CN103594020B - A kind of device and method detecting karst Slope-Runoff position - Google Patents
A kind of device and method detecting karst Slope-Runoff position Download PDFInfo
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- CN103594020B CN103594020B CN201310544156.1A CN201310544156A CN103594020B CN 103594020 B CN103594020 B CN 103594020B CN 201310544156 A CN201310544156 A CN 201310544156A CN 103594020 B CN103594020 B CN 103594020B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of device and method detecting karst Slope-Runoff position.Inside is filled spun yarn net, pvc pipe two ends that tube wall is drilled with inlet opening are nested in threeway, standpipe and the pipe cap of one end sealing are inserted in threeway two ends, insert upper end and be deep into standpipe lower end with the aqueduct of pipe close in pipe cap.On the basis of domatic reconnaissance, according to position, slope and heterogeneous microhabitat type in earth's surface embedded device; After every rainfall, check runoff yield situation, collect water sample, measure basic hydrochemical index; In the water year of comprehensive analysis, the spatial and temporal distributions of domatic each point runoff yield probability and hydrochemical index, finally completes the judgement to Slope-Runoff position.The present invention makes simply, it is little to drop into, it is convenient to install, solve traditional research method the soil such as karst by discontinuous area detect Slope-Runoff position the difficult point that runs into, technological means can be provided for aspects such as the Appropriate application of such regional limited water resources, Land_use change rational deployment, revegetation strategies.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the hydrology, ecology, the soil erosion and water and soil conservation field, more specifically relate to a kind of device detecting karst Slope-Runoff position, also relate to a kind of method detecting karst Slope-Runoff position simultaneously, be suitable for imparting knowledge to students, scientific research and environmental administration carry out the defeated system measurement that moves of hill-slope hydrological process, moisture and nutrient under nature and man's activity and research.
Background technology
Underground, earth's surface, karst binary space structure is grown, and soil is discontinuous, and earth's surface heterogeneity is extremely strong.The heterogeneity of the domatic this domatic physique of karst will inevitably cause the complicacy of domatic hydrologic process, and domatic hydrologic process, except traditional rainwash, interflow, run in depth, also exists Epi-karst runoff.
On slope scale, accurately judge that Slope-Runoff position is the basis of carrying out many-sided work.First, judge that Slope-Runoff position is the prerequisite dividing runoff component, analyze Slope-Runoff mechanism; Secondly, the determination of Slope-Runoff position, can instruct the monitoring location of field hydraulics model test; 3rd, in social production is put into practice, accurately judge that Slope-Runoff position can provide scientific basis as the Appropriate application of domatic water resource, Land_use change rational deployment, water and soil conservation and Ides On Prevention And Control of Regional Pollution engineering are rationally layouted etc.
At soil by the region of continuous distribution, as northern black earth, loess area, and South Red Soil Region, judge that the method for Slope-Runoff position is relatively simple, usually according to beginning boundary conditions such as characteristics of rainfall, soil hydraulic properties, topography and geomorphology indexs, just can be judged more exactly by district observation or modeling.But karst shows unique soil by the extremely strong heterogeneity of uncontinuity and above and below ground structure, is applicable to soil by continuum for judging that the method for Slope-Runoff position obviously can not be indiscriminately imitated in this region.Therefore, need badly and propose to be suitable for this soil in similar karst by the new method of discontinuous and heterogeneous obvious Slope-Runoff position differentiation, provide technological means to the aspect such as Appropriate application, Land_use change rational deployment, revegetation strategy for this area's limited water resources.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to there are provided a kind of device detecting karst Slope-Runoff position; make simple, drop into little, install convenient; judging position whether while runoff yield; protectiveness storage can be carried out to runoff yield water sample; this device has higher hydrology recognition resolution simultaneously; qualitative analysis can be carried out to the runoff process of the heterogeneous microhabitat of small scale and runoff mechanism, solve the problem that in high heterogeneous regional domatic hydrologic research process, general discrimination is not high.
