CN113245772A

CN113245772A - Automatic welding production line

Info

Publication number: CN113245772A
Application number: CN202110546030.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黎振龙; 徐望辉; 董春林; 郭春富; 余陈
Original assignee: China Uzbekistan Welding Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
Current assignee: China Uzbekistan Welding Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Sciences
Priority date: 2021-05-19
Filing date: 2021-05-19
Publication date: 2021-08-13
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-19
Also published as: CN113245772B

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic welding production line which comprises a base, a supporting piece arranged on the base, a driving chain wheel arranged on the base, a driven chain wheel arranged on the base, a chain sleeved on the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel, a driving motor connected with the driving chain wheel, a lifter arranged on the base, a rail seat, a portal frame arranged on the rail seat, a welding machine arranged on the portal frame and a laser positioning tracker, wherein the driving chain wheel is arranged on the base; the upper surface of the supporting piece is provided with a chain slot for the chain to shuttle, the chain slot penetrates through the supporting piece along the moving direction of the chain, the lifter is provided with a telescopic part for driving the chain to switch between a transportation position and a no-load position, and when the chain is at the transportation position, the chain is positioned outside the chain slot; when the chain is in the idle position, the chain is positioned in the chain groove, and the to-be-welded piece is positioned on the supporting piece. The side wall welding device can automatically weld the side wall of the open wagon, has high welding efficiency and welding quality, reduces the labor intensity of workers and welding cost, and belongs to the technical field of welding production.

Description

Automatic welding production line

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of welding production, in particular to an automatic welding production line.

Background

At present, the railway transportation truck open wagon in China is welded basically in a manual mode and combined with a small number of special mechanical welding machines, the automation degree is low, the welding efficiency and the welding quality of the railway transportation truck open wagon are mainly determined by the skills, the psychological state and the responsibility of a welder, and the welding efficiency and the welding quality are difficult to guarantee. The main embodiment is as follows: 1. the side wall welding needs a large number of welding operators, and the labor intensity is high; 2. the side wall welding is manually conducted, the welding process is poor in consistency, welding parameters are unstable, and the welding quality is difficult to guarantee; 3. the welding operation environment is poor, smoke and dust pollution is great in the welding process, and occupational health of welding personnel is harmed; 4. the conveying, positioning and fixing of the workpieces related to the side wall welding, the movement of the welding machine, the searching of the welding seam and the like are all completed manually, the randomness is high, and the consistency is poor. 5. The side walls to be welded are assembled by manual assembly, the size precision and consistency are poor, and the welding process needs to be adjusted manually to adapt to the actual state of a workpiece.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to: the invention provides an automatic welding production line, which can automatically weld the side wall of the open wagon, has high welding efficiency and welding quality, and reduces the labor intensity of workers and the welding cost.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an automatic welding production line comprises a base, a supporting piece arranged on the base, a driving chain wheel rotatably arranged on the base, a driven chain wheel rotatably arranged on the base, a chain sleeved on the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel and used for conveying a part to be welded, a driving motor with an output end connected with the driving chain wheel, a lifter arranged on the base, a rail seat, a portal frame arranged on the rail seat, a welding machine arranged on the portal frame and a laser positioning tracker arranged on the welding machine;

the upper surface of the support is provided with a chain slot for the chain to shuttle, the chain slot penetrates through the support along the moving direction of the chain, the lifter is provided with a telescopic part for driving the chain to switch between a transport position and an idle position, and when the chain is in the transport position, the chain is positioned outside the chain slot and drives a part to be welded to move; when the chain is in the no-load position, the chain is located in the chain groove, and the to-be-welded piece is located on the supporting piece.

Further, the supporting elements are multiple, the supporting elements are located between the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket and distributed at intervals along the moving direction of the chain, each supporting element is slidably mounted on the base, the sliding direction of each supporting element is the same as the moving direction of the chain, and the chain sequentially passes through the chain slot of each supporting element.

Further, the automatic welding production line also comprises a first linear driver for driving the gantry frame to slide on the rail seat along the moving direction of the chain; the first linear driver comprises a first rack fixed on the rail seat, a first motor arranged on the portal frame, a first speed reducer connected with an output shaft of the first motor, a first gear connected with an output shaft of the first speed reducer, and a first roller rotatably arranged on the portal frame; the first rack is horizontally arranged along the moving direction of the chain, the first gear is meshed with the first rack, and the first roller is installed on the rail seat in a rolling mode.

