CN108950538B - Preparation method of nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer - Google Patents
Preparation method of nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer Download PDFInfo
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- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1851—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material
- C23C18/1872—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1886—Multistep pretreatment
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
- C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer, which comprises the following steps of firstly, carrying out chemical nickel plating treatment on TiC powder to form nickel-Ni-coated TiC powder with a core-shell structure; then, ball-milling Ni-coated TiC powder and low-hardness nickel self-fluxing alloy powder; then, preprocessing the substrate and polishing the surface of the substrate by using abrasive paper; then, mixing the mixed powder with a water glass binder to prepare a paste, coating the paste on the surface of the matrix steel, and drying; and finally, preparing a nickel-based titanium carbide induction cladding layer containing the undecomposed TiC particles on the surface of the substrate by adopting an argon protection induction cladding method. The method solves the problems of incomplete melting of the cladding layer and incompactness of the structure caused by poor wettability of titanium carbide and nickel and large resistivity of the titanium carbide in the common nickel-based reinforced titanium carbide induction cladding layer, and has wide application prospect in the aspect of improving the wear performance of tools, dies and structural parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of induction cladding, in particular to a preparation method of a nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer.
Background
The major failure modes of tools, dies or machine parts during operation are wear, corrosion and breakage. And wear is one of its most prominent failure modes. Wear failure of tools, dies or machine parts occurs primarily at the surface. Improving their surface properties is the most important measure to improve their lifetime. Compared with other surface treatment technologies, the induction cladding technology has the advantages of high heating speed, less heat loss, high heating efficiency, no pollution, high processing quality, easy realization of automatic control and the like. Are often used for surface modification and surface repair of tools, molds or parts. At present, the Ni-based self-fluxing alloy has high hardness, good wear resistance and good high-temperature oxidation resistance, and is alloy powder which is most commonly used in an induction cladding process; however, the improvement of the wear resistance of the pure self-fluxing alloy powder is limited, and the powder is difficult to be used in the occasions with serious wear. In order to improve the hardness of the cladding layer, a certain content of ceramic materials with high melting point and high hardness are often added into a self-fluxing alloy powder system with low hardness to form a composite powder system. WC and Cr with good Ni wettability and low resistivity are generally adopted in induction cladding3C2Etc. as the reinforcing phase. However, WC and Cr3C2The friction coefficient of the reinforcing phase and metal is high, the hardness is low, and the wear resistance of the cladding layer needs to be further improved. The TiC reinforcing phase has low friction factor, high hardness, low density and good high-temperature stability, and is expected to replace the traditional WC and Cr3C2Is a composite coating of a reinforcing phase. However, as TiC and Ni have poor wettability and high resistivity, the defects of incomplete melting and more pores of the coating often occur in the induction cladding process. And the use of large induced currents can cause the substrate to be over-burnt or even melt and flow. At present, almost no TiC is adopted as a reinforcing phase to prepare an induction cladding composite coating. Therefore, how to improve the wettability of titanium carbide and nickel and reduce the electrical resistivity of TiC is a problem which needs to be solved in the preparation of the TiC reinforced composite coating by induction cladding.
