CN102962447A - Titanium carbide metal ceramic powder and method for laser cladding of powder - Google Patents
Titanium carbide metal ceramic powder and method for laser cladding of powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN102962447A CN102962447A CN2012104734397A CN201210473439A CN102962447A CN 102962447 A CN102962447 A CN 102962447A CN 2012104734397 A CN2012104734397 A CN 2012104734397A CN 201210473439 A CN201210473439 A CN 201210473439A CN 102962447 A CN102962447 A CN 102962447A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal surface treatment, and specifically discloses a titanium carbide metal ceramic powder and a method for laser cladding of the powder. The titanium carbide metal ceramic powder consists of titanium carbide, lanthanum oxide and nickel 60. The method comprises the following steps of: putting the titanium carbide ceramic powder in a ball mill to be ball-milled for 15 hours to 20 hours, and drying the ball-milled powder; mixing the dried powder and water glass into a paste powder; coating the paste powder onto the surface of a test block to be clad to be flatly pressed, and drying naturally; cladding the dried paste powder on the test block by using a pulsed laser machine; flatly grinding the clad test block, carrying out the polishing treatment of the clad surface, and then cleaning with anhydrous ethanol; and carrying out the hardness test and the wear test of the test block. The cladding layer obtained from the invention has the advantages of strong high temperature resistance, strong wear resistance, high hardness, compact and uniform structure, uniform thickness, grain refinement, few pores and cracks, good surface quality and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of metal surface treatment technology, relate in particular to the method for a kind of titanium carbide ceramic powder and this powder of laser melting coating.
Background technology
Laser melting coating is a kind of advanced person's process for modifying surface, it is to utilize high energy laser beam to make to be added on the skin layer fusing of the material on surface and base material and form and have specific function and low dilution rate and be combined into the coating of metallurgical binding with base material, thereby can make the technology with the excellent properties material such as wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, anti-oxidant and high temperature resistant at general steel surface.Laser melting coating can in the high performance coating of cheaply material preparation, so it can reduce energy consumption, be saved cost.What laser melting coating formed is metallurgical binding, and therefore the bond strength than methods such as thermal spraying and electro-deposition, plating is high.Laser melting and coating technique has rapid solidification, characteristics that workpiece deformation is little, demonstrates wide application prospect in fields such as space flight, aviation, automobile shipbuilding, defence and militaries.
The coating of nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder cladding has good wetability, corrosion resistance, high-temperature self-lubrication effect.Ni-based self-fluxing alloy mainly is used in the member that the part requires wear-resisting, heat-resisting, corrosion-resistant and thermal fatigue resistance.The composite powder that self-fluxing alloyed powder and ceramic powders form is prepared the ceramic particle reinforced metal base composite coating by laser melting and coating technique, and composite coating combines the obdurability of metal, good manufacturability and wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, the high temperature resistant and anti-oxidation characteristics of ceramic material excellence.The cladding composite powder is the study hotspot in present laser melting and coating technique field.
Pore in the cladding layer, organize the bad distribution thick, that crackle, hard phase are arranged, cladding layer material solidification shrinkage and with the problem such as do not mate of base material thermal coefficient of expansion all be the present focus of research.Done the structure property that a large amount of research improves coating for laser melting coating titanium carbide ceramic Chinese scholars.By changing the cladding material prescription, increase material such as copper and the aluminium oxide of negative thermal expansion coefficient, increase toughness phase material such as the elements such as titanium, iridium.Titanium carbide has the characteristics such as high rigidity, high-modulus, high-melting-point, Thermodynamically stable thereby is widely used as the wild phase of composite, but titanium carbide is because fusing point is very high, power requirement to laser machine is high, and the fusing point of titanium carbide is high more a lot of than the fusing point of nickel and iron, cause the lap-joint of laser cladding layer structural heterogenity to occur, thereby cause tissue odds even, pore occurs.
