CN114799605A

CN114799605A - Automatic welding production line for carriage

Info

Publication number: CN114799605A
Application number: CN202210656555.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李帮海; 胡旭东; 杜卫东
Original assignee: Qingling Motors Group Co Ltd; Qingling Motors Co Ltd
Current assignee: Qingling Motors Group Co Ltd; Qingling Motors Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-10
Filing date: 2022-06-10
Publication date: 2022-07-29
Anticipated expiration: 2042-06-10
Also published as: CN114799605B

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic welding production line for a carriage, which comprises a total combination welding device, a piece discharging and pushing device, a carriage overturning device, a carriage repair welding device and a mounting and adjusting line which are sequentially arranged along a production process; the total combination welding device comprises a clamp arranged at a welding station and a welding robot for welding; the discharging and pushing device is used for receiving the carriage from the welding station and conveying the carriage to the carriage overturning device; the carriage turnover device is used for clamping and turning the carriage and then placing the carriage to the carriage repair welding device; a transfer mechanism for transferring the carriage from the carriage repair welding device to the assembling and adjusting line is arranged between the carriage repair welding device and the assembling and adjusting line. The bottom plate, the left side plate, the right side plate and the front plate of the carriage realize welding of the back surface at the welding station, the welding of the front surface is finished through the conveying device, the overturning device and the repair welding fixture arranged on the repair welding device, and the repair welding is transferred to the assembly and adjustment line through the transfer mechanism after being finished, so that the automation of carriage combination welding is conveniently realized, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Automatic welding production line for carriage

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to an automatic carriage welding production line.

Background

When the existing carriage assembly is welded, a front plate, side plates and a bottom plate need to be welded together, usually at a preparation station, the front plate, the left side plate, the right side plate and the bottom plate are positioned by corresponding combined fixtures and then are conveyed to an operation position, and each point is welded manually; because the carriage has more welding positions, not only the back side welding is needed, but also the front side welding is needed, in the actual production process, the clamping and all welding processes are usually completed at one station, so that the beat is slow, the downstream assembly efficiency is influenced, and the overall production efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an automatic welding production line for carriages, which improves the production efficiency.

In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

an automatic welding production line for a carriage comprises a general combination welding device, a piece discharging and pushing device, a carriage overturning device, a carriage repair welding device and an assembly and adjustment line which are sequentially arranged along a production process;

the total combination welding device comprises a clamp arranged at a welding station and a welding robot for welding;

the discharging and pushing device is used for receiving the carriage from the welding station and conveying the carriage to the carriage overturning device;

the carriage turnover device is used for clamping the carriage and placing the carriage to the carriage repair welding device after turning the carriage for a specified angle;

the carriage repair welding device comprises a repair welding clamp and a repair welding robot which are used for repairing and welding the carriage;

and a transfer mechanism for transferring the carriage from the carriage repair welding device to the loading and adjusting line is arranged between the carriage repair welding device and the loading and adjusting line.

Optionally, the total combination welding device further comprises two upper assembly stations, one upper assembly station is provided with a longitudinal sliding table, the other upper assembly station is provided with a transverse sliding table, and the transverse sliding table and the longitudinal sliding table are both provided with clamps; the longitudinal sliding table can move between the corresponding upper part assembling station and the corresponding welding station along the longitudinal rail, the transverse sliding table can move between the corresponding upper part assembling station and the corresponding welding station along the transverse rail, and the motion direction of the longitudinal sliding table is perpendicular to that of the transverse sliding table; and a first avoidance channel for avoiding the transverse sliding table and a second avoidance channel for avoiding the longitudinal sliding table are arranged at the crossed position of the longitudinal rail and the transverse rail.

Optionally, the number of the transverse rails and the number of the longitudinal rails are two; the welding station is provided with two first rails for bearing the longitudinal sliding table and two second rails for bearing the transverse sliding table, the first rails and the second rails form a rectangular structure in a surrounding mode, the first rails correspond to the longitudinal rails one to one, and a first avoidance channel is formed between the first rails and the longitudinal rails; the second rails correspond to the transverse rails one to one, and second avoidance channels are formed between the second rails and the transverse rails.

Optionally, the ejection pushing device comprises a pushing mechanism and supporting roller sets positioned on two sides of the pushing mechanism; the support roller set is followed the welding station extends to carriage turning device, push mechanism includes the frame, sets up slide rail in the frame, erects the transport slip table on the slide rail and is used for driving the slip table along the transport actuating mechanism of slide rail motion, be provided with the clamping mechanism who is used for pressing from both sides tight carriage on carrying the slip table.

Optionally, a complementary pushing mechanism is arranged on the sliding table, the complementary pushing mechanism comprises a driving cylinder, a main pushing arm, an acting arm, and a driving gear and a driven gear which are meshed with each other, the main pushing arm is connected with the driving gear and can synchronously rotate, the acting arm is connected with the driven gear and can synchronously rotate, and a pushing frame for complementary pushing the carriage is arranged on the acting arm; the driving cylinder is connected with the main push arm and used for driving the main push arm to rotate, so that the action arm and the push frame are driven to rotate through a gear pair formed by the driving gear and the driven gear.

Optionally, the thrust supplementing mechanism is arranged at one end of the conveying sliding table close to the carriage turnover device, and the clamping mechanism is arranged at one end of the conveying sliding table close to the welding station; the complementary pushing mechanism is provided with a working position and a folding position, and when the complementary pushing mechanism is at the folding position, the positions of the acting arm and the pushing frame are lower than the carriage and can avoid the carriage; when the push frame is in the working position, the push frame is abutted against the rear part of the bottom plate of the carriage to push the carriage to move forwards.

Optionally, the supplement-push mechanism further comprises a limiting structure for limiting the maximum rotation range of the main push arm or the acting arm, and the supplement-push mechanism is further provided with a detection element for detecting the maximum rotation position of the main push arm.

Optionally, the carriage turning device comprises a turning shaft arranged on the base, a turning frame connected with the turning shaft and a turning driving mechanism for driving the turning shaft to rotate, wherein a balance weight is arranged on the turning shaft, the balance weight and the turning frame are respectively positioned on two sides of the turning shaft, and a turning clamp for clamping the carriage is arranged on the turning frame.

Optionally, the overturning fixture comprises a left group of clamping mechanisms and a right group of clamping mechanisms which are symmetrically arranged, each group of clamping mechanisms comprises a supporting mechanism for supporting the lower part of the carriage front plate, a front plate clamping mechanism for clamping the upper part of the carriage front plate, a front plate upper beam clamping mechanism for clamping the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the carriage side plate upper beam, a side plate upper beam middle clamping mechanism and a side plate upper beam rear part clamping mechanism, and the positions of the front plate clamping mechanisms are fixed or can be adjusted forwards and backwards.

