CN111607817A - Alloy of iron group element and tungsten and silicon carbide composite coating as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Alloy of iron group element and tungsten and silicon carbide composite coating as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111607817A
CN111607817A CN202010595593.6A CN202010595593A CN111607817A CN 111607817 A CN111607817 A CN 111607817A CN 202010595593 A CN202010595593 A CN 202010595593A CN 111607817 A CN111607817 A CN 111607817A
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silicon carbide
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李庆阳
王启伟
涂小慧
李卫
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Jinan University
University of Jinan
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/20—Electroplating using ultrasonics, vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/22—Electroplating combined with mechanical treatment during the deposition

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of surface engineering and surface treatment, and particularly discloses an alloy of iron group elements and tungsten and a silicon carbide composite coating, and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps of (1) preparing a composite plating solution: fe2+/Fe3+Salt, Co2+/Co3+Salt, Ni2+/Ni3+Salt, tungstate, complexing agent, dispersing agent and silicon carbide; the solvent is water; the pH value of the composite plating solution is 7-14; (2) will be provided withPutting the substrate into composite electroplating liquid for electroplating; the current used for electroplating is direct current, single pulse current, double pulse current or direct current/pulse superposed current; and is mechanically, pneumatically, jet-flowed or ultrasonically agitated during electroplating. The matrix alloy coating adopted by the invention is binary or multi-element alloy of iron group metal elements and tungsten, and is one of the alloy coatings with the highest hardness in the existing chromium-substituted coatings.

Description

Alloy of iron group element and tungsten and silicon carbide composite coating as well as preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface engineering and surface treatment, and particularly relates to an alloy of iron group elements and tungsten and a silicon carbide composite coating, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The chromium electroplating process has low cost, high efficiency, good coating smoothness and strong wear resistance and corrosion resistance, is widely applied to surface strengthening and repair of equipment critical parts such as aerospace, vehicles, ships and the like after abrasion and corrosion, but has serious environmental pollution and influence on human health and is gradually limited to use. At present, no mature green surface technology system can replace the chromium electroplating technology to be widely applied to the repair and reinforcement of equipment. In view of the above problems, the research and development of a high-performance plating layer preparation technology capable of replacing chromium electroplating and an adaptive material system thereof are one of the major problems to be solved urgently in the field of equipment guarantee.
The chromium-substituted plating layer is an alloy plating layer which is close to the chromium plating layer in aspects of appearance, hardness, friction and wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and mainly comprises iron group (iron, cobalt and nickel) alloy and binary or multi-element alloy formed by iron group elements, phosphorus, boron, molybdenum, carbon, tungsten and the like. At present, the chromium replacing process which is widely researched mainly comprises electroplating of alloys such as Fe-W, Co-W, Co-Ni, Ni-W, Ni-B, Ni-P, Ni-Mo, Fe-Ni-W, Co-Ni-C, Co-Ni-B and the like. The above alloys have high hardness, corrosion resistance and friction and wear resistance, but are not as good as chromium coatings, and the hardness of the partial coatings can reach the level of the chromium coatings only after heat treatment. However, the heat treatment needs to be carried out under the protection of inert gas, so that the preparation period of the chromium-substituted plating is long, the process is complex, the cost is high, and none of the chromium-substituted plating is widely applied to the prior art. Composite electroplating is a method of depositing a composite covering layer of metal and solid particles (including diamond, carbide, nitride, boride, oxide and the like) with good binding force on a base material by an electrolytic method, and the performance of a composite plating layer is determined by the plating layer metal and a second phase included in the plating layer metal, so that the composite electroplating has better mechanical strength, friction and abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance than a pure metal plating layer. In addition, on the premise of determining the plating metal, the composition, the size and the content of the second phase become key factors for determining the performance of the composite plating, so that the performance of the composite plating can be regulated and controlled. M.K. das et al (Surface and Coatings Technology,2017,309: 337-. However, this method is also limited by the high cost of diamond and is difficult to popularize.
