CN111549311A - Self-lubricating ceramic composite powder and preparation method of self-lubricating ceramic composite coating - Google Patents
Self-lubricating ceramic composite powder and preparation method of self-lubricating ceramic composite coating Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
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Abstract
The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder provided by the present disclosure comprises the following components by weight: oxide ceramic powder: 65% to 95%, B:0 to 35 percent of Mo, 0 to 35 percent of V, 0 to 35 percent of Mo and 0 to 35 percent of Pb. By doping B, V, Mo, Pb and other powder into oxide ceramic powder, the elementary powder is heated and oxidized to form B2O3、V2O5、MoO3Oxides such as PbO, etc., and forms a composite coating with the oxide ceramic powder. B is2O3、V2O5、MoO3And oxides such as PbO and the like are soft oxides at high temperature, so that the friction and wear coefficient of the coating material is reduced, and the wear resistance of the wear-resistant coating material is improved. The preparation method of the self-lubricating ceramic composite coating provided by the disclosure comprises the step of preparing the self-lubricating ceramic composite coating by using mixed materialsThe mixture is dried to prepare a raw material, and finally a self-lubricating ceramic composite coating is formed by a supersonic plasma spraying process, and the friction and wear coefficient of the self-lubricating ceramic composite coating prepared by the scheme is less than 0.3 within the high temperature range of 400-900 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to self-lubricating ceramic composite powders and methods of making self-lubricating ceramic composite coatings.
Background
The friction and abrasion of the surface of the material and the like are main reasons for the failure of mechanical workpieces, and particularly, the friction and abrasion of the material are more serious in a high-temperature environment, so that the service lives of a plurality of mechanical parts are greatly reduced, and huge economic loss and resource waste are caused. For example, a hydraulic piston rod and the like are used as key core components for transmission and work application in engineering mechanical equipment, in practical application, due to a high-temperature and high-pressure severe use environment, dust and sand particles enter a hydraulic cylinder to abrade the piston rod and a cylinder body, so that the sealing property of the hydraulic cylinder is reduced, the working efficiency is reduced, and finally the whole working component cannot be normally used and is discarded.
In order to solve the problem of wear failure of the piston rod, the working surface protection effect is not ideal by adopting the technologies of electroplating, brush plating, surfacing and the like, and the great environmental pollution is brought. At present, hot spraying of oxide ceramic materials is adopted in Japan, America and other countries to improve the friction and wear resistance of piston rods in high-temperature environments, such as Cr2O3Ceramic coating, Al2O3Ceramic coating, TiO2Ceramic coating, etc. to the piston rod, etc. and play a good protective effect. However, in the later use process, the friction coefficient of the ceramic coating is more than 0.5, the coating still generates abrasion after long-time use, the roughness of the coating is increased, and in the later use process, the hard phase of the rough piston rod further generates abrasion and strain on the cylinder body, so that the air tightness of the hydraulic cylinder is reduced, and even the cylinder body is scrapped.
Therefore, the coating material in the prior art has the technical problem of poor wear resistance, and particularly, the wear resistance of the coating material is greatly reduced at the temperature of more than 500 ℃, so that the application range of the coating material is severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The disclosure provides self-lubricating ceramic composite powder, which solves the technical problem of poor wear resistance of wear-resistant coating materials in the prior art.
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a self-lubricating ceramic composite powder comprising, in weight percent: oxide ceramic powder: 65% to 95%, B:0 to 35 percent of Mo, 0 to 35 percent of V, 0 to 35 percent of Mo and 0 to 35 percent of Pb.
The present disclosure providesThe self-lubricating ceramic composite powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: oxide ceramic powder: 65% to 95%, B:0 to 35 percent of Mo, 0 to 35 percent of V, 0 to 35 percent of Mo and 0 to 35 percent of Pb. By doping B, V, Mo, Pb and other powder into oxide ceramic powder, the elementary powder is heated and oxidized to form B2O3、V2O5、MoO3Oxides such as PbO, etc., and forms a composite coating with the oxide ceramic powder. B is2O3、V2O5、MoO3And oxides such as PbO and the like are soft oxides at high temperature, so that the friction and wear coefficient of the coating material is reduced, and the wear resistance of the wear-resistant coating material is improved.
