CN113244384A - 抗病毒组合物 - Google Patents

抗病毒组合物 Download PDF

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CN113244384A
CN113244384A CN202010149922.4A CN202010149922A CN113244384A CN 113244384 A CN113244384 A CN 113244384A CN 202010149922 A CN202010149922 A CN 202010149922A CN 113244384 A CN113244384 A CN 113244384A
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B·帕尔米耶里
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Abstract

本发明公开了抗病毒和抗感染组合物,其包含灭活的短小棒状杆菌细胞,所述细胞包含在含有透明质酸或其盐的基质中。本发明的组合物具有抗病毒和免疫刺激特性,并且可以有利地用于预防和治疗病毒和其它感染剂的感染。凝胶、液体或粉末形式的组合物可以通过吸入、局部或全身途径施用。

Description

抗病毒组合物
本发明涉及具有非特异性免疫刺激特性的组合物,该组合物可用于预防和治疗病毒感染,特别是由冠状病毒和/或流感病毒引起的呼吸道感染。
背景技术
作为预防和治疗病毒或肿瘤病理的免疫治疗工具,已经广泛研究了细菌活细胞或减毒细胞的施用。
特别是,分枝杆菌(Mycobacteria)和棒状杆菌(Corynebacteria)已经用于许多临床前和临床研究。
对于尚未开发出针对其的特异性药物的病毒引起的感染,免疫治疗方法仍然是首选,有时是唯一的方法。
例如,尽管最近已经开发出了有效的抗病毒药物用于治疗人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、丙型肝炎病毒和疱疹病毒的感染,但尚未有药物被证明对引起呼吸道感染的最常见病毒(例如鼻病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和流感病毒)以及对例如造成中国近期感染蔓延的冠状病毒或对导致一些最近的人畜共患病的病毒有效。
EP 681479公开了一种免疫治疗组合物,其包含任选地与糖胺聚糖如透明质酸组合的细菌、尤其是草分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium phlei)的细胞壁的水不溶性级分。然而,没有具体公开透明质酸,也没有提供关于其可能的作用的信息。
Cermeli,Palmieri等在Virol J.2011;8:141中报道了透明质酸(HA)的抗菌和抗病毒特性。作者得出结论,“HA针对RNA和DNA病毒(已知二者具有不同的结构(有或没有包膜)和复制策略)表现出的抗病毒活性谱提示存在非特异性的作用机制,可能涉及细胞膜-病毒相互作用步骤。动力学实验的结果支持这一假设。”然而,现有技术在整体上没有提供关于通过组合细菌和糖胺聚糖成功治疗病毒感染的可能性的肯定结论。
因此,需要改进的组合物,其可以预防和保护免受病毒感染,加速和减弱临床病程,降低死亡率和对器官如肺、肝、脾、肾、淋巴结等的实质组织的损伤。
发明概述
现已发现,通过将棒状杆菌细胞包含在含有透明质酸或其盐的递送系统中,可以显著提高棒状杆菌细胞的免疫刺激活性,所述透明质酸或其盐可以是天然或生物合成来源的、线性或交联的,或者是具有不同分子量(低分子量,通常为10至300kDa,和高分子量,通常为1000至6000kDa)的级分的复合物的形式。透明质酸钠是最常用的透明质酸盐。
因此,本发明提供了抗病毒和抗感染组合物,其包含灭活的短小棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium parvum)细胞和透明质酸或其盐。灭活的短小棒状杆菌细胞优选包含在含有透明质酸或其盐的基质中。
具体地讲,已经发现透明质酸发挥向性趋化性的机制,吸引用本发明的组合物治疗的个体的CD44+细胞(通常是白细胞、免疫活性细胞和成纤维细胞)。此外,鉴于其亲水的特性,透明质酸在其结构中吸引水分子并随之发生溶胀,从而促进免疫细胞的活力和与捕获在基质内的病毒颗粒的接触。因此,通过病毒、免疫细胞和免疫原性棒状杆菌细胞的紧密接触增强了杀病毒效果。
透明质酸或其盐的种类(分子量、线性或交联的)的选择使得可以控制在生物体内的停留时间,例如从几天至几周,增强临床功效并促进破坏病毒单位的新的免疫活性细胞的连续流入。
本发明组合物中的透明质酸不同于制备疫苗所用的常规佐剂,因为它自身也发挥抗病毒活性,作为增强剂与棒状杆菌细胞协同作用,在短时间内确定最佳的保护/预防结果,甚至可以治愈全面的感染。