Another object of the present invention there are provided a kind of method detecting karst Slope-Runoff position, easy to implement the method, easy and simple to handle, solve traditional research method the soil such as similar karst by discontinuous area detect Slope-Runoff position the technological difficulties that run into, technological means can be provided for aspects such as the Appropriate application of such regional limited water resources, Land_use change rational deployment, revegetation strategies.
For achieving the above object, this invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of device detecting karst Slope-Runoff position, it comprises pvc pipe (DN25), the first threeway (DN25), the second threeway (DN25) (transverse end is supervisor, and vertical end is arm), the first standpipe, the second standpipe, the first pipe cap (with holes), the second pipe cap (with holes), the first aqueduct, the second aqueduct, the first pipe close, the second pipe close, spun yarn net.Its annexation is: be all nested into respectively in a DN25 threeway (vertical end is arm) arm, in the 2nd DN25 threeway (vertical end is arm) arm at pvc pipe (DN25) two ends of an inner filling spun yarn net, long 25cm, ensure the first threeway (DN25), the second threeway (DN25) (transverse end for supervisor, vertical end is arm) is responsible for parallel; First threeway (DN25), the second threeway (DN25) are responsible for two ends and are inserted in the first standpipe, the second standpipe and the first pipe cap (with holes), the second pipe cap (with holes) respectively, first standpipe, the second standpipe other end sealing, the first aqueduct, the second aqueduct with its same apertures is inserted in first pipe cap (with holes), the second pipe cap (with holes) hole, first aqueduct, the second aqueduct insertion end mouth of pipe are deep into the first standpipe, the second standpipe lower end, and the first aqueduct, the second aqueduct exposed junction mouth of pipe fill in the first pipe close, the second pipe close.First standpipe, the second standpipe sealed end are put on surface level, hole in the circumference quadrant region of pvc pipe (DN25) pipe shaft, be convenient to enter through flowing water, the coboundary in quadrant region is the intersecting lens of vertical plane through pvc pipe (DN25) center line and pvc pipe (DN25), and lower boundary is the intersecting lens of surface level through pvc pipe (DN25) center line and pvc pipe (DN25); Spun yarn net is filled, in case silt enters blocking pipe in pvc pipe (DN25) inside; The effect of the first pipe close, the second pipe close is, the protection mouth of pipe cleans on the one hand, is convenient to the runoff yield water collected in extracting first standpipe, the second standpipe on the one hand.
Detect a method for karst Slope-Runoff position, the steps include:
1, domatic reconnaissance.Before embedded device, first choose two typical line-transects (line-transect moves towards vertical level line) of domatic upper almost symmetry, be divided into the positions, slope such as Po Ding, slope shoulder, back slope, toe, depression, then carry out on-the-spot reconnaissance.Following two principles are followed in reconnaissance: first, according to the length of grade of position, each slope, will be defined as mounting points by equidistant node along slope, and due to the heterogeneity that karst is extremely strong, karst advises that along slope setting space be 10 to 15m peak cluster depression; On this basis, substantially including the typical foreign microhabitat types such as native face, naked rock, stone cistern, crack of stone by increasing mounting points selected by mounting points quantitative commitments, under finally making each microhabitat type, selecting there are 10 ~ 30 points.Each location point arranges that three devices are as repetition, record the geographical location information such as each point longitude and latitude, height above sea level, gradient slope aspect, naked laccolith degree, vegetation coverage, gravel coverage, soil thickness, soil layering, quality simultaneously, and each reconnaissance is numbered.
2, embedded device.Overland flow pick-up unit is buried in each site determined above underground: in order to avoid burying the disturbance of process to the soil body underground, the native hole suitable with standpipe diameter is drilled through with earth boring auger, then standpipe being responsible for lower end puts into wherein, the porose tube wall of device is towards upward slope, and ensure that pvc pipe (DN25) placement direction is parallel with level line, constantly adjust native hole depth simultaneously, till pvc pipe (DN25) is close to native face, last jam-pack pipe close, and hang up on each embedded device and be composed of the number plate corresponding with this location point.