Further, the automatic welding production line also comprises a controller and a second linear driver arranged on the portal frame; the welding machine comprises a base arranged on the second linear driver, a manipulator arranged on the base, a welding gun arranged on the manipulator, a wire feeder arranged on the manipulator and connected with the welding gun, and a wire reel used for storing welding wires and connected with the wire feeder; the laser positioning tracker is installed on the welding gun, the wire reel is installed on the base, and the first motor, the laser positioning tracker, the manipulator, the welding gun all with controller electric connection.

Further, the second linear driver comprises a second rack fixed on the portal frame, a second motor installed on the base, a second speed reducer connected with an output shaft of the second motor, a second gear connected with an output shaft of the second speed reducer, and a second roller rotatably installed on the base; the second rack is meshed with the second gear, the second rack is horizontally arranged and is perpendicular to the first rack, and the second roller is installed on the portal frame in a rolling mode.

Further, the automatic welding production line also comprises a gun cleaning machine for cleaning the welding gun and a smoke dust processor arranged on the rail seat; the gun cleaning machine is installed on the rail seat, the smoke dust processor is provided with an absorbing piece for absorbing smoke dust, and the absorbing piece is installed on the welding gun.

Further, the automatic welding production line also comprises a guide rail arranged on the portal frame, a sliding seat arranged on the guide rail in a sliding way, a pressing cylinder arranged on the sliding seat, and a pressure head arranged on a telescopic rod of the pressing cylinder; and a locking piece is arranged on the sliding seat.

Further, a first limiting seat and a second limiting seat are arranged on the rail seat; the gantry slides between the buffer block on the first limiting seat and the buffer block on the second limiting seat;

the portal frame is provided with a first support and a second support, the first limiting seat is provided with a first contact switch, the second limiting seat is provided with a second contact switch, the first support is provided with a first contact element used for triggering the first contact switch, and the second support is provided with a second contact element used for triggering the second contact switch.

Further, the automatic welding production line also comprises a guide wheel arranged on the base and a positioning cylinder arranged on the supporting piece; the positioning cylinder and the guide wheel are respectively arranged at two sides of the moving direction of the chain, and a workpiece to be welded is clamped between the guide wheel and a telescopic rod of the positioning cylinder;

the guide wheels are distributed at intervals along the moving direction of the chain.

Furthermore, the automatic welding production line also comprises a limiting cylinder arranged on the base and an induction sensor arranged on the base and used for detecting a workpiece to be welded; the induction sensor and the limiting cylinder are both positioned at the downstream of the moving direction of the chain, and the telescopic rod of the limiting cylinder is positioned on the moving path of the workpiece to be welded on the chain.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the chain can be used for conveying the side wall to be welded, the chain descends after the side wall to be welded reaches the designated position, the side wall to be welded falls on the supporting piece, and the lifter drives the chain to ascend to continuously convey the side wall to the next designated position after the side wall is finished. The supporting piece can be adjusted in position according to the type of the side wall. The positioning cylinder presses the workpiece to the guide wheel, and the guide wheel plays a role in guiding and provides a positioning reference for the side wall. When the induction sensor senses that the side wall is transported to the downstream and is separated from the chain, the chain stops moving, and meanwhile, the limiting cylinder can stop the workpiece from moving continuously. In the welding process, the welding gun moves to the upper side of the side wall under the action of the first linear driver and the second linear driver, and the welding machine adopts a laser positioning tracker to scan and position a welding line to be welded, so that the application situations of certain assembly deviation and welding deformation can be automatically adapted, and accurate welding is realized. The portal frame is provided with an air cylinder to drive a driving pressure head to compress a workpiece to be welded, and an overlarge gap at a welding joint of the side wall of the open wagon to be welded is eliminated through the air cylinder driving pressure head before the welding process starts, so that the elimination of the welding gap is realized.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an automatic welding line.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the automatic transport mechanism, in which the base is omitted.

Fig. 3 is a broken-away view of the automatic transport mechanism, in which the lifter and the positioning cylinder are omitted.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view at a of fig. 2.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the rail seat, gantry, and welding machine.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gantry, a welding machine and a laser positioning tracker.

Fig. 7 is a bottom view of a gantry.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the connection of the gantry and the rail seat.