Optionally, the assembling and adjusting line comprises a plate chain and a plate chain driving mechanism for driving the plate chain to drive the plate chain, and at least one group of supports for supporting the carriage are arranged on the plate chain; carriage repair welding anchor clamps weld the support and be used for fixing a position the positioning component of platform floor including the repair that is used for supporting platform floor, be provided with the transmission track between carriage repair welding device and the assembly line, be provided with the transmission slip table on the transmission track, carriage repair welding anchor clamps set up on the transmission track to can follow the transmission track and move between carriage repair welding device and assembly line, be provided with the lift actuating mechanism who is used for driving repair welding support and positioning component elevating movement on the carriage repair welding anchor clamps.

As mentioned above, the beneficial effects of the invention are: after the bottom plate, the left side plate, the right side plate and the front plate of the carriage are clamped and clamped by the clamps, the welding of the back surface is realized by the welding robot at a welding station, the carriage is conveyed to the next station, namely a carriage turnover device, after the welding is finished, the carriage is turned over and placed on a repair welding clamp of a repair welding device through the clamping and turning of the carriage turnover device, then the welding of the front surface is finished by the repair welding robot, after the repair welding is finished, the carriages which finish all welding procedures are transferred to a loading and adjusting line through the transfer mechanism, and the installation, the debugging, the inspection and the like of subsequent accessories are finished on the loading and adjusting line, so that the welding production of the carriage is finished.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall assembly welding apparatus in one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a welding station and two preparation stations in one embodiment.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a longitudinal slide and a welding station in one embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic bottom view of a longitudinal slide in one embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a transverse slide and a welding station in one embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a U-shaped second support rail according to one embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first support rail, the transverse rails, and the longitudinal rails in one embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the installation of support and guide rollers in one embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a drive mechanism in one embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of a damper mechanism in one embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a schematic layout of a parts feeder, car flipper, car repair weld, and trim line (with car) in one embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a parts feeder, a carriage flipper, a carriage repair weld apparatus, and a trim line according to one embodiment;

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a pushing mechanism in one embodiment;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a complementary pushing mechanism in one embodiment;

FIG. 17 is a front view of a complementary pushing mechanism in one embodiment;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism in one embodiment;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing the structure of a wagon inverting apparatus according to an embodiment;

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the roll-over stand and a side clamp in one embodiment;

FIG. 21 is a schematic structural view of a support mechanism in one embodiment;

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of various clamps used to clamp the left and right side panel edge beams in one embodiment;

FIG. 23 is a schematic view showing the lower structure of a front plate clamping mechanism in one embodiment;

FIG. 24 is a schematic upper structure view of a front plate clamping mechanism in one embodiment;

FIG. 25 is a schematic view of a carriage limiting structure in one embodiment;

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a set of car lift rollers in one embodiment;

FIG. 27 is a schematic view of a carriage repair weld apparatus and trim line junction in accordance with one embodiment;

FIG. 28 is a schematic view of a single transfer slide and a repair weld fixture in one embodiment;

FIG. 29 is a schematic structural diagram of a positioning assembly in one embodiment;

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of an upper portion of the positioning assembly in one embodiment;

FIG. 31 is a schematic view of a first repair-welded standoff in one embodiment;

FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of a second repair weld holder in accordance with one embodiment;

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tuning line in one embodiment.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1 to 13, this example illustrates an automatic welding production line for a carriage, which is used for welding and assembling a bottom plate, a left side plate, a right side plate and a front plate of the carriage (or called a hopper); the general combination welding device comprises a general combination welding device 100, a piece discharging and pushing device 200, a carriage overturning device 300, a carriage repair welding device 400 and a debugging line 600 which are sequentially arranged along a production process, wherein the front and rear directions in the embodiment are based on the fact that a carriage is conveyed from back to front;

the total combination welding device 100 comprises a clamp 15 arranged at a welding station and a welding robot 10 used for welding, wherein the clamp 15 is used for clamping a bottom plate, a left side plate, a right side plate and a front plate of a carriage, and welding is carried out through the welding robot 10 after clamping is finished; certainly can also set up hoisting machine and construct and hoist bottom plate, left side board, right side board and front bezel to anchor clamps, for example adopt modes such as electric block or manipulator snatch. The workpiece loading device is characterized in that a workpiece loading assembly station is arranged, a sliding table is arranged at the workpiece loading assembly station, a clamp 15 is arranged on the sliding table to clamp the bottom plate, the left side plate, the right side plate and the front plate, and the sliding table moves to a welding station C through a rail to be welded after clamping is completed.

The discharging and pushing device 200 is arranged between the total combination welding device 100 and the carriage turnover device 300 and is used for receiving a carriage welded at the welding station C and conveying the carriage to the carriage turnover device 300 for subsequent treatment;

the carriage turnover device 300 is used for clamping and turning over the carriage for a specified angle, then placing the carriage to the carriage repair welding device 400, and welding the position needing repair welding, in this case, turning over for 180 degrees, namely, performing repair welding on the other side of the carriage, wherein the carriage turnover device 300 comprises a structure for clamping and turning over the carriage;

the carriage repair welding device 400 comprises a repair welding fixture and a repair welding robot 40, wherein the repair welding fixture is used for repairing and welding the carriage, the carriage overturned by the carriage overturning device 300 is supported on the repair welding fixture, and then the repair welding work is completed by the repair welding robot 40;

wherein, be provided with between carriage repair welding device 400 and the assembly and adjustment line 600 and be used for shifting the carriage from the carriage repair welding device to the transfer mechanism 500 of assembly and adjustment line, the carriage that the repair welding was accomplished is transported to assembly and adjustment line 600 by transfer mechanism 500, carries out work such as the installation of follow-up annex on assembly and adjustment line 600, rolls off the production line after accomplishing.