3, water sample is collected.In natural precipitation process, if any Slope-Runoff, the pvc pipe with holes (DN25) be each placed laterally is accepted by the upward slope water under along slope, and current, by after spun yarn net filtration, laterally flow into standpipe along pvc pipe (DN25).After one rainfall event in two hours, runoff yield water is collected in turn from bottom to top or from the top down along slope, concrete operations are: open pipe close, insert the extracting of the aqueduct exposed junction mouth of pipe with syringe and store moisture, whether check in standpipe containing water, if any runoff yield, then measurement volumes gather water sample, carries out record by runoff yield situation and water sample numbering.Collect the rainwater sample of this play rainfall simultaneously.
4, hydrochemical index is measured.Gather the hydrochemical index of water sample and rainwater sample at indoor measurement with conventional ion concentration, EC, pH, T, DO adopt portable multifunctional water quality monitor to measure; HCO
-3, Cl
-, Ca
2+, Mg
2+with titration measuring; NO
-3and SO
2 -4measure with TU-1810 ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer; K
+and Na
+with aas determination, (generally, often group removes K
+, Na
+outside all ions all measured in 8h); Hydrogen-oxygen Isotope content in water sample adopts aqueous water isotope analysis instrument to measure, and sample isotope value is calculated by following formula:
δD(δ
18O)‰=(R
sample／R
standard–1)×1000
Wherein, δ D and δ
18o is respectively hydrogen and the oxygen isotope value of counter sample, R
sampleand R
standardbe respectively the heavy and light isotopic abundance of element in sample and general international standard thing ratio (as
18o/
16o).The test error of δ D value is no more than 1 ‰, δ
18the test error of O value is no more than 0.2 ‰.
5, Slope-Runoff position judgment.Collect the Rainfall-runoff observational data of at least one year, according to rainfall intensity, runoff yield data are classified, generally be divided into large, medium and small intensity rainfall three types, its respectively the total rainfall amount >120 of corresponding 24h, 60 ~ 120, the rainfall of <60mm.First, the runoff yield information collected is carried out gathering and computer data inputting according to position, slope and heterogeneous microhabitat type, use mathematical statistics software to carry out statistical study to the situation of collecting of the runoff water in each reconnaissance on this basis, draw the runoff yield probability (P=runoff yield number of times/total monitoring rainfall play × 100) of position, a certain slope or heterogeneous microhabitat.Secondly, in conjunction with the hydrochemical index analysis of indoor water sample, the mean value of each hydrochemical index of position, a certain slope or heterogeneous microhabitat is drawn.3rd, the information such as the runoff yield probability of point scale and hydrochemical index are put into whole experiment slope scale compare, by analyzing the fractionation mode spatially such as runoff yield probability and hydrochemical index, in conjunction with rainwater hydrochemical index, and then tentatively draw domatic super generation position of oozing the Slope-Runoff type such as rainwash, saturated rainwash, directly runoff, interflow, recurrence stream; Simultaneously, the information features over time such as the runoff yield probability of analysis site yardstick and hydrochemical index, in conjunction with rainfall intensity, last, the analysis of the index such as rainfall amount, show that the upper runoff process of certain point domatic is to the response pattern of rainfall, and then Slope-Runoff position feature over time can be obtained.On the basis determining Slope-Runoff position spatial and temporal variation above, comprehensive this area meteorological model data over the years, can provide scientific basis for the Appropriate application of domatic water resource, Land_use change rational deployment, erosion and torrent control works are rationally layouted etc.
The present invention has the following advantages and effect:
1, the present invention is while qualitative judgement Slope-Runoff position, the runoff yield water sample of collection can also be carried out the quantitative test of basic water chemistry property in indoor;
2, the present invention has good sealing, tube wall is smooth, fluid sticks loss is few, syringe extracting is adopted to detect with timer, threeway water outlet pipe part before extracting is in closed state, even if after rainfall, evaporation also can not have influence on the hydrotrope concentration of runoff yield water, thus greatly reduces the data error of field physical test collected specimens;
3, package unit inter-module adopts adhesive bonding, make and assembling process simple and quick, and light portable, within a short period of time can complete the laying to whole basin perimeter;
4, pick-up unit adopts pvc pipe, and strengths in tension and compression is large, corrosion resistance is strong and the anti-advantage such as to gnaw, can intensive laying in various heterogeneous microhabitat, and being applicable to field fixed point long-time continuous monitors;
5, equipment adopts minor diameter PVC, and Min. can reduce the destruction of burial equipment to the soil body and soil texture, warranty test real result is reliable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of device schematic diagram detecting karst Slope-Runoff position;
Fig. 2 is a kind of device sectional view detecting karst Slope-Runoff position.