Preferably, the oxide ceramic powder is Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2One of (1); or the oxide ceramic powder is Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2A mixture of any two of; or the oxide ceramic powder is Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2A mixture of any three of (a) and (b).
The oxide ceramic powder has various optional schemes, and the use cost of the self-lubricating ceramic composite powder is reduced.
Preferably, the oxide ceramic powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 80%, B: 4 percent of V, 6 percent of Mo, 3 percent of Mo and 7 percent of Pb.
Preferably, the oxide ceramic powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 68% and B: 5 percent of V, 6 percent of Mo, 10 percent of Pb and 11 percent of Pb.
Preferably, the oxide ceramic powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 90%, B: 4 percent of V, 1 percent of Mo, 3 percent of Mo and 2 percent of Pb.
Preferably, the oxide ceramic powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 75%, B:2 percent of V, 4 percent of Mo, 7 percent of Mo and 12 percent of Pb.
In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a self-lubricating ceramic composite coating, comprising the steps of: oxide ceramic powder with the following components in percentage by weight: 65% to 95%, B:0 to 35 percent of V, 0 to 35 percent of Mo and 0 to 35 percent of Pb are mixed for 20 to 40 hours to prepare a mixture;
drying the prepared mixture for 1 to 2 hours at the temperature of between 80 and 100 ℃ to prepare a raw material;
the prepared raw materials are sprayed on a base material by adopting a supersonic plasma spraying process to form a self-lubricating ceramic composite coating.
The preparation method of the self-lubricating ceramic composite coating comprises the steps of preparing a mixture by mixing materials, drying the mixture to prepare a raw material, and finally forming the self-lubricating ceramic composite coating by a supersonic plasma spraying process, wherein the porosity of the self-lubricating ceramic composite coating prepared by adopting the scheme is less than 1.5%; microhardness of coating is more than 1000HV0.2(ii) a The bonding strength of the coating and the matrix is more than or equal to 60 MPa; the friction and wear coefficient of the coating is less than 0.3 in the high temperature range of 400-900 ℃. The coating prepared by the scheme effectively meets the self-lubricating requirement under the high-temperature condition, and avoids MoS2、FeS、CaF2And the self-lubricating material is oxidized and loses efficacy in the spraying process.
Preferably, the oxide ceramic powder has a particle size of 20 to 90 μm.
By reasonably limiting the granularity of the oxide ceramic powder, the wear resistance of the coating is effectively optimized, and the service life of the coating is prolonged.
Preferably, the purity of the B, the V, the Mo and the Pb is not lower than 99.95 percent.
This scheme is favorable to improving the wear resistance of coating through the purity of reasonable limited relevant material to, the coating is favorable to the shaping of coating when the spraying.
Preferably, the self-lubricating ceramic composite coating is formed to have a thickness of 200 to 300 μm.
The thickness of the coating is reasonable, and the cost of the coating is reduced on the premise of meeting the wear resistance of the coating, so that the application cost of the coating is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a performance test chart of application example 1.
Fig. 2 is a performance test chart of application example 2.
Fig. 3 is a performance test chart of application example 3.
Detailed Description
The present disclosure is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the following embodiments are merely exemplary and are not all embodiments of the technical solutions of the present disclosure.
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a self-lubricating ceramic composite powder comprising, in weight percent: oxide ceramic powder: 65% to 95%, B:0 to 35 percent of Mo, 0 to 35 percent of V, 0 to 35 percent of Mo and 0 to 35 percent of Pb.
The scheme is mainly characterized in that powder such as B (boron), V (vanadium), Mo (molybdenum), Pb (lead) and the like is doped into oxide ceramic powder, and elemental powder is heated and oxidized to form B2O3、V2O5、MoO3Oxides such as PbO, etc., and forms a composite coating with the oxide ceramic powder.
