CN111041398A - Method for enhancing tribological performance of nickel-based coating by using ceramic nanoparticles - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/042—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling using a particular milling fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for enhancing the tribological performance of a nickel-based coating by using ceramic nanoparticles, which mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing Ni60 alloy and ceramic nano-particles according to the component proportion of the coating, uniformly mixing the alloy and the ceramic nano-particles, and then preparing the high-performance wear-resistant coating on the surface of the metal matrix subjected to sand blasting treatment by an atmospheric plasma spraying technology. The ceramic nano particles exist in the sprayed composite powder provided by the invention, the crystal grain nucleation of a NiCrBSi matrix is facilitated, the surface defects such as pores, cracks and the like in the prepared coating are reduced, and under the water lubrication condition, the SiC ceramic nano particles are hydrolyzed under the action of a friction side effect to generate a continuous ceramic phase boundary lubricating film on a friction interface, so that the direct contact between the friction side and a nickel-based material is effectively isolated, the nickel-based material is protected, the interface hardness is obvious, and the wear resistance of the SiC-NiCrBSi composite coating is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of thermal spraying technology and surface engineering, in particular to a method for enhancing the tribological property of a nickel-based coating by using ceramic nanoparticles.
Background
The NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy is prepared by adding B and Si elements on the basis of Ni-Cr alloy, so that the NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy shows excellent performances, such as high hardness, low melting point, good fluidity and the like. During the spraying process, B element in the alloy reacts with Cr, Ni and other elements to form Cr2B. NiB and other hard phases are dispersed in the coating to perform dispersion strengthening on the coating, Si is mainly dissolved in the base material in a solid solution mode to perform solid solution strengthening, and Cr and C form carbide with high hardness, so that the microhardness and the strength of the alloy are greatly improved, and meanwhile, Si and B can expand the solid-liquid phase temperature range of the nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder, so that the powder shows excellent fluidity and wettability in the spraying process. Therefore, the NiCrBSi self-fluxing alloy material is one of coating materials with great use prospects at present, and is widely applied to the surface repair and long-acting protection of mechanical equipment and parts.
With the continuous development of science and technology, pure NiCrBSi coatings cannot meet the use requirements in harsh service environments, and NiCrBSi-based composite coatings become a development trend. Chinese patent CN 107267908A proposes a method for preparing a wear-resistant belt of a NiCrBSi-TiN gradient composite coating on the surface of a drill rod joint, wherein the original powder of the gradient coating is mixed powder of NiCrBSi powder and Ti powder, and the coating is prepared by plasma spraying and then is subjected to induction remelting treatment. The additive phase adopted by the patent can not form good metallurgical bonding with a NiCrBSi matrix, and the bonding interface strength between particles is low, so that the coating is easy to have the particle peeling phenomenon in the service process. Chinese patent CN 106399894A proposes a preparation method of a WC-NiCrBSi gradient wear-resistant coating, wherein the spraying material is WC and NiCrBSi composite powder, and the preparation method of the coating is atmospheric plasma spraying. The patent adopts the traditional plasma spraying process and the conventional plasma spraying powder, and the microstructure of the coating cannot reach the density of the patent, so that the wear resistance of the prepared coating is influenced. Chinese patent CN 108642434A proposes ZrH2The preparation method of the reinforced nickel-based composite material coating comprises the following step of taking ZrH as a coating raw material2And NiCrBSi mixed powder, and the preparation method of the coating is atmospheric plasma spraying. The problem that the performance of the coating is reduced and the coating fails due to the growth of crystal grains can be caused by adding the micron-sized reinforcing phase under the high-temperature condition. The above patent improves the tribological performance of the coating by adding the reinforcing particles to the NiCrBSi substrate, and only improves the hardness of the coating by dispersion strengthening of the reinforcing particles to improve the wear resistance, with limited influence on the wear resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for enhancing the tribological property of a nickel-based coating by using ceramic nanoparticles by utilizing the principle that the ceramic nanoparticles can generate hydrolysis in the friction process to form a boundary lubricating ceramic membrane on the friction surface and obviously improve the wear resistance of a composite coating.
