CN103774139A - Method for strengthening surface of laser-clad titanium alloy - Google Patents
Method for strengthening surface of laser-clad titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for strengthening a surface of a laser-clad titanium alloy. The method comprises the following steps: 1), pretreatment of the to-be-clad surface of a titanium alloy substrate, namely removing an oxide film on the to-be-clad surface of the titanium alloy substrate; 2), preparation of a cladding material, namely preparing the cladding material from NiCrBSi alloy powder and TiC according to the condition that the volume ratio of NiCrBSi to TiC is (50-100):(0-50), and mixing evenly; 3) pre-application of the cladding material, namely blending the evenly mixed cladding material with a volatile organic solvent into a paste, coating the to-be-clad surface of the titanium alloy substrate with the plaste so that the coating layer is 0.6-1.5mm thick, and then drying the coating layer; 4) laser cladding, namely irradiating the coating layer by use of a laser so that the coating layer is clad on the titanium alloy substrate. The method is capable of reducing thermal expansion mismatching of the coating layer, reducing residual stress and improving the properties of the coating layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser metal surface processing technology, be specially a kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method of the Ni base composite coating that utilizes high-energy-density laser beam ceramic particle TiC enhancing.
Background technology
Titanium alloy laser melting coating research work the most widely is at present the metal-based compound coating that ceramic particle strengthens, and existing research roughly can be divided into Ti, Co, Ni base etc. several according to cladding material system.As Zhang Song (referring to Zhang Song, Zhang Chunhua, Wang Maocai, waits the Impact Abrasive Wear [J] of .TiC/Ti matrix material laser cladding layer. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2002,38 (10): 1100-1104.) etc. with Ti-Cr
3c
2make cladding material, obtained at TC4 alloy surface the Ti base composite coating that TiC particle strengthens, the shock resistance abrasive wear behavior of coating has improved 2 times than TC4 alloy.Savalani etc. (referring to: M M Savalani, C C Ng, Q H Li, et al.In situ formation of titanium carbide using titanium and carbon-nanotube powders by laser cladding[J] .Applied Surface Science, 2012, 258:3173 – 3177.) at pure titanium surface laser cladding Ti and carbon nanotube, in laser cladding process, Ti and carbon nanotube react, generate tiny TiC dentrite, the hardness of coating and wear resisting property are subject to the impact of content of carbon nanotubes, along with the increase of content of carbon nanotubes, hardness raises, wear resistance increases.Molian etc. (referring to: P A Molian, L Hualum.Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with BN for improved wear performance[J] .Wear, 1989,130:337-352) hardness and the polishing machine of Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface NiCrCoAlY-BN laser cladding layer are studied, result shows, the hardness of cladding layer increases with the increase of BN content, maximum hardness is HV1200, and wear rate has reduced by 1～2 order of magnitude than the titanium alloy of age hardening and laser surface remelting.
From above-mentioned, laser melting coating metal-based compound coated material is extensive, and is not subject to common metallurgical thermodynamics condition restriction.But the avidity of titanium and oxygen is high, in cladding layer, easily form pore; Alloy and stupalith in thermal expansivity and the cladding material of titanium alloy differ larger, and in heating and cooling process, expanding with heat and contract with cold between cladding layer and base material is inconsistent, make to form larger thermal stresses between cladding layer and base material, cause cladding layer cracking.Therefore obtain very difficulty of high-quality laser cladding layer at titanium alloy surface.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method for solving the technical problem existing in known technology, the method can reduce or eliminate crackle and the pore in laser cladding layer, the TiC obtaining strengthens Ni base composite coating and has very high wear resistance, and preparation method's technological process is simple, is applicable to industrialization and generates.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes for the technical problem existing in solution known technology is: a kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method, comprises the following steps:
One) titanium alloy base material is fusion covers surface preparation: remove that titanium alloy base material is fusion covers surperficial oxide film;
Two) cladding material preparation: cladding material formula is that NiCrBSi powdered alloy and TiC prepare by the volume ratio of NiCrBSi:TiC=50～100:0～50, and mixes;
Three) preset cladding material: first by the cladding material mixing with thering is volatile organic solvent furnishing pasty state, what be coated in titanium alloy base material treats cladding surface, coat thickness is 0.6～1.5mm, then coat is dried;
Four) laser melting coating: adopt laser illumination coat, make coat cladding on titanium alloy base material.
Described NiCrBSi alloy is Ni60, and granularity is 50～100 μ m; Granularity 10～100 μ m of described TiC powder.
In step 4) step 3 before) afterwards, the titanium alloy base material with coat is preheating to 120～160 ℃.