At present, prior art adopts generated in-situ method cladding titanium carbide, but generated in-situ titanium carbide ceramic is mutually limited; Because the light wave of pulse laser machine is discontinuous, laser melting coating generally all uses the carbon dioxide laser machine, so the cladding of paired pulses laser machine research is relatively less; When the method for using synchronous powder feeding system and pre-coated was carried out cladding, the effects on surface shape had curved surface part cladding effect relatively poor, can introduce impurity with adhesive, affects coating structure.In sum, also there is not a kind of cladding of more perfectly carrying out integrating laser carbonization titanium ceramic powders of method at present.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that (one) will solve
The objective of the invention is, the method for a kind of titanium carbide ceramic powder and this powder of laser melting coating is provided, structural heterogenity appears in the lap-joint of laser cladding layer in the prior art to overcome, thereby the tissue odds that causes spares, has the problems such as pore.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of titanium carbide ceramic powder, it is comprised of 28% ~ 30% titanium carbide, 1% ~ 2% lanthana and 68% ~ 71% nickel 60 by mass percentage.
Preferably, described nickel 60 is by mass percentage by forming less than 3% carbon, 12% ~ 19% chromium, 2% ~ 3% boron, silicon, iron less than 6% and 67% ~ 86% nickel less than 2%.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of laser melting coating titanium carbide ceramic powder, may further comprise the steps:
S1. the titanium carbide ceramic powder is put into the ball grinder of ball mill, ball milling 15 hours ~ 20 hours is put into the powder behind the ball milling in the baking oven and dries;
S2. titanium carbide ceramic powder and waterglass after will drying are mixed into the pasty state powder;
S3. described pasty state powder is coated to treating on the cladding surface of test block, described pasty state powder is flattened, allow its natural air drying,
S4. with the pulse laser machine pasty state powder after air-dry in the described test block is carried out cladding;
S5. the test block after the cladding is put on the grinding machine and polishes, with polishing machine polishing is carried out on the cladding surface of described test block again, after the polishing, with absolute ethyl alcohol it is cleaned up;
S6. hardness test and wear testing are done in described test block.
Preferably, to be quick dissolved sodium silicate and water mix with the mass ratio of 1:5 ~ 1:8 the described waterglass among the described step S2, and quick dissolved sodium silicate fully dissolving in water.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the titanium carbide ceramic powder among the described step S2 and waterglass is 6:1 ~ 9:1.
Preferably, the applied thickness of pasty state powder is 0.6mm ~ 1mm among the described step S3.
Preferably, the laser power of the pulse laser machine described in the described step S4 is 400W ~ 450W, and laser facula is 2mm ~ 3mm, and sweep speed is 10mm/s ~ 15mm/s, and overlapping rate is 50% ~ 60%.
Preferably, the set of frequency of described pulse laser machine is 35Hz ~ 43Hz, and pulsewidth is 5ms ~ 7ms, and electric current is 100A ~ 120A.
Preferably, with HP-150A type Rockwell hardness instrument the cladding layer of test block is carried out hardness test among the described step S6.
Preferably, with the lever abrading machine cladding layer of test block is carried out wear testing among the described step S6, wearing-in period is 2 ~ 3 hours, tests out the wear extent of test block after the wearing and tearing.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention is with the high-melting-point of ductility, high strength and the ceramic phase of metal, the performance such as chemical stability combines preferably, the cladding layer that obtains has that heat-resisting ability is strong, wearability is strong, hardness is high, dense structure is even, even thickness, grain refinement, pore and the advantage such as crackle is few, surface quality is good, simultaneously, the present invention is simple to operate, save cost, can satisfy preferably society to the quality requirement of Treatment of Metal Surface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for laser melting coating titanium carbide ceramic powder of the present invention;
Fig. 2 be among the present invention the air-dry rear bonding powder of waterglass at the design sketch of microscopically;
Fig. 3 is organized in design sketch under the low-powered microscope after the cladding among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is organized in design sketch under the high-power microscope after the cladding among the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but can not be used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The titanium carbide ceramic powder of present embodiment is comprised of 30% titanium carbide, 2% lanthana and 68% nickel 60 by mass percentage, and wherein nickel 60 is comprised of 3% carbon, 19% chromium, 3% boron, 2% silicon, 6% iron and 67% nickel by mass fraction.