In summary, the composite coating composed of binary or multi-element alloy of iron group elements (iron, cobalt and nickel) and tungsten and low-cost enhanced phase particles is expected to become the best choice for high-performance and practical chromium-substituted coatings. Although the cost of silicon carbide as the reinforcing phase particles is low, the mechanical strength of the composite coating prepared under the micron scale is not as high as that of the diamond-based composite coating, so that the nano silicon carbide is required to be selected, and the nano particles are very easy to agglomerate, so that the conventional stirring can only inhibit the sedimentation of the nano silicon carbide but cannot inhibit the agglomeration of the nano silicon carbide. Therefore, how to inhibit the agglomeration of the nano silicon carbide particles in the plating solution is a difficulty to be overcome in combination with the substrate plating layer.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method of an alloy of an iron group element and tungsten and a silicon carbide composite coating.
The invention also aims to provide the alloy of the iron group element and the tungsten and the silicon carbide composite coating prepared by the method.
The invention further aims to provide application of the alloy of the iron group element and the tungsten and the silicon carbide composite coating in material additive repair and remanufacture of equipment.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a preparation method of an alloy of iron group elements and tungsten and a silicon carbide composite coating comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite plating solution: fe2+/Fe3+10-100 g/L, Co of salt2+/Co3+0-100 g/L, Ni of salt2+/Ni3+0-100 g/L of salt, 20-200 g/L of tungstate, 30-300 g/L of complexing agent, 0.1-10 g/L of dispersing agent and 1-20 g/L of silicon carbide; the solvent is water; the pH value of the composite plating solution is 7-14;
(2) putting the substrate into a composite electroplating solution for electroplating; the current used for electroplating is direct current, single pulse current, double pulse current or direct current/pulse superposed current; and is mechanically, pneumatically, jet-flowed or ultrasonically agitated during electroplating.
In the step (1), the complexing agent is at least one of tartaric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, citric acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, nicotinic acid, sulfamic acid, fluoboric acid, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 5' -dimethylhydantoin, ammonia water and salts thereof.
In the step (1), the dispersant is at least one of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene ether, sodium polyacrylate and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The substrate in step (2) is any conductor insoluble in the plating solution and metalized insulator, and is preferably silver, copper, iron, aluminum, ceramic, wood, glass, plastic and the like plated with copper or nickel chemically.
Preferably, in the step (2), the substrate to be plated can be pretreated according to different materials and different surface oil stain states of the substrate, and specifically, organic solvents such as sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, detergent, cleaning powder, acetone, alcohol, gasoline and the like can be adopted to remove oil from the substrate for 5-10 min and then the substrate is washed by water; and then, removing rust on the matrix by using dilute nitric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid, treating for 10-60 s at room temperature according to different rust degrees of the surface of the matrix, and finally washing with water.
The specific parameters of the single pulse current in the step (2) are as follows: conduction time Ton0.1-1 ms, turn-off time Toff0.4-1 ms, 500-2000 Hz frequency f, and J current densitym＝0.5～10A/dm2(ii) a The specific parameters of the double-pulse current are as follows: t ison＝0.1～1ms，Toff0.4-1 ms, pulse on-offA period T of 0.5 to 2ms, a period f of 500 to 2000Hz, and a forward current density Jm +＝0.5～10A/dm2Reverse current density Jm -＝0.025～1A/dm2(ii) a The specific parameters of the direct current/pulse superposed current are as follows: f is 500-2000 Hz, J is 0.5-10A/dm2，Jm＝0.5～10A/dm2(direct current/monopulse superposition) or f is 500-2000 Hz, and J is 0.5-10A/dm2，Jm＝0.5～10A/dm2，Jm -＝0.025～1A/dm2(direct current/double pulse superposition).
The speed of mechanical stirring in the step (2) is 600-3000 r/min, and the flow rate of air stirring is 10-200 m3The flow rate of the jet flow stirring is 10-200 m3And h, the frequency of ultrasonic stirring is 1-100 kHz. The stirring speed can influence the dispersion performance of the silicon carbide particles and eliminate concentration polarization, thereby influencing the appearance, composition and structure of the composite coating; the strong agitation also increases the upper limit of the cathodic current density and the current efficiency.