Publication No. CN106180938A discloses a method for preparing a tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating required by a swing head of a swing mill by induction heating, and a WC-Co composite coating is inductively clad on the swing head of the swing mill under the protection of argon. China petroleum instituteThe institute of electromechanical science (Wangbaoyang) adopts an induction cladding method to prepare Cr 60 powder with different contents on a No. 45 steel substrate3C2-composite coating of NiCr material (Wangbaoyang, Kingshizhen, Chengdong, etc. induction cladding Ni-based alloy/carbide cladding layer structure and erosive wear performance, Chinese surface engineering, 2009,22(1): 42-45). None of the methods relates to a preparation process of an induction cladding TiC reinforced composite coating.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of the prior art, the technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a method for preparing a compact, crack-free and high-hardness titanium carbide induction cladding layer on the surface of metal directly. The method overcomes the defects of incomplete melting of the coating and more pores in the induction cladding process caused by poor wettability of TiC and Ni and high resistivity.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a preparation method of a nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning, coarsening, sensitizing, activating, chemically plating nickel, cleaning, filtering and drying the titanium carbide powder to form nickel-coated titanium carbide coated powder with a core-shell structure;
(2) mixing nickel-coated titanium carbide and low-hardness nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder, and ball-milling for 2-6 hours; wherein the low-hardness nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder accounts for 0-30 wt% of the total mass of the mixture of the nickel-coated titanium carbide and the low-hardness nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder;
(3) polishing a base steel plate by using abrasive paper to obtain a flat and smooth surface, and finally cleaning and airing by using alcohol to obtain pretreated base steel;
(4) preparing the powder subjected to ball milling in the step (2) and a water glass binder into a paste, coating the paste on the surface of the base steel pretreated in the step (3) to the coating thickness of 1-3mm, then placing the base steel coated with the paste in the air for 1-3h, after the coated surface is dried in the air, keeping the temperature of the base steel at 130-170 ℃ for 2-6h to volatilize the binder, thus obtaining a sample, and mixing the powder subjected to ball milling and the water glass binder according to the proportion of 4 g: 1-2m L to prepare the paste;
(5) selecting an induction cladding coil with the output power of 0-25KW and the frequency range of 30-80KHz, and introducing Ar gas to protect a sample; the distance between the sample obtained in the step (4) and the planar coil is 1-4 mm; preheating for 10-25s under the current of 200-300A to make the surface temperature of the coating reach more than 200 ℃, and then heating for 10-25s under the current of 700-1000A.
Preferably, the method for preparing the nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer further comprises a part or all of the following technical characteristics:
as an improvement of the above technical solution, the cleaning process in step (1) is ultrasonic cleaning under the condition of deionized water, then 10 wt.% of NaOH aqueous solution is used to degrease the TiC powder for 5-20min, then 10 wt.% of dilute hydrochloric acid is used to soak the TiC powder to neutralize the used NaOH, and finally absolute ethyl alcohol is used to ultrasonically clean the TiC at least once until the cleaned liquid is clear.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the roughening process in step (1) is to perform a soaking treatment on the TiC powder for 2-5min under the condition of ultrasonic waves by using a 5 wt.% HF aqueous solution to improve the surface roughness of TiC, and after the roughening is finished, clean the powder by using deionized water.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the sensitization treatment in the step (1) is that TiC powder is put into a mixed solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid with stannous chloride concentration of 80 g/L and concentration of 80m L/L for 10-20min and then is rinsed to be neutral by deionized water for many times.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the activation treatment in the step (1), TiC powder is put into a mixed solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid with palladium chloride concentration of 0.5 g/L and concentration of 30m L/L, then is repeatedly rinsed to be neutral by deionized water, and then is filtered, and is dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50-80 ℃.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (1), chemical nickel plating treatment is carried out, the activated TiC powder is poured into a plating tank with the temperature of 90 ℃ and the pH value of 4.5-4.7, the mixture is rapidly stirred, the pH value is detected every 5 minutes in the process, the pH value is maintained to be stable between 4.5-4.7 by adding ammonia water solution, the reaction is stopped after 15-20 minutes, after the plating solution is cooled, a circulating water vacuum pump is used for filtering, then deionized water is used for washing the composite powder for 5-6 times, the cleaned composite powder is placed into a vacuum drying box to be dried, the drying temperature is 70 ℃, and the drying time is 5 hours.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, the formula of the chemical nickel plating comprises 28 g/L of nickel sulfate, 32 g/L of sodium hypophosphite, 20 g/L of succinic acid, 18 g/L of D L-malic acid, 0.001 g/L of thiourea.
As an improvement of the technical scheme, in the step (1), the chemical nickel plating treatment can be repeated for a plurality of times, and the thickness of the nickel plating layer after the chemical nickel plating treatment is 1-10 μm.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. a nickel-based titanium carbide induction cladding layer with undecomposed titanium carbide particles was obtained.
