CN103866320A - Method for improving nickel-based tungsten carbide laser cladding coat - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving a nickel-based tungsten carbide laser cladding coat, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1, adding rare earth lanthanum oxide powder into nickel-based tungsten carbide coat powder so as to obtain a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.8% of lanthanum oxide, 40% of tungsten carbide and 59.2% of nickel base; putting the powder into a sealed container, and then putting the obtained product into a mixer to mix for 1-3 h; 2, carrying out laser cladding on common A3 steel as a base material after the A3 steel is burnished by using 400-mesh abrasive paper and oil contaminations on the surface of the A3 steel are erased by using an acetone solution, wherein the laser power is 1500-1800 W, the selected light spot width is 5-10 mm, the scanning speed is 1-2 m/min, the shielding gas is nitrogen gas, the gas flow is 15 l/min, and the powder feeding rate is 3-10 g/min.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser melting coating ceramic-metal composite field, is a kind of technique and method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating, relates in particular to a kind of laser metal ceramal powder and preparation method thereof and melting and coating process.
Background technology
In modern daily life and industrial production, the attrition and attack of metallic substance there will be in every field, one of two large major ways that destroy component of machine, engineering component, corrosion will cause a large amount of consumption of mechanical component, and wearing and tearing are to cause one of major reason of mechanical component inefficacy.They,, in a large amount of metallic substance of loss, have also wasted ample resources, occupy very large proportion in financial loss.
The inefficacy of the engineering component that high temperature, burn into friction and wear cause occurs in surface mostly, and this phenomenon is impelled the very big concern of Materials science worker to material surface, and impels the fast development of material surface modifying technology.People wish when material monolithic keeps enough toughness and intensity, make material surface obtain higher, specific use properties, as wear-resisting, anti-corrosion and anti-oxidant etc.
It is reported, at present, in whole world industrialized country, the energy consuming in wearing and tearing accounts for 1/2nd of total energy, approximately has 60%～80% component of machine because wearing and tearing were lost efficacy.A highly developed industrialized country, the financial loss causing because of wearing and tearing every year almost accounts for 1%～2% of total value of production in national economy.For example, the financial loss that the U.S. causes due to wearing and tearing is every year on average up to 20,000,000,000 dollars; The financial loss that Britain is caused by wearing and tearing every year on average exceedes 51,500 ten thousand pounds.In China, the financial loss being caused by wearing and tearing is equally also quite serious.Only according to department's rough Statistics such as oil, chemical industry, coal, electric power, agricultural machinery, just there is steel consumption up to millions of tons in China every year in wearing and tearing, and financial loss reaches 200～30,000,000,000 yuan more than.Thus, the effect of attrition of metallic substance performance quality and the work-ing life of mechanical component, and then affects the competitive capacity of these mechanical component on market.
Meanwhile, metallic corrosion problem also spreads all over national economy every field, from the industrial and agricultural production that is applied to of top science technology, and the manufacture that is applied to national defense industry from daily life, the place of every use metallic substance, all exists etching problem in varying degrees.According to relevant expert's statistics, each point, whole world half just has one ton of steel to be etched into iron rust.For example, 1975, the financial loss that the U.S. is caused by corrosion every year, up to 82,000,000,000 dollars, accounted for 4.9% of total value of production in national economy; Nineteen ninety-five, the financial loss straight line that the U.S. causes due to corrosion rises to 3,000 hundred million dollars.Statistics shows, in a country that industry is flourishing, the financial loss causing because of corrosion accounts for 2%～4% of total value of production in national economy, exceedes the summation of the loss that all natural disasteies such as floods, fire, earthquake and ancient measure of length, equal to 8 cun wind cause.Although China is only a developing country, because the loss that corrosion brings is also considerable, annual about 5,000 hundred million yuans, account for 6% left and right of Chinese national economy total output value.The financial loss only being caused by corrosion every year in oil and gas field is with regard to approximately 10,000,000,000 yuan, and the fund waste that coal-mining industry is caused by corrosion is every year about 55.6 hundred million yuan, nearly 1,700,000,000 yuan of the annual corrosion loss of power system.
Therefore, from limited resources and the energy, modern demand of industrial production component of machine has enough wear and corrosion behaviors, can extremely under rugged environment, work long hours at high temperature, high loading etc., and the attrition and attack problem that therefore solves metal is extremely urgent.
