CN113235036B - Preparation method of hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for machine-made sand - Google Patents
Preparation method of hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for machine-made sand Download PDFInfo
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- CN113235036B CN113235036B CN202110505286.9A CN202110505286A CN113235036B CN 113235036 B CN113235036 B CN 113235036B CN 202110505286 A CN202110505286 A CN 202110505286A CN 113235036 B CN113235036 B CN 113235036B
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical group CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/5607—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides
- C04B35/5611—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides based on titanium carbides
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/6261—Milling
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62802—Powder coating materials
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
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- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
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- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for machine-made sand, which comprises the steps of firstly preparing nano Al 2 O 3 Powder and TiC powder coated by pure Ni, and then NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy powder and nano Al 2 O 3 Mixing the powder and the TiC powder coated by the pure Ni through a plurality of additives to form mixed slurry, and then carrying out spray drying granulation on the mixed slurry to obtain spherical granulated powder with the particle size of 30-120 mu m; finally, coating the granulated powder on the surface of the high manganese steel matrix by adopting a plasma spraying synchronous laser remelting technology to form a wear-resistant coating by deposition; wherein the erosion and wear resistance of the coating is enhanced by adding pure Ni-coated TiC into the NiCrBSi coating; and the nano Al is processed by the method of the invention 2 O 3 The coating is uniformly distributed on the whole, so that the coating has higher hardness and better toughness; and the plasma spraying synchronous laser remelting technology is adopted to prepare the coating, so that the bonding strength between the coating and the matrix is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for machine-made sand, belonging to the technical field of surface engineering.
Background
In recent years, related equipment in the machine-made sand industry is continuously perfected, the sand making mode is from wet sand making to dry sand making, the sand making machine is from a traditional hammer-breaking sand making machine to an impact sand making machine at present, and the sand making equipment is changed from a covered area. However, in the face of raw materials with high hardness and abrasive indexes such as cobblestones and granites, key parts such as hammers and lining plates are impacted, extruded, sheared, ground and fatigued by broken abrasives, so that the parts are easily worn seriously to lose effectiveness, and are replaced very frequently, so that the production cost is greatly increased.
In order to improve the erosion-impact resistance of key parts of relevant equipment such as a sand making machine and the like, methods such as surface strengthening, adjusting process and the like can be adopted. The surface strengthening is the heat treatment processing of the surfaces of key parts, can improve the surface strength of the key parts, but has limited effect and can not completely meet the engineering requirements. The adjustment process means that in the production and manufacturing process flow of key parts, all parameters are corrected so as to obtain better wear resistance, but the improvement effect is not obvious and the innovation difficulty is high. Relevant research shows that Chinese patent with publication number CN110699629A discloses high-temperature erosion-resistant high-entropy amorphous powder for plasma spraying, a coating thereof, a preparation method of the coating and application thereof, and the main steps are as follows: (a) pre-treating a workpiece; (b) preparing a high-entropy amorphous powder material; (c) And preparing the high-entropy amorphous coating by adopting a plasma spraying process. Although the surface wear resistance of the coating is excellent, the coating and the matrix are mechanically embedded, the bonding strength is about 50MPa, and the coating is easy to peel off under the long-term action of a large impact load, so that the coating fails, and the base material exposed in a severe working environment is easy to fail. The invention patent with the publication number of CN104862640A relates to a preparation method of an anti-erosion wear-resistant coating of a slurry pump overflowing piece. The copper-clad nickel-based alloy powder is adopted, and is sprayed and deposited on the surface of a matrix by a cold spraying process to form a coating with the thickness of 0.05-2 mm, although the surface hardness of the coating can reach 1200-1500 Hv, the coating has a good protection effect on the aspect of small attack angle sand erosion abrasion, but the coating has high brittleness, and the main reason of poor protection effect is that the coating is peeled off due to insufficient toughness in the large attack angle sand erosion process. The related parts of the sand making equipment are easy to cause serious erosion and abrasion under the condition of frequent impact of high-energy silt to ensure that the service life of the sand making equipment is seriously shortened, and the sand making equipment needs to be frequently stopped and replaced, so that the safe operation of the equipment is seriously influenced, the working efficiency is low, and the production cost of enterprises is increased, and therefore, the research and development of a novel long-life erosion and abrasion resistant material under harsh working conditions such as erosion-impact and the like in the machine-made sand industry are urgently needed.