Wherein: pvc pipe (DN25) 1, first threeway (DN25) 2A, the second threeway (DN25) 2B, the first standpipe 3A, the second standpipe 3B, the first pipe cap (with holes) 4A, the second pipe cap (with holes) 4B, the first aqueduct 5A, the second aqueduct 5B, the first pipe close 6A, the second pipe close 6B, spun yarn net 7.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, principle of work of the present invention is described further:
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of device detecting karst Slope-Runoff position, it comprise pvc pipe (DN25) 1, first threeway (DN25) 2A, the second threeway (DN25) 2B(transverse end for supervisor, vertical end is arm), the first standpipe 3A, the second standpipe 3B, the first pipe cap (with holes) 4A, the second pipe cap (with holes) 4B, the first aqueduct 5A, the second aqueduct 5B, the first pipe close 6A, the second pipe close 6B, spun yarn net 7.Principle of work of the present invention is: when Surface Runoff, current can pass through boring on pvc pipe (DN25) 1 wall and enter in pipe, then to both sides shunting, flow into the first threeway (DN25) 2A, the second threeway (DN25) 2B and be responsible for, and then be stored in the first standpipe 3A, the second standpipe 3B.
Its annexation is: inner fill spun yarn net 7 by one, pvc pipe (DN25) 1 two ends of long 25cm are nested in the first threeway (DN25) (vertical end is arm) 2A arm, in the second threeway (DN25) (vertical end is arm) 2B arm respectively, ensures that the first threeway (transverse end is supervisor) 2A, the second threeway (transverse end is supervisor) 2B supervisor are parallel, first threeway (DN25) 2A, second threeway (DN25) 2B is responsible for two ends and is inserted in the first standpipe 3A respectively, second standpipe 3B and the first pipe cap (with holes) 4A, second pipe cap (with holes) 4B, first standpipe 3A, second standpipe 3B other end sealing, first pipe cap (with holes) 4A, the first aqueduct 5A with its same apertures is inserted in second pipe cap (with holes) 4B hole, second aqueduct 5B, first aqueduct 5A, the second aqueduct 5B insertion end mouth of pipe is deep into the first standpipe 3A, second standpipe 3B lower end, first aqueduct 5A, the second aqueduct 5B exposed junction mouth of pipe fills in the first pipe close 6A, second pipe close 6B.First standpipe 3A, the second standpipe 3B sealed end are put on surface level, hole in the circumference quadrant region of pvc pipe (DN25) 1 pipe shaft, be convenient to enter through flowing water, the coboundary in quadrant region is the intersecting lens of vertical plane through pvc pipe (DN25) 1 center line and pvc pipe (DN25) 1, and lower boundary is the intersecting lens of surface level through pvc pipe (DN25) 1 center line and pvc pipe (DN25) 1; Spun yarn net 7 is filled, in case silt enters blocking pipe in pvc pipe (DN25) 1 inside; The effect of the first pipe close 6A, the second pipe close 6B is, the protection mouth of pipe cleans on the one hand, is convenient to the runoff yield water collected in extracting first standpipe 3A, the second standpipe 3B on the one hand.