Above-mentioned structure, the bottom plate of railway carriage, the left side board, the right side board, the front bezel passes through behind the 15 clamping of anchor clamps, realize the welding by welding robot 10 at welding station C, after having welded carry next station by carriage conveyor 200, carriage turning device 300 promptly, through the clamp of carriage turning device 300 tightly with the upset, make the carriage upset and place to the repair welding anchor clamps of repair welding device on, then accomplish the welding through repair welding robot 40, the carriage that will accomplish all welding processes through transfer mechanism 500 after the repair welding is accomplished shifts to dress accent line 600, accomplish the installation of follow-up annex on the dress accent line, the debugging, the inspection etc., thereby accomplish the welding production in carriage, this production line is convenient for realize the automation of carriage combination welding, and the production efficiency is improved.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in one embodiment, the total combination welding apparatus 100 further includes two upper assembly stations (a first preparation station a and a second preparation station B) where the bottom plate, the left side plate, the right side plate, and the front plate of the carriage are clamped; the first preparation station A is provided with a longitudinal sliding table 121, the second preparation station B is provided with a transverse sliding table 131, and the transverse sliding table 131 and the longitudinal sliding table 121 are both provided with a clamp 15 for clamping parts; the longitudinal sliding table 121 can move between the corresponding first preparation station a and welding station C along the longitudinal rail 122, the transverse sliding table 131 can move between the second preparation station B and welding station C along the transverse rail 132, and the longitudinal sliding table 121 is perpendicular to the movement direction of the transverse sliding table 131 and both move in the horizontal plane; a first avoidance channel 145 for avoiding the transverse sliding table 131 and a second avoidance channel 146 for avoiding the longitudinal sliding table 121 are arranged at the intersecting position of the longitudinal rail 122 and the transverse rail 132.

Specifically, the transverse rail 132 and the longitudinal rail 122 are both two; the welding station C is provided with two first support rails 141 for bearing the longitudinal sliding table 121 and two second support rails 142 for bearing the transverse sliding table 131, the first support rails 141 and the second support rails 142 enclose a rectangular structure, the two first support rails 141 and the two longitudinal rails 122 are in one-to-one correspondence, and a first avoidance channel 145 is formed between the first support rails 141 and the longitudinal rails 122; the two second support rails 142 correspond to the two transverse rails 132 one by one, and a second escape channel 146 is formed between the second support rails 142 and the transverse rails 132.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, a longitudinal rail 122 extending from the first preparation station a to the welding station C is disposed on the base 11, the longitudinal sliding table 121 is supported on the longitudinal rail 122, a fixture 15 is mounted on the longitudinal sliding table 121 to clamp a workpiece, when the longitudinal sliding table 121 is located at the first preparation station a, the longitudinal sliding table is also located on the longitudinal rail 122, a first driving mechanism is disposed between the longitudinal sliding table 121 and the base 11, and the first driving mechanism is configured to drive the longitudinal sliding table 121 to move between the first preparation station a and the welding station C along the longitudinal rail 122, so that the clamped workpiece can be sent to the welding station C for welding or machining, and when the welding or machining is completed, the longitudinal sliding table is returned to the first preparation station a to clamp a next workpiece.

The base 11 is provided with a transverse rail 132 extending from the second preparation station B to the welding station C, the transverse sliding table 131 is arranged on the transverse rail 132, the transverse sliding table 131 is provided with a clamp 15 for clamping a workpiece, when the transverse sliding table 131 is positioned at the second preparation station B, the transverse sliding table 131 is also positioned on the transverse rail 132, a second driving mechanism is arranged between the transverse sliding table 131 and the base 11, and the second driving mechanism is used for driving the transverse sliding table 131 to move between the second preparation station B and the welding station C along the transverse rail 132, so that the clamped workpiece can be sent to the welding station C for welding or machining, and when the welding or machining is completed, the transverse sliding table is returned to the second preparation station B for clamping the next workpiece.

Wherein, the transverse sliding table 131 and the longitudinal sliding table 121 both move in the horizontal direction, and the moving directions of the two are vertical.

In the structure, the longitudinal sliding table 121 and the transverse sliding table 131 are respectively positioned at the first preparation station A and the second preparation station B, when one sliding table clamps a workpiece and moves to the welding station C for processing, the other sliding table clamps the workpiece at the same time, and the processes are alternately carried out, so that the production beat can be ensured, and the production efficiency can be improved; wherein, the first avoidance channel 145 and the second avoidance channel 146 are used for avoiding the walking of the sliding tables to pass through, so as to avoid interference and realize the crossed flexible multi-station collineation of the two sliding tables. Equivalently, a rectangular frame-shaped rail is formed by the first supporting rail 141 and the second supporting rail 142 in a surrounding manner on the welding station C, wherein two parallel rails are used for supporting the transverse sliding table 131, and the other two parallel rails are used for supporting the longitudinal sliding table 121; the rail supporting the longitudinal sliding table 121 corresponds to a division into the longitudinal rail 122 and the first support rail 141, and the rail supporting the lateral sliding table 131 corresponds to a division into the lateral rail 132 and the second support rail 142.

As shown in fig. 6 and 10, in this example, each of the transverse sliding table 131 and the longitudinal sliding table 121 includes a sliding base (i.e., a sliding table body), and at least one set of supporting rollers 173 and at least one set of guiding rollers 177 disposed below the sliding base, the supporting rollers 173 are supported on corresponding rails for walking and bearing the weight of the sliding table, and the guiding rollers 177 lean against the side surfaces of the corresponding rails, specifically the outer sides of the rails, to prevent the sliding table from deviating during walking.

Each sliding table is erected on two corresponding tracks, guide rollers 177 are arranged on the outer sides of the two tracks, and the outer circular surfaces of the guide rollers 177 are in contact with the outer side walls of the tracks; a plurality of sets of support rollers 173 may be provided below the carriage in the direction of movement.

As shown in fig. 6 and 10, a plurality of supporting guide roller sets 17 are mounted below the sliding base, each supporting guide roller set 17 includes a roller base 171, a supporting plate group 172, a supporting roller 173 and a guide roller 177, the roller base 171 is mounted below the sliding base, the supporting plate group 172 is disposed on the roller base 171, the supporting roller 173 is mounted on the supporting plate group 172 through a supporting shaft 174, one or more supporting rollers 173 can be disposed on each roller base 171, wherein one side of the roller base 171 or the supporting plate group 172 is provided with a support 176 extending downward, the guide roller 177 is mounted at the lower end of the support 176, and the axis of the guide roller 177 is perpendicular to the axis of the supporting roller 173; the support roller 173 is positioned higher than the guide roller 177. Guard plates 175 are provided on the front and rear sides of the support rollers 173 in the traveling direction, and the guard plates 175 are connected to the roller holders 171.

In one embodiment, the longitudinal rail 122, the transverse rail 132, the first support rail 141, and the second support rail 142 are each provided with a top side and an outer side, each of which is provided with wear plates, which may be plastic, rubber, resin, etc., to improve service life.