Therefore, how to provide an erosion and wear resistant material coating to coat the material coating on the surface of a machine-made sand component is a research direction of the industry, so that the component has better impact and wear resistance under severe working conditions of erosion-impact and the like, and the service life of the coated component is effectively prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for machine-made sand, so that the coating has higher density and hardness, and the bonding strength between the coating and a substrate is higher, thus the coated part has better impact resistance and wear resistance, and the service life of the coated part is effectively prolonged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for machine-made sand comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: mixing Al 2 O 3 Ball-milling the original powder and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ball-milled powderAl 2 O 3 Slurry and ball milled Al 2 O 3 Al in the slurry 2 O 3 The grain diameter is less than 50nm; during ball milling, alumina or zirconia ceramic balls are used as medium balls, the diameter of the medium balls is 1-10 mm, the ball milling time is 5-10 hours, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 50-250 r/min, and the ball-material ratio is (6-10): 1;
and 2, step: ball-milled Al obtained in the step 1 2 O 3 Drying and sieving the slurry to obtain the ball-milled nano Al 2 O 3 Powder is reserved;
and 3, step 3: performing ultrasonic cleaning on TiC powder in a dilute HCl solution of 5-10 mol/L and a dilute NaOH solution of 5-10 mol/L respectively, then cleaning by using deionized water, and adding the powder into a roughening solution to roughen the powder; the coarsening liquid comprises 20-80 mol/L of HF and HNO 3 50～100mol/L,NH 4 F1-4 g/L;
and 4, step 4: washing the coarsened TiC powder with deionized water, and then sequentially placing the powder in sensitizing solution and activating solution for sensitizing and activating treatment for 15-30 min respectively; then taking out, washing with deionized water, adding into a plating solution for plating, and finally obtaining pure Ni coated TiC powder; the sensitizing solution comprises SnCl 2 8-14 g/L and HCl 30-60 mol/L, the component of the activating solution is PdCl 2 0.3-1 g/L and HCl 8-14 mol/L; the plating solution is NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O main salt, N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O is a reducing agent, EDTA is a complexing agent, lactic acid is a buffering agent, and the PH value of the plating solution is adjusted to 8-10 by NaOH;
the weight percentages are as follows: 30 to 45 percent of NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy powder and nano Al 2 O 3 5-15% of powder, 3-10% of pure Ni-coated TiC powder, 1-2% of binder, 1-2% of dispersant, 1-2% of defoamer and 39-45% of deionized water, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
and 5: carrying out spray drying granulation on the mixed slurry obtained in the step (4), wherein the temperature of an air inlet is controlled to be 270-330 ℃, the needle feeding speed is controlled to be 20-80 seconds/time, and the peristaltic pump speed is controlled to be 20-50 revolutions/minute, so that granulated powder is obtained, and is spherical and the particle size is 30-120 microns;
step 6: and (4) depositing the granulated powder obtained in the step (5) on the surface of the high manganese steel matrix through plasma spraying and synchronous laser remelting technology to form a wear-resistant coating.
Further, in the step 4, the binder is polyvinyl alcohol.
Further, in the step 4, the dispersing agent is polyethylene glycol.
Further, in the step 4, the defoaming agent is n-butanol.
Further, in the step 6, the powder feeding rate in the plasma spraying is 5.35-6.95 g/min, the main gas flow is 5.5-6L/h, the moving speed of the spray gun is 30-45 mm/min, the spraying distance is 180-240 mm, and the cooling gas pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa.
Further, in the step 6, the laser remelting technical parameters are that the laser power is 460-520W, the scanning speed is 150-200 mm/min, the spot diameter is 1.3-1.6 mm, the lap joint amount is 10%, and the protective gas is argon.