In step 1) step 2 afterwards) before, treat cladding surface and carry out Passivation Treatment.
Described step 4) adopt optical maser wavelength be the crossing current CO of 10.6 μ m
2laser illumination coat, the output rating P=2～5kW of laser apparatus, beam flying speed V=1.0～12mm/s, spot diameter D=3～6mm; In laser cladding process, adopt argon gas to protect molten bath, the flow of argon gas is 20～30L/min.
Described titanium alloy base material is any one in TC1, TC4 and TC9.
Advantage and positively effect that the present invention has are: adopt the cladding material by NiCrBSi powdered alloy and TiC powder constituent, the excellent toughness of the high rigidity of TiC ceramic particle and superior abrasion resistance and NiCrBSi alloy is combined, the thermal expansion that reduces coating is not mated, reduce unrelieved stress, improve coating performance.And; the present invention had carried out thermal pretreatment to the titanium alloy base material with coat before laser melting coating operation; reduce the thermal stresses in coating; therefore can reduce or eliminate the crackle in coating; in the laser melting coating course of processing, utilize argon shield; prevent air intrusion, reduce or eliminate the pore in coating.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the pattern photo of single track laser cladding layer cross section of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the pattern photo on single track laser cladding layer of the present invention surface;
Fig. 3 is the pattern photo on multi-pass laser cladding layer of the present invention surface;
Fig. 4 is laser cladding layer of the present invention top layer metallographic structure photo;
Fig. 5 is laser cladding layer bottom metallographic structure photo of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is laser cladding layer of the present invention and base material land metallographic structure photo;
Fig. 7 is that laser cladding layer microhardness of the present invention is along layer depth directivity curve figure;
Fig. 8 is laser cladding layer of the present invention and titanium alloy base material wear weight loss amount comparison diagram;
Fig. 9 is worn surface metallograph in base material TC4 alloy vacuum environment;
Figure 10 is worn surface metallograph in laser cladding layer vacuum environment of the present invention.
Embodiment
For further understanding summary of the invention of the present invention, Characteristic, hereby exemplify following examples, and coordinate accompanying drawing to be described in detail as follows:
The mentality of designing of a kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface of the present invention enhancement method:
One) guaranteeing under the prerequisite of laser cladding layer and titanium alloy base material metallurgical binding, the high rigidity of the TiC ceramic particle of additional or the formation of cladding process situ and excellent wear resistance are combined with the excellent toughness of NiCrBSi alloy, the thermal expansion that reduces coating is not mated, reduce unrelieved stress, improve coating wear resistance.
Two) before cladding, the titanium alloy base material with coat is carried out to preheating, the temperature rise when reducing cladding, and then reduce the thermal stresses forming because of cladding, reduce or eliminate the crackle in laser cladding layer.
The present invention has carried out innovative design from aspects such as laser cladding of material design, the surface preparation of titanium alloy base material and laser melting and coating process optimizations:
One) design of laser cladding of material
The design of laser cladding of material must be considered the problem of the following aspects:
1) should there is higher hardness and wear resisting property.
2) between laser cladding of material and titanium alloy base material, should there is good metallurgical consistency.
According to mentioned above principle, the present invention adopts the cladding material by NiCrBSi powdered alloy and TiC powder constituent, the Ni based composites wear-resistant coating strengthening at titanium alloy base material surface laser cladding TiC powder.
Two) pre-treatment of titanium alloy base material
The avidity of titanium and oxygen is very large, just can be combined with airborne oxygen and form the thin film of titanium oxide of one deck densification, and this oxidation film layer is difficult to thoroughly remove under normal temperature, affects the combination between cladding layer and base material.For this reason, the present invention adopts the striping method of mechanical means and chemical process associating.
Three) optimization of laser cladding method
1) in laser cladding process, strengthen the protection to deposite metal, to prevent the immersion of ambient air; Adopt argon gas to protect molten bath.
2) regulate and control the laser works parameters such as laser power, laser beam flying speed and spot diameter, the quality influence of the working parameter of analysis laser apparatus to cladding layer both macro and micro, reasonable in design and best processing parameter.
A kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface of the present invention enhancement method, comprises the following steps:
One) titanium alloy base material is fusion covers surface preparation: remove that titanium alloy base material is fusion covers surperficial oxide film;
Two) cladding material preparation: cladding material formula is that NiCrBSi powdered alloy and TiC powder are prepared by the volume of 50～100:0～50, and mixes.