2. The cladding layer is compact and has no cracks.
3. The invention is used for strengthening the surfaces of various tools, dies and structural parts, and is particularly suitable for prolonging the service lives of the tools, dies and parts with serious abrasion.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the contents of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with the preferred embodiments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a Ni-coated TiC powder cross-section obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2(a) is a surface scanning electron micrograph of the Ni-coated TiC powder obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2(b) is an EDS spectrum of the Ni-coated TiC powder obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic cross-section of an induction cladding layer of Ni-coated TiC + Ni60A obtained in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic cross-section of an TiC + Ni60A induction cladding layer without cladding TiC obtained in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a surface XRD pattern of the Ni-coated TiC + Ni60A induction cladding layer obtained in example 1;
FIG. 6(a) is a scanning electron micrograph of undecomposed TiC particles in the Ni-coated TiC + Ni60A induction cladding layer obtained in example 1;
FIG. 6(b) is a line scan pattern of the non-decomposed TiC particles in the Ni-coated TiC + Ni60A induction cladding layer obtained in example 1;
FIG. 7 is a sectional hardness diagram of the Ni-coated TiC + Ni60A induction cladding layer obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which, when taken in conjunction with the drawings, illustrate by way of example the principles of the invention.
The chemical raw materials used in the invention are all industrial grade products.
The observation method of the nickel-coated titanium carbide powder comprises the following steps: the morphology of the Ni-coated TiC powder was observed by a NOVA 400NanoSEM type field emission scanning electron microscope with an energy spectrometer and the composition thereof was analyzed (as shown in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2(a) and 2 (b)).
Method for analyzing coating phase by using X' Pert PRO MPDX ray diffractometer (Cu-K α X-ray source, Cu-K X-,
The phase of the induction cladding layer surface was analyzed with a step size of 0.02 °, a scanning range of 2 θ of 10 ° -90 °, and a scanning speed of 1.2 °/min (as shown in fig. 5).
The coating morphology observation method comprises the following steps: metallographic observation of the cross section of the induction cladding layer was carried out using an Axio Scope A1(Carl Zeiss) type optical microscope (as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4), and the morphology of the cross section of the induction cladding layer was observed and analyzed using a NOVA 400NanoSEM type field emission scanning electron microscope with an energy spectrometer (as shown in FIGS. 6(a) and 6 (b)).
The method for testing the section hardness of the coating comprises the following steps: the cross-sectional hardness of the test piece was measured by means of an Angstrom HV-1000 microhardness tester under a load of 500g for 10s at 5 points at the same distance every 0.1mm from the surface, and the average value thereof was taken as the microhardness at that depth (as shown in FIG. 7).
Example 1
A preparation method of a nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of firstly cleaning TiC powder, firstly carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the TiC powder by using deionized water, then carrying out degreasing treatment on the TiC powder by using 10 wt.% of NaOH for 10min, then carrying out soaking treatment on the TiC powder by using 10 wt.% of dilute hydrochloric acid to neutralize the NaOH in the previous step, finally carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the TiC by using absolute ethyl alcohol until the liquid is clear after cleaning, then carrying out coarsening treatment on the TiC powder, carrying out soaking treatment on the TiC powder for 3min under the ultrasonic condition by using 5 wt.% of HF solution to improve the surface roughness, after the coarsening is finished, cleaning the TiC powder by using deionized water, carrying out sensitization treatment on the TiC powder, placing the TiC powder into a mixed solution of 80 g/5639 stannous chloride and 80m L/L concentrated hydrochloric acid for 15min, then rinsing the TiC powder for multiple times to be neutral by using deionized water, then carrying out activation treatment on the TiC powder, placing the TiC powder into a mixed solution of 0.5 g/L palladium chloride and 30m L/L concentrated hydrochloric acid, placing the powder into a mixed solution of 0.001-90 g/6 th of sulfuric acid, carrying out drying, drying the TiC powder for 5 g/3 g of a composite nickel sulfate plating solution, drying process, and keeping the pH of a pH 7-6, and drying process, and drying the TiC powder, and drying process, wherein the pH of the composite nickel plating solution is carried out the drying process, the composite nickel plating process is carried out the drying process, the drying process is carried.