Compared with the prior art, the method firstly prepares the nano Al 2 O 3 Powder and TiC powder coated by pure Ni, and then NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy powder and nano Al 2 O 3 Mixing the powder and the TiC powder coated by the pure Ni through a plurality of additives to form mixed slurry, and then carrying out spray drying granulation on the mixed slurry to obtain spherical granulated powder with the particle size of 30-120 mu m; finally, coating the granulated powder on the surface of the high manganese steel matrix by adopting a plasma spraying synchronous laser remelting technology to form a wear-resistant coating by deposition; wherein the erosion and wear resistance of the coating is enhanced by adding pure Ni-coated TiC into the NiCrBSi coating; and the nano Al is processed by the method of the invention 2 O 3 The coating is uniformly distributed on the whole, so that the coating has higher hardness and better toughness; the plasma spraying synchronous laser remelting technology is adopted to prepare the coating, so that the bonding strength between the coating and the matrix is higher; therefore, after the coating disclosed by the invention combines various advantages, the coating disclosed by the invention is applied to the surfaces of wear-resistant components such as an impeller and a lining plate of a sand making machine, and can be used for ensuring that the sand making machine is wear-resistantCompared with the coating in the prior art, the service life of the part can be prolonged by 3-4 times.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Step 1: mixing Al 2 O 3 Ball milling the original powder and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ball milled Al 2 O 3 Slurry and ball milled Al 2 O 3 Al in the slurry 2 O 3 The grain diameter is less than 50nm; during ball milling, alumina or zirconia ceramic balls are used as medium balls, the diameters of the medium balls are 1mm, 3mm, 5mm and 10mm, the ball milling time is 10 hours, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 250 revolutions per minute, and the ball-to-material ratio is 6:1;
step 2: ball-milled Al obtained in the step 1 2 O 3 Drying and sieving the slurry to obtain the ball-milled nano Al 2 O 3 Powder is reserved;
and step 3: performing ultrasonic cleaning on TiC powder in 6mol/L dilute HCl solution and 8mol/L dilute NaOH solution respectively, then cleaning with deionized water, and adding the cleaned TiC powder into roughening solution to roughen the powder; the component of the roughening liquid is HF 20mol/L, HNO 3 50mol/L and NH 4 F1 g/L;
and 4, step 4: washing the coarsened TiC powder with deionized water, and then sequentially placing the powder in sensitizing solution and activating solution for sensitizing and activating treatment for 15min respectively; then taking out, washing with deionized water, adding into a plating solution for plating, and finally obtaining pure Ni coated TiC powder; the sensitizing solution comprises SnCl 2 8g/L and HCl 30mol/L, and the components of the activating solution are PdCl 2 0.3g/L and HCl 8 mol/L; the plating solution is NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O main salt, N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O is a reducing agent, EDTA is a complexing agent, lactic acid is a buffering agent, and the PH value of the plating solution is adjusted to 8 by NaOH;
the weight percentages are as follows: 30 percent of NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy powder and nano Al 2 O 3 Mixing and stirring 15% of powder, 10% of pure Ni-coated TiC powder, 1% of binder, 1% of dispersant, 1% of defoamer and 42% of deionized water uniformly to obtain mixed slurry;
and 5: carrying out spray drying granulation on the mixed slurry obtained in the step 4, wherein the temperature of an air inlet is controlled to be 330 ℃, the needle passing speed is controlled to be 20 seconds/time, and the speed of a peristaltic pump is controlled to be 20 revolutions/minute, so that granulated powder is obtained, and the granulated powder is spherical and has the particle size of 30-120 microns;
and 6: depositing the granulated powder obtained in the step (5) on the surface of the high manganese steel matrix to form a wear-resistant coating by a plasma spraying and synchronous laser remelting technology, wherein the powder feeding rate in the plasma spraying is 5.35g/min, the main gas flow is 5.5L/h, the moving speed of a spray gun is 30mm/min, the spraying distance is 180mm, and the cooling gas pressure is 0.2MPa; the technical parameters of laser remelting are 460W of laser power, the scanning speed is 150mm/min, the spot diameter is 1.3mm, the lap joint quantity is 10 percent, and the protective gas is argon; the coating of example 1 was finally obtained.
