so as to be convenient for pumping water; and when the condition of no supplement and drainage relation between surface water and underground water is simulated, the water storage tank is vacant.
Furthermore, the water pipe connecting part is connected with the lower water tank through three water pipe joints, so that water flow in the lower water tank can uniformly flow into or out of the main sand box in the horizontal direction, and the surface water and underground water supply or drainage rate can be uniformly distributed along the way.
Furthermore, the bidirectional peristaltic pump realizes quantitative change of the surface water and underground water supply/drainage rate by setting different powers.
Preferably, the external water extraction/recharge device is used for ensuring the balance of water in the sand tank main body, and when surface water supplies underground water, namely a bidirectional peristaltic pump positively rotates to extract water in a lower water tank to a water storage tank, a water supply valve is opened to supply equal amount of water; when surface water drains groundwater, namely the bidirectional peristaltic pump reversely pumps water in the water storage tank to the lower water tank, the water supply valve is closed, the unidirectional peristaltic pump is started to pump water in the main sand box with equal quantity, and water quantity balance is guaranteed.
Preferably, the water inlet of the sand tank main body is positioned at the upper left end of the sand box, the water inlet valve is opened for water inlet, the water inlet valve is closed after the experiment is started, and the centrifugal pump is opened to drive water flow circulation.
Preferably, the water outlet of the sand tank main body is positioned at the lower left of the lower water tank and is controlled by a water outlet valve.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
all three supplement and discharge relations between surface water and underground water can be simulated, namely: surface water is supplied to underground water, the surface water is discharged to the underground water, and the surface water and the underground water have no supply and discharge relationship; different supplement and discharge conditions are switched by the bidirectional peristaltic pump, so that the operation is simple, convenient and easy; the supply or discharge rate between surface water and the groundwater can be controlled quantitatively by adjusting the power of the peristaltic pump, the requirements of various different experimental scenes are met, the method is economical and practical, has important significance on subsurface flow exchange research under the drive of sand dunes, and provides a good idea for setting a subsurface flow exchange physical model.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of an experimental apparatus for subsurface flow exchange research, which is provided by an embodiment of the present invention and can change the relationship between surface water and groundwater drainage.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of the embodiment shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the embodiment shown in fig. 1.
The meaning of the reference symbols in the figures: 1. a main sand box; 2. water tanks on the left and right sides; 3. a lower water tank; 4. a water storage tank; 5. a water pipe connection part; 6. a centrifugal pump; 7. a bi-directional peristaltic pump; 8. a one-way peristaltic pump; 9. a water supply valve; 10. a weep hole; 11. a water inlet valve; 12. and a water outlet valve.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, an experimental apparatus for subsurface flow exchange research capable of changing the relationship between surface water and groundwater drainage comprises a sand tank main body, a surface water circulation driving device, a groundwater pumping/recharging device and an external water pumping/recharging device for keeping the water quantity in the device balanced; the sand tank main body comprises a main sand box 1 positioned in the middle, water tanks 2 positioned on the left side and the right side, and a water tank 3 positioned on the lower part; the surface water circulation driving device consists of a water pipe connecting part 5 and a centrifugal pump 6; the underground water pumping/recharging device consists of a water pipe connecting part 5, a bidirectional peristaltic pump 7 and a water storage tank 4 which are positioned at the lower part of the device; the external water quantity extraction/recharge device consists of a water pipe connecting part 5 positioned at the upper part of the device, a one-way peristaltic pump 8 and a water supply valve 9. The main sand box 1, the left and right water tanks 2, the lower water tank 3 and the water storage tank 4 are all made of visual organic glass plates and are in cuboid shapes;
referring to fig. 2 and 3, the upper part of the organic glass partition plate between the main sand box 1 and the left and right water tanks 2 is provided with uniformly distributed leakage holes 10, so that surface water can flow through the main sand box 1 from the left water tank 2 and enter the right water tank 2; the organic glass partition plate between the main sand box 1 and the lower water tank 3 is provided with leakage holes 10 which are uniformly distributed, so that surface water in the main sand box 1 and underground water in the lower water tank 3 can be replenished or drained. A layer of gauze is laid on the organic glass partition plate with the leakage holes 10 to prevent the quartz sand from leaking through the leakage holes 10.
