CN113216095A - Silt dam stacked by arsenic sandstone modules and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Silt dam stacked by arsenic sandstone modules and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113216095A CN113216095A CN202110538124.5A CN202110538124A CN113216095A CN 113216095 A CN113216095 A CN 113216095A CN 202110538124 A CN202110538124 A CN 202110538124A CN 113216095 A CN113216095 A CN 113216095A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
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Abstract
A silt dam stacked by adopting arsenopyrite modules and a construction method thereof are disclosed, wherein one or more than one film bag layer is laid on a dam slope on the upstream face of the silt dam, each film bag layer consists of arsenopyrite modules, each arsenopyrite module is provided with a square bag, arsenopyrite or modified arsenopyrite is filled in each bag, the periphery of each bag is sealed, and the whole mold bag can not make the arsenopyrite in each bag lost by water or break away from the outside of each bag due to the arsenopyrite. The arsenopyrite modules are stacked from bottom to top from the dam foundation to the top of the dam sequentially and are in close contact with each other. The bottom of the arsenicum sand module is arranged below the dam foundation in a single-layer or multi-layer conical shape, so that the toe of the silt dam is ensured to be firm, and the dam body is prevented from slipping. The dam abutment mold bag is embedded into the mountain bodies on the two sides. The water surface of the back of the silting dam is completely formed into a pile by undisturbed sandstone, and the slope surface is planted green, so that the slope surface is prevented from being eroded by rainwater. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, high structural strength, good stability, low cost, local material, long service life, convenient construction and good effects of retaining water and soil, blocking sand and storing silt.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to design and construction of a silt dam in hydraulic engineering, and the silt dam can utilize natural resources, achieve stable structure and effectively inhibit water and soil loss.
Background
The arsenopyrite is a loose rock stratum, in particular to a rock interbedded layer consisting of thick-layer sandstone, sand shale and argillaceous sandstone in the ancient and middle-age triassic, Jurassic and chalky ages, and is a continental clastic rock system, and due to the fact that the thickness of an overlying rock layer is small and the pressure is low, the arsenopyrite is low in diagenesis degree, poor in cementation degree between sand grains, low in structural strength and poor in stability, and is intensively distributed on the Erdos plateau in the northern Shanxi bordering area of the loess plateau.
Arsenicum sand is hard like stone in dry state, and because it contains montmorillonite mineral, it disintegrates into mud when meeting water. Therefore, the water and soil loss of the soft sandstone in the region of Ordos Gao is very serious in long-term exposure to the sun and rain, and becomes a main source of coarse sand in the midstream of the yellow river, so that the sand in the midstream and the downstream of the yellow river is deposited, the water and soil is lost in a large area, and the ecological damage is serious.
Building a silty dam is an effective measure for controlling water and soil loss and improving agricultural production conditions, sand is blocked and water is stored, the stored clear water can be used for irrigation, and the settled sand can form a fertile dam land. The existing land dam technology mainly has the following forms:
1. the silt dam tamped by clay has the following defects: the structural strength is low, and the service life is short.
2. The concrete dam formed by pouring concrete has the following defects: concrete is difficult to transport to the construction site.
3. The siltation dam built by piling, rolling and constructing arsenic sandstone has the following defects: the stability is extremely poor, and the dam is very easy to break after being washed by flood or soaked for a long time after raining.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a silt dam adopting arsenic sandstone modules for stacking, which adopts the technical scheme that: the side slope of the arsenic sand check dam adjacent to water is paved with one or more film bag layers, each film bag layer is provided with arsenic sand modules, the arsenic sand modules are stacked from the dam foundation to the top according to the trend of the side slope from bottom to top and are stacked to the top of the dam to form a film bag layer, and the adjacent arsenic sand modules of the film bag layer are mutually contacted and compacted.
The arsenopyrite module is provided with a square bag, arsenopyrite or modified arsenopyrite is filled in the square bag, and the periphery of the bag filled with arsenopyrite or modified arsenopyrite is sealed to form the arsenopyrite module; the modified sandstone is prepared by mixing arsenicum sand and a modifier, and has the characteristics of higher material strength, difficult deformation and strong water resistance. The bottom of the film bag layer is fixed on a dam foundation, one side of the film bag layer, which is back to water, is embedded into a side slope or an adjacent film bag layer, and the sandstone module at the joint of the film bag layer and the dam abutment is embedded into the dam abutment.