The invention relates to a method for enhancing the tribological property of a nickel-based coating by utilizing ceramic nano particles, which comprises the following steps:
(1) powder mixing
Weighing Ni60 alloy powder and ceramic nano-particles according to the component proportion of the nickel-based coating, and uniformly mixing;
(2) and (2) preparing the coating by taking the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) as a raw material and carrying out atmospheric plasma spraying treatment on the surface of the metal matrix subjected to sand blasting treatment to prepare the nickel-based composite coating.
Further, in the step (1), the chemical components of the Ni60 alloy powder are as follows by weight percent: 17.59% of Cr, 3.23% of B, 4.07% of Si, 4.41% of Fe, 0.83% of C and the balance of Ni.
Further, in the step (1), the nickel-based coating comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 95wt% Ni60 alloy, 5wt% ceramic nanoparticles.
Further, in the step (1), the ceramic nanoparticles are SiC ceramic nanoparticles.
Further, in the step (1), the ceramic nanoparticles are large in specific surface area and strong in surface activity, so that serious agglomeration is easy to occur, in order to ensure that the ceramic nanoparticles and the Ni60 alloy powder are uniformly mixed, the Ni60 alloy powder is added into absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare a suspension, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is added to prepare a dispersing agent, then the ceramic nanoparticles are added to form a dispersion, ball milling is carried out for 2 hours according to ball milling parameters with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 and a rotating speed of 200r/min, drying is carried out for 10 hours at 100 ℃ after ball milling is finished, and ball milling is continued for 1 hour according to the same ball milling parameters.
Further, in the step (2), the metal matrix comprises any one of carbon steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and the like.
Further, in the step (2), the surface roughness of the metal substrate subjected to sand blasting is Ra 7.0-9.0.
Specifically, the surface of the metal matrix subjected to sand blasting is cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol, and then the surface of the base material is subjected to sand blasting by adopting brown corundum sand of 24 meshes to obtain the composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1) under the condition of water lubrication, the ceramic nanoparticles in the nickel-based coating can generate a continuous boundary lubricating film on a friction interface under the action of hydrolysis, so that the direct contact between a friction pair and the surface of the coating is effectively isolated, the friction surface is protected, the abrasion of the coating is reduced, the tribological performance of the composite coating is obviously improved, and the service life of a base material is effectively prolonged.
2) The ceramic nano particles in the nickel-based coating provided by the invention form good metallurgical bonding with the NiCrBSi matrix, the interface bonding strength is obviously improved, and the surface defects such as pores, cracks and the like in the coating are reduced.
3) The invention provides a method for enhancing the tribological performance of a nickel-based coating by using ceramic nanoparticles, and provides a new idea for regulating and controlling the structure of the nano coating according to specific service working conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of the SiC-NiCrBSi composite coating of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional SEM photograph of the SiC-NiCrBSi composite coating of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a TEM image of the friction interface of the SiC-NiCrBSi composite coating under the water lubrication condition in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the following further describes the present invention with reference to the drawings and specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and based on the embodiments of the present invention, implementation results obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive changes are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention utilizes the method of ceramic nano particles to enhance the tribological performance of the nickel-based coating, and realizes the method of generating a continuous boundary lubricating film in the friction process of the composite coating under the condition of water lubrication, thereby improving the comprehensive use performance of the metal matrix, obviously reducing the wear failure of the metal matrix in the use process and effectively prolonging the service life of the matrix material.
The powder, apparatus and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by a conventional method.
Example 1:
1) the mixed powder for spraying comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni60 alloy powder: 95 percent; SiC ceramic nanopowder: 5 percent.
2) In order to ensure that the SiC ceramic nano powder and the Ni60 alloy powder are uniformly mixed, adding the Ni60 alloy powder into absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare a suspension, adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a dispersing agent, adding the SiC ceramic nano powder to form a dispersion solution, ball-milling for 2 hours according to ball-milling parameters with the ball-material ratio of 10:1 and the rotating speed of 200r/min, drying for 10 hours at 100 ℃ after ball-milling is finished, and continuing ball-milling for 1 hour according to the same ball-milling parameters.