Laser melting coating sintering metal technology can combine obdurability high metal, good manufacturability and wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, the high temperature resistant and anti-oxidation characteristics of stupalith excellence, for the surface strengthening technology of most worthy and competitive power, it is also one of focus of laser melting and coating technique development.
Laser melting coating is the technology of emerging a, fast development, it is under high-energy-density laser beam irradiation, matrix surface skim melts with the alloy adding as required simultaneously, forming thickness is 10～1000 μ m surface melting layers, the processing method that rapid solidification requires to meet a certain property, be a new technology of the multidisciplinary intersection such as material interaction and rapid solidification moulding in set laser heat fused, molten bath, this technology obtains more careful research aspect surface treatment.
Because local surfaces is subject to heat density large, spot diameter is little, and heated time is short, therefore melting area is very little on workpiece surface, passes to inside workpiece less calories, has very large thermograde in melting area, and speed of cooling can reach 104～109 DEG C/s.Just because of rapid solidification, give the feature that alloy is different from normal freezing.As the laser melting coating of one of surface modification means, be suitable for top layer modification and the reparation of each metalloid.Cladding laser surfaces can keep former coating alloy composition (thinning ratio 5～8%), only has very limited phase diffusion zone at the intersection of reflow zone and matrix, and that this spreading area is realized the metallurgical binding of coat and matrix is just necessary.It is upper that it can be coated in common material (workpiece) high performance powdered alloy, thereby obtain the top coat (as good coatings such as heat-resisting, anti-corrosion, wear-resisting, shock resistances) of excellent specific property.
Compared with traditional surface modification (thermospray, plasma spraying etc.) technology, it mainly contains following advantage: interface is metallurgical binding; Organize superfine; Cladding layer composition is even and extent of dilution is low; Coating thickness is controlled; Heat distortion is little; Easily realize constituency cladding and technological process and easily realize automatization.In process for modifying surface, laser melting coating has become more active research field.
Laser surface coating technology is one of the advanced subject in the material surface engineering field that grows up of middle nineteen seventies, both at home and abroad just flourish.Along with the development and perfection of superpower laser and supporting technology, it progressively moves towards industrial application from laboratory study, will have powerful vitality in following material surface modifying field.Laser melting coating both can be used for the surface modification of traditional material, promoted the performance of material, can be used for again the reparation of surface failure part, therefore available body material is very extensive, as carbon steel, steel alloy, cast iron and aluminium alloy, copper alloy, nickel base superalloy etc.In addition, material scientific research personnel has also developed non-crystalline state and quasi crystal coating etc.At present, more at the study on the modification on traditional material surface to laser technology both at home and abroad, the research of high quality steel, high-temperature alloy surface modification also has report, but the practical engineering application that application laser melting coating is repaired some components of machine but awaits further popularization, major cause is in laser cladding process, often to have the problems such as crackle, coating be inhomogeneous, awaits the further research of scientific worker.
That the state of laser melting coating layer material generally has is Powdered, thread, paste etc.In addition also can be using sheet metal, sintered metal product, steel band and welding rod etc. as cladding material, wherein powdered alloy is most widely used in laser melting and coating technique.
Depending on the practical service environment condition difference of workpiece, also different to the performance requriements of surface coating.Cladding alloy system mainly contains ferrous alloy, nickel-base alloy, cobalt-base alloy and complex alloy powder etc.It is local wear-resisting and hold yielding part that iron(-)base powder is suitable for requirement; Nickel-base alloy is suitable for that requirement part is wear-resisting, the member of heat and corrosion resistant and thermal fatigue resistance, and required laser power density is slightly higher than cladding ferrous alloy; Cobalt-base alloy coating is suitable for the part of wear-resisting, the anti-corrosion and thermal fatigue resistance of requirement; Ceramic coating at high temperature has higher intensity, and Heat stability is good, and chemical stability is high, is applicable to the part of wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, high temperature resistant and oxidation-resistance.
Wear-resistant coating is in laser melting coating ceramic coating, to study to such an extent that be also maximum a kind the earliest.Although Ni base, Co base, Fe base self-fluxing alloy itself just have good wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, resistance toheat, utilize their laser cladding layer to carry out the research report of material surface strengthening a lot.But under the serious condition of slip, gouging abrasion and abrasive wear, simple Ni base, Co base, the not competent service requirements of Fe base self-melting alloy.