In the figure, 1 is an automatic transport mechanism, 2 is a first linear driver, 3 is a welding machine, 4 is a portal frame, 5 is a rail seat, 6 is a welding power supply, 7 is a laser positioning tracker, 8 is a controller, 9 is a second linear driver, 10 is a gun cleaning machine, 11 is a smoke processor, 12 is a guide rail, 13 is a sliding seat, 14 is a pressing cylinder, 15 is a pressure head, 16 is a locking part, 17 is a first limiting seat, 18 is a second limiting seat, 19 is a buffer block, 20 is a first support, 21 is a second support, 22 is a first contact member, 23 is a second contact member, 24 is a guide wheel, 25 is a positioning cylinder, 26 is an in-position sensor, 27 is a limiting cylinder, 28 is an induction sensor, 29 is a chain box, 30 is a rolling shaft, 31 is a driving wheel shaft, 32 is a driven wheel shaft, 33 is a first guide plate, 34 is a second guide plate, 35 is a photoelectric deceleration sensor, 36 is a fixed base reference block, 101 is a base, 102 is a support, 103 is a driving sprocket, 104 is a driven sprocket, 105 is a chain, 106 is a driving motor, 107 is a lifter, 108 is a chain groove, 201 is a first rack, 202 is a first motor, 203 is a first reducer, 204 is a first gear, 205 is a first roller, 301 is a base, 302 is a robot, 303 is a welding gun, 304 is a wire feeder, and 305 is a wire reel.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "communicating" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

For convenience of description, unless otherwise noted, the up-down direction described below coincides with the up-down direction of fig. 3 itself, and the left-right direction described below coincides with the left-right direction of fig. 3 itself.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4 and fig. 6, the present embodiment provides an automatic welding production line, which includes a base 101, a support 102 mounted on the base 101, a driving sprocket 103 rotatably mounted on the base 101, a driven sprocket 104 rotatably mounted on the base 101, a chain 105 sleeved on the driving sprocket 103 and the driven sprocket 104 and used for transporting a workpiece to be welded, a driving motor 106 having an output end connected to the driving sprocket 103, a lifter 107 mounted on the base 101, a rail seat 5, a gantry 4 mounted on the rail seat 5, a welding machine 3 mounted on the gantry 4, and a laser positioning tracker 7 mounted on the welding machine 3; the base 101 is fixed on the ground, and the chain 105 is horizontally disposed on the base 101 and horizontally moves on the base 101. The lifter 107 can be a cylinder or an expansion rod, and the expansion rod of the lifter 107 can be expanded and contracted up and down. The base 101, the support 102, the driving sprocket 103, the driven sprocket 104, the chain 105, the driving motor 106, and the lifter 107 are collectively combined into the automatic conveying mechanism 1 for conveying a workpiece to be welded.

The upper surface of the support 102 is provided with a chain slot 108 for the shuttle of the chain 105, the chain slot 108 penetrates through the support 102 along the moving direction of the chain 105, the lifter 107 is provided with a telescopic part for driving the chain 105 to switch between a transportation position and an idle position, and when the chain 105 is in the transportation position, the chain 105 is positioned outside the chain slot 108 and drives the to-be-welded part to move; when chain 105 is in the unloaded position, chain 105 is positioned in chain slot 108 and the part to be welded is positioned on support 102. When the workpiece is transported, the lifter 107 lifts the chain 105, the chain 105 is located above the support member 102, the upper end surface of the chain 105 is slightly higher than the upper surface of the support member 102, the workpiece is placed on the chain 105, and the workpiece starts to move under the driving of the chain 105. After the workpiece moves to the designated position, the lifter 107 near the designated position puts down the chain 105, the chain 105 falls into the chain slot 108 due to the action of gravity, the section of the chain 105 falling into the chain slot 108 can stop moving in the chain slot 108, and can also continue to move without driving the workpiece on the support 102 to move, but the workpieces at other positions on the chain 105 can continue to move, and the workpiece is automatically unloaded on the support 102, so that the load of the chain 105 is reduced, and the welding machine 3 can conveniently weld the workpiece above the support 102. The plurality of lifters 107 are provided, and the plurality of lifters 107 are spaced apart along the moving direction of the chain 105.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the telescoping portion of each riser 107 is provided with a reach sensor 26, and the reach sensor 26 is used to sense whether the telescoping portion of the riser 107 is in the raised or lowered state.