发明详述
优选的短小棒状杆菌菌株的保藏号为NCTC 10390,可从伦敦Colindale的国家典型培养物保藏中心获得。细菌保藏:NTC号:0387。
国家典型培养物保藏中心,Porton Down,Salisbury,UK以及ATCC。可以有利地同时使用一种或多种菌株。作为全细胞的替代物或与其组合,也可以使用细菌细胞壁的级分,例如EP 2900274中公开的命名为p40的级分,或包含DNA或RNA级分的细菌提取物。
短小棒状杆菌的免疫刺激活性可以通过佐剂例如微晶L-酪氨酸或其聚合物、粘多糖、硒和其它微量元素进一步增强。
优选通过常规方法如用苯酚或甲醛处理或通过热或渗透压休克使细胞失活。组合物的每个剂量中的细胞计数通常包含2x 106至5x 109个细胞,通常对应于2-7mg的细菌量。较低计数将优选用于吸入途径。
低分子量透明质酸或玻尿酸具有10至300kDa,优选20至150kDa,更优选50至100kDa的平均分子量Mw。
高分子量透明质酸或玻尿酸具有1000至6000kDa,优选1000至4500kDa,更优选1000至3500kDa的平均分子量Mw。
除了线性透明质酸,也可以使用交联的形式。交联透明质酸衍生物是可商购获得的,或者可以通过已知方法制备,例如在Carbohydrate Polymers,85,(2011),469-489中公开的那些。
WO 2012032151中公开的高分子量透明质酸和低分子量透明质酸的复合物也可方便地使用。
透明质酸或其盐的剂量可以在很宽的范围内变化,并且最终由组合物的所需物理形式(液体、凝胶、粉末、喷雾)决定。对于吸入途径,该量通常为20至40mg,对于液体/凝胶形式,该量通常为40至100mg/ml。鉴于透明质酸的高耐受性,更高的剂量是可能的。
组合物可以是适于皮内施用的凝胶形式,或是适于吸入的微粉化粉末形式,其通过将灭活的细菌细胞(冷冻干燥或冻干的)分散在微粉化(20-40微米)透明质酸或玻尿酸的粉末中来制备。
粉末形式的组合物可以通过已知的装置吸入,例如那些已知的基于胶囊的粉末吸入器
Figure BDA0002402065360000031
和类似的装置。颗粒混合物被吸入到中低呼吸道,使沿呼吸树的细胞结构--从扁桃体Waldeier环(包含位于口腔中的淋巴细胞聚集体和淋巴样结构的链的结构)到气管和肺泡--敏化。
经间质液水合的粉末在粘膜上形成亲水性生物膜,吸引免疫活性细胞,将游离的病毒颗粒或病毒感染的细胞固定化,使它们暴露于由短小棒状杆菌通过树突细胞的免疫增强诱导的失活,通过吞噬作用将其清除,并通过细胞自身分泌的干扰素抑制病毒颗粒。
在预防方案中,粉末吸入允许在呼吸粘膜上形成涂层,提醒防御机制并防止病毒进入呼吸道上皮细胞,从而也防止病毒性肉芽肿性肺炎的扩张或其它实质组织的炎性损伤的发作。
对于预防目的,推荐每天吸入两次,而对于治疗,应每天施用三至六次,持续高达六天或更长时间。
本发明的组合物也可被吸收在适于插入鼻腔的海绵材料上。合适材料的实例是冻干的异种胶原。
可以将海绵插入每个鼻孔中,通过从外部按摩外部鼻子皮肤来定型。海绵将保持原位,直至其在清除了从鼻粘膜下层渗出的活的炎性细胞、中和病毒并防止其向其他组织/器官扩散后被裂解和溶解。
凝胶、液体或喷雾形式的组合物通过皮内或皮下途径施用,以诱导作为免疫防御的系统性刺激剂的水疱。
本发明的组合物还可以以洗剂、软膏、乳膏、凝胶、栓剂或胚珠的形式局部施用,用于治疗皮炎或由病毒引起的皮肤、阴道、肛门或耳部疾病。所述局部组合物还可包含角质层分离剂,例如水杨酸、维生素、表面活性剂、二醇或其它有用的试剂。在局部、皮肤或粘膜给药以抵抗局部病毒感染的情况下,其它合适的形式包括用于渗出性损伤或湿汗皮肤区域(例如腹股沟、腋窝等)的乳膏、凝胶、液体(奶)或喷雾剂或粉末。
如果需要,组合物可以同时通过吸入和肠胃外两种途径施用,并且可以同时进行,也可以分别进行,当需要最大和持续的保护时,优选皮内途径。
在局部炎性病毒感染如气管炎、支气管炎、间质性肺炎、肺泡炎、喉炎、扁桃体炎、咽炎的情况下,为了快速恢复呼吸功能的生理功能,吸入途径是特别适用的。
本发明组合物的特征在于其在对抗由不同类型的人类和动物致病病毒引起的感染方面具有突出的功效,这是在给药24-72小时后白细胞中的干扰素非常显著地增加的结果。同样,杀伤T细胞和巨噬细胞的数量和活性也增加了。
本发明的组合物还可用于治疗由细菌、原生动物和真菌引起的皮肤感染。
在以下实施例1中更详细地描述本发明。
实施例1-初步临床试验
对17名受不同来源病毒感染的患者用由在1ml透明质酸中的5,000,000个冻干灭活的短小棒状杆菌NCTC10390细胞组成的组合物进行治疗。给药方案和结果报告在下表1中。
表1
Figure BDA0002402065360000051
Figure BDA0002402065360000061
Figure BDA0002402065360000071