Example 2
Step 1: mixing Al 2 O 3 Ball milling the original powder and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ball milled Al 2 O 3 Slurry and ball milled Al 2 O 3 Al in the slurry 2 O 3 The grain diameter is less than 50nm; during ball milling, alumina or zirconia ceramic balls are used as medium balls, the ball diameters of the medium balls are 1mm, 3mm, 5mm and 10mm, the ball milling time is 8 hours, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 180 revolutions per minute, and the ball-to-material ratio is 7:1;
step 2: ball-milled Al obtained in the step 1 2 O 3 Drying and sieving the slurry to obtain the ball-milled nano Al 2 O 3 Powder is reserved;
and step 3: the TiC powder is ultrasonically cleaned in 8mol/L dilute HCl solution and 7mol/L dilute NaOH solution respectively, and thenWashing with deionized water, and adding the deionized water into a roughening solution to roughen the powder; the component of the coarsening liquid is HF 40mol/L, HNO 3 70mol/L and NH 4 F2 g/L;
and 4, step 4: washing the coarsened TiC powder by using deionized water, and then sequentially placing the powder in sensitizing solution and activating solution for sensitizing and activating treatment for 20min respectively; then taking out, washing with deionized water, adding into a plating solution for plating, and finally obtaining pure Ni coated TiC powder; the sensitizing solution comprises SnCl 2 10g/L and 40mol/L HCl, and the components of the activating solution are PdCl 2 0.5g/L and 10mol/L of HCl; the plating solution is NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O main salt, N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O is a reducing agent, EDTA is a complexing agent, lactic acid is a buffering agent, and the PH value of the plating solution is adjusted to 9 by NaOH;
the weight percentages are as follows: 35 percent of NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy powder and nano Al 2 O 3 10% of powder, 7% of pure Ni-coated TiC powder, 1% of binder, 1% of dispersant, 1% of defoamer and 45% of deionized water, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
and 5: carrying out spray drying granulation on the mixed slurry obtained in the step (4), wherein the temperature of an air inlet is controlled at 310 ℃, the needle speed is controlled at 30 seconds/time, and the speed of a peristaltic pump is controlled at 30 revolutions/minute, so that granulated powder is obtained, and is spherical and has the particle size of 30-110 microns;
and 6: depositing the granulated powder obtained in the step 5 on the surface of the high manganese steel matrix to form a wear-resistant coating by a plasma spraying and synchronous laser remelting technology, wherein the powder feeding rate in the plasma spraying is 6g/min, the main gas flow is 5.5L/h, the moving speed of a spray gun is 35mm/min, the spraying distance is 200mm, and the cooling gas pressure is 0.3MPa; the technical parameters of laser remelting are that the laser power is 480W, the scanning speed is 160mm/min, the spot diameter is 1.4mm, the lap joint quantity is 10 percent, and the protective gas is argon; the coating of example 2 was finally obtained.
Example 3
Step 1: mixing Al 2 O 3 Performing ball milling on the original powder and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ball-milled powderAl 2 O 3 Slurry and ball milled Al 2 O 3 Al in the slurry 2 O 3 The grain diameter is less than 50nm; during ball milling, alumina or zirconia ceramic balls are used as medium balls, the ball diameters of the medium balls are 1mm, 3mm, 5mm and 10mm, the ball milling time is 6 hours, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 100 revolutions per minute, and the ball-material ratio is 8:1;
step 2: ball-milled Al obtained in the step 1 2 O 3 Drying and sieving the slurry to obtain the ball-milled nano Al 2 O 3 Powder is reserved;
and step 3: performing ultrasonic cleaning on TiC powder in 9mol/L dilute HCl solution and 6mol/L dilute NaOH solution respectively, then cleaning with deionized water, and adding the cleaned TiC powder into roughening solution to roughen the powder; the component of the coarsening liquid is HF 60mol/L, HNO 3 80mol/L and NH 4 F3 g/L;
and 4, step 4: washing the coarsened TiC powder with deionized water, and then sequentially placing the powder in sensitizing solution and activating solution for sensitizing and activating treatment for 25min respectively; then taking out, washing with deionized water, adding into a plating solution for plating, and finally obtaining pure Ni coated TiC powder; the sensitizing solution comprises SnCl 2 12g/L and 50mol/L HCl, and the activating solution comprises PdCl 2 0.8g/L and HCl 12 mol/L; the plating solution is NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O main salt, N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O is a reducing agent, EDTA is a complexing agent, lactic acid is a buffering agent, and the PH value of the plating solution is adjusted to 9 by NaOH;
the weight percentages are as follows: 40 percent of NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy powder and nano Al 2 O 3 The powder is 10 percent, the pure Ni coated TiC powder is 5 percent, the binder is 2 percent, the dispersant is 2 percent, the defoamer is 2 percent and the deionized water is 39 percent, and the mixed slurry is obtained after uniform mixing and stirring;
and 5: carrying out spray drying granulation on the mixed slurry obtained in the step (4), wherein the temperature of an air inlet is controlled to be 290 ℃, the needle passing speed is 60 seconds/time, and the speed of a peristaltic pump is 40 revolutions/minute, so that granulated powder is obtained, and the granulated powder is spherical and has the particle size of 40-110 microns;
step 6: depositing the granulated powder obtained in the step 5 on the surface of the high manganese steel matrix to form a wear-resistant coating by a plasma spraying and synchronous laser remelting technology, wherein the powder feeding rate in the plasma spraying is 6.55g/min, the main gas flow is 6L/h, the moving speed of a spray gun is 40mm/min, the spraying distance is 220mm, and the cooling gas pressure is 0.4MPa; the technical parameters of laser remelting are that the laser power is 500W, the scanning speed is 180mm/min, the spot diameter is 1.5mm, the lap joint quantity is 10 percent, and the protective gas is argon; the coating of example 3 was finally obtained.