Three) preset cladding material: first by the cladding material mixing with thering is volatile organic solvent furnishing pasty state, what be coated in titanium alloy base material treats cladding surface, coat thickness is 0.6～1.5mm, then coat is dried.
Four) laser melting coating: adopt laser illumination coat, make coat cladding on titanium alloy base material.
For preventing that cladding layer from cracking, the present invention after preset cladding material, was preheating to 120～160 ℃ by the titanium alloy base material with coat before carrying out laser melting coating.
The present invention is by the cladding material of NiCrBSi powdered alloy and TiC powder constituent, and NiCrBSi is self-melting alloy, has good over-all properties and good laser melting and coating process performance; TiC ceramic enhancement phase has higher hardness, has good wettability and thermodynamic compatibility with most metals matrix.In the time carrying out laser melting coating, on the one hand, NiCrBSi alloy material can be protected ceramic phase, reduces its scaling loss; On the other hand, the thermal expansion that the Ni alloy substrate that toughness is high can reduce coating is not mated, and reduces unrelieved stress, improves coating performance.Due to the enhancement of TiC hard ceramic particles, make cladding layer there is the performance of high rigidity and high abrasion simultaneously.The present invention also carries out passivation by mechanical means with chemical process combined removal oxide film and to the cladding surface for the treatment of of removing after oxide film, has thoroughly eliminated the oxide film of substrate surface, has eliminated the deleterious effect of oxide film.By the protection to laser molten pool and the optimization to laser cladding technological parameter, prevented the formation of the defect such as oxidation and pore of deposite metal, and then can obtain that moulding is good at titanium alloy surface, pore-free and crackle, in conjunction with cladding layer firmly.
The present invention does not address part and is applicable to prior art.
Provide specific embodiments of the invention below, but the present invention is not subject to the restriction of embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
A preparation method for laser melting coating titanium alloy surface self-lubricating coating, comprises the following steps:
One) titanium alloy base material is fusion covers surface preparation: remove that titanium alloy base material is fusion covers surperficial oxide film;
The material of titanium alloy base material is TC4 in the present embodiment.Remove the TC4 titanium alloy base material concrete grammar that covers surface film oxide fusion: first adopt 400# abrasive paper for metallograph to treat cladding surface and polish, then immerse in 10%NaOH solution 3 minutes, after taking-up, in distilled water, acetone and alcohol, carry out successively ultrasonic cleaning, final drying;
For preventing from treating cladding surface Quick Oxidation again, after cladding surface removal oxide film, Passivation Treatment is carried out on the cladding surface for the treatment of that reply is removed after oxide film, in an embodiment of the present invention, adopts nitric acid to carry out surface passivating treatment.
Two) cladding material preparation: cladding material formula is that NiCrBSi powdered alloy and TiC powder are prepared by the volume ratio of 2:1, and mixes.
In an embodiment of the present invention, NiCrBSi powdered alloy adopts Ni60 powdered alloy; Adopt the mixed powder of drum-type meal mixer, the mixed powder time is 8 hours, until Ni60 powdered alloy and TiC powder mix.The granularity of described Ni60 powdered alloy is 50～100 μ m; The granularity of described TiC powder is 10～50 μ m.
Three) preset cladding material: first by the cladding material mixing with thering is volatile organic solvent furnishing pasty state, what be coated in titanium alloy base material treats cladding surface, coat thickness is 1.0mm, then coat is dried.
In the present embodiment, adopt alcohol by cladding material furnishing pasty state, be coated in titanium alloy base material surface, be placed in vacuum oven and dry, bake out temperature is 70 ℃, and drying time is 1 hour.
Four) laser melting coating: adopt laser illumination coat, make coat cladding on titanium alloy base material.
In an embodiment of the present invention, adopting optical maser wavelength is the ML-108 type crossing current CO of 10.6 μ m
2laser illumination coat, the output rating P=4kW of laser apparatus, beam flying speed V=10.8mm/s, spot diameter D=6mm; In laser cladding process, adopt argon gas to protect molten bath, the flow of argon gas is 20L/min.
For preventing that cladding layer from cracking, the present embodiment after preset cladding material, was preheating to 160 ℃ by the titanium alloy base material with coat before carrying out laser melting coating.
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, pore-free and defects i.e.cracks in cladding layer as seen from the figure, surperficial continuous uniform.Research and analyse and show by the pattern microtexture to cladding layer: laser cladding layer is made up of erose TiC particle, square shape TiB2 particle and needle-like CrB and Ni base, refers to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5; The dentrite that is organized as oriented growth of laser cladding layer and titanium alloy base material land, and be epitaxial solidification feature with titanium alloy base material, make to have formed good metallurgical binding between cladding layer and titanium alloy base material, refer to Fig. 6.Adopt the hardness of the cladding layer prepared of the present embodiment between 900～1150HV0.2, the hardness of base material is in 350HV0.2 left and right, and the former is about 2～4 times of the latter, refers to Fig. 7, has fully shown the strengthening effect of the present invention to titanium alloy surface hardness.