Embodiment 2
The titanium carbide ceramic powder of present embodiment is comprised of 28% titanium carbide, 1% lanthana and 71% nickel 60 by mass percentage, and wherein nickel 60 is comprised of 1% carbon, 12% chromium, 2% boron, 1% silicon, 1% iron and 83% nickel by mass fraction.
Embodiment 3
The titanium carbide ceramic powder of present embodiment is comprised of 29% titanium carbide, 2% lanthana and 69% nickel 60 by mass percentage, and wherein nickel 60 is comprised of 2% carbon, 16% chromium, 3% boron, 1% silicon, 3% iron and 75% nickel by mass fraction.
The element that adds in the described titanium carbide ceramic powder has effect separately, nickel can dissolve a lot of alloying elements, and can keep preferably structure stability, it can form the orderly intermetallic compound of coherence, makes cladding layer have higher elevated temperature strength; Chromium unit have solution strengthening and passivation, and it can improve decay resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance, unnecessary chromium easily with carbon, boron formation chromium carbide, chromium boride hard phase, thereby can improve hardness and the wearability of cladding layer; A small amount of silicon and boron element have deoxidation and reduction and slag making function, and coating is had the sclerosis invigoration effect; Titanium carbide is the main hard phase of cladding layer, can significantly improve hardness and the wearability of cladding layer; The lanthana of trace can crystal grain thinning, reduces pore and the crackle of coating, and the overall performance of coating is improved a lot.
The particular content of the method for the laser melting coating titanium carbide ceramic powder of the embodiment of the invention is:
S1. above-mentioned titanium carbide ceramic powder is put into the ball grinder of planetary ball mill, also the titanium carbide ceramic powder can be put into the ball grinder of planetary ball mill with an amount of absolute ethyl alcohol and an amount of ball milling pearl, the rotating speed of setting ball mill is 320r/min, ball milling 16 hours is put into the powder behind the ball milling in the baking oven and dries.Wherein, the ball crusher rotating speed can suitably reduce or increases according to actual conditions, Ball-milling Time also can be adjusted between 15 hours ~ 20 hours as the case may be, described baking oven can change drying box into or other can realize the device of powder for drying function, and described planetary ball mill is preferred version, and it can make powder mix, particle diameter diminishes, the water caltrop rust of particle, but it is not essential scheme of the present invention, and other similar ball mills are applicable the present invention also.
S2. the titanium carbide ceramic powder after will drying and waterglass are mixed into the pasty state powder with the mass ratio of 8:1, its ratio also can be adjusted into 6:1 ~ 9:1 as the case may be, to be quick dissolved sodium silicate and water mix with the mass ratio of 1:6 described waterglass, its ratio also can be adjusted into 1:5 ~ 1:8 as the case may be, the amount of quick dissolved sodium silicate can not be too many, sodium metasilicate will all be dissolved in the water just can carry out next step, and waterglass can not in air, expose too of a specified duration, in order to avoid waterglass is rotten.Adopt described waterglass to do bonding agent, adhesive effect is good, can make the bonding densification of powder, pore is few, can greatly reduce the pore of microstructure of surface cladding layer, and brings strong elemental silicon into, impurity level seldom can make the cladding layer even thickness when cladding has complex-curved part, and preferably surface quality is arranged.
S3. described pasty state powder is coated to treating on the cladding surface of test block, its applied thickness is 0.6mm ~ 1mm, with instruments such as iron plates the pasty state powder is flattened, then allow its natural air drying, can polish processing to the instruments such as sand for surface paper that are coated with the pasty state powder after air-dry, the overlay thickness that makes the pasty state powder is 0.5mm ~ 0.8mm, polishes processing can make coating surface smooth, even thickness, and can increase coating to the absorptivity of laser.