(2) Mixing Ni60A powder and nickel-coated TiC powder according to the mass ratio of 19: 1, mixing and ball milling for 2 hours.
(3) And (3) carrying out stress relief, vacuum hardening and secondary tempering heat treatment on the substrate H13 steel plate, then polishing the substrate H13 steel plate by using sand paper to obtain a smooth surface, and finally cleaning the substrate H13 steel plate by using alcohol and airing the substrate H13 steel plate for later use.
(4) Respectively preparing the mixed powder and a water glass binder into paste, dripping 6 drops (20 drops per 1m L) of the binder into 1g of cladding powder, coating the paste on the surface of a pretreated H13 steel substrate, keeping the coating thickness about 1mm, placing a prefabricated sample in the air for 1H, air-drying the coated surface, putting the sample into a vacuum drying oven, heating to 150 ℃, and preserving heat for 3H to volatilize the binder.
(5) The induction cladding test is carried out on HT-25AB high-frequency induction equipment, and Ar gas is introduced to protect a sample in the test process so as to avoid oxidation in the heating process. The distance of the sample from the planar coil was about 3 mm. The sample is preheated for 20s under the current of 200A to make the surface temperature of the coating reach about 220 ℃, and then heated for 15s under the current of 800A.
The induction cladding layer treated by the process has the following effects:
1. the cladding layer contains undecomposed titanium carbide particles.
2. The cladding layer is compact and has no cracks.
Example 2
A preparation method of a nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of firstly cleaning TiC powder, firstly carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the TiC powder by using deionized water, then carrying out degreasing treatment on the TiC powder by using 10 wt.% of NaOH for 12min, then carrying out soaking treatment on the TiC powder by using 10 wt.% of dilute hydrochloric acid to neutralize the NaOH in the previous step, finally carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the TiC by using absolute ethyl alcohol until the liquid is clear after cleaning, then carrying out coarsening treatment on the TiC powder, carrying out soaking treatment on the TiC powder for 2min under the ultrasonic condition by using 5 wt.% of HF solution for improving the surface roughness, cleaning the powder by using deionized water after coarsening is finished, carrying out sensitization treatment on the TiC powder, placing the TiC powder into a mixed solution of 80 g/5639 stannous chloride and 80m L/L0 concentrated hydrochloric acid for 15min, then rinsing the powder for multiple times by using deionized water to be neutral for multiple times, then carrying out activation treatment on the TiC powder, placing the TiC powder into a mixed solution of 0.5 g/L palladium chloride and 30m L/L concentrated hydrochloric acid, placing the powder into a mixed solution of 0.7 g/6 g of sulfuric acid, rinsing, carrying out filtration, drying the TiC powder in a sulfuric acid coating solution for a platinum plating bath for 5 g/6-6 g, drying process, drying a platinum deposition bath for a secondary drying process, drying a drying process, drying a platinum deposition process, drying process, wherein the TiC powder for a pH value of a platinum plating bath for 5-20.5-6 time is carried out a platinum plating bath for 5-6 deposition process, the TiC powder for a platinum plating bath for 5g, the platinum plating time of a platinum plating time, the platinum plating time of a platinum plating.
(2) Mixing Ni35 powder and nickel-coated TiC powder according to the mass ratio of 9: 1, mixing and ball milling for 3 hours.
(3) The method comprises the following steps of carrying out stress relief, vacuum hardening and secondary tempering heat treatment on a substrate 5CrNiMo steel plate, then polishing with sand paper to obtain a smooth surface, and finally cleaning with alcohol and airing for later use.