As shown in fig. 9, specifically, the longitudinal rail 122, the transverse rail 132, the first support rail 141, and the second support rail 142 are similar in structure and each include a bottom plate 191, a vertical plate 192, a top plate 193, and a reinforcing plate 194, the bottom plate 191 is bolted or welded to the base 11, the lower end of the vertical plate 192 is connected to the bottom plate 191, the upper end of the vertical plate is connected to the top plate 193, and the reinforcing plate 194 is connected between the bottom plate 191, the vertical plate 192, and the top plate 193 and is perpendicular to the vertical plate 192; the vertical plate 192 and the top plate 193 are provided with connecting holes, and the wear plate 196 is mounted through fasteners, for example, a plurality of uniform screw holes are formed, and the wear plate 196 is mounted through countersunk bolts. The outer side of the vertical plate 192 is provided with a groove 195 or a spigot for installing a wear plate 196, so that the longitudinal sliding table 121 and the transverse sliding table 131 can be guided to pass through the intersection point of the transverse and longitudinal rails smoothly.

Screw holes and pin holes are processed on the bottom plate 191 to ensure the installation accuracy of the left and right multi-section tracks in the length and width directions; processing an installation reference surface, an installation spigot and a screw hole of the side wear-resisting plate 196 on the side surface of the vertical plate 192 so as to meet the installation accuracy of the side wear-resisting plate 196; the upper surface of the top plate 193 is machined with a mounting datum surface and threaded holes for the upper wear plate 196 to meet the mounting accuracy of the upper wear plate 96.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in one embodiment, the longitudinal rail 122 is provided with a corresponding longitudinally extending rail 143, and the longitudinal rail 122, the first supporting rail 141 and the longitudinally extending rail 143 are sequentially arranged and in one-to-one correspondence, that is, the first supporting rail 141 is located between the longitudinal rail 122 and the longitudinally extending rail 143, and a first avoiding channel 145 for the transverse sliding table 131 to pass through is also provided between an end of the first supporting rail 141 and an end of the longitudinally extending rail 143; namely, the gap between the longitudinal rail 122 and the first support rail 141 forms a first avoidance channel 145, the gap between the first support rail 141 and the longitudinally extending roller way also forms a first avoidance channel 145, and the two first avoidance channels 145 facilitate the guide rollers 177 and the supports 176 on the two sides of the transverse sliding table 131 to pass through.

Similarly, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the transverse rail 132 is provided with a corresponding transverse extending rail 144, the transverse rail 132, the second supporting rail 142 and the transverse extending rail 144 are sequentially arranged, and a second escape channel 146 for the longitudinal sliding table 121 to pass through is also arranged between the end of the second supporting rail 142 and the end of the transverse extending rail 144. And two second escape passages 146 for facilitating the guide rollers 177 and the supports 176 on both sides of the longitudinal sliding table 121 to pass through. The longitudinally extending rails 143 and the transversely extending rails 144 facilitate auxiliary support when the transverse sliding table 131 or the longitudinal sliding table 121 is located at the welding station C.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, in this embodiment, two second support rails 142 are U-shaped, and the corresponding wear plates 196 are also U-shaped (not shown), specifically, the second support rails 142 include an intermediate connection end, and a first connection section and a second connection section that are vertically connected to two ends of the intermediate connection section, and the three connection sections are connected to form a U-shaped structure; the U-shaped openings of the two second support rails 142 are arranged opposite to each other, one first support rail 141 is connected between the two first connecting sections, and the other first support rail 141 is connected between the two second connecting sections to form a rectangular structure; two ends of the outer wear-resisting plate 196 corresponding to the first supporting rail 141 extend outwards and are connected to the outer sides of the corresponding first connecting section and the second connecting section, the first connecting section and the second connecting section are correspondingly provided with short side plates, and the outer walls of the short side plates are provided with screw holes for mounting the wear-resisting plate 196 and grooves 195 or rabbets; the structure ensures that the longitudinal sliding tables 121 and the transverse sliding tables 131 can smoothly pass through the cross point (namely, the cross position) in the vertical direction.

The transverse rail and the longitudinal rail are disconnected and cut, the second supporting rail 142 and the wear-resisting plate 196 thereof are U-shaped, and the U-shaped supporting rail and the U-shaped wear-resisting plate are used for avoiding and compensating the longitudinal sliding table 121 and the transverse sliding table 131 at the cross intersection of the welding station C, so that the sliding passing performance at the cross intersection is ensured, and the position accuracy of mutual supporting, guiding and stopping is met.

As shown in fig. 11, the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism each include a rack 184 disposed on the base 11, and a gear 183 and a driving motor 181 mounted on the sliding base, the gear 183 is engaged with the rack 184, the driving motor 181 and the gear 183 are connected to the sliding base through a connecting base 182, the driving motor 181 is used for driving the gear 183 to rotate, wherein the rack 184 is mounted on the base 11 through a rack base 185, a cover plate 186 is disposed above the rack base 185, the rack 184 is exposed from the side, and the axis of the gear 183 is in the vertical direction. The rack 184 is fixed and drives the sliding table to move when the gear 183 rotates.

As shown in fig. 4, 6 and 12, the base 11 corresponding to the first preparation station a, the second preparation station B and the welding station C is provided with a buffer mechanism 16 for stopping the horizontal sliding table 131 and the longitudinal sliding table 121 in place; the first preparation station a and the second preparation station B are respectively provided with two buffer mechanisms 16, the welding station C is provided with two buffer mechanisms 16 corresponding to the longitudinal sliding table 121, the welding station C is provided with two buffer mechanisms 16 corresponding to the transverse sliding table 131, and the four buffer mechanisms 16 of the welding station C are close to the outer edge position, the longitudinal extension rail 143 and the transverse extension rail 144.

As shown in fig. 12, each buffer mechanism 16 includes a buffer seat 161, and a buffer and a limit block 164 installed on the buffer seat 161, a stop seat is installed on the corresponding sliding table, the buffer includes a buffer cylinder 162 and a buffer punch 163 horizontally installed, the buffer head 163 and the limit block 164 face the sliding table, when the sliding table moves in place, the stop seat abuts against the buffer head 163 of the buffer to achieve buffering, and stops until the stop seat 165 abuts against the limit block 164. It is of course also possible to provide sensors on the base 11 at positions corresponding to the various stations in order to detect whether the slide is in place, for example photoelectric sensors, proximity switches, etc.

In one embodiment, the overall assembly welding device 100 further comprises a first set of lift rollers (not shown, with reference to the set of lift rollers of the car turnover device 300) for raising and lowering the welded car to a height corresponding to the car conveyor for transport downstream of the car conveyor.