And (3) electroplating at the temperature of 5-95 ℃ for 0.1-10 h.
The composite coating of the alloy of iron group elements and tungsten and silicon carbide is prepared by the method.
Preferably, the matrix alloy in the composite coating is Fe-W, Fe-Co-W, Fe-Ni-W or Fe-Co-Ni-W.
Preferably, the reinforcing phase in the composite coating is micron-sized (0.1-10 mu m), nano-sized (1-100 nm) or micro-nano mixed SiC particles.
Preferably, the thickness of the composite coating is 1-3000 μm, the grain size of the matrix alloy is 0.01-10 μm, the content of silicon carbide is 5-50 at.%, and the composite coating is uniformly distributed.
Anodes of the composite coating include iron, cobalt, nickel, tungsten and any inert anode that is insoluble in the plating solution, such as: stainless steel, platinum, graphite, tantalum iridium titanium, ruthenium titanium iridium, and the like.
The alloy of the iron group element and the tungsten and the silicon carbide composite coating are applied to equipment additive repair and remanufacture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the matrix alloy coating adopted by the invention is binary or multi-element alloy (Fe-W, Fe-Co-W, Fe-Ni-W or Fe-Co-Ni-W) of iron group metal elements and tungsten, and is one of the alloy coatings with the highest hardness in the existing chromium-substituted coatings.
2. The silicon carbide particles adopted by the invention are one of the ceramic particles with the lowest cost in the existing composite coating reinforcing phase.
3. The Fe, Co, Ni-W-SiC composite coating prepared on the surface of the steel does not fall off after a 90-degree bending test; the method meets the requirements of a test method for the adhesion strength of a covering layer on a metal substrate of national standard GB5270-200X on an electroplated layer.
4. The Fe, Co, Ni-W-SiC composite coating prepared by the invention has good corrosion resistance, and meets the 5% salt water neutral salt fog test index of the national standard GB5938-86 corrosion resistance test method for metal coatings and chemical treatment layers of light industrial products.
5. The Fe, Co, Ni-W-SiC composite plating layer prepared by the invention can reach the hardness level of a chromium plating layer without heat treatment.
6. The polyvinylpyrrolidone in the invention has the double functions of inhibiting the agglomeration of the nano silicon carbide and improving the grain size of the coating (because the grain size of the iron-tungsten alloy in the composite coating is reduced after the polyvinylpyrrolidone is added compared with that before the polyvinylpyrrolidone is added). The dispersion of the silicon carbide is facilitated by means of physical and mechanical stirring, but the nano silicon carbide is hardly effective in inhibiting the agglomeration of the nano silicon carbide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of the Fe-W-SiC micron composite coating (micron SiC) of example 1.
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of the Fe-W substrate coating of example 1.
FIG. 3 is an EDS spectrum of the Fe-W matrix coating of example 1.
FIG. 4 is an SEM photograph of the Fe-W-SiC nanocomposite coating (nano SiC) of example 2.
FIG. 5 is a SEM photograph of a Fe-W-SiC nanocomposite coating prepared by the plating solution described in example 2 without adding a dispersant
FIG. 6 is a nanoindentation curve of the Fe-W-SiC nanocomposite coating in example 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The reagents used in the examples are commercially available without specific reference.