Matrix material is a kind of novel surface strengthening engineering materials, metal and metal, metal and pottery, pottery and pottery etc., and the range of choice of the collocation between powdered alloy and between powdered alloy and pottery is very extensive.Recent domestic has been carried out the various dystectic carbide, nitride, boride and the ceramic oxide particle that in the powdered alloy system of above-mentioned laser melting coating, add certain content for this reason, make the even pure ceramic coating of cermet composite coating, to improve the wear resistance of cladding layer.
Can prepare high performance composite coating although adopt matrix material to carry out laser melting coating, but at present domestic most still research in laboratory, and its preparation technology adopts nickel-based self-fluxing alloy to mix with the WC powder of certain content in laboratory, then add saturated turps or homemade organic binder bond, furnishing slip or paste, precoating is overlying on workpiece, then carries out laser melting coating or sintering.Its hard particles adding is large, density is different from matrix metal, and the distribution of particle in cladding layer is often inhomogeneous, conventionally presents Gradient distribution; Wettability, stability, the coefficient of expansion and the chemical reactivities etc. of added particulate material and matrix all cause the ununiformity of the microstructure and property of cladding layer.And prepared combination powder is because each constituent element proportion differs greatly, thereby in storage, transport and use procedure and easily produce segregation.Cannot carry out commercialization supply, on market, there is not yet at present particle and strengthen the merchandise sales of laser melting coating special powder.For above-mentioned reasons, there is not yet so far laser melting coating special combination powder, thereby restricted the application of laser melting coating on high abrasion operating mode field.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, by adding rare earth lanthanum oxide, Optimization Technology, develops a kind of further method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base coating, to improve the work-ing life of the part of working under serious abrasive wear working condition.
The present invention proposes a kind of method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1 adds rare earth lanthanum oxide powder in tungsten carbide of nickel-base coated powder, and the mass percent of its component is: lanthanum trioxide 0.8%, and wolfram varbide 40%, Ni-based is 59.2%, and above-mentioned raw materials powder is placed in to sealed vessel, puts into mixer mixing 1-3h;
Step 2, laser melting coating, taking common A3 steel as base material, is polished matrix with 400 order sand paper bright and clean, and with acetone soln wiping except surface and oil contaminant;
Step 3, is used semiconductor laser to carry out laser melting coating, and wherein laser power is 1500-1800w, and selected hot spot is wide is 5-10mm, and sweep velocity is 1-2m/min, and protection gas is nitrogen, and airshed is 15l/min, and powder feeding rate is 3-10g/min.
The granularity of the lanthanum trioxide in step 1 is 0.023～0.043mm, and the granularity of wolfram varbide is 0.025～0.033mm, and Ni-based mean particle size is 0.049～0.104mm.
The existing higher hardness of powdered alloy for laser melting coating of the present invention, there are excellent wear resistance and an erosion resistance again, be specially adapted to the laser melting coating of the alloy workpiece of high surfaces hardness and high-wearing feature, and can effectively prevent from producing segregation because each constituent element proportion differs greatly in storage, transport and use procedure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the SEM metallograph of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the SEM metallograph of the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 3 is the SEM metallograph of the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1: a kind of technique and method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating, comprises the following steps:
Technique and a method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating, the percentage ratio of its component is: the mass percent of its component is: lanthanum trioxide 0.8%, wolfram varbide 40%, Ni-based 59.2%; The granularity of lanthanum trioxide is 0.023～0.043mm, and the granularity of wolfram varbide is 0.025～0.033mm, and Ni-based mean particle size is 0.049～0.104mm.
1. above-mentioned raw materials powder is placed in to mixing machine mixing 1h.
2. laser melting coating is taking A3 steel as base material, bright and clean with 400 object sand paperings, removes surperficial greasy dirt with acetone.Laser power is 1500w, and employing spot size is 5mm, and sweep velocity is 1m/min, and protection gas is nitrogen, and flow is 15l/min, and powder feeding rate is 3g/min.
3. after tested, gained coat-thickness is 1mm, and hardness is 55HRC, and erosion rate is 0.52g/m2*h, and metallurgical quality is good, and SEM metallograph as shown in Figure 1.:
Embodiment 2: a kind of technique and method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating, comprises the following steps:
Technique and a method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating, the percentage ratio of its component is: the mass percent of its component is: lanthanum trioxide 0.8%, wolfram varbide 40%, Ni-based 59.2%; The granularity of lanthanum trioxide is 0.023～0.043mm, and the granularity of wolfram varbide is 0.025～0.033mm, and Ni-based mean particle size is 0.049～0.104mm.
1. above-mentioned raw materials powder is placed in to mixing machine mixing 1.5h.