The invention can simulate all three supplement and discharge relations between surface water and underground water, can meet the requirements of various different experimental scenes by quantitatively controlling the supplement or discharge rate between the surface water and the underground water, has simple operation and economy, and briefly introduces the places related to manual operation in the subsurface flow exchange experimental device capable of changing the supplement and discharge relations between the surface water and the underground water:
(1) according to the experimental requirement, the quartz sand for experiment with a certain depth is arranged in the main sand box 1 and is used for simulating a natural riverbed;
(2) the water outlet valve 12 is blocked, the water inlet valve 11 is opened to supply water, and the water inlet valve 11 is closed after the lower water tank 3 is filled with water and the water amount of the main sand box 1 and the left and right water tanks 2 reaches the experimental requirement;
(3) determining different surface water and underground water replenishing and draining relations according to experimental requirements;
(4) when the condition of replenishing groundwater by surface water is simulated, the replenishing speed is determined according to experimental needs, the starting power of the bidirectional peristaltic pump 7 is calculated, and the initial vacant state of the water storage tank 4 is kept so as to facilitate subsequent water storage. The centrifugal pump 6 is started to drive water flow in the sand tank main body to flow from left to right, and meanwhile, the bidirectional peristaltic pump 7 is started with proper power to rotate positively to pump water flow in the lower water tank 3 to the water storage tank 4. In order to ensure the water balance in the device, the water supply valve 9 is opened to supplement equal amount of water.
(5) When the condition that surface water drains underground water is simulated, the drainage rate is determined according to experimental needs, the starting power of the bidirectional peristaltic pump 7 is calculated, and the water storage tank 4 is kept in an initial full state to facilitate subsequent water pumping. The centrifugal pump 6 is started to drive water flow in the sand tank main body to flow from left to right, and the bidirectional peristaltic pump 7 is started with proper power to reversely pump water flow in the water storage tank 4 to the lower water tank 3. In order to ensure the water balance in the device, the water supply valve 9 is closed, the one-way peristaltic pump 8 is started, and the equal amount of water in the main sand box 1 is pumped.
(6) When the relation that surface water and underground water are not supplemented and drained is simulated, the centrifugal pump 6 is started to drive water flow in the sand tank body to flow from left to right, and the bidirectional peristaltic pump 7 and the unidirectional peristaltic pump 8 are closed at the same time.
(7) After the experiment is completed, all the water pumps are closed, and the water outlet valve 12 is opened to drain water.
In conclusion, the device and the method can simulate all three supplement and discharge relations between surface water and underground water, can meet the requirements of various different experimental scenes by quantitatively controlling the supplement or discharge rate between the surface water and the underground water, are simple to operate, economical and practical, have important significance on the research of subsurface flow exchange driven by sand dunes, and provide a good idea for the setting of a subsurface flow exchange physical model.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (14)
1. A subsurface flow exchange research experimental device capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and draining is characterized by comprising a sand tank main body, a surface water circulating driving device, an underground water pumping/recharging device and an external water pumping/recharging device for keeping the water quantity in the device balanced; the sand tank main body comprises a main sand box (1) positioned in the middle, water tanks (2) positioned on the left side and the right side and a water tank (3) positioned on the lower part; the surface water circulation driving device consists of a water pipe connecting part (5) and a centrifugal pump (6); the underground water pumping/recharging device consists of a water pipe connecting part (5) positioned at the lower part of the device, a bidirectional peristaltic pump (7) and a water storage tank (4); the external water quantity extraction/recharge device consists of a water pipe connecting part (5) positioned at the upper part of the device, a one-way peristaltic pump (8) and a water supply valve (9).
2. The experimental device for the subsurface flow exchange research capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and draining as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main sand box (1), the left and right side water tanks (2), the lower water tank (3) and the water storage tank (4) are all made of visual organic glass plates and are all cuboid in shape.
3. The experimental device for researching the subsurface flow exchange capable of changing the relationship between the surface water and the underground water replenishing and draining as claimed in claim 2, wherein the main sand box (1) is filled with experimental quartz sand with a certain depth for simulating a natural river bed; the left and right side water tanks (2) respectively simulate surface water of upstream and downstream of a river; the lower water tank (3) is used for simulating underground water; the water storage tank (4) is used for storing pumping/recharging water.
4. The experimental device for the subsurface flow exchange research capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and draining is characterized in that the upper part of the organic glass partition plate between the main sand box (1) and the left and right water tanks (2) is provided with uniformly distributed leakage holes (10), so that the surface water can flow from the left water tank (2) through the main sand box (1) and enter the right water tank (2); the organic glass partition plate between the main sand box (1) and the lower water tank (3) is provided with leakage holes (10) which are uniformly distributed, so that surface water in the main sand box (1) and underground water in the lower water tank (3) can be replenished or drained.
5. The experimental device for research and study on subsurface flow exchange capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and draining is characterized in that a layer of gauze is laid on the organic glass partition plate between the main sand box (1) and the left and right water tanks (2) and the organic glass partition plate between the main sand box (1) and the lower water tank (3) to prevent the quartz sand from leaking through the leakage holes (10).