Embodiment 2:
Detect a method for karst Slope-Runoff position, the steps include:
1, domatic reconnaissance.Before embedded device, first choose two typical line-transects (line-transect moves towards vertical level line) of domatic upper almost symmetry, be divided into the positions, slope such as Po Ding, slope shoulder, back slope, toe, depression, then carry out on-the-spot reconnaissance.Following two principles are followed in reconnaissance: first, according to the length of grade of position, each slope, will be defined as mounting points by equidistant node along slope, and due to the heterogeneity that karst is extremely strong, karst advises that along slope setting space be 10 to 15m peak cluster depression; On this basis, substantially including the typical foreign microhabitat types such as native face, naked rock, stone cistern, crack of stone by increasing mounting points selected by mounting points quantitative commitments, under finally making each microhabitat type, selecting there are 10 ~ 30 points.Each location point arranges that three devices are as repetition, record simultaneously each point longitude and latitude, height above sea level, the geographical location information such as gradient slope aspect, naked laccolith degree, vegetation coverage, gravel coverage, soil thickness, soil layering, quality, and each reconnaissance to be numbered.
2, embedded device.Overland flow pick-up unit is buried in each site determined above underground: in order to avoid burying the disturbance of process to the soil body underground, drill through and the first standpipe 3A with earth boring auger, the native hole that second standpipe 3B diameter is suitable, then by the first standpipe 3A, second standpipe 3B is responsible for lower end and puts into wherein, the porose tube wall of device is towards upward slope, and ensure that pvc pipe (DN25) 1 placement direction is parallel with level line, constantly adjust native hole depth simultaneously, till pvc pipe (DN25) 1 is close to native face, last jam-pack first pipe close 6A, second pipe close 6B, and hang up on each embedded device and be composed of the number plate corresponding with this location point.
3, water sample is collected.In natural precipitation process, if any Slope-Runoff, the pvc pipe with holes (DN25) 1 be each placed laterally is accepted by the upward slope water under along slope, and current laterally flow into the first standpipe 3A, the second standpipe 3B along pvc pipe (DN25) 1 after being filtered by spun yarn net 7.After one rainfall event in two hours, runoff yield water is collected in turn from bottom to top or from the top down along slope, concrete operations are: open the first pipe close 6A, the second pipe close 6B, the first aqueduct 5A, the second aqueduct 5B exposed junction mouth of pipe extracting storage moisture is inserted with syringe, whether check in the first standpipe 3A, the second standpipe 3B containing water, if any runoff yield, then measurement volumes gather water sample, carries out record by runoff yield situation and water sample numbering.Collect the rainwater sample of this play rainfall simultaneously.
4, hydrochemical index is measured.Gather the hydrochemical index of water sample and rainwater sample at indoor measurement with conventional ion concentration, EC, pH, T, DO adopt portable multifunctional water quality monitor to measure; HCO
-3, Cl
-, Ca
2+, Mg
2+with titration measuring; NO
-3and SO
2 -4measure with TU-1810 ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer; K
+and Na
+with aas determination, (generally, often group removes K
+, Na
+outside all ions all measured in 8h); Hydrogen-oxygen Isotope content in water sample adopts aqueous water isotope analysis instrument to measure, and sample isotope value is calculated by following formula:
δD(δ
18O)‰=(R
sample／R
standard–1)×1000
Wherein, δ D and δ
18o is respectively hydrogen and the oxygen isotope value of counter sample, R
sampleand R
standardbe respectively the heavy and light isotopic abundance of element in sample and general international standard thing ratio (as
18o/
16o).The test error of δ D value is no more than 1 ‰, δ
18the test error of O value is no more than 0.2 ‰.