As shown in fig. 13, 14 and 15, in one embodiment, the ejection pushing device 200 includes a pushing mechanism 21 and supporting roller sets 22 located at both sides of the pushing mechanism 21, the supporting roller sets 22 are supported by a supporting frame for bearing the weight of the car, and the supporting roller sets 22 extend from the welding station C to the car turnover device 300; the pushing mechanism 21 includes a frame 210, a slide rail 212 disposed on the frame 210, a conveying slide table 213 mounted on the slide rail 212, and a conveying driving mechanism for driving the conveying slide table 213 to move along the slide rail 212, and a clamping mechanism 24 for clamping the carriage is disposed on the conveying slide table 213.

In this configuration, the carriage 700 is clamped by the clamping mechanism 24, and then the conveyance slide table 213 is driven by the conveyance drive mechanism to move toward the carriage reversing device 300, thereby conveying the carriage to the carriage reversing device 300. The carriage 700 is in a state of facing downwards on the piece-out pushing device 200; after being turned over by the carriage turning device 300, the carriage repair welding device 400 is in a state of being faced upward.

As shown in fig. 18, the clamping mechanism 24 includes a first chuck 243, a second chuck 246, and a driving assembly for driving the first chuck 243 and the second chuck 246 to move toward and away from each other, the driving assembly includes a first driving cylinder 241, a first driving gear 244 and a first driven gear 245, the first driving gear 244 is engaged with the first driven gear 245, the first chuck 243 is fixedly connected with the first driving gear 244 and can rotate synchronously, the second chuck 246 is connected with the first driven gear 245 and can rotate synchronously, the tail of the first driving cylinder 241 is rotatably mounted on the conveying sliding table 213, the front end of the first driving cylinder 241 is hinged with the first chuck 243 through a connector and can drive the first chuck 243 to rotate, the rotation center of the first chuck 243 is the same as that of the first driving gear 244, the first chuck 243, the second chuck 246, the first driving gear 244 and the first driven gear 245 are all mounted on the chuck 242, the holder 242 is mounted on the conveying slide table 213.

Soft cushion blocks can be arranged on the opposite surfaces of the first clamping head 243 and the second clamping head 246, so that the front plate of the carriage is prevented from being damaged; in this example, in order to avoid damaging the car, a first stopper 247 is disposed between the first clamp 243 and the second clamp 246 to limit a minimum gap between the first clamp 243 and the second clamp 246; of course, the first detecting element 248 may be disposed on the holder 242 corresponding to the open position and the clamping position of the first chuck 243 to detect whether the first chuck is in place, the sensing element 249 may be disposed on the first chuck 243, the first detecting element 248 may be a proximity switch, a photoelectric sensor, etc., and the sensing element 249 may be a sensing block.

According to the structure, the gear pair is adopted to drive the two chucks to move close to and away from each other, so that synchronous movement is realized, the carriage front plate is conveniently and synchronously clamped, and the structure is simple; when the car is clamped by the clamping mechanism, the car is in a state of upside down (i.e. reverse to the use state), the clamping mechanism is clamped on the front plate, and the front side of the car is upward after being turned by the car turning device 300, as shown in fig. 13.

In this example, the frame 210 is provided with a base 211, two linear slide rails 212 are mounted on the base 211, the conveying sliding table 213 is supported on the linear slide rails 212, the conveying driving mechanism includes a driving motor 251 and a screw-nut pair mounted on the base 211, the driving motor 251 is connected with the screw rod 252 through a coupling, the nut is sleeved on the screw rod 252, and the nut is fixedly connected with the bottom of the conveying sliding table 213, so that the conveying sliding table 213 is driven to move back and forth through the screw-nut pair, and the carriage is turned back after being conveyed to the downstream.

As shown in fig. 14, 16 and 17, in one embodiment, in order to further push the carriage in place, the conveying sliding table 213 is further provided with a push supplementing mechanism 23, that is, the conveying driving mechanism and the screw nut pair form a first-stage push mechanism, and the push supplementing mechanism 23 forms a second-stage push mechanism.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 16, the complementary pushing mechanism 23 includes a driving cylinder 231, a main pushing arm 234, an acting arm 237, and a second driving gear 235 and a second driven gear 236 engaged with each other, wherein the main pushing arm 234 is connected to the second driving gear 235 and can rotate synchronously, the acting arm 237 is connected to the second driven gear 236 and can rotate synchronously, and a pushing frame 238 for complementary pushing the carriage is provided on the acting arm 237; the main pushing arm 234, the acting arm 237, the second driving gear 235 and the second driven gear 236 are all installed on the pushing seat 233, the pushing seat 233 is fixed on the conveying sliding table 213, the tail of the driving cylinder 231 is hinged to the conveying sliding table 213, the driving rod of the driving cylinder 231 is hinged to the main pushing arm 234 through the joint 232 and is used for driving the main pushing arm 234 to rotate, and therefore the acting arm 237 and the pushing frame 238 are driven to rotate through a gear pair formed by the second driving gear 235 and the second driven gear 236. Specifically, when the driving cylinder 231 extends, the main pushing arm 234 is pushed to rotate, and the main pushing arm 234 rotates and simultaneously drives the second driving gear 235 to rotate inwards, so as to drive the second driven gear 236 and the acting arm 237 to rotate inwards, at this time, the pushing frame 238 rotates forwards and lifts upwards, and the pushing frame 238 abuts against the rear of the floor, so as to push the carriage to move forwards. In this example, the driving cylinder 231 is an air cylinder, and in other embodiments, other power members such as a hydraulic cylinder may be used for the driving cylinder 231.

In this example, in order to increase the conveying stroke, the pushing supplement mechanism 23 is arranged at one end of the conveying sliding table 213 close to the carriage turnover device 300, and the clamping mechanism 24 is arranged at one end of the conveying sliding table 213 close to the welding station C; the complementary pushing mechanism 23 has a working position and a folding position, when in the folding position, the positions of the acting arm 237 and the pushing frame 238 are lower than the carriage, and the carriage can be avoided, so that the carriage can pass through the pushing frame 238 until the bottom plate is positioned at the front side of the pushing frame 238; when in the working position, the push frame 238 abuts against the rear of the floor of the car, pushing the car forward. In this example, the push frame 238 includes a cross bar and two push rods connected to the cross bar, and other embodiments may be configured differently depending on the car.

In one embodiment, the supplementary pushing mechanism 23 further includes a limiting structure 239 for limiting the maximum rotation range of the main pushing arm 234 or the acting arm 237, the limiting structure 239 is a second limiting block, and the second limiting block is mounted on the pushing base 233, located between the main pushing arm 234 and the acting arm 237, and located above the side of the main pushing arm 234, so as to ensure that the rotation angle and the pushing stroke meet the requirements.