Example 1: preparation of Fe-W-SiC micron composite coating
A preparation method of a Fe-W-SiC micron composite coating, wherein the granularity of SiC is in a micron scale range (0.1-10 mu m), specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, ultrasonically cleaning a steel substrate in an acetone solution for 8min, and then washing with deionized water;
secondly, derusting the matrix by using dilute nitric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid, treating for 20s at room temperature, and then washing with deionized water;
thirdly, adding main salt (ferric sulfate FeSO)4·7H2O55 g/L, sodium tungstate Na2WO4132g/L)187g/L and complexing agent (sodium citrate Na)3C6H5O7)147g/L dispersant [ polyvinylpyrrolidone (C) ]6H9NO)n]Preparing electroplating solution with the concentration of 1g/L, SiC 2g/L and deionized water as a solvent;
in the plating solution, ferric sulfate and sodium tungstate are used as main salts to provide metal ions required by a Fe-W alloy plating layer of a substrate; the sodium citrate is used as a complexing agent and plays a role in coordinating metal ions and regulating the proportion of Fe-W alloy; the polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a dispersing agent, so that the dispersion uniformity of SiC in the composite plating solution and the plating layer can be obviously improved; SiC is used as the reinforced phase ceramic particles of the composite coating, and the content of the SiC directly influences the grain size of the Fe-W alloy, the mechanical strength, the friction and wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the corrosive wear resistance of the composite coating; the plating solution has the characteristics of strong dispersing capacity, good covering capacity, moderate conductivity, simple composition and convenience in maintenance, is suitable for electroplating various structural members, does not contain toxic substances, and is green and environment-friendly;
fourthly,And (3) adding the substrate treated in the first step and the second step into the composite plating solution obtained in the third step for electroplating, wherein the specific process parameters are as follows: the temperature is 70 ℃, the power supply mode is constant current, and the average current density is 3A/dm2And the electroplating time is 60min, magnetic stirring is adopted, the stirring speed is 2000r/min to inhibit the agglomeration of SiC in the plating solution, and after the electroplating is finished, the composite plating layer is cleaned by deionized water and dried by blowing, so that the preparation of the composite plating layer is finished. The anode of the composite coating is ruthenium-titanium-iridium.
The thickness of the prepared Fe-W-SiC micron composite coating is about 10 mu m, wherein the grain size of the Fe-W matrix alloy is about 0.5-1 mu m, and the particle size of SiC is about 1-2 mu m and is uniformly distributed, as shown in figure 1; comparing a pure Fe-W alloy coating (shown in figure 2) prepared from a plating solution consisting of ferric sulfate, sodium tungstate and sodium citrate with the same content under the same process condition, it can be seen that the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone and SiC plays a role in refining Fe-W grains, the grain size of Fe-W is about 2-4 μm, and the atomic percentage of Fe and W is about 1:1 (shown in figure 3); the composite plating layer is firmly combined with the matrix, and does not obviously fall off after 90-degree bending test and grid drawing test.
Example 2: preparation of Fe-W-SiC nano composite coating
This example differs from example 1 in that: the particle size of the SiC used in step III was in the nanometer range (about 40 nm), the content of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a dispersant was 2g/L, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
The Fe-W-SiC nanocomposite coating prepared in example 2 was similar in thickness and composition to the composite coating prepared in example 1, but was finer with a coating grain size in the nanoscale range, as shown in FIG. 4. In addition, compared with the Fe-W-SiC composite coating prepared under the condition of not adding the dispersing agent (as shown in FIG. 5, the agglomeration of SiC in the composite coating is serious), the agglomeration of nano SiC can be effectively inhibited by adding the polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Example 3: preparation of Fe-W-SiC micro-nano composite coating
This example differs from example 1 in that: the particle size of the SiC used in the third step is in the micro-nano scale range (40 nm-2 μm), and the rest is the same as that in the embodiment 1.
The thickness, the composition and the morphology of the Fe-W-SiC micro-nano composite coating prepared in the embodiment 3 are similar to those of the composite coatings prepared in the embodiments 1 and 2.
Example 4: preparation of Fe-Ni-W-SiC composite coating
The present embodiment is different from embodiments 1 to 3 in that: the composite plating solution used in the third step is added with nickel sulfate (NiSO)4·6H2O)27g/L, the same as in examples 1 to 3.
The thickness and the appearance of the Fe-Ni-W-SiC micron, nanometer or micro-nanometer composite coating prepared in the embodiment 4 are similar to those of the micron, nanometer or micro-nanometer composite coatings prepared in the embodiments 1-3.
Example 5: preparation of Fe-Co-W-SiC composite coating
The present embodiment is different from embodiments 1 to 3 in that: cobalt sulfate (CoSO) is added into the composite plating solution used in the third step4·7H2O)28g/L, the same as in examples 1 to 3.