B2O3、V2O5、MoO3Oxides such as PbO are soft oxides at high temperatures, and the coefficient of friction and wear of the coating material is reduced.
Correspondingly, the content of the B, V, Mo and Pb powder can be reasonably selected in the above range, the specific content is not limited, and the higher the content of the B, V, Mo and Pb powder is, the better the wear resistance of the powder under high temperature conditions is.
The high temperature herein refers to 400 ℃ to 900 ℃, and obviously, the technical scheme of the disclosure has better wear resistance in the temperature range of 400 ℃ to 900 ℃, however, the temperature range is not limited, and the technical scheme of the disclosure can be applied to other temperature environments.
In combination with some of the above embodiments, the oxide ceramic powder is Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2One kind of (1).
Or the oxide ceramic powder is Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2A mixture of any two of.
Or the oxide ceramic powder is Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2A mixture of any three of (a) and (b).
In this embodiment, since Cr is contained in the alloy2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2Has similar chemical and physical properties, so when the oxidized ceramic powder is Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2When the two or three materials are mixed, the proportion of each material is not limited and can be freely selected. For example, the materials may be mixed in an even ratio, i.e., the amounts of the materials are approximately equal.
It is understood that when the ceramic oxide powder is a mixture, three or more kinds of materials may be uniformly mixed.
In combination with some embodiments of any of the above embodiments, the following embodiments only disclose some possible ratios, but do not limit the above technical solutions, for example:
the self-lubricating ceramic composite powder comprises the following oxide ceramic powder in percentage by weight: 80%, B: 4 percent of V, 6 percent of Mo, 3 percent of Mo and 7 percent of Pb.
The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder comprises the following oxide ceramic powder in percentage by weight: 68% and B: 5 percent of V, 6 percent of Mo, 10 percent of Pb and 11 percent of Pb.
The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder comprises the following oxide ceramic powder in percentage by weight: 90%, B: 4 percent of V, 1 percent of Mo, 3 percent of Mo and 2 percent of Pb.
The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder comprises the following oxide ceramic powder in percentage by weight: 75%, B:2 percent of V, 4 percent of Mo, 7 percent of Mo and 12 percent of Pb.
The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder comprises Cr2O3:65、TiO2：15%、B：5%、V: 2%、Mo:8%、Pb: 5%。
The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder comprises Al in percentage by weight2O3:55、ZrO2：10%、TiO2：10%、B：2%、V: 6%、Mo:4%、Pb: 3%。
In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a self-lubricating ceramic composite coating, comprising the steps of: oxide ceramic powder with the following components in percentage by weight: 65% to 95%, B:0 to 35 percent of V, 0 to 35 percent of Mo and 0 to 35 percent of Pb are mixed for 20 to 40 hours to prepare a mixture;
drying the prepared mixture for 1 to 2 hours at the temperature of between 80 and 100 ℃ to prepare a raw material;
the prepared raw materials are sprayed on a base material by adopting a supersonic plasma spraying process to form a self-lubricating ceramic composite coating.
In this scheme, can adopt the ball-mill to mix the material and make the mixture, mixing time can rationally select in above-mentioned time interval, and the longer mixing time is more even the mixture.
In this scheme, can utilize the oven to adopt the mode of paving to dry to the mixture and make raw and other materials, stoving temperature can rationally select in above-mentioned interval, and stoving time can rationally select in above-mentioned time interval. The higher the drying temperature is, the longer the drying time is, and the better the drying performance of the raw material is.
In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, the oxide ceramic powder has a particle size of 20 μm to 90 μm. It is understood that the smaller the particle size, the better the properties, and the particle size of the oxide ceramic powder is reasonably selected within the above range in view of the processing cost. For example: may be 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, etc.
In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, none of the B, V, Mo, Pb has a purity of less than 99.95%.
In combination with some embodiments of the second aspect, the self-lubricating ceramic composite coating is formed to have a thickness of 200 μm to 300 μm.