S4. with LSW-500 pulse laser machine the pasty state powder after air-dry in the test block is carried out cladding, its set of frequency is 35Hz ~ 43Hz, pulsewidth is 5ms ~ 7ms, and electric current is 100A ~ 120A, adjusts its technological parameter, export suitable amount of laser light, an amount of frequency and the pulsewidth that improves laser, making laser power is 400W ~ 450W, laser facula is 2mm ~ 3mm, sweep speed is 10mm/s ~ 15mm/s, and overlapping rate is 50% ~ 60%.Described LSW-500 pulse laser machine is preferred version of the present invention, this pulse laser is the Solid State Laser machine, peak energy is high, have enough energy fusing titanium carbides, laser wave length, cladding layer is high more a lot of than gas laser machine to the absorptivity of laser, can save cost, the frequency and the pulsewidth that suitably improve pulse laser can improve the surface quality of cladding layer and the uniformity of interior tissue, but it is not essential scheme of the present invention, and the pulse laser machine of other model is applicable the present invention also.
S5. the test block after the cladding is put on the grinding machine and polishes, with polishing machine polishing is carried out on the cladding surface of described test block again, after the polishing, with absolute ethyl alcohol it is cleaned up, these processing procedures can reflect the effect after the test block cladding better, for next step test is prepared, other can reach also applicable the present invention of processing method of same purpose.
S6. hardness test and wear testing are done in the test block after processing, with the hardness number of HR-150A type Rockwell hardness instrument measurement cladding layer, carried out wear testing with the lever abrading machine, wearing-in period is two hours, tests out the wear extent of test block after the wearing and tearing.
As Figure 1-3, among the present invention, the aerial condensation cure of waterglass is similar with the lime condensation cure, mainly realize that by solidifying two processes of dehydration crystallization along with the carrying out of curing reaction, silica gel content increases, be accompanied by the network structure that the evaporation of Silicagel dehydration and free moisture forms solid silica, so just can make powder in conjunction with closely, such as Fig. 1, make the pore of the front overlay of cladding lack a lot than methods such as pre-coated and synchronous powder feeding systems.Because formed the network structure of silica, during cladding, before can not make together the back lower nickel powder of fusing point together, the iron fusing of reuniting first, can make organizing of cladding layer more even, and the waterglass after air-dry has formed netted silica and the NaOH of minute quantity, element silicon is favourable element, the impurity of introducing with this cladding method seldom, so cooperate in this way titanium carbide ceramic powder of the present invention to make the microstructure of the coating after the cladding fine and close, evenly, crystal grain is thinner, the pore-free flawless and and matrix reached metallurgical binding, bond strength is good, such as Fig. 2-3.
Embodiments of the invention provide for example with for the purpose of describing, and are not exhaustively or limit the invention to disclosed form.Many modifications and variations are apparent for the ordinary skill in the art.Selecting and describing embodiment is for better explanation principle of the present invention and practical application, thereby and makes those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the various embodiment with various modifications that the present invention's design is suitable for special-purpose.
Claims (10)
1. a titanium carbide ceramic powder is characterized in that, it is comprised of 28% ~ 30% titanium carbide, 1% ~ 2% lanthana and 68% ~ 71% nickel 60 by mass percentage.
2. titanium carbide ceramic powder according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described nickel 60 is by mass percentage by forming less than 3% carbon, 12% ~ 19% chromium, 2% ~ 3% boron, silicon, iron less than 6% and 67% ~ 86% nickel less than 2%.
3. the method for a laser melting coating claim 2 or 3 described titanium carbide ceramic powder is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
S1. the titanium carbide ceramic powder is put into the ball grinder of ball mill, ball milling 15 hours ~ 20 hours is put into the powder behind the ball milling in the baking oven and dries;
S2. titanium carbide ceramic powder and waterglass after will drying are mixed into the pasty state powder;
S3. described pasty state powder is coated to treating on the cladding surface of test block, described pasty state powder is flattened, allow its natural air drying,
S4. with the pulse laser machine pasty state powder after air-dry in the described test block is carried out cladding;
S5. the test block after the cladding is put on the grinding machine and polishes, with polishing machine polishing is carried out on the cladding surface of described test block again, after the polishing, with absolute ethyl alcohol it is cleaned up;
S6. hardness test and wear testing are done in described test block.