The thickness and the appearance of the Fe-Co-W-SiC micron, nanometer or micro-nanometer composite coating prepared in the embodiment 5 are similar to those of the micron, nanometer or micro-nanometer composite coatings prepared in the embodiments 1-3.
Example 6: preparation of Fe-Co-Ni-W-SiC composite coating
The present embodiment is different from embodiments 1 to 3 in that: 27g/L of nickel sulfate and 28g/L of cobalt sulfate are added into the composite plating solution used in the third step, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 1-3.
The thickness and the appearance of the Fe-Co-Ni-W-SiC micron, nanometer or micro-nanometer composite coating prepared in the embodiment 6 are similar to those of the micron, nanometer or micro-nanometer composite coatings prepared in the embodiments 1-3.
Example 7: examples of Fe-W-SiC nanocomposite coating applications
The composite coating preparation method of example 2 is adopted to perform repairability electroplating on the steel-based piston, the piston rod, the crankshaft, the roller and the inner wall of the engine, the surface of which is abraded by friction, with the Fe-W-SiC nano composite coating, perform surface nano indentation test on the structural part repaired by composite plating, and compare the test result with the performance of the structural part repaired by chrome plating. The thickness, the composition and the morphology of the prepared nano composite coating are consistent with those of the composite coating prepared in example 2, the nano indentation curve is shown in FIG. 6, the nano hardness value is calculated to be about 11.37GPa, and the result is superior to that of the chromium coating with the hardness of 10GPa (PowderMetallurgy and Metal Ceramics,2009,48(7-8): 419; Surface Engineering and applied Electrochemistry,2012,48(6): 491-.
Example 8: examples of Fe-Ni-W-SiC nanocomposite coating applications
By adopting the method for preparing the composite coating in the embodiment 4, the Fe-Ni-W-SiC nano composite coating is electroplated for repairing the steel-based piston, the piston rod, the crankshaft, the roller and the inner wall of the engine, the structural part repaired by composite plating is subjected to surface nano indentation test, and the test result is compared with the performance of the structural part repaired by chrome plating. Similarly, the thickness, the composition and the appearance of the prepared nano composite plating layer are consistent with those of the composite plating layer prepared in the embodiment 4, and the hardness of the prepared nano composite plating layer is superior to that of a chromium plating layer.
Example 9: examples of Fe-Co-W-SiC nanocomposite coating applications
By adopting the method for preparing the composite coating in the embodiment 5, the Fe-Co-W-SiC nano composite coating is subjected to repairability electroplating on the steel-based piston, the piston rod, the crankshaft, the roller and the inner wall of the engine, the structural part repaired by composite plating is subjected to surface nano indentation test, and the test result is compared with the performance of the structural part repaired by chrome plating. Similarly, the thickness, the composition and the appearance of the prepared nano composite plating layer are consistent with those of the composite plating layer prepared in the example 5, and the hardness of the prepared nano composite plating layer is superior to that of a chromium plating layer.
Example 10: examples of the application of Fe-Co-Ni-W-SiC nanocomposite coatings
The composite coating preparation method of example 6 was used to perform repairability electroplating of Fe-Co-Ni-W-SiC nanocomposite coatings on steel-based pistons, piston rods, crankshafts, rolls, and engine inner walls, whose surfaces were abraded by friction, and to perform surface nanoindentation testing on the compositely repaired structural members, and the test results were compared with the performance of the structural members repaired by chrome plating. Similarly, the thickness, the composition and the appearance of the prepared nano composite plating layer are consistent with those of the composite plating layer prepared in the embodiment 6, and the hardness of the prepared nano composite plating layer is superior to that of a chromium plating layer.
Example 11: application examples of Fe, Co, Ni-W-SiC nanocomposite coating
The Fe, Co, Ni-W-SiC composite coatings prepared on the surfaces of the steel in the embodiments 1-6 have no shedding after a 90-degree bending test; the method meets the requirements of a test method for the adhesion strength of a covering layer on a metal substrate of national standard GB5270-200X on an electroplated layer.