(4) Respectively preparing the mixed powder and a water glass binder into paste, wherein the addition amount of the binder is 8 drops (20 drops per 1m L) per 1g of cladding powder, coating the paste on the surface of a pretreated 5CrNiMo steel matrix, wherein the coating thickness is about 1.5mm, placing a prefabricated sample in the air for 1.5h, after the coated surface is air-dried, placing the sample in a vacuum drying box, heating the sample to 155 ℃, and preserving the heat for 4h to volatilize the binder.
(5) The induction cladding test is carried out on HT-25AB high-frequency induction equipment, and Ar gas is introduced to protect a sample in the test process so as to avoid oxidation in the heating process. The distance of the sample from the planar coil was about 2.5 mm. The sample is preheated for 15s under the current of 210A to make the surface temperature of the coating reach about 200 ℃, and then heated for 16s under the current of 900A.
The induction cladding layer treated by the process has the following effects:
1. the cladding layer contains undecomposed titanium carbide particles.
2. The cladding layer is compact and has no cracks.
Example 3
A preparation method of a nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps of firstly cleaning TiC powder, firstly carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the TiC powder by using deionized water, then carrying out degreasing treatment on the TiC powder by using 10 wt.% of NaOH for 15min, then carrying out soaking treatment on the TiC powder by using 10 wt.% of dilute hydrochloric acid to neutralize the NaOH in the previous step, finally carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the TiC by using absolute ethyl alcohol until the liquid is clear after cleaning, then carrying out coarsening treatment on the TiC powder, carrying out soaking treatment on the TiC powder by using 5 wt.% of HF solution under the condition of ultrasonic waves for 4min to improve the surface roughness, cleaning the powder by using deionized water after coarsening is finished, carrying out sensitization treatment on the TiC powder, placing the TiC powder into a mixed solution of 80 g/5639 stannous chloride and 80m L/L0 concentrated hydrochloric acid for 15min, then rinsing the powder for multiple times by using deionized water to be neutral for multiple times, then carrying out activation treatment on the TiC powder, placing the TiC powder into a mixed solution of 0.5 g/L palladium chloride and 30m L/L concentrated hydrochloric acid, placing the powder into a mixed solution of 0.7 g/6 g of sulfuric acid, rinsing, carrying out filtration, drying the TiC powder in a sulfuric acid plating bath for a secondary drying process, drying a drying process, wherein the TiC powder is carried out a drying process, the TiC powder for 5 g/3-35 g of a drying process, the TiC powder, the drying process is carried out a drying process, the drying process is carried out the drying process, the drying process is carried out the.
(2) Mixing Ni25 powder and nickel-coated TiC powder according to the mass ratio of 17: 3 mixing and ball milling for 4 h.
(3) And (3) carrying out stress relief, vacuum hardening and secondary tempering heat treatment on the No. 45 steel plate of the matrix, then polishing the steel plate by using sand paper to obtain a smooth surface, and finally cleaning the steel plate by using alcohol and airing the steel plate for later use.
(4) Respectively preparing the mixed powder and a water glass binder into paste, wherein the addition amount of the binder is 10 drops (20 drops per 1m L) per 1g of cladding powder, coating the paste on the surface of a No. 45 steel matrix after pretreatment, the coating thickness is about 2mm, placing a prefabricated sample in the air for 2 hours, after the coated surface is air-dried, placing the sample in a vacuum drying box, heating the sample to 160 ℃, and preserving the heat for 5 hours to volatilize the binder.
(5) The induction cladding test is carried out on HT-25AB high-frequency induction equipment, and Ar gas is introduced to protect a sample in the test process so as to avoid oxidation in the heating process. The distance of the sample from the planar coil was about 2 mm. The sample is preheated for 12s under the current of 220A to make the surface temperature of the coating reach about 210 ℃, and then heated for 20s under the current of 850A.
The induction cladding layer treated by the process has the following effects:
1. the cladding layer contains undecomposed titanium carbide particles.