Claims (16)

1.一种包含灭活的短小棒状杆菌细胞的抗病毒和抗感染组合物,所述细胞包含在含有透明质酸或其盐的基质中。
2.按照权利要求1所述的抗病毒和抗感染组合物,其中短小棒状杆菌细胞包含在含有透明质酸或其盐的基质中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述细胞是短小棒状杆菌NCTC10390细胞。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述细胞通过苯酚、甲醛、热或渗透压休克灭活。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述透明质酸是高分子量透明质酸或其盐。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述透明质酸是低分子量透明质酸或其盐。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述透明质酸是高分子量透明质酸和低分子量透明质酸或其盐的复合物。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述透明质酸是交联的透明质酸或其盐。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的组合物,其为用于吸入的微粉化粉末的形式。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的组合物,其为用于皮内施用的凝胶形式。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的组合物,其为鼻海绵的形式。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的组合物,其为用于局部施用的洗剂、软膏、乳膏、凝胶、栓剂、胚珠的形式。
13.用于预防和治疗病毒、细菌、原生动物或真菌感染的权利要求1-12中任一项所述的组合物。
14.用于预防和治疗病毒感染的权利要求1-13中任一项所述的组合物。
15.根据权利要求14所述应用的组合物,其中所述病毒感染影响呼吸系统。
16.根据权利要求15所述应用的组合物,其中所述病毒感染由流感病毒或冠状病毒维持。
CN202010149922.4A 2020-02-11 2020-03-06 抗病毒组合物 Pending CN113244384A (zh)

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