3) And pouring the dried mixed powder into a powder feeder, and adjusting powder feeding airflow to ensure that the powder is just fed into the center of the plasma flame flow. The technological parameters of the atmospheric plasma spraying are as follows: spraying distance is 100mm, and plasma gas flow H2The flow rate is 4 L.min-1Ar flow rate of 40 L.min-1The current is 516A, the voltage is 50V, and the moving speed of the spray gun is 200mm · s-1The spraying was repeated 4 times with 3mm downward movement each time. Metal matrix finally treated by sand blastingThe surface is deposited with the SiC-Ni60 composite coating with the thickness of about 350-400 mu m.
4) And analyzing the phase composition of the prepared SiC-Ni60 composite coating by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results are shown in FIG. 1, in which the composite coating of SiC-Ni60 contains NiC and Cr7C3And Cr23C6The peaks of the hard phases are significantly enhanced and these hard phases act as dispersion strengthening in the coating.
5) And the section of the prepared composite coating is observed by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), so that the layered structure of the coating can be obviously seen, and the interlayer structure is well combined, as shown in figure 2, the addition of the SiC ceramic nanoparticles is beneficial to the nucleation of Ni60 matrix grains, so that the density of the microstructure of the SiC-Ni60 composite coating is obviously improved.
6) And performing a ball disc friction and wear test on the prepared coating, and performing a friction test simultaneously under the same condition as a control. Wherein the dual ball is ZrO with a diameter of 5mm2Ball, load 10N, frequency 4Hz, grinding crack length 5mm, total friction time 2 h. The results show that the volume wear rate of the SiC-Ni60 composite coating is 1.122 multiplied by 10 under the non-lubrication condition-5mm3M, 3.586X 10 less than pure Ni60 coating-5mm3N · m. Under the condition of water lubrication, the volume wear rate of the SiC-Ni60 composite coating is 8.123 multiplied by 10-7mm3M, far lower than 6.551X 10 of pure Ni60 coating-6mm3/N·m。
7) The surface of the grinding mark of the water mill sample is cut by utilizing a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technology, and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) observation is carried out, so that a layer of continuous boundary lubricating film with the thickness of 50nm is covered on the surface of the grinding mark, as shown in figure 3, the SiC ceramic nanoparticles are hydrolyzed under the water lubricating condition to form the boundary lubricating film to cover the friction surface, the protection effect on the surface of a metal matrix is achieved, the abrasion of the metal surface is reduced, and the boundary lubricating effect of a friction pair is obviously improved.
Example 2:
the difference from example 1 is that: the mixed powder for spraying in the step 1) is Ni45 alloy powder (mass percent): 97 percent; SiC ceramic powder: 3 percent. In order to ensure SiC ceramicThe porcelain powder was uniformly mixed with the Ni60 alloy powder, and the mixture was subjected to the step 2) of example 1. In the step 6), the volume wear rate of the sprayed SiC-Ni60 composite coating is 1.422 multiplied by 10 under the dry grinding condition-5mm3M, 3.586X 10 less than pure Ni60 coating-5mm3N · m. Under the water lubrication condition, the volume wear rate of the SiC-Ni60 composite coating is 1.153 multiplied by 10-6mm3M, far lower than 6.551X 10 of pure Ni60 coating- 6mm3N · m. The surface of the grinding mark of the water mill sample is cut by utilizing a focused ion beam technology, and a transmission electron microscope observation is carried out, so that a layer of continuous boundary lubricating film is arranged on the surface of the grinding mark.
Example 3:
the difference from example 1 is that: the mixed powder for spraying in the step 1) is Ni60 alloy powder: 95 percent; TiO 22Ceramic powder: 5 percent. To ensure TiO2The ceramic powder and the Ni60 alloy powder were mixed uniformly, and the mixture was mixed in step 2) of example 1. In step 6), the sprayed TiO is subjected to dry grinding2The bulk wear rate of the-Ni 60 composite coating was 2.133X 10-5mm3M, 3.586X 10 less than pure Ni60 coating-5mm3N · m. Under water lubrication condition, TiO2The bulk wear rate of the-Ni 60 composite coating was 3.106X 10-6mm3M, far lower than 6.551X 10 of pure Ni60 coating-6mm3N · m. And cutting the surface of the grinding trace of the water grinding sample by utilizing a focused ion beam technology, and observing by using a transmission electron microscope, wherein a continuous boundary lubricating film is not observed.