The wear resistance test of cladding layer prepared by employing the present embodiment is as follows:
The cylinder sample of Φ 9 × 20mm, carries out wearing test with YG8B Wimet composition friction pair.It is 10 that ambiance is respectively pressure
5the atmospheric environment of Pa and pressure are 10
-5the vacuum environment of Pa, friction working parameter is: normal load 50N, sliding distance 540m, sliding velocity 3.0m/s.The wear weight loss amount in atmosphere and vacuum environment of TC4 alloy and cladding layer refers to Fig. 8.As seen from the figure: in atmospheric environment, the wear weight loss amount of cladding layer is 2.54mg, and the wear weight loss amount of TC4 alloy is 22.34mg, and in vacuum environment, the wear weight loss amount of cladding layer is 3.25mg, and the wear weight loss amount of TC4 alloy is 7.8mg.In atmospheric environment and vacuum environment, the wear weight loss amount of cladding layer is respectively 11.37% and 47.94% of TC4 alloy wear weight loss amount.Refer to Fig. 9 and Figure 10, Fig. 9 and Figure 10 are respectively the metallograph of the worn surface in TC4 alloy and TiC/Ni cladding layer vacuum environment.As seen from the figure, there is big area multilayer avulsion vestige in TC4 alloy wear surface, present obvious adhesive wear, and the wear surface polishing scratch of TiC/Ni cladding layer is thin and shallow, present scratch feature, also fully shown the strengthening effect of the present invention to titanium alloy surface wear resistance.
The wear-resisting strengthening cladding layer that adopts the present embodiment to prepare, after testing, surface quality is good, inner pore-free, hardness is: 900～1150HV
0.2between, in atmospheric environment and vacuum environment, the wear weight loss amount of cladding layer is respectively 11.37% and 47.94% of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method, exists with the difference of embodiment 1:
One) material of titanium alloy base material is TC1; Remove when titanium alloy base material is fusion covers surperficial oxide film, adopt 1000# abrasive paper for metallograph to treat cladding surface and polish, then immerse in 6%NaOH solution 4 minutes.
Two) cladding material adopts Ni60 powdered alloy.The granularity of Ni60 powdered alloy is 50～100 μ m.
Three) coat thickness is 1.5mm.Bake out temperature is 120 ℃, and drying time is 0.9 hour.
Four) adopt ML-108 type CO
2coating described in laser illumination on titanium alloy surface, laser cladding technological parameter is: laser output power P=2kW, beam flying speed V=1.0mm/s, spot size is D=3mm.In laser cladding process, adopt argon gas to protect molten bath, the flow of argon gas is 30L/min.
The present embodiment after preset cladding material, was preheating to 150 ℃ by the titanium alloy base material with coat before carrying out laser melting coating.
The wear-resisting cladding layer that adopts the present embodiment to prepare, after testing, surface quality is good, inner pore-free, hardness is: 850～1000HV
0.2, in atmospheric environment and vacuum environment, the wear weight loss amount of cladding layer is respectively 9.04% and 70.20% of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method, exists with the difference of embodiment 1:
One) material of titanium alloy base material is TC9; Remove when titanium alloy base material is fusion covers surperficial oxide film, adopt 1000# abrasive paper for metallograph to treat cladding surface and polish, then immerse in 8%NaOH solution 2 minutes.
Two) cladding material adopts Ni60 powdered alloy and TiC powder to press the volume ratio preparation of 50:50.The granularity of Ni60 powdered alloy is 50～100 μ m; Described TiC powder size is 50～100 μ m.
Three) coat thickness: 0.6mm.Bake out temperature is 120 ℃, and drying time is 0.5 hour.
Four) adopt ML-108 type CO
2coating described in laser illumination on titanium alloy surface, laser cladding technological parameter is: laser output power P=5kW, beam flying speed V=12mm/s, spot size is D=6mm.In laser cladding process, adopt argon gas to protect molten bath, the flow of argon gas is 20L/min.
The present embodiment after preset cladding material, was preheating to 140 ℃ by the titanium alloy base material with coat before carrying out laser melting coating.