The thickness of the self-lubricating ceramic composite coating is not particularly limited and can be reasonably selected according to the application environment.
The technical solutions of the present disclosure are introduced above, and the present disclosure is further described below with reference to some specific application examples, which are only some possible applications and are not limitations on the technical solutions of the present disclosure.
Application example 1
In the powder with the particle size of 20 mu m to 45 mu mCr2O3The powder is doped with 4wt% of pure B, 6wt% of pure V, 3wt% of pure Mo and 7wt% of pure Pb powder, and the powder is mixed in a ball mill for 25 hours to realize the homogenization of the composite powder.
And flatly spreading the composite powder and drying the composite powder in an oven, wherein the heat preservation temperature of the oven is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours.
Cleaning the surface of the 45 steel substrate by using acetone or alcohol in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and drying the 45 steel substrate in an oven at the heat preservation temperature of 60 ℃.
And (3) derusting and roughening the surface of the cleaned spraying substrate by adopting an aerodynamic sand blasting method, wherein the sand blasting method adopts 25-mesh white corundum, the pressure of compressed air during sand blasting is 0.45MPa, and no obvious light reflection exists on the surface.
The composite powder in this example was spray coated onto the roughened substrate using a supersonic plasma spray at a gun power of 95kW, an argon flow of 298SCFH (cubic feet per hour), a nitrogen flow of 110SCFH (cubic feet per hour), a hydrogen flow of 100SCFH (cubic feet per hour), a dispensing rate of 68g/min, and a spray distance of 125 mm.
The thickness of the coating is 250 μm; the porosity of the coating was 1.1%; microhardness of the coating is 1150HV0.2(ii) a The bonding strength of the coating and the substrate is 65 MPa; the friction and wear coefficient of the coating is 0.27 in the high temperature range of 500 ℃, and the coating has good high-temperature self-lubricating effect as shown in figure 1.
Application example 2
Cr in powder particle size of μm 20-45 μm2O3TiO powder with grain size of 45-90 μm2The powder, pure B powder, pure V powder, pure Mo powder and pure Pb powder are mixed according to the following weight percentage: cr (chromium) component2O3:65、TiO2: 15%, B: 5 percent of V, 2 percent of Mo and 5 percent of Pb, and mixing the powder in a ball mill for 35 hours to realize the homogenization of the composite powder。
And flatly spreading the composite powder and drying the composite powder in an oven, wherein the heat preservation temperature of the oven is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours.
Cleaning the surface of the 40Cr substrate by using acetone or alcohol in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and drying the substrate in an oven at the heat preservation temperature of 60 ℃.
And (3) derusting and roughening the surface of the cleaned spraying substrate by adopting an aerodynamic sand blasting method, wherein the sand blasting method adopts 25-mesh white corundum, the pressure of compressed air during sand blasting is 0.45MPa, and no obvious light reflection exists on the surface.
The composite powder in this example was spray coated onto the roughened substrate using a supersonic plasma spray at a gun power of 98kW, an argon flow of 310SCFH (cubic feet per hour), a nitrogen flow of 110SCFH (cubic feet per hour), a hydrogen flow of 110SCFH (cubic feet per hour), a dispensing rate of 65g/min, and a spray distance of 120 mm.
The thickness of the coating is 280 μm; the porosity of the coating was 1.2%; microhardness of the coating is 1100HV0.2(ii) a The bonding strength of the coating and the substrate is 63 MPa; the friction and wear coefficient of the coating is 0.25 at a high temperature of 500 ℃, and the coating has a good high-temperature self-lubricating effect as shown in figure 2.
Application example 3
Al in the powder particle size of 20 to 45 μm2O3Powder, 20 μm to 45 μm ZrO2Powder with a particle size of 45 to 90 [ mu ] mTiO2The powder, pure B powder, pure V powder, pure Mo powder and pure Pb powder are mixed according to the following weight percentage: cr (chromium) component2O3:55、ZrO2：10%、TiO2:10%, B:2 percent of V, 6 percent of Mo and 3 percent of Pb, and mixing the powder in a ball mill for 35 hours to realize the homogenization of the composite powder.