6. The experimental device for the subsurface flow exchange research capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and draining as claimed in claim 5, wherein the lower parts of the left and right water tanks (2) are respectively provided with a pipeline interface for being externally connected with a water pipe connecting part of a surface water circulating driving device; the lower part of the lower water tank (3) is provided with three pipeline interfaces for connecting with a water pipe connecting part of an underground water pumping/recharging device.
7. The experimental device for the subsurface flow exchange research capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and discharging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the left and right ends of the water pipe connection part (5) in the surface water circulation driving device are respectively connected with the water pipe connectors of the left and right water tanks (2), and the centrifugal pump (6) is operated to drive the water flow in the sand tank main body to flow from left to right, so as to simulate the natural surface water flow.
8. The experimental device for research and study on subsurface flow exchange capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and draining is characterized in that one end of a water pipe connecting part (5) in the underground water pumping/recharging device is connected with three water pipe connectors of a lower water tank (3), one end of the water pipe connecting part is connected with a water storage tank (4), a bidirectional peristaltic pump (7) is operated, water in the lower water tank (3) is pumped to the water storage tank (4) in forward rotation, and water in the water storage tank (4) is pumped to the lower water tank (3) in reverse rotation.
9. The subsurface flow exchange research experimental device capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and discharging is characterized in that the surface water replenishing and underground water replenishing condition is realized when the bidirectional peristaltic pump (7) positively rotates to pump water in the lower water tank (3) to the water storage tank (4); when the bidirectional peristaltic pump (7) reversely pumps water in the water storage tank (4) to the lower water tank (3), the condition that surface water is discharged to underground water is realized; when the bidirectional peristaltic pump (7) does not operate, the condition that surface water and underground water have no supplement and discharge relation is realized.
10. The experimental device for the subsurface flow exchange research capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and discharging of claim 9 is characterized in that when the condition of replenishing the underground water by the surface water is simulated, namely when the bidirectional peristaltic pump (7) rotates positively to pump the water in the lower water tank (3) to the water storage tank (4), the water storage tank (4) is kept in an initial vacant state so as to be convenient for storing water; when the condition that surface water is drained to underground water is simulated, namely the bidirectional peristaltic pump (7) reversely pumps water in the water storage tank (4) to the lower water tank (3), the initial water filling state of the water storage tank (4) is kept to facilitate water pumping; when the condition of no supplement and drainage relation between surface water and underground water is simulated, the water storage tank (4) is vacant.
11. The experimental device for researching subsurface flow exchange of changeable relationship between surface water and underground water according to claim 8, wherein the water pipe connection part (5) is connected with the lower water tank (3) through three water pipe joints, so that the water flow in the lower water tank (3) can uniformly flow into or out of the main sand box (1) in the horizontal direction, and the surface water and underground water supply or discharge rate is uniformly distributed along the way.
12. The experimental device for the subsurface flow exchange research of the modifiable surface water and underground water replenishing and draining relation according to claim 8, wherein the bidirectional peristaltic pump (7) is used for quantitatively changing the surface water and underground water replenishing/draining rate by setting different powers.
13. The experimental device for the subsurface flow exchange research capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and discharging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the external water pumping/recharging device is used for ensuring the balance of water in the sand tank body, and when the surface water is replenished with the underground water, namely the underground water is pumped by the bidirectional peristaltic pump (7) in the forward rotation mode to flow from the lower water tank (3) to the water storage tank (4), the water supply valve (9) is opened to replenish water with equal amount; when surface water drains underground water, namely when the bidirectional peristaltic pump (7) reversely pumps water in the water storage tank (4) to the lower water tank (3), the water supply valve (9) is closed, the unidirectional peristaltic pump (8) is started to pump equal amount of water in the main sand box (1) to ensure water balance.
14. The experimental device for the subsurface flow exchange research capable of changing the relationship between surface water and underground water replenishing and draining is characterized in that a water inlet of the sand tank main body is positioned at the upper end of the left side of the sand box (2), a water inlet valve (11) is opened for water inlet, the water inlet valve (11) is closed after the experiment is started, and a centrifugal pump (6) is opened to drive water flow to circulate; the water outlet of the sand tank main body is positioned at the left lower part of the lower water tank (3) and is controlled by a water outlet valve (12).
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| CN106053763A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-10-26 | 河海大学 | Experimental apparatus and method for hyporheic zone under field riverbed evolution |
| CN106370803A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 河海大学 | Indoor phreatic zone local ground water generation circulating system and operation method |
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