The complementary pushing mechanism 23 is further provided with a detecting element for detecting the rotation position of the main pushing arm 234, specifically, a detecting block 23a is provided on the main pushing arm 234, and a second detecting element 23b, such as a photoelectric switch or a proximity switch, is provided on the pushing base 233 corresponding to the initial position and the maximum rotation position of the main pushing arm 234 to detect whether the main pushing arm 234 reaches the position.

As shown in fig. 19 to 26, in one embodiment, the car turning device 300 includes a base 31, a turning shaft 34 disposed on the base 31, a turning frame 33 connected to the turning shaft 34, and a turning driving mechanism for driving the turning shaft 34 to rotate, the turning driving mechanism includes a motor 311 and a speed reducing mechanism 312, the turning shaft 34 is rotatably mounted on the base 31 and can rotate back and forth under the action of the turning driving mechanism, wherein a turning fixture for clamping the car is disposed on the turning frame 33, a counterweight 32 is disposed on the turning shaft 34 so as to be balanced with the turning fixture and the workpiece, and the counterweight 32 and the turning frame 33 are respectively disposed on two sides of the turning shaft.

The turning frame 33 comprises two connecting arms 331 and two brackets 332, each connecting arm 331 is of an L-shaped structure, the upper end of each connecting arm 331 is fixed with the turning shaft 34, the lower end of each connecting arm is connected with the brackets 332, the brackets 332 are horizontally arranged, and the turning clamp is arranged on the brackets 332.

Wherein, the upset anchor clamps include the left and right sides two sets of fixture that the symmetry set up, and every fixture of group includes: the supporting mechanism 36 for supporting the lower part of the front plate of the carriage (the lower part of the front plate of the carriage corresponding to the normal state that the carriage is open upward) is used for clamping the front plate clamping mechanism 38 on the upper part of the front plate of the carriage, and the front plate clamping mechanism 38 is respectively used for clamping the front plate upper beam clamping mechanism 371, the middle plate upper beam clamping mechanism 372 and the rear plate upper beam clamping mechanism 373 on the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the side plate upper beam of the carriage, wherein the front plate clamping mechanism 38 is fixed in position or can be adjusted back and forth.

In this example, in order to adapt to carriages with different lengths, the front clamping mechanism 371 and the rear clamping mechanism 373 of the side plate upper beam are respectively arranged into a front group and a rear group, and a group of second rear clamping mechanisms 374 is further arranged behind the rear clamping mechanism 373 of the side plate upper beam; each group of clamping mechanisms clamps the left side plate and the right side plate from the edge of the inner side of the carriage; as shown in fig. 22, each group of clamping mechanisms is similar in structure and comprises a clamping seat 37a, a clamping driving cylinder 37b mounted on the clamping seat 37a, and a lower clamping head 37c fixed on the clamping seat 37 a; the upper chuck 37d is rotatably mounted on the chuck base 37a up and down, the tail of the upper chuck 37d is hinged to the chuck actuating cylinder 37b through a connecting rod, and the upper chuck 37d is driven by the chuck actuating cylinder 37b to move toward or away from the lower chuck 37 c.

As shown in fig. 19 and 25, in one embodiment, a carriage stopper structure 39 is further provided on the outer side of the left and right groups of gripping mechanisms to prevent the carriage from sliding out of the clamping position in the left-right direction. The carriage limiting structure 39 comprises a supporting beam 391, and a limiting cylinder 393 and a limiting head 394 which are arranged on the supporting beam 391 through a limiting seat 392, wherein the limiting cylinder 393 drives the limiting head 394 to extend or retract, and stops at the outer sides of the left side plate and the right side plate of the carriage when extending to limit the carriage; the number of the limiting heads 394 is the same as that of the clamping mechanisms for clamping the left side plate and the right side plate, and the limiting heads are arranged in a one-to-one opposite mode to ensure the balance and stability of stress. In this example, a stop 395 is provided to limit the maximum distance that the restraint head 394 extends to avoid damaging the car.

As shown in fig. 21, the supporting mechanism 36 is used for supporting the front panel from the front and preventing the vehicle box from deforming and falling when turning over, and includes a first flat pushing cylinder 361, a supporting block 363 connected to an end of the first flat pushing cylinder 361, and a stop block 364 for limiting a maximum flat pushing stroke, wherein the stop block 364 blocks a side of the supporting block 363 facing the front panel, specifically, the first flat pushing cylinder 361 is installed on the roll-over stand 33, a flat pushing seat 362 is connected to an output end of the first flat pushing cylinder 361, the supporting block 363 is disposed on the flat pushing seat 362, and the stop block 364 blocks a side of the flat pushing seat 362 facing the vehicle box, as shown in fig. 21.

As shown in fig. 20, 23 and 24, the front plate clamping mechanism 38 clamps the front plate in the front-rear direction and includes a front clamp 388 and a rear clamp 385, one of which is fixed and the other of which is movable and can be pushed by an air cylinder. The position of the front plate clamping mechanism 38 in this example can be adjusted fore and aft to accommodate car clamping of different sizes.

Specifically, the front plate clamping mechanism 38 includes a slide 383 mounted on the bracket 332 movably back and forth by a slide rail 382, and an air cylinder 381 for driving the slide 383 back and forth, a front chuck 388 and a rear chuck 385 are mounted on the slide 383, and an air cylinder for driving the front and rear chucks to open and close is also mounted on the slide 383, so that the entire chuck mechanism can be driven by the slide 383 to move back and forth.

Specifically, the front chuck 388 is connected to the second translational cylinder 387, and a second stop block 389 is provided to limit an extension range of the front chuck 388; the rear chuck 385 is connected with a second clamping cylinder 384 and is driven to rotate by the second clamping cylinder 384 to be matched with the front chuck 388 to clamp the front plate; before the front plate enters, the second push cylinder 387 and the second clamp cylinder 384 are retracted to avoid the carriage; when the car is loaded, second racking cylinder 387 extends to bring the front clamp head into abutment with the front of the front panel and rear clamp head 385 is driven by second clamp cylinder 384 into abutment with the rear of the front panel to effect clamping.

The position of upset anchor clamps still is provided with about two sets of lifting roller set 30, and lifting roller set 30 goes up and down through cylinder or pneumatic cylinder drive to accept the carriage structure of the specification of co-altitude not, and can move to the clamping position that corresponds with the upset anchor clamps through lifting control and press from both sides tightly, wherein lifting roller set does not overturn along with turning device.

As shown in fig. 26, the lifting roller group 30 includes a lifting driving cylinder 302, a mounting frame 303 and a guiding mechanism 305, the lifting driving cylinder 302 is installed on a lifting base 301, a plurality of supporting rollers 304 are installed on the mounting frame 303, the lifting driving cylinder 302 is connected with the mounting frame 303 to drive the lifting driving cylinder to lift, the guiding mechanism 305 includes a guiding hole arranged on the lifting base 301 and a guiding column connected below the mounting frame, the lifting base 301 is fixed on a base, and the supporting rollers 304 are driven to lift by the lifting driving cylinder 302 and the mounting frame 303.