The periphery of the bag filled with the modified sandstone is tightly sealed to form a sandstone module, no gap exists between every two sandstone modules, the two sandstone modules are tightly contacted, and the adjacent sandstone modules are compacted to form a film bag layer. The bottom of the film bag layer is stably fixed on the dam foundation, just like the foundation; from the bottom of the film bag layer, the arsenicum modules are staggered and superposed from bottom to top to form a firm wall which can comprehensively protect the side slope (arsenicum sand check dam), cover the side slope (arsenicum sand check dam), isolate rainwater or other water from the side slope (arsenicum sand check dam), avoid rainwater from scouring the side slope (arsenicum sand check dam) and further avoid water and soil loss. Because the film bag layer is built by arsenic sand modules, the modified arsenic sand (arsenic sand) in the bag has a process of absorbing and discharging rainwater, so that the flow rate of rainwater or other water quality can be relieved, further the scouring strength of rainwater on the side slope (arsenic sand siltation dam) is reduced, and water and soil loss is avoided. The film bag layer structure is stable, rainwater is poured on the film bag layer, close contact between the arsenicum modules can be further promoted, and the rainwater is poured on the film bag layer and is mixed with the floating sand on the surface of the film bag layer, and the mixture exists between the adjacent arsenicum modules, so that a mutual adsorption force is generated between the arsenicum modules, and the contact between the arsenicum modules is promoted to be more close like cement, and further the film bag layer structure is more stable.
Because the modified sandstone is arranged in the bag, the modified sandstone cannot flow out of the bag along with rainwater when being brushed by the rainwater, and the bag has the effects of restraining and confining the modified sandstone, and moreover, the modified sandstone has a control effect on the downward flowing speed of the rainwater, so that the downward flowing speed of the rainwater can be slowed down, the scouring strength of the rainwater on the side slope (the sandstone siltation dam) is reduced, water and soil are protected from being lost, and the water and soil loss caused by the rain or other conditions when the side slope (the sandstone siltation dam) meets with water is effectively prevented.
According to the silt dam stacked by adopting the arsenopyrite modules, furthermore, a downward sunken foundation groove is dug at the joint of the dam foundation and the side slope along the connecting line of the dam foundation and the side slope, the size of the foundation groove is matched with that of the arsenopyrite modules, the arsenopyrite modules are placed in the foundation groove to form the bottom of a film bag layer, and the arsenopyrite modules are stacked from the bottom of the film bag layer to the top of the dam in an upward staggered manner to form the film bag layer. The shape and the structure of the foundation groove are not particularly limited, the foundation groove can be a complete strip-shaped groove dug downwards along a connecting line between the dam foundation and the side slope, the bottom of the film bag layer can be stably arranged in the foundation groove, and the bottom of the film bag layer is stably and annularly embraced like a foundation, so that the stability of the whole structure of the film bag layer is ensured.
According to the silt dam stacked by the arsenopyrite modules, one or more than one film bag layer is further laid along the trend of the side slope, the arsenopyrite modules are stacked at the bottom of the silt dam in a staggered mode, and the arsenopyrite modules are in contact with the film bag layer to form a toe arris body. The film bag layer can be attached to a side slope in various structural forms, can be a layer or a plurality of layers, the more the number of the film bag layer is, the stronger the protection strength of the film bag layer on the arsenopyrite silt dam is, the stronger the water and soil loss prevention capability of the film bag layer is, and the stronger the rainwater and the arsenopyrite silt dam are isolated. Or arsenic sandstone modules can be stacked at the bottom of the dam to form the structural form of the toe arris body of the dam.
According to the silt dam stacked by the arsenopyrite modules, furthermore, the width of the range formed by paving the arsenopyrite modules at the top of the dam is not less than 3 m, and the whole range formed by the arsenopyrite modules at the top of the dam inclines to one side facing the water by 0.1-1% of gradient.
The check dam adopting the arsenicum sand module stack is further characterized in that green plants are planted on the layer of the check dam far away from the film bag layer.
The silt dam adopting the arsenicum sand modules for stacking is characterized in that the bags are made of anti-aging geotextile materials.
The silt dam adopting the arsenicum sand module stack is further characterized in that the depth of the foundation groove is not less than 50 cm. So as to avoid the bottom of the film bag layer from slipping.