The wear-resisting cladding layer that adopts the present embodiment to prepare, after testing, surface quality is good, inner pore-free, hardness is: 1050～1200HV
0.2, in atmospheric environment and vacuum environment, the wear weight loss amount of cladding layer is respectively 13.03% and 55.64% of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method, exists with the difference of embodiment 1:
One) material of titanium alloy base material is TC9.
Two) cladding material adopts Ni60 powdered alloy and TiC powder to press the volume ratio preparation of 90:10.The granularity of Ni60 powdered alloy is 50～100 μ m; The granularity of described TiC powder is 10～50 μ m.
Three) coat thickness: 0.8mm.Bake out temperature is 120 ℃, and drying time is 0.8 hour.
Four) adopt ML-108 type CO
2coating described in laser illumination on titanium alloy surface, laser cladding technological parameter is: laser output power P=4kW, beam flying speed V=7.8mm/s, spot size is D=4mm.In laser cladding process, adopt argon gas to protect molten bath, the flow of argon gas is 30L/min.
The present embodiment after preset cladding material, was preheating to 120 ℃ by the titanium alloy base material with coat before carrying out laser melting coating.
Wear-resisting cladding layer prepared by the present embodiment, after testing, surface quality is good, inner pore-free, hardness is: 870～1050HV
0.2, in atmospheric environment and vacuum environment, the wear weight loss amount of cladding layer is respectively 10.56% and 63.75% of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method, exists with the difference of embodiment 1: cladding material adopts Ni25 powdered alloy and TiC powder to press the volume ratio preparation of 2:1.
Wear-resisting cladding layer prepared by the present embodiment, after testing, surface quality is good, inner pore-free, hardness is: 850～950HV
0.2, in atmospheric environment and vacuum environment, the wear weight loss amount of cladding layer is respectively 10.29% and 58.18% of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method, exists with the difference of embodiment 2: cladding material adopts Ni45 powdered alloy.
Wear-resisting cladding layer prepared by the present embodiment, after testing, surface quality is good, inner pore-free, hardness is: 800～900HV
0.2, in atmospheric environment and vacuum environment, the wear weight loss amount of cladding layer is respectively 9.96% and 72.33% of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 7:
A kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method, exists with the difference of embodiment 3: cladding material adopts Ni35 powdered alloy and TiC powder to press the volume ratio preparation of 50:50.
Wear-resisting cladding layer prepared by the present embodiment, after testing, surface quality is good, inner pore-free, hardness is: 1000～1100HV
0.2, in atmospheric environment and vacuum environment, the wear weight loss amount of cladding layer is respectively 12.53% and 57.10% of titanium alloy base material.
Embodiment 8:
A kind of laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method, exists with the difference of embodiment 4: cladding material adopts Ni45 powdered alloy and TiC powder to press the volume ratio preparation of 90:10.
Wear-resisting cladding layer prepared by the present embodiment, after testing, surface quality is good, inner pore-free, hardness is: 850～950HV
0.2., in atmospheric environment and vacuum environment, the wear weight loss amount of cladding layer is respectively 11.03% and 65.20% of titanium alloy base material.
Although by reference to the accompanying drawings the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; be not restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not departing from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, can also make a lot of forms, within these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
One) titanium alloy base material is fusion covers surface preparation: remove that titanium alloy base material is fusion covers surperficial oxide film;
Two) cladding material preparation: cladding material formula is that NiCrBSi powdered alloy and TiC prepare by the volume ratio of NiCrBSi:TiC=50～100:0～50, and mixes;
Three) preset cladding material: first by the cladding material mixing with thering is volatile organic solvent furnishing pasty state, what be coated in titanium alloy base material treats cladding surface, coat thickness is 0.6～1.5mm, then coat is dried;
Four) laser melting coating: adopt laser illumination coat, make coat cladding on titanium alloy base material.
2. laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described NiCrBSi alloy is Ni60, and granularity is 50～100 μ m; Granularity 10～100 μ m of described TiC powder.
3. laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 4) step 3 before) afterwards, the titanium alloy base material with coat is preheating to 120～160 ℃.
4. laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1) step 2 afterwards) before, treat cladding surface and carry out Passivation Treatment.
5. laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 4) adopt optical maser wavelength be the crossing current CO of 10.6 μ m
2laser illumination coat, the output rating P=2～5kW of laser apparatus, beam flying speed V=1.0～12mm/s, spot diameter D=3～6mm; In laser cladding process, adopt argon gas to protect molten bath, the flow of argon gas is 20～30L/min.
6. laser melting coating titanium alloy surface enhancement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described titanium alloy base material is any one in TC1, TC4 and TC9.
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