Example 12: application examples of Fe, Co, Ni-W-SiC nanocomposite coating
The Fe, Co, Ni-W-SiC composite plating layers prepared in the embodiments 7-10 have good corrosion resistance, and meet the 5% salt water neutral salt fog test index of the national standard GB5938-86 corrosion resistance test method for metal plating layers and chemical treatment layers of light industrial products.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of an alloy of iron group elements and tungsten and a silicon carbide composite coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite plating solution: fe2+/Fe3+10-100 g/L, Co of salt2+/Co3+0-100 g/L, Ni of salt2+/Ni3+0-100 g/L of salt, 20-200 g/L of tungstate, 30-300 g/L of complexing agent, 0.1-10 g/L of dispersing agent and 1-20 g/L of silicon carbide; the solvent is water; the pH value of the composite plating solution is 7-14;
(2) putting the substrate into a composite electroplating solution for electroplating; the current used for electroplating is direct current, single pulse current, double pulse current or direct current/pulse superposed current; and is mechanically, pneumatically, jet-flowed or ultrasonically agitated during electroplating.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step (1), the dispersant is at least one of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene ether, sodium polyacrylate and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step (1), the complexing agent is at least one of tartaric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, citric acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, nicotinic acid, sulfamic acid, fluoboric acid, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 5' -dimethylhydantoin, ammonia water and salts thereof; in the step (2), the substrate is any conductor insoluble in the plating solution and an insulator subjected to metallization.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the specific parameters of the single pulse current in the step (2) are as follows: conduction time Ton0.1-1 ms, turn-off time Toff0.4-1 ms, 500-2000 Hz frequency f, and J current densitym＝0.5～10A/dm2(ii) a The specific parameters of the double-pulse current are as follows: t ison＝0.1～1ms，Toff0.4-1 ms, 0.5-2 ms pulse on-off period T, 500-2000 Hz f, and forward current density Jm +＝0.5～10A/dm2Reverse current density Jm -＝0.025～1A/dm2(ii) a The specific parameters of the direct current/pulse superposed current are as follows: f is 500-2000 Hz, J is 0.5-10A/dm2，Jm＝0.5～10A/dm2Or f is 500-2000 Hz, and J is 0.5-10A/dm2，Jm＝0.5～10A/dm2，Jm -＝0.025～1A/dm2。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the speed of mechanical stirring in the step (2) is 600-3000 r/min, and the flow rate of air stirring is 10-200 m3The flow rate of the jet flow stirring is 10-200 m3H, ultrasonic agitationThe frequency of (A) is 1 to 100 kHz.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
and (3) electroplating at the temperature of 5-95 ℃ for 0.1-10 h.
7. A composite coating of silicon carbide and an alloy of an iron group element and tungsten, prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The alloy of iron group element and tungsten and silicon carbide composite coating of claim 7, wherein: the matrix alloy in the composite plating layer is Fe-W, Fe-Co-W, Fe-Ni-W or Fe-Co-Ni-W.
9. The alloy of iron group element and tungsten and silicon carbide composite coating of claim 7, wherein: the thickness of the composite coating is 1-3000 mu m, the grain size of the matrix alloy is 0.01-10 mu m, the content of silicon carbide is 5-50 at%, and the silicon carbide is uniformly distributed.
10. The use of an alloy of an iron group element and tungsten and a silicon carbide composite coating according to any one of claims 7 to 9 in equipment additive repair and remanufacture.
CN202010595593.6A 2020-06-28 2020-06-28 Alloy of iron group element and tungsten and silicon carbide composite coating as well as preparation method and application thereof Pending CN111607817A (en)

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CN113174622A (en) * 2021-04-29 2021-07-27 北京航空航天大学 Composite coating with micron-scale roughness, preparation method and application
CN114197001A (en) * 2021-12-10 2022-03-18 南昌大学 High-temperature conductive protective composite coating, preparation method and application thereof
WO2022267384A1 (en) * 2021-06-23 2022-12-29 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 Fe-ni-p alloy electroplating solution, electro-deposition method for fe-ni-p alloy coating, and alloy coating

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CN113174622A (en) * 2021-04-29 2021-07-27 北京航空航天大学 Composite coating with micron-scale roughness, preparation method and application
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