Example 4
Step 1: mixing Al 2 O 3 Ball milling the original powder and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ball milled Al 2 O 3 Slurry and ball milled Al 2 O 3 Al in the slurry 2 O 3 The grain diameter is less than 50nm; during ball milling, alumina or zirconia ceramic balls are used as medium balls, the ball diameters of the medium balls are 1mm, 3mm, 5mm and 10mm, the ball milling time is 5 hours, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 50 revolutions per minute, and the ball-material ratio is 10;
step 2: ball-milled Al obtained in step 1 2 O 3 Drying and sieving the slurry to obtain the ball-milled nano Al 2 O 3 Powder is reserved;
and step 3: performing ultrasonic cleaning on TiC powder in a dilute HCl solution of 5mol/L and a dilute NaOH solution of 9mol/L respectively, then cleaning by using deionized water, and adding the cleaned TiC powder into a roughening solution to roughen the powder; the component of the roughening liquid is HF 80mol/L, HNO 3 100mol/L and NH 4 F4 g/L;
and 4, step 4: washing the coarsened TiC powder with deionized water, and then sequentially placing the powder in sensitizing solution and activating solution for sensitizing and activating treatment for 30min respectively; then taking out, washing with deionized water, adding into a plating solution for plating, and finally obtaining pure Ni coated TiC powder; the sensitizing solution comprises SnCl 2 14g/L and HCl 60mol/L, and the components of the activating solution are PdCl 2 1g/L and 14mol/L of HCl; the plating solution is NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O main salt, N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O is a reducing agent and EDTA isComplexing agent, lactic acid as buffering agent, naOH for regulating pH of the plating solution to 10;
the weight percentages are as follows: 45 percent of NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy powder and nano Al 2 O 3 5% of powder, 3% of pure Ni-coated TiC powder, 2% of binder, 2% of dispersant, 2% of defoamer and 41% of deionized water, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
and 5: carrying out spray drying granulation on the mixed slurry obtained in the step (4), wherein the temperature of an air inlet is controlled at 270 ℃, the needle passing speed is 80 seconds/time, and the speed of a peristaltic pump is 50 revolutions/minute, so that granulated powder is obtained, and is spherical and has the particle size of 30-120 mu m;
and 6: depositing the granulated powder obtained in the step 5 on the surface of the high manganese steel matrix to form a wear-resistant coating by a plasma spraying and synchronous laser remelting technology, wherein the powder feeding rate in the plasma spraying is 6.95g/min, the main gas flow is 6L/h, the moving speed of a spray gun is 45mm/min, the spraying distance is 240mm, and the cooling gas pressure is 0.5MPa; the technical parameters of laser remelting are that the laser power is 520W, the scanning speed is 200mm/min, the spot diameter is 1.6mm, the lap joint quantity is 10 percent, and the protective gas is argon; the coating of example 3 was finally obtained.
And (3) performance verification:
the coatings of examples 1 to 4 were tested for their bonding strength to a high manganese steel substrate and their surface hardness of the respective coatings, as shown in table 1;
table 1:
as can be seen from Table 1, the bonding strength of the coatings of examples 1 to 4 and the high manganese steel substrate exceeds 200MPa, which is much higher than about 50MPa in the prior art, and the surface hardness of the coatings of examples 1 to 4 can reach about 1000HV, so that the invention adopts a soft-hard synergistically enhanced wear-resistant coating design strategy, and the plasma spraying and synchronous laser remelting technology is utilized to enable element diffusion and reaction to occur between a coating molten pool and the substrate, improve the coating compactness, improve the bonding strength of the coating and have better hardness.