Example 4:
the difference from example 1 is that: the mixed powder for spraying in the step 1) is Ni60 alloy powder (mass percent): 99 percent; al (Al)2O3Ceramic powder: 5 percent. To ensure Al2O3The ceramic powder and the Ni60 alloy powder were mixed uniformly, and the mixture was mixed in step 2) of example 1. In step 6), spray-coated Al under dry-milling conditions2O3The bulk wear rate of the-Ni 60 composite coating was 2.217X 10-5mm3Lower than pure Ni60 coating3.586×10-5mm3N · m. And under water lubrication conditions, Al2O3The bulk wear rate of the-Ni 60 composite coating was 3.523X 10-6mm3M, far lower than 6.551X 10 of pure Ni60 coating-6mm3N · m. And cutting the surface of the grinding trace of the water grinding sample by utilizing a focused ion beam technology, and observing by using a transmission electron microscope, wherein a continuous boundary lubricating film is not observed.
Example 5:
the difference from example 1 is that: the mixed powder for spraying in the step 1) is Ni60 alloy powder (mass percent): 99 percent; si4N3Ceramic powder: 5 percent. To ensure Si4N3The ceramic powder and the Ni60 alloy powder were mixed uniformly, and the mixture was mixed in step 2) of example 1. In step 6), spray-coated Si under dry-milling conditions4N3The bulk wear rate of the-Ni 60 composite coating was 2.162X 10-5mm3M, 3.586X 10 less than pure Ni60 coating-5mm3N · m. And under water lubrication conditions, Si4N3The bulk wear rate of the-Ni 60 composite coating was 3.223X 10-6mm3M, far lower than 6.551X 10 of pure Ni60 coating-6mm3N · m. And cutting the surface of the grinding trace of the water grinding sample by utilizing a focused ion beam technology, and observing by using a transmission electron microscope, wherein a continuous boundary lubricating film is not observed.
Claims (8)
1. A method for enhancing the tribological performance of a nickel-based coating by using ceramic nanoparticles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) powder mixing
Weighing Ni60 alloy powder and ceramic nano-particles according to the component proportion of the nickel-based coating, and uniformly mixing;
(2) preparation of the coating
And (2) taking the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) as a raw material, and carrying out atmospheric plasma spraying treatment on the surface of the metal matrix subjected to sand blasting treatment to prepare the nickel-based composite coating.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the Ni60 alloy powder has a chemical composition in weight percent: 17.59% of Cr, 3.23% of B, 4.07% of Si, 4.41% of Fe, 0.83% of C and the balance of Ni.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the nickel-based coating comprises the following composition: 95wt% Ni60 alloy, 5wt% ceramic nanoparticles.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ceramic nanoparticles are SiC ceramic nanoparticles.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Ni60 alloy powder and the ceramic nano-particles are weighed according to the component proportion of the nickel-based coating and uniformly mixed as follows: adding Ni60 alloy powder into absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare suspension, adding polyethylene glycol as a dispersing agent, adding ceramic nano particles to form dispersion, carrying out ball milling for 2h according to ball milling parameters with a ball-material ratio of 10:1 and a rotating speed of 200r/min, drying for 10h at 100 ℃ after the ball milling is finished, and continuing ball milling for 1h according to the same ball milling parameters.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal matrix comprises any one of carbon steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy, and titanium alloy.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the grit blasted metal substrate has a surface roughness of Ra 7.0 to 9.0.
8. A method according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the grit blasted metal substrate surface is obtained by cleaning with absolute ethanol and then grit blasting the substrate surface with 24 mesh brown corundum sand.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN111118349A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-08 | 阳江职业技术学院 | Reaction brazing coating process of ceramic phase nickel-based alloy composite coating |
| CN112126885A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-12-25 | 江苏南钢通恒特材科技有限公司 | Preparation method of high-temperature-resistant insulating coating of electromagnetic induction heating coil |
| CN112525749A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-19 | 扬州大学 | Tribology state online identification method based on friction signal recursion characteristic |
| CN113235036A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-10 | 江苏天沃重工科技有限公司 | Preparation method of hard particle reinforced impact wear-resistant coating for machine-made sand |
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| CN111118349B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-03-30 | 阳江职业技术学院 | Reaction brazing coating process of ceramic phase nickel-based alloy composite coating |
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