2. The cladding layer is compact and has no cracks.
The raw materials listed in the invention, the upper and lower limits and interval values of the raw materials of the invention, and the upper and lower limits and interval values of the process parameters (such as temperature, time and the like) can all realize the invention, and the examples are not listed.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) cleaning, coarsening, sensitizing, activating, chemically plating nickel, cleaning, filtering and drying the titanium carbide powder to form nickel-coated titanium carbide coated powder with a core-shell structure;
(2) mixing nickel-coated titanium carbide and low-hardness nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder, and ball-milling for 2-6 hours; wherein the low-hardness nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder accounts for 5-30 wt.% of the total mass of the mixture of the nickel-coated titanium carbide and the low-hardness nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder;
(3) polishing a base steel plate by using abrasive paper to obtain a flat and smooth surface, and finally cleaning and airing by using alcohol to obtain pretreated base steel;
(4) preparing the powder subjected to ball milling in the step (2) and a water glass binder into a paste, coating the paste on the surface of the base steel pretreated in the step (3) to the coating thickness of 1-3mm, then placing the base steel coated with the paste in the air for 1-3h, after the coated surface is dried in the air, keeping the temperature of the base steel at 130-170 ℃ for 2-6h to volatilize the binder, thus obtaining a sample, and mixing the powder subjected to ball milling and the water glass binder according to the proportion of 4 g: 1-2m L to prepare the paste;
(5) selecting an induction cladding coil with the output power of 0-25KW and the frequency range of 30-80KHz, and introducing Ar gas to protect a sample; enabling the distance between the sample obtained in the step (4) and the planar coil to be 1-4 mm; preheating for 10-25s under the current of 200-300A to make the surface temperature of the coating reach more than 200 ℃, and then heating for 10-25s under the current of 700-1000A.
2. The method of preparing the nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein: the cleaning process in the step (1) is ultrasonic cleaning under the condition of deionized water, then 10 wt.% of NaOH aqueous solution is used for carrying out degreasing treatment on TiC powder for 5-20min, then 10 wt.% of dilute hydrochloric acid is used for soaking treatment to neutralize the used NaOH, and finally absolute ethyl alcohol is used for carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on TiC at least once until the cleaned liquid is clear.
3. The method of preparing the nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein: the coarsening process in the step (1) is to perform soaking treatment on the TiC powder for 2-5min by using 5 wt.% HF aqueous solution under the condition of ultrasonic waves to improve the surface roughness of the TiC, and clean the powder by using deionized water after coarsening is finished.
4. The method for preparing an induction cladding layer of nickel-coated titanium carbide according to claim 1, wherein the sensitization treatment in the step (1) is carried out by putting TiC powder into a mixed solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid with stannous chloride concentration of 80 g/L and concentration of 80m L/L for 10-20min, and then rinsing the mixture with deionized water for many times until the mixture is neutral.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the activation treatment in the step (1) is performed by adding TiC powder to a mixed solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid having a concentration of palladium chloride of 0.5 g/L and a concentration of 30m L/L, rinsing the mixture to neutrality with deionized water several times, filtering the filtrate, and drying the filtrate in a vacuum oven at 50-80 ℃.
6. The method of preparing the nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) carrying out chemical nickel plating treatment in the step (1), pouring the activated TiC powder into a plating tank with the temperature of 90 ℃ and the pH value of 4.5-4.7, rapidly stirring, detecting the pH value once every 5 minutes in the process, supplementing an ammonia water solution to maintain the pH value stable between 4.5-4.7, stopping reaction after 15-20 minutes, filtering the plating solution by using a circulating water vacuum pump after the plating solution is cooled, washing the composite powder by deionized water for 5-6 times, putting the cleaned composite powder into a vacuum drying box, and drying for 5 hours at the drying temperature of 70 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer according to claim 6, wherein the formula of the electroless nickel plating comprises 28 g/L nickel sulfate, 32 g/L sodium hypophosphite, 20 g/L succinic acid, 18 g/L D L-malic acid, thiourea and 0.001 g/L.
8. The method of preparing the nickel-coated titanium carbide induction cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the chemical nickel plating treatment can be repeated for a plurality of times, and the thickness of the nickel plating layer after the chemical nickel plating treatment is 1-10 μm.
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