2. laser melting coating is taking medium carbon steel as base material, bright and clean with 400 object sand paperings, removes surperficial greasy dirt with acetone.Laser power is 1700w, and employing spot size is 6mm, and sweep velocity is 1.5m/min, and overlap joint is 50%, and protection gas is argon gas, and flow is 15l/min, and powder feeding rate is 8g/min.
3. after tested, gained coat-thickness is 1.2mm, and hardness is 57HRC, and erosion rate is 0.4952g/m2*h, and metallurgical quality is good, and SEM metallograph as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 3: a kind of technique and method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating, comprise the following steps:: a kind of technique and method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating, the percentage ratio of its component is: the mass percent of its component is: lanthanum trioxide 0.8%, wolfram varbide 40%, Ni-based 59.2%; The granularity of lanthanum trioxide is 0.023～0.043mm, and the granularity of wolfram varbide is 0.025～0.033mm, and Ni-based mean particle size is 0.049～0.104mm.
1. above-mentioned raw materials powder is placed in to mixing machine mixing 2h.
2. laser melting coating is taking medium carbon steel as base material, bright and clean with 400 object sand paperings, removes surperficial greasy dirt with acetone.Laser power is 1800w, and employing spot size is 7mm, and sweep velocity is 2m/min, and protection gas is nitrogen, and flow is 15l/min, and powder feeding rate is 10g/min.
3. after tested, gained coat-thickness is 1.5mm, and hardness is 58HRC, and erosion rate is 0.4952g/m2*h, and metallurgical quality is good, and SEM metallograph as shown in Figure 3.
Claims (2)
1. a method of improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1 adds rare earth lanthanum oxide powder in tungsten carbide of nickel-base coated powder, and the mass percent of its component is: lanthanum trioxide 0.8%, and wolfram varbide 40%, Ni-based is 59.2%, and above-mentioned raw materials powder is placed in to sealed vessel, puts into mixer mixing 1-3h;
Step 2, laser melting coating, taking common A3 steel as base material, is polished matrix with 400 order sand paper bright and clean, and with acetone soln wiping except surface and oil contaminant;
Step 3, is used semiconductor laser to carry out laser melting coating, and wherein laser power is 1500-1800w, and selected hot spot is wide is 5-10mm, and sweep velocity is 1-2m/min, and protection gas is nitrogen, and airshed is 15l/min, and powder feeding rate is 3-10g/min.
2. the method for improving tungsten carbide of nickel-base laser cladding coating as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the granularity of the lanthanum trioxide in step 1 is 0.023～0.043mm, and the granularity of wolfram varbide is 0.025～0.033mm, and Ni-based mean particle size is 0.049～0.104mm.
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| CN104389924A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-03-04 | 刘永红 | Abrasion-resistant brake disc |
| CN109628927A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-04-16 | 水利部杭州机械设计研究所 | A kind of wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-base silicon carbide compound coating and preparation method thereof for marine worker liquid presses piston pole |
| CN109825833A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-05-31 | 上海海事大学 | A kind of rare earth modified WC-Ni base coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN113652688A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-16 | 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 | Laser cladding nickel-based tungsten carbide process for copper alloy core glass mold |
| CN113652686A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-16 | 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 | Nickel-based tungsten carbide laser cladding process for nickel-aluminum bronze surface |
| CN114959686A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-30 | 宜宾上交大新材料研究中心 | Laser cladding powder and method for laser cladding on aluminum alloy surface |
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Cited By (8)
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| CN104389924A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-03-04 | 刘永红 | Abrasion-resistant brake disc |
| CN109628927A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-04-16 | 水利部杭州机械设计研究所 | A kind of wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-base silicon carbide compound coating and preparation method thereof for marine worker liquid presses piston pole |
| CN109628927B (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2020-10-16 | 水利部杭州机械设计研究所 | Wear-resistant corrosion-resistant nickel-based silicon carbide composite coating for maritime work hydraulic piston rod and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113652686A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-16 | 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 | Nickel-based tungsten carbide laser cladding process for nickel-aluminum bronze surface |
| CN113652688A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-16 | 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 | Laser cladding nickel-based tungsten carbide process for copper alloy core glass mold |
| CN113652688B (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-09-29 | 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 | Laser cladding nickel-based tungsten carbide technology for copper alloy core glass mold |
| CN114959686A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-30 | 宜宾上交大新材料研究中心 | Laser cladding powder and method for laser cladding on aluminum alloy surface |
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