Specifically, in one embodiment, there are a plurality of supporting members 102, the supporting members 102 are located between the driving sprocket 103 and the driven sprocket 104 and are spaced apart along the moving direction of the chain 105, each supporting member 102 is slidably mounted on the base 101, the sliding direction of each supporting member 102 is the same as the moving direction of the chain 105, and the chain 105 passes through the chain slot 108 of each supporting member 102 in sequence. The distance between the supports 102 may be adjusted to accommodate the transport and processing of workpieces of different sizes. The position of the support member 102 may be adjusted and fixed relative to the base 101 by bolts.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the automated welding line mechanism 1 further comprises a chain magazine 29; the chain case 29 passes through the chain slot 108 of each support member 102 in turn, and the chain 105 located in the chain slot 108 is slidably mounted on the chain case 29. The chain box 29 is a square tube, the chain 105 is formed by connecting a plurality of chain links in sequence from head to tail, the chain links are hinged through a rotating shaft, and the chain 105 is annular. The chain 105 has a conveying section and a return section, the conveying section of the chain 105 is used for supporting and transporting the workpiece, the return section of the chain 105 is located right below the conveying section, the conveying section of the chain 105 is slidably mounted on the upper surface outside the chain box 29 through a roller 30, and the rotating shaft rolls on the upper surface outside the square tube. The return section of the chain 105 is located in the hole wall of the inner hole of the chain case 29, the return section of the chain 105 is slidably mounted on the hole wall of the chain case 29 by a roller 30, and the rotating shaft rolls on the hole wall of the chain case 29. The lifter 107 can indirectly drive the chain 105 to lift by driving the chain magazine 29 to lift.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the chain case 29 is provided with a roller 30. The chain case 29 has rollers 30 rotatably mounted at both ends thereof to facilitate movement of the chain 105 from the chain case 29.

Specifically, in one embodiment, there are a plurality of driving sprockets 103, a plurality of driven gears, and a plurality of chains 105, a driving wheel shaft 31 and a driven wheel shaft 32 are rotatably mounted on the base 101, an output end of the driving motor 106 is connected to the driving wheel shaft 31, each driving sprocket 103 is mounted on the driving wheel shaft 31 and is spaced apart from each other along an axial direction of the driving wheel shaft 31, each driving sprocket 103 is synchronously rotated with the driving wheel shaft 31, each driven sprocket 104 is mounted on the driven wheel shaft 32 and is spaced apart from each other along an axial direction of the driven wheel shaft 32, each driven sprocket 104 is synchronously rotated with the driven wheel shaft 32, a plurality of chain slots 108 are formed in the support 102, all the chain slots 108 are in one-to-one correspondence with all the chains 105, and a plurality of chains 105 are spaced apart from each other along an axial direction of the driving wheel shaft 31. Many chains 105 are located same horizontal plane, and many synchronous movement's chain 105 sharing support the work piece, and drive sprocket 103 passes through same driving motor 106 drive, realizes many chain 105 synchronous movement that the interval set up.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the automatic welding line further includes a first guide plate 33 and a second guide plate 34; the first guide plate 33 and the second guide plate 34 are both installed on the base 101, the first guide plate 33 and the second guide plate 34 are both located at the upstream of the moving direction of the chain 105 and are separated from both sides of the moving direction of the chain 105, and the first guide plate 33 and the second guide plate 34 are distributed in a splayed shape. The first guide plate 33 and the second guide plate 34 can guide the workpiece placed on the chain 105 from the upstream of the moving direction of the chain 105.

As shown in fig. 5 to 8, in particular, in one embodiment, the automatic welding line further comprises a first linear driver 2 for driving the gantry 4 to move on the rail base 5 along the moving direction of the chain 105; the first linear driver 2 comprises a first rack 201 fixed on the rail seat 5, a first motor 202 arranged on the portal frame 4, a first speed reducer 203 connected with an output shaft of the first motor 202, a first gear 204 connected with an output shaft of the first speed reducer 203, and a first roller 205 rotatably arranged on the portal frame 4; the first rack 201 is horizontally arranged along the moving direction of the chain 105, the first gear 204 is meshed with the first rack 201, and the first roller 205 is installed on the rail seat 5 in a rolling manner. The portal frame 4 comprises two vertical beams and a main beam, wherein the two vertical beams are both provided with the first motor 202, the two vertical beams are respectively arranged on the two rail seats 5 in a sliding manner, and two ends of the main beam are respectively fixed on the two vertical beams. The gantry 4 is driven to horizontally slide on the rail seat 5 by the simultaneous rotation of the two first motors 202. The first roller 205 rolls on the upper surface of the rail base 5, and the first roller 205 can reduce the stress of the motor. The welding machine 3 is mounted on the main beam.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the automatic welding line further comprises a controller 8 and a second linear driver 9 mounted on the gantry 4; the welding machine 3 comprises a base 301 mounted on the second linear driver 9, a manipulator 302 mounted on the base 301, a welding gun 303 mounted on the manipulator 302, a wire feeder 304 mounted on the manipulator 302 and connected with the welding gun 303, and a wire reel 305 for storing welding wire and connected with the wire feeder 304; the laser positioning tracker 7 is installed on the welding gun 303, the wire reel 305 is installed on the base 301, and the first motor 202, the laser positioning tracker 7, the manipulator 302 and the welding gun 303 are all electrically connected with the controller 8. The linear driver can drive the welding machine 3 to horizontally move on the main beam, and the sliding direction of the welding machine 3 on the main beam is perpendicular to the sliding direction of the portal frame 4 on the rail seat 5. Wire feeder 304 feeds wire from wire reel 305 to the welding gun. The laser positioning tracker 7 can identify the position of the weld of the workpiece to be welded and identify the position of the welding gun, thereby facilitating control of the robot 302 to move along the weld and adjust the welding path of the welding gun 303 according to real time. The controller 8 may automatically perform data processing and control the movement of the robot 302, the welding gun 303, and the start and stop of the first motor 202. A zero point of the portal frame 4 is firstly arranged on the rail seat 5, and the position of the portal frame 4 relative to the zero point can be monitored or set through the controller 8, so that the traveling speed and the traveling direction are set.