As shown in fig. 27 and 28, the carriage repair welding fixture 400 includes a first repair welding support 41 and a second repair welding support 42 for supporting a carriage floor, and a positioning assembly 43 for positioning the carriage floor, a transmission rail 52 is disposed between the carriage repair welding device 400 and the assembly line 600, the transmission rail 52 is disposed on the lower fixing seat 51, a transmission sliding table 55 is disposed on the transmission rail 52, and the transmission sliding table 55 is matched with the screw 53 through a nut, and is driven by a motor 54 and the screw 53 to move back and forth; the carriage repair welding fixture 400 is arranged on the transmission sliding table 55 and can move between a carriage repair welding station and a workpiece access port of the assembly and adjustment line 600 along the transmission track 52, and the carriage repair welding fixture 400 further comprises a lifting driving mechanism for driving the first repair welding support 41, the second repair welding support 42 and the positioning assembly 43 to move up and down.

As shown in fig. 28 to 32, the first repair welding holder 41 is mounted on the transmission slide table 55, the transverse slide table 44 is further mounted on the transmission slide table 55 through the transverse slide rail 45, and the second repair welding holder 42 and the positioning assembly 43 are mounted on the transverse slide table 44; the transverse sliding table 44 can be driven by a cylinder to move left and right; the first repair welding support 41 and the second repair welding support 42 support the front part and the rear part of the carriage floor respectively, and the positioning assembly 43 is used for being matched with a positioning hole in the floor to realize positioning.

The left and right sides of the repair welding jig are provided with limit brackets 46 for limiting the left and right positions of the carriage.

In this example, the first repair welding support 41 on each side is arranged in a left-right manner to adapt to carriages with different widths, and the corresponding second repair welding support 42 and the positioning assembly 43 can be adjusted in position in a left-right manner through the transverse sliding table 44, and can also adapt to positioning and clamping of carriages with different widths.

In this example, the first repair welding support 41, the second repair welding support 42, and the positioning assembly 43 are respectively provided with an air cylinder to drive the positioning assembly 43 to ascend and descend, and as shown in fig. 29, the positioning assembly 43 includes a base 432, a lifting air cylinder 431, a guide rod 433, a positioning seat 435, and a positioning pin 436, the base 432 is fixed on the traverse sliding table 44, the positioning pin 434 is installed on the positioning seat 435, and the lifting air cylinder 431 is used for driving the positioning seat 435 to ascend and descend integrally. The base plate is provided with a fabrication hole for the positioning pin 436 to extend into for positioning. The first repair welding support 41 and the second repair welding support 42 are driven to lift through an air cylinder.

As shown in fig. 29 and 30, in order to facilitate the positioning and clamping of the bottom plate, a mounting hole is formed in the center of the positioning seat 432, the positioning pin 436 is located above the center of the positioning seat 435, a locking block 438 is arranged in the mounting hole, the locking block 438 is movably arranged in the mounting hole in an up-and-down manner and transversely swung manner, a locking cylinder 434 is arranged on the positioning seat 435 and located below the locking block 438, a cylinder rod end 434a of the locking cylinder 434 is hinged to a lower end of the locking block 438 to drive the locking block 438 to move, a transversely extending pressure head 438b is arranged at an upper end of the locking block 438, a through hole for extending the pressure head 438b is formed in a side surface of the positioning pin 436, the through hole is communicated with the mounting hole, a guide groove is formed in the locking block 438, the guide groove 438a comprises a vertical section and an inclined section connected below the vertical section, a limiting rod 437 is transversely arranged in the mounting hole, the limiting rod 437 extends into the guide groove 438a, in the process that the locking cylinder 434 drives the locking block 438 to move, the pressure head 438b is switched to press the carriage floor and release the carriage floor through the matching of the limiting rod 437 and the guide groove 438 a; specifically, when the locking cylinder 434 drives the locking block 438 to move downwards, the locking block 438 moves to a straight section to be matched with the limiting rod 437, so that the locking block 438 rotates outwards until the pressure head 438b extends out of the through hole of the positioning pin 436, and the floor of the carriage can be pressed; when the locking cylinder 434 drives the locking block 438 to move upwards, the locking block 438 moves to the inclined section to be matched with the limiting rod 437, at the moment, due to the guiding limiting effect of the guide groove 438a, the locking block 438 rotates inwards until the pressure head 438b retracts into the positioning pin 436, and therefore the floor of the carriage is released. The structure is convenient for realizing the positioning and clamping of the carriage bottom plate.

As shown in fig. 33, the adjustment line 600 includes a plate chain 61 and a plate chain driving mechanism, such as a motor and a chain, for driving the plate chain 61 to transmit power, wherein at least one set of supports 62 for supporting the car is arranged on the plate chain 61; each set of supports comprises a front pair of supports 62 and a rear pair of supports 62, and a plurality of stations can be arranged along the forward conveying direction of the plate chain 61 and are used for accessory installation, inspection and other processes.

Each station can also be provided with a portal frame for installing a welding robot or accessory electric equipment and the like.

In the embodiment, after the bottom plate, the left side plate, the right side plate and the front plate of the carriage are clamped and clamped by the clamp, the welding robot realizes welding on the back surface at a welding station, the carriage is conveyed to the next station, namely the carriage turnover device, through clamping and turnover of the carriage turnover device, the carriage is turned over and placed on a repair welding clamp of the repair welding device, then welding on the front surface is completed through the repair welding robot, after the repair welding is completed, the carriage completing all welding procedures is transferred to a loading and adjusting line through the transfer mechanism, and installation, debugging, inspection and the like of subsequent accessories are completed on the loading and adjusting line, so that welding production of the carriage is completed.

The base is provided with a disconnected track, a plurality of side guide rollers and a supporting roller, so that the crossed flexible multi-station collineation of the two sliding tables is completed, the two sliding tables slide to a sequential welding station through the longitudinal sliding table or the transverse sliding table, the robot realizes automatic welding, and the welded sliding tables are conveyed to the next station through the conveying device. The transverse sliding table and the longitudinal sliding table can be alternately assembled, so that the problems of assembling of the carriage and slow welding beat are solved, and the production efficiency is improved.

The discharging pushing device is provided with a two-stage pushing mechanism, the carriage can be conveyed to the carriage overturning device from the welding station C under the matching of the clamping mechanism, the two-stage pushing mechanism is convenient for long-distance transmission, and the carriage can be pushed in place through the supplementing pushing mechanism.