5, Slope-Runoff position judgment.Collect the Rainfall-runoff observational data of at least one year, according to rainfall intensity, runoff yield data are classified, generally be divided into large, medium and small intensity rainfall three types, its respectively the total rainfall amount >120 of corresponding 24h, 60 ~ 120, the rainfall of <60mm.First, the runoff yield information collected is carried out gathering and computer data inputting according to position, slope and heterogeneous microhabitat type, use mathematical statistics software to carry out statistical study to the situation of collecting of the runoff water in each reconnaissance on this basis, draw the runoff yield probability (P=runoff yield number of times/total monitoring rainfall play × 100) of position, a certain slope or heterogeneous microhabitat.Secondly, in conjunction with the hydrochemical index analysis of indoor water sample, the mean value of each hydrochemical index of position, a certain slope or heterogeneous microhabitat is drawn.3rd, the information such as the runoff yield probability of point scale and hydrochemical index are put into whole experiment slope scale compare, by analyzing the fractionation mode spatially such as runoff yield probability and hydrochemical index, in conjunction with rainwater hydrochemical index, and then tentatively draw domatic super generation position of oozing the Slope-Runoff type such as rainwash, saturated rainwash, directly runoff, interflow, recurrence stream; Simultaneously, the information features over time such as the runoff yield probability of analysis site yardstick and hydrochemical index, in conjunction with rainfall intensity, last, the analysis of the index such as rainfall amount, show that the upper runoff process of certain point domatic is to the response pattern of rainfall, and then Slope-Runoff position feature over time can be obtained.On the basis determining Slope-Runoff position spatial and temporal variation above, comprehensive this area meteorological model data over the years, can provide scientific basis (table 1) for the Appropriate application of domatic water resource, Land_use change rational deployment, erosion and torrent control works are rationally layouted etc.
Table 1
Claims (3)
1. one kind is detected the device of karst Slope-Runoff position, it comprises pvc pipe (1), the first threeway (2A), the first standpipe (3A), the first pipe cap (4A), the first aqueduct (5A), the first pipe close (6A), the second pipe close 6B, spun yarn net 7, it is characterized in that: be nested in the first threeway (2A) arm, the second threeway (2B) arm respectively by pvc pipe (1) two ends of inner filling spun yarn net (7), long 25cm, the first threeway (2A), the second threeway (2B) are responsible for parallel, first threeway (2A), second threeway (2B) is responsible for two ends and is inserted in the first standpipe (3A) respectively, second standpipe (3B) and the first pipe cap (4A), second pipe cap (4B), first standpipe (3A), second standpipe (3B) other end seals, first pipe cap (4A), the first aqueduct (5A) with its same apertures is inserted in second pipe cap (4B) hole, second aqueduct (5B), first aqueduct (5A), second aqueduct (5B) the insertion end mouth of pipe is deep into the first standpipe (3A), second standpipe (3B) lower end, first aqueduct (5A), second aqueduct (5B) the exposed junction mouth of pipe fills in the first pipe close (6A), second pipe close (6B).
2. a kind of device detecting karst Slope-Runoff position according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described the first standpipe (3A), the second standpipe (3B) sealed end are put on surface level, hole in the circumference quadrant region of pvc pipe (1) pipe shaft, the coboundary in quadrant region is the intersecting lens of vertical plane through pvc pipe (1) center line and pvc pipe (1), the surface level of lower boundary through pvc pipe (1) center line and the intersecting lens of pvc pipe (1).
3. detect a method for karst Slope-Runoff position, the steps include:
A, domatic reconnaissance: before embedded device, first choose two typical line-transects of domatic upper symmetry, be divided into Po Ding, slope shoulder, back slope, toe, position, slope, depression, then on-the-spot reconnaissance is carried out: first, according to the length of grade of position, each slope, to be defined as mounting points along slope spacing node, due to the heterogeneity of karst, karst is 10 to 15m along slope setting space peak cluster depression; Increase mounting points selected by mounting points quantitative commitments and substantially include native face, naked rock, stone cistern, crack of stone four kinds of typical foreign microhabitat types, select there are 10 ~ 30 points under finally making each microhabitat type, each location point arranges that three devices are as repetition, record each point longitude and latitude, height above sea level, gradient slope aspect, naked laccolith degree, vegetation coverage, gravel coverage, soil thickness, soil layering, quality geographical location information simultaneously, each reconnaissance is numbered;