The laser positioning tracker 7 has the functions of calculating the parameters (welding seam type, material type, laser power and the like) of laser positioning and tracking. The laser positioning tracker 7 comprises a control box (host) and a laser positioning tracking terminal. The main machine of the control box (main machine) is arranged in one of the vertical beams of the portal frame 4. The laser position tracking terminal is mounted on the welding gun 303. The tracked parameters are calculated on a control box (host); the start and stop of the operation of the laser positioning tracker 7 are controlled by the controller 8. The controller 8 may control welding parameters (current, voltage, pulses, etc.), water cooling parameters, etc.

The robot 302 can teach, for example, setting a travel path of the robot 302 (i.e., setting a welding path), a travel speed of the robot 302 (travel speed on a main beam of the gantry 4), a travel area of the robot 302, a posture and a movement speed of the robot 302, a gun cleaning operation, and the like, in accordance with a workpiece configuration and a welding recipe.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the second linear driver 9 includes a second rack fixed on the gantry 4, a second motor mounted on the base 301, a second reducer connected to an output shaft of the second motor, a second gear connected to an output shaft of the second reducer, and a second roller rotatably mounted on the base 301; the second rack is engaged with the second gear, the second rack is horizontally arranged and is vertical to the first rack 201, and the second roller is installed on the portal frame 4 in a rolling mode. The robot 302 is driven by a linear drive to move horizontally on the main beam. The moving direction of the gantry 4 is the same as the moving direction of the chain 105, and the moving direction of the robot 302 on the gantry 4 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the chain 105.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the automatic welding line further comprises a gun cleaning machine 10 for cleaning the welding gun 303 and a smoke processor 11 mounted on the rail base 5; the gun cleaner 10 is mounted on the rail base 5, and the smoke processor 11 has a suction member for sucking smoke, which is mounted on the welding gun 303. The gun cleaning machine 10 and the smoke dust processor 11 are both electrically connected with the controller 8. The smoke dust processor 11 includes a main machine, a pipe, and a suction member (dust removal terminal). The main engine is arranged on the other vertical beam of the portal frame 4. The host computer forms the counter weight with the controller 8 of welding machine power, manipulator for the weight of 4 two perpendicular roof beams of portal frame is more balanced, and the walking is steady. The suction piece is arranged on the welding gun 303 and used for absorbing smoke and dust generated in the welding process; the sucking part is a sucking disc and other parts. The suction piece can be of different structures and sizes, such as horn shape, cylindrical shape, etc., according to the structure of the workpiece and the welding parameters. The smoke dust processor 11 and the gun cleaning machine 10 are controlled by the controller 8 to start and stop.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the automatic welding production line further includes a guide rail 12 installed on the gantry 4, a slide 13 slidably installed on the guide rail 12, a pressing cylinder 14 installed on the slide 13, and a pressing head 15 installed on a telescopic rod of the pressing cylinder 14; the slide 13 is provided with a locking member 16. The portal frame 4 further comprises an auxiliary cross beam arranged below the main cross beam, the air cylinder is arranged on the auxiliary cross beam, the auxiliary cross beam and the main cross beam are relatively independent, and the main cross beam is prevented from deforming when gaps are eliminated, so that the welding precision of the welding machine 3 is influenced. The cylinders may be used in any number or not as desired (e.g., workpiece configuration), and may be quickly installed and removed via the retaining members 16. During welding, the cylinder can be moved to a suitable position on the guide rail 12 and the ram 15 can be replaced by different sizes (different thicknesses, different diameters, etc.) as required (e.g., workpiece configuration). The stretching and contracting actions of the air cylinder are controlled by a controller 8, and the controller 8 can control whether the air cylinder acts, when the air cylinder acts and the like. When the product has an overlarge assembly gap, the controller 8 controls the cylinder to act and press down to the surface of the workpiece, and the assembly gap is reduced or eliminated under the pressure action of the pressing cylinder 14.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the rail seat 5 is provided with a first limiting seat 17 and a second limiting seat 18; the first limiting seat 17 and the second limiting seat 18 are both provided with a buffer block 19, and the portal frame 4 slides between the buffer block 19 of the first limiting seat 17 and the buffer block 19 of the second limiting seat 18. The buffer block 19 can buffer the impact of the gantry 4 on the first limit seat 17 and the second limit seat 18.