And flatly spreading the composite powder and drying the composite powder in an oven, wherein the heat preservation temperature of the oven is 100 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours.
Cleaning the surface of the 40Cr substrate by using acetone or alcohol in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and drying the substrate in an oven at the heat preservation temperature of 60 ℃.
And (3) derusting and roughening the surface of the cleaned spraying substrate by adopting an aerodynamic sand blasting method, wherein the sand blasting method adopts 25-mesh white corundum, the pressure of compressed air during sand blasting is 0.45MPa, and no obvious light reflection exists on the surface.
The composite powder in this example was spray coated onto the roughened substrate using a supersonic plasma spray at a torch power of 90kW, an argon flow of 295SCFH (cubic feet per hour), a nitrogen flow of 105SCFH (cubic feet per hour), a hydrogen flow of 100SCFH (cubic feet per hour), a dispensing rate of 70g/min, and a spray distance of 130 mm.
The thickness of the coating was 245 μm; the porosity of the coating was 1.0%; microhardness of the coating was 1180HV0.2(ii) a The bonding strength of the coating and the substrate is 68 MPa; the friction and wear coefficient of the coating is 0.24 in the high temperature range of 500 ℃, and the coating has good high-temperature self-lubricating effect as shown in figure 3.
While several possible embodiments of the disclosure have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that these embodiments are not all embodiments of the disclosure, and that others may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept.
Claims (10)
1. The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: oxide ceramic powder: 65% to 95%, B:0 to 35 percent of Mo, 0 to 35 percent of V, 0 to 35 percent of Mo and 0 to 35 percent of Pb.
2. The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder of claim 1, wherein: the oxide ceramic powder is Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2One of (1); or the oxide ceramic powder is Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2A mixture of any two of; or the oxide ceramic powder is Cr2O3、Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2A mixture of any three of (a) and (b).
3. The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder of claim 1, wherein: comprises the following oxide ceramic powder in percentage by weight: 80%, B: 4 percent of V, 6 percent of Mo, 3 percent of Mo and 7 percent of Pb.
4. The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder of claim 1, wherein: comprises the following oxide ceramic powder in percentage by weight: 68% and B: 5 percent of V, 6 percent of Mo, 10 percent of Pb and 11 percent of Pb.
5. The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder of claim 1, wherein: comprises the following oxide ceramic powder in percentage by weight: 90%, B: 4 percent of V, 1 percent of Mo, 3 percent of Mo and 2 percent of Pb.
6. The self-lubricating ceramic composite powder of claim 1, wherein: comprises the following oxide ceramic powder in percentage by weight: 75%, B:2 percent of V, 4 percent of Mo, 7 percent of Mo and 12 percent of Pb.
7. The preparation method of the self-lubricating ceramic composite coating is characterized by comprising the following steps: oxide ceramic powder with the following components in percentage by weight: 65% to 95%, B:0 to 35 percent of V, 0 to 35 percent of Mo and 0 to 35 percent of Pb are mixed for 20 to 40 hours to prepare a mixture;
drying the prepared mixture for 1 to 2 hours at the temperature of between 80 and 100 ℃ to prepare a raw material;
the prepared raw materials are sprayed on a base material by adopting a supersonic plasma spraying process to form a self-lubricating ceramic composite coating.
8. The method for preparing a self-lubricating ceramic composite coating according to claim 7, characterized in that: the oxide ceramic powder has a particle size of 20 to 90 μm.
9. The method for preparing a self-lubricating ceramic composite coating according to claim 7, characterized in that: the purities of the B, the V, the Mo and the Pb are not less than 99.95 percent.
10. The method for preparing a self-lubricating ceramic composite coating according to claim 7, characterized in that: the thickness of the self-lubricating ceramic composite coating is 200-300 μm.
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| CN114134451A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-04 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Self-repairing fuel rod cladding tube coating suitable for light water reactor and preparation method thereof |
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