B, embedded device: bury overland flow pick-up unit underground on each site determined above, drill through and the first standpipe (3A) with earth boring auger, the native hole that second standpipe (3B) diameter is suitable, by the first standpipe (3A), second standpipe (3B) is responsible for lower end and is put into wherein, the porose tube wall of device is towards upward slope, pvc pipe (1) placement direction is parallel with level line, constantly adjust native hole depth simultaneously, until pvc pipe (1) is close to native face, last jam-pack first pipe close (6A), second pipe close (6B), each embedded device hangs up and is composed of the number plate corresponding with this location point,
C, collect water sample: in natural precipitation process, the pvc pipe with holes (1) be each placed laterally is accepted by the upward slope water under along slope, after current are filtered by spun yarn net (7), laterally the first standpipe (3A) is flowed into along pvc pipe (1), second standpipe (3B), after one rainfall event in two hours, runoff yield water is collected in turn from bottom to top or from the top down along slope, be operating as: open the first pipe close (6A), second pipe close (6B), the first aqueduct (5A) is inserted with syringe, the extracting of second aqueduct (5B) the exposed junction mouth of pipe stores moisture, check the first standpipe (3A), runoff yield situation in second standpipe (3B), measurement volumes also gathers water sample, runoff yield and water sample numbering are carried out record, collect the rainwater sample of this play rainfall simultaneously,
D, mensuration hydrochemical index: gather the hydrochemical index of water sample and rainwater sample at indoor measurement with conventional ion concentration, EC, pH, water temperature T, DO adopt portable multifunctional water quality monitor to measure; HCO
3 -, Cl
-, Ca
2+, Mg
2+with titration measuring; NO
3 -and SO
4 2-measure with TU-1810 ultraviolet-visible pectrophotometer; K
+and Na
+with aas determination; Hydrogen-oxygen Isotope content in water sample adopts aqueous water isotope analysis instrument to measure, and sample isotope value is calculated by following formula:
δD(δ
18O)‰＝(R
sample/R
standard–1)×1000
Wherein, δ D and δ
18o is respectively hydrogen and the oxygen isotope value of counter sample, R
sampleand R
standardbe respectively the ratio of the heavy and light isotopic abundance of element in sample and general international standard thing, the test error of δ D value is no more than 1 ‰, δ
18the test error of O value is no more than 0.2 ‰;
F, Slope-Runoff position judgment: the Rainfall-runoff observational data collecting at least one year, according to rainfall intensity, runoff yield data are classified, be divided into large, in, little rainfall three types, it is the total rainfall amount >120 of corresponding 24h respectively, 60 ~ 120, the rainfall of <60mm, first, the runoff yield information collected is carried out gathering and computer data inputting according to position, slope and heterogeneous microhabitat type, mathematical statistics software is used to carry out statistical study to the situation of collecting of the runoff water in each reconnaissance, draw the runoff yield probability of position, a certain slope or heterogeneous microhabitat: P=runoff yield number of times/total monitoring rainfall play × 100, secondly, in conjunction with the hydrochemical index analysis of indoor water sample, the mean value of each hydrochemical index of a position, slope or heterogeneous microhabitat is drawn, 3rd, the runoff yield probability of point scale and hydrochemical index information are put into whole experiment slope scale compare, by analyzing runoff yield probability and hydrochemical index fractionation mode spatially, in conjunction with rainwater hydrochemical index, draw domatic super generation position of oozing rainwash, saturated rainwash, directly runoff, interflow, recurrence stream Slope-Runoff type, simultaneously, the runoff yield probability of analysis site yardstick and hydrochemical index information feature over time, in conjunction with rainfall intensity, last, the analysis of rainfall amount index, draw Slope-Runoff position feature over time, determine Slope-Runoff position spatial and temporal variation, according to this area's meteorological model data over the years, for domatic water resource Appropriate application, Land_use change rational deployment, erosion and torrent control works is rationally layouted provides scientific basis.
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| CN105137042B (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-04-12 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Method for determining construction position of water storage project on Karst slope |
| CN107478806A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-15 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of karst underground sediment monitoring and reception device |
| CN112362845B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-07-15 | 南昌工程学院 | Water and soil loss slope monitoring device for sand basin |
| CN112365137B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-03-29 | 贵州大学 | Method for measuring karst habitat level heterogeneity based on microbial environment types |
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Address after: Taoyuan County, Hunan province 415700 city of Changde Zhang Jiang Zhen Yu Fu Road No. 14 Patentee after: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences Address before: 410125 Changsha Province, Furong district, Hunan Yuanda Road No. two, No. 644 Patentee before: Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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