The portal frame 4 is provided with a first support 20 and a second support 21, the first limiting seat 17 is provided with a first contact switch, the second limiting seat 18 is provided with a second contact switch, the first support 20 is provided with a first contact element 22 for triggering the first contact switch, and the second support 21 is provided with a second contact element 23 for triggering the second contact switch. When the gantry 4 touches the first limiting seat 17 or the second limiting seat 18, the first contact switch or the second contact switch is triggered, the first motor 202 stops rotating, and the gantry 4 stops moving.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the first and

second seats

20 and 21 are each provided with a bumper 19.

Specifically, in one embodiment, a plurality of portal frames 4 may be disposed on one rail base 5, and a partition is disposed between adjacent portal frames 4, so as to limit the traveling area of each portal frame 4, and avoid position conflict or mutual interference of the three portal frames 4.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, in particular, in one embodiment, the automatic welding line further includes a guide wheel 24 mounted on the base 101 and a positioning cylinder 25 mounted on the support 102; the positioning cylinder 25 and the guide wheel 24 are respectively arranged at two sides of the moving direction of the chain 105, and a workpiece to be welded on the chain 105 is clamped between the guide wheel 24 and a telescopic rod of the positioning cylinder 25; the guide pulley 24 is provided in plural, and the plural guide pulleys 24 are spaced apart along the moving direction of the chain 105. The rotation axis of the guide wheel 24 is vertically arranged, the guide wheel 24 can rotate, and the guide wheel 24 can guide the movement of the workpiece and prevent the workpiece from falling from the side of the moving direction of the chain 105.

The positioning cylinder 25 and the guide wheel 24 are arranged on two sides of the moving direction of the chain 105, the telescopic rod of the positioning cylinder 25 extends in the same direction as the arrangement direction of the chain 105, and a workpiece on the chain 105 is clamped between the guide wheel 24 and the telescopic rod of the positioning cylinder 25. The positioning cylinders 25 are arranged at intervals along the moving direction of the chain 105, the telescopic rods of the positioning cylinders 25 are horizontally arranged and are perpendicular to the moving direction of the chain 105, the telescopic rods of the positioning cylinders 25 extend and retract towards the guide wheel 24 in a horizontal plane, when a workpiece is moved to a specified position and placed on the support piece 102, the positioning cylinders 25 and the guide wheel 24 are positioned on two different sides of the advancing direction of the chain 105, and the telescopic rods of the positioning cylinders 25 approach towards the guide wheel 24, so that the positioning cylinders 25 and the guide wheel 24 clamp the workpiece together. The fixed reference block 36 is arranged on one side provided with the guide wheel 24, and the fixed reference block 36 and the guide wheel 24 jointly play a role of fixed reference of the workpiece, so that the workpiece can be accurately positioned, and the processing of the workpiece is facilitated. The telescopic rod of the positioning cylinder 25 is provided with a pressure sensor to detect whether the pushing of the workpiece is in place.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the automatic welding production line further comprises a limiting cylinder 27 mounted on the base 101, and an induction sensor 28 mounted on the base 101 and used for detecting workpieces on the chain 105; the inductive sensor 28 and the limit cylinder 27 are both located at the downstream of the moving direction of the chain 105, and the telescopic rod of the limit cylinder 27 is located on the moving path of the workpiece on the chain 105. The induction sensor 28 can sense the workpiece as fast as the end of the moving direction of the chain 105, thereby transmitting a signal to the driving motor 106 to stop the driving motor 106, thereby preventing the workpiece from falling. After the workpiece is removed by the worker, the drive motor 106 continues to rotate. The telescopic rod of the limiting cylinder 27 stretches up and down, when the telescopic rod of the limiting cylinder 27 descends, the telescopic rod of the limiting cylinder 27 is located below the chain 105, when the telescopic rod of the limiting cylinder 27 ascends, the telescopic rod of the limiting cylinder 27 upwards stretches to the upper portion of the chain 105 from the side of the chain 105, and when the induction sensor 28 fails, the limiting cylinder 27 is used for blocking a workpiece which is to be separated from the chain 105 from the downstream of the chain 105.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the base 101 has a deceleration photosensor 35 mounted thereon, and the drive motor 106 decelerates when the deceleration photosensor 35 detects that the workpiece is approaching a specified position.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the controller 8 is electrically connected to the driving motor 106, the lifter 107, the limit cylinder 27, the positioning cylinder 25, the deceleration photoelectric sensor 35, the induction sensor 28, and the like, the controller 8 performs signal transmission with the driving motor 106, the lifter 107, the limit cylinder 27, the positioning cylinder 25, the deceleration photoelectric sensor 35, the induction sensor 28, and the like, and the controller 8 is provided with buttons for controlling the driving motor 106, the lifter 107, the limit cylinder 27, the positioning cylinder 25, and the like.