The coatings of examples 1 to 4 and the coatings prepared by the prior art were placed at room temperature, and the wear volume of the coating surface of each example was measured using GCr15 pair of grinding balls, load 50N, rotation speed 50r/min, radius 4mm, and grinding time 20min, as shown in table 2;
table 2:
| wear volume (mm) of coating 3 ) | |
| Example 1 | 0.052 |
| Example 2 | 0.065 |
| Example 3 | 0.031 |
| Example 4 | 0.029 |
| Comparative example | 0.176 |
As can be seen from Table 2, under the same conditions, the wear volumes of examples 1 to 4 are far smaller than that of a comparative example and are only 1/3 to 1/6 of that of the comparative example, so that the service life of the wear-resistant part in a sand making machine can be prolonged by 3 to 4 times compared with the coating in the prior art by applying the coating of the embodiment of the invention to the surfaces of the wear-resistant parts such as an impeller and a lining plate of the sand making machine.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for machine-made sand is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: mixing Al 2 O 3 Ball milling the original powder and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ball milled Al 2 O 3 Slurry and ball milled Al 2 O 3 Al in the slurry 2 O 3 The grain diameter is less than 50nm; during ball milling, alumina or zirconia ceramic balls are used as medium balls, the ball diameter of the medium balls is 1-10 mm, the ball milling time is 5-10 hours, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 50-250 r/min, and the ball-material ratio is (6-10): 1;
step 2: ball-milled Al obtained in the step 1 2 O 3 Drying and sieving the slurry to obtain the ball-milled nano Al 2 O 3 Powder is reserved;
and step 3: performing ultrasonic cleaning on TiC powder in a dilute HCl solution of 5-10 mol/L and a dilute NaOH solution of 5-10 mol/L respectively, then cleaning by using deionized water, and adding the cleaned powder into a roughening solution to roughen the powder; the components of the coarsening liquid are HF 20-80 mol/L and HNO 3 50～100mol/L,NH 4 F1-4 g/L;
and 4, step 4: washing the coarsened TiC powder with deionized water, and then sequentially placing the powder in sensitizing solution and activating solution for sensitization and activationTreating for 15-30 min respectively; then taking out, washing with deionized water, adding into a plating solution for plating, and finally obtaining pure Ni coated TiC powder; the sensitizing solution comprises SnCl 2 8-14 g/L and HCl 30-60 mol/L, the component of the activating solution is PdCl 2 0.3-1 g/L and HCl 8-14 mol/L; the plating solution is NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O main salt, N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O is a reducing agent, EDTA is a complexing agent, lactic acid is a buffering agent, and the PH value of the plating solution is adjusted to 8-10 by NaOH;
the weight percentages are as follows: 30 to 45 percent of NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy powder and nano Al 2 O 3 5-15% of powder, 3-10% of pure Ni-coated TiC powder, 1-2% of binder, 1-2% of dispersant, 1-2% of defoamer and 39-45% of deionized water, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
and 5: carrying out spray drying granulation on the mixed slurry obtained in the step (4), wherein the temperature of an air inlet is controlled to be 270-330 ℃, the needle feeding speed is 20-80 seconds/time, and the peristaltic pump speed is 20-50 revolutions/minute, so as to obtain granulated powder, and the granulated powder is spherical and has the particle size of 30-120 mu m;
step 6: and (4) depositing the granulated powder obtained in the step (5) on the surface of the high manganese steel matrix through plasma spraying and synchronous laser remelting technology to form a wear-resistant coating.
2. The method for preparing the hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for the machine-made sand according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the binder is polyvinyl alcohol.
3. The method for preparing the hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for the machine-made sand according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the dispersant is polyethylene glycol.
4. The method for preparing the hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for the machine-made sand according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the defoaming agent is n-butanol.
5. The method for preparing the hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for the machine-made sand according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the powder feeding rate in plasma spraying is 5.35-6.95 g/min, the main gas flow is 5.5-6L/h, the moving speed of a spray gun is 30-45 mm/min, the spraying distance is 180-240 mm, and the pressure of cooling gas is 0.2-0.5 MPa.
6. The method for preparing the hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for the machine-made sand according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the laser remelting technical parameters are 460-520W of laser power, 150-200 mm/min of scanning speed, 1.3-1.6 mm of spot diameter, 10% of lap joint amount and argon as protective gas.
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