The carriage overturning device can support and clamp the carriage through an overturning clamp on the overturning frame, so that the carriage is prevented from falling in the overturning process; carriage stop gear also plays the guard action, wherein to the tight a plurality of clamping mechanism that can adapt to different carriages that have set up of the clamp of left side board and right side board, the function that cooperation front bezel clamping mechanism can be adjusted around, wholly can adapt to multi-vehicle type carriage, increases operation rate. The overturning seat can be provided with a limit position, and the overturning frame is limited to rotate after being overturned in place, so that the alignment accuracy is ensured.

The carriage repair welding device positions the floor of the carriage through the positioning assembly, and supports the floor through two pairs of first repair welding supports and second repair welding supports to realize positioning support after the carriage is turned over; the first repair welding support has different specifications, and the second repair welding support and the positioning assembly are adjustable left and right in position, so that the device can adapt to different carriages. Thereby realize the welding of multi-vehicle type on the whole.

First benefit welds support, second benefit and welds support and locating component and can go up and down through the cylinder drive, when the transmission slip table removed the support position to the assembly line on, welds support, second benefit through the first benefit of cylinder drive and welds support and locating component and descend, can shift the carriage to the assembly line, convenient operation.

Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a carriage automatic weld production line which characterized in that: the device comprises a general combination welding device, a piece discharging and pushing device, a carriage overturning device, a carriage repair welding device and an assembly and adjustment line which are sequentially arranged along a production process;

2. The automatic welding production line for carriages according to claim 1, characterized in that: the total combination welding device also comprises two upper part assembling stations, wherein one upper part assembling station is provided with a longitudinal sliding table, the other upper part assembling station is provided with a transverse sliding table, and clamps are arranged on the transverse sliding table and the longitudinal sliding table; the longitudinal sliding table can move between the corresponding upper part assembling station and the corresponding welding station along the longitudinal rail, the transverse sliding table can move between the corresponding upper part assembling station and the corresponding welding station along the transverse rail, and the motion direction of the longitudinal sliding table is perpendicular to that of the transverse sliding table; and a first avoidance channel for avoiding the transverse sliding table and a second avoidance channel for avoiding the longitudinal sliding table are arranged at the crossed position of the longitudinal rail and the transverse rail.

3. The automatic welding production line for carriages according to claim 2, characterized in that: the number of the transverse tracks and the number of the longitudinal tracks are two; the welding station is provided with two first rails for bearing the longitudinal sliding table and two second rails for bearing the transverse sliding table, the first rails and the second rails form a rectangular structure in a surrounding mode, the first rails correspond to the longitudinal rails one to one, and a first avoidance channel is formed between the first rails and the longitudinal rails; the second rails correspond to the transverse rails one to one, and second avoidance channels are formed between the second rails and the transverse rails.

4. The automatic welding production line for carriages according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ejection pushing device comprises a pushing mechanism and supporting roller sets positioned on two sides of the pushing mechanism; the support roller set is followed the welding station extends to carriage turning device, push mechanism includes the frame, sets up slide rail in the frame, erects the transport slip table on the slide rail and is used for driving the slip table along the transport actuating mechanism of slide rail motion, be provided with the clamping mechanism who is used for pressing from both sides tight carriage on carrying the slip table.

5. The automatic welding production line for carriages of claim 4, wherein: the sliding table is provided with a complementary pushing mechanism, the complementary pushing mechanism comprises a driving cylinder, a main pushing arm, an acting arm, a driving gear and a driven gear, the driving gear and the driven gear are meshed with each other, the main pushing arm is connected with the driving gear and can synchronously rotate, the acting arm is connected with the driven gear and can synchronously rotate, and the acting arm is provided with a pushing frame for complementary pushing of the carriage; the driving cylinder is connected with the main push arm and used for driving the main push arm to rotate, so that the acting arm and the push frame are driven to rotate through a gear pair formed by the driving gear and the driven gear.

6. The automatic welding production line for carriages of claim 5, wherein: the supplementing and pushing mechanism is arranged at one end, close to the carriage turnover device, of the conveying sliding table, and the clamping mechanism is arranged at one end, close to the welding station, of the conveying sliding table; the complementary pushing mechanism is provided with a working position and a folding position, and when the complementary pushing mechanism is at the folding position, the positions of the acting arm and the pushing frame are lower than the carriage and can avoid the carriage; when the push frame is in the working position, the push frame is abutted against the rear part of the bottom plate of the carriage to push the carriage to move forwards.

7. The automatic welding production line for carriages of claim 5, wherein: the supplement pushing mechanism further comprises a limiting structure used for limiting the maximum rotation range of the main pushing arm or the acting arm, and the supplement pushing mechanism is further provided with a detection element used for detecting the maximum rotation position of the main pushing arm.

8. The automatic welding production line for carriages according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carriage turnover device comprises a turnover shaft arranged on the base, a turnover frame connected with the turnover shaft and a turnover driving mechanism used for driving the turnover shaft to rotate, wherein a balance weight is arranged on the turnover shaft, the balance weight and the turnover frame are respectively positioned on two sides of the turnover shaft, and a turnover fixture used for clamping a carriage is arranged on the turnover frame.

9. The automatic welding production line for carriages of claim 8, wherein: the overturning fixture comprises a left group of clamping mechanisms and a right group of clamping mechanisms which are symmetrically arranged, each group of clamping mechanisms comprises a supporting mechanism used for supporting the lower part of the carriage front plate, a front plate clamping mechanism used for clamping the upper part of the carriage front plate, a side plate upper beam front clamping mechanism, a side plate upper beam middle clamping mechanism and a side plate upper beam rear clamping mechanism which are respectively used for clamping the front part, the middle part and the rear part of the side plate upper beam of the carriage, and the front plate clamping mechanism is fixed in position or can be adjusted forwards and backwards.

10. The automatic welding production line for carriages according to claim 1, characterized in that: the assembling and adjusting line comprises a plate chain and a plate chain driving mechanism for driving the plate chain to drive the plate chain, and at least one group of supports for supporting a carriage are arranged on the plate chain; carriage repair welding anchor clamps weld the support and be used for fixing a position the positioning component of platform floor including the repair that is used for supporting platform floor, be provided with the transmission track between carriage repair welding device and the assembly line, be provided with the transmission slip table on the transmission track, carriage repair welding anchor clamps set up on the transmission track to can follow the transmission track and move between carriage repair welding device and assembly line, be provided with the lift actuating mechanism who is used for driving repair welding support and positioning component elevating movement on the carriage repair welding anchor clamps.