All actions of the production line are controlled by a controller, and the control comprises control of welding parameter (current, voltage and speed) setting, parameter partition, welding track, cooling water switch, welding start and end and the like. The controller controls all actions of the whole device through programming control, and the welding production process can be carried out without human intervention.

All actions of the whole production line comprise: controlling the respective motion areas and mutual cooperation sequence of the three portal frames, and forming a complete welding sequence and track by the action cooperation of the three portal frames and a manipulator, and starting, stopping, forward and backward walking, walking speed and walking areas of the whole portal frame; setting welding parameters (current, voltage and speed) of a welding machine, partitioning the parameters, welding tracks, cooling water switches, and starting and ending welding; the gun cleaning device and the smoke dust processor are controlled to start and stop; starting and stopping the laser positioning tracker; starting or stopping of cylinders

The working principle of the invention is as follows: the position of the support is first adjusted by manually sliding the support according to the type of workpiece. The production line circular telegram, all electrical component switches open, and the chain box makes the chain rise to support piece's top is jacked to the riser, and the sensor that targets in place on the riser detects the chain box and targets in place the back motor and begins to rotate and drive the chain and roll. A plurality of workpieces are sequentially placed at the upstream of the moving direction of the chain, and the workpieces are driven by the chain to move. When the workpiece reaches the processing position, the sensor senses that the workpiece flows into the station, the lifter descends to enable the chain to fall into the chain groove and to be in the chain groove, the workpiece falls on the supporting piece, and the chain stops and the sensor feeds back that the workpiece reaches the designated position. And then the controller moves the manipulator to the position above the side wall of the open wagon to be welded by controlling the movement of the second portal frame and the movement of the base, and the portal frame travels to a specified position and is self-locked. The pressing cylinder stretches out, the pressing head presses the workpiece to eliminate the gap, and then welding is carried out. And the controller drives the welding machine to move to the welding position of the side wall of the open wagon through information feedback of the laser positioning tracker. And a driving pressure head of the cylinder before welding is pressed downwards to eliminate a welding gap. The welding machine is started, the welding starting position is determined, a welding gun of the welding machine accurately moves to a welding seam to be in contact with the welding seam to conduct automatic welding under the driving of the manipulator, and the manipulator can adjust the welding position (matched with the portal frame in a walking mode) and the welding posture through real-time feedback of the laser positioning tracker in the welding process until the welding is completed. The smoke and dust processor in the welding process can pump away the smoke generated by welding, thereby improving the working environment. And cleaning the welding gun through a gun cleaning machine after welding is finished. And after the welding gun is finished, the portal frame and the welding machine automatically reset to wait for welding the side wall of the next open wagon. After the machining is finished, the chain is lifted to the upper side of the supporting piece under the action of the lifter, the workpiece falls on the chain again and moves to the next machining position under the driving of the chain, and the next workpiece enters the welding position. And taking the workpiece out of the automatic conveying mechanism after the machining is finished.

Overall, this production line has following advantage:

1) the welding automation can be greatly improved, the working environment is improved, the labor intensity is reduced, the welding efficiency and the welding quality are improved, the welding consistency is good, and the forming is attractive.

2) The welding machine adopts the laser sensor to scan and position the welding line to be welded, can automatically adapt to the application situations of certain assembly deviation and welding deformation, and realizes accurate welding.