4. the method for laser melting coating titanium carbide ceramic powder according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, to be quick dissolved sodium silicate and water mix with the mass ratio of 1:5 ~ 1:8 described waterglass among the described step S2, and quick dissolved sodium silicate fully dissolving in water.
5. the method for laser melting coating titanium carbide ceramic powder according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the titanium carbide ceramic powder among the described step S2 and the mass ratio of waterglass are 6:1 ~ 9:1.
6. the method for laser melting coating titanium carbide ceramic powder according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the applied thickness of pasty state powder is 0.6mm ~ 1mm among the described step S3.
7. the method for laser melting coating titanium carbide ceramic powder according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the laser power of the pulse laser machine described in the described step S4 is 400W ~ 450W, laser facula is 2mm ~ 3mm, sweep speed is 10mm/s ~ 15mm/s, and overlapping rate is 50% ~ 60%.
8. the method for laser melting coating titanium carbide ceramic powder according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the set of frequency of described pulse laser machine is 35Hz ~ 43Hz, and pulsewidth is 5ms ~ 7ms, and electric current is 100A ~ 120A.
9. the method for laser melting coating titanium carbide ceramic powder according to claim 3 is characterized in that, with HP-150A type Rockwell hardness instrument the cladding layer of test block is carried out hardness test among the described step S6.
10. the method for laser melting coating titanium carbide ceramic powder according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, with the lever abrading machine cladding layer of test block is carried out wear testing among the described step S6, wearing-in period is 2 ~ 3 hours, tests out the wear extent of test block after the wearing and tearing.
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| CN103602857A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-26 | 牛志宇 | Special alloy powder for continuous wave fiber laser cladding |
| CN103614720A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-03-05 | 范贺良 | Special cobalt-based metal ceramic powdered alloy for cladding process of continuous wave optical fiber laser |
| CN103866320A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-06-18 | 北京工业大学 | Method for improving nickel-based tungsten carbide laser cladding coat |
| CN104651830A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-05-27 | 华北电力大学 | Powdered material and method for synthesizing ceramic particle reinforced cladding layer on aluminum alloy surface |
| CN104878382A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-02 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Alloy powder for laser cladding and method for laser cladding alloy powder |
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| CN106319288A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-11 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Directly-introduced and in-situ generated TiC particle commonly-enhanced nickel-base composite and preparing method and application thereof |
| CN108950538A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of nickel packet titanium carbide induction cladding layer |
| CN114645158A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-21 | 江苏斯普瑞科技有限公司 | Composite powder material for laser surface strengthening of ball valve and application thereof |
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| CN103602857A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-26 | 牛志宇 | Special alloy powder for continuous wave fiber laser cladding |
| CN103614720A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-03-05 | 范贺良 | Special cobalt-based metal ceramic powdered alloy for cladding process of continuous wave optical fiber laser |
| CN103602876A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-26 | 张剑 | Special metal ceramic alloy powder for continuous wave fiber laser cladding |
| CN103866320A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-06-18 | 北京工业大学 | Method for improving nickel-based tungsten carbide laser cladding coat |
| CN103866320B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-05-18 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating |
| CN104651830A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-05-27 | 华北电力大学 | Powdered material and method for synthesizing ceramic particle reinforced cladding layer on aluminum alloy surface |
| CN104651830B (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2017-07-28 | 华北电力大学 | The dusty material and method of aluminum alloy surface synthesis ceramic particle enhancing cladding layer |
| CN104878382A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-02 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Alloy powder for laser cladding and method for laser cladding alloy powder |
| CN106319288A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-11 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Directly-introduced and in-situ generated TiC particle commonly-enhanced nickel-base composite and preparing method and application thereof |
| CN105420723A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-23 | 平高集团有限公司 | Laser-cladding material and preparation method thereof, aluminum bronze base surface modification material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105420723B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2018-11-02 | 平高集团有限公司 | A kind of laser cladding of material and preparation method thereof, aluminium bronze primary surface modified material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108950538A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of nickel packet titanium carbide induction cladding layer |
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