3) The portal frame is provided with the compaction air cylinder to eliminate welding clearance, and an overlarge clearance of a welding joint of the side wall of the open wagon to be welded is eliminated through a pneumatic device before the welding process begins; and a positioning cylinder is arranged to jack the side wall workpiece of the open wagon, so that the position of the workpiece is relatively fixed, and the workpiece is prevented from deviating in the welding process.

4) The production line can be provided with a plurality of combined production lines which are spliced in sequence to form a larger-scale combined production line, the number of welding stations is increased, the length of the production line is expanded, and the combined production line is suitable for workpieces with different sizes; the production line after splicing adopts a master control system to realize integral control.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an automatic welding production line which characterized in that: the welding machine comprises a base, a supporting piece arranged on the base, a driving chain wheel rotatably arranged on the base, a driven chain wheel rotatably arranged on the base, a chain sleeved on the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel and used for transporting a part to be welded, a driving motor with an output end connected with the driving chain wheel, a lifter arranged on the base, a rail seat, a portal frame arranged on the rail seat, a welding machine arranged on the portal frame and a laser positioning tracker arranged on the welding machine;

2. An automatic welding line according to claim 1, characterized in that: the supporting pieces are arranged between the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel and distributed at intervals along the moving direction of the chain, each supporting piece is installed on the base in a sliding mode, the sliding direction of each supporting piece is the same as the moving direction of the chain, and the chain sequentially penetrates through the chain grooves of the supporting pieces.

3. An automatic welding line according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first linear driver is used for driving the gantry frame to slide on the rail seat along the moving direction of the chain; the first linear driver comprises a first rack fixed on the rail seat, a first motor arranged on the portal frame, a first speed reducer connected with an output shaft of the first motor, a first gear connected with an output shaft of the first speed reducer, and a first roller rotatably arranged on the portal frame; the first rack is horizontally arranged along the moving direction of the chain, the first gear is meshed with the first rack, and the first roller is installed on the rail seat in a rolling mode.

4. An automatic welding line according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gantry crane further comprises a controller and a second linear driver arranged on the gantry; the welding machine comprises a base arranged on the second linear driver, a manipulator arranged on the base, a welding gun arranged on the manipulator, a wire feeder arranged on the manipulator and connected with the welding gun, and a wire reel used for storing welding wires and connected with the wire feeder; the laser positioning tracker is installed on the welding gun, the wire reel is installed on the base, and the first motor, the laser positioning tracker, the manipulator, the welding gun all with controller electric connection.

5. An automatic welding line according to claim 4, characterized in that: the second linear driver comprises a second rack fixed on the portal frame, a second motor arranged on the base, a second speed reducer connected with an output shaft of the second motor, a second gear connected with an output shaft of the second speed reducer, and a second roller rotatably arranged on the base; the second rack is meshed with the second gear, the second rack is horizontally arranged and is perpendicular to the first rack, and the second roller is installed on the portal frame in a rolling mode.

6. An automatic welding line according to claim 4, characterized in that: the welding gun cleaning machine also comprises a gun cleaning machine for cleaning the welding gun and a smoke dust processor arranged on the rail seat; the gun cleaning machine is installed on the rail seat, the smoke dust processor is provided with an absorbing piece for absorbing smoke dust, and the absorbing piece is installed on the welding gun.

7. An automatic welding line according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gantry type automatic loading device further comprises a guide rail arranged on the gantry, a sliding seat arranged on the guide rail in a sliding mode, a pressing cylinder arranged on the sliding seat, and a pressing head arranged on a telescopic rod of the pressing cylinder; and a locking piece is arranged on the sliding seat.

8. An automatic welding line according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rail seat is provided with a first limiting seat and a second limiting seat; the gantry slides between the buffer block on the first limiting seat and the buffer block on the second limiting seat;

9. An automatic welding line according to claim 1, characterized in that: the device also comprises a guide wheel arranged on the base and a positioning cylinder arranged on the supporting piece; the positioning cylinder and the guide wheel are respectively arranged at two sides of the moving direction of the chain, and a workpiece to be welded is clamped between the guide wheel and a telescopic rod of the positioning cylinder;

10. An automatic welding line according to claim 1, characterized in that: the welding device also comprises a limiting cylinder arranged on the base and an induction sensor arranged on the base and used for detecting a workpiece to be welded; the induction sensor and the limiting cylinder are both positioned at the downstream of the moving direction of the chain, and the telescopic rod of the limiting cylinder is positioned on the moving path of the workpiece to be welded on the chain.