The construction method of the silt dam adopting the arsenopyrite module stack comprises the following construction steps:
a. clearing the foundation, clearing sundries, weeds and floating soil on the dam foundation and the side slopes on the two sides of the dam foundation, clearing the dam foundation and the side slopes on the two sides of the dam foundation to a foundation layer, and cutting slopes on the side slopes on the two sides of the dam foundation, wherein the gradient ratio is not more than 1: 1.5-2.5.
b. And (2) extracting the sandstone, namely selecting a sandstone area close to the dam site of the silt dam to extract the sandstone, stirring the extracted sandstone and a modifier according to the weight ratio, and mixing to obtain the modified sandstone, wherein the weight ratio of the sandstone to the modifier is 0.5-2.0: 10-100.
c. The modified sandstone is put into a square bag, and the periphery of the bag filled with the modified sandstone is sealed to form a sandstone module.
d. Digging or ramming a foundation groove which is sunken downwards at the joint of the dam foundation and the side slope and along the joint line of the dam foundation and the side slope, putting the arsenopyrite modules prepared in the step c into the foundation groove, fastening the arsenopyrite modules in the foundation groove to form the bottom of a film bag layer, stacking the arsenopyrite modules upwards in a staggered manner from the bottom of the film bag layer, stacking the arsenopyrite modules to the top of the dam along the trend of the side slope, and continuously laying the arsenopyrite modules at the top of the dam; the sandstone modules are squeezed from multiple aspects, so that the sandstone modules are fastened on the side slope and are in close contact with each other.
In the construction method of the silt dam adopting the arsenicum sand module stack, furthermore, the modifier comprises lime, cement, slag, water glass and alkali metal sulfate.
In the construction method of the silt dam adopting the arsenopyrite module stack, furthermore, the alkali metal sulfate can be replaced by chlorine salt or chromium salt.
The silt dam stacked by the arsenic sandstone modules has the advantages of high structural strength, good stability, low cost, long service life, convenient construction, and good effects of retaining water and soil, blocking sand and storing silt. And local materials can be used, so that transportation and artificial resources are saved, and the site construction is facilitated. According to the invention, the siltation dam with the stacked mold bags can remarkably improve the structural strength and stability of the dam body by filling the mold bags with the soft rock stones or modified soft rock stones, and the soft rock stones are restrained and protected by the mold bags to avoid being eroded by rainwater.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure employing a layer of a film pocket according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention using a dam body to cover a film bag layer on the whole surface;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the present invention in the form of a dam toe prism structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the present invention applied to an existing embankment;
wherein: 1-dam foundation, 2-foundation groove, 3-sandstone module, 5-dam crest, 6-sandstone siltation dam, 7-green plant, 8-toe prism and 9-existing dam.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
A silt dam adopting arsenopyrite modules for stacking is provided with a arsenopyrite silt dam 6 as shown in figure 1, wherein a film bag layer is laid on a side slope of the arsenopyrite silt dam adjacent to water along the trend of the side slope, and the film bag layer is formed by overlapping the arsenopyrite modules 3 from bottom to top in a staggered manner. The arsenicum sand module is manufactured by putting modified arsenicum sand into a rectangular bag, the periphery of the bag is tightly sealed without gaps after the modified arsenicum sand is placed in the bag, the rectangular bag is made of geotextile materials, and therefore, after raining, the arsenicum sand sprayed by rainwater cannot flow out of the bag, and the rainwater can be discharged from the bag. A foundation groove 2 which is sunken downwards is dug at the joint of a dam foundation 1 and a side slope along the joint line of the dam foundation and the side slope, the depth of the foundation groove is 60cm, the size of the foundation groove is matched with the size of a sandstone module, the sandstone modules are placed in the foundation groove, the sandstone modules placed in the foundation groove are arranged next to each other, and the adjacent sandstone modules are in close contact with each other to form the bottom of a film bag layer. The film bag layer bottom is firmly wrapped up in the foundation groove, and is stabilized, and a foundation is laid for upwards adding the staggered arsenic sandstone modules to form a complete film bag layer.
From the bottom of the film bag layer, arsenic sandstone modules are upwards staggered and superposed and are always staggered and superposed to the top 5 of the dam. The utility model discloses a side of side slope trend stack, the upper strata arsenic sand module closely contacts with lower floor arsenic sand module, compaction arsenic sand module, arsenic sand module and the one side of contacting of arsenic sand siltation dam, arsenic sand module part embedding arsenic sand siltation dam in, arsenic sand module and arsenic sand siltation dam form an organic whole, further improve the steadiness of membrane bag layer. And the upper layer of sandstone modules is firmly fixed on the lower layer of sandstone modules by adopting a structure form of staggering the upper layer and the lower layer, and the film bag layer is firm and firm like a wall. And (2) splicing the sandstone modules continuously in a staggered manner at the dam top, wherein the range width of the sandstone modules formed at the dam top is 3 meters, and the sandstone modules at the dam top adopt a structure with a slope of 0.1% inclined towards one side of the water surface, so that the downstream side slope is prevented from being washed away by the sandstone modules. The range of the sandstone modules formed from the dam foundation to the dam top is limited, and a complete film bag layer is formed. At the top of the dam, the edge of the film bag layer is butted with the arsenopyrite soil at the top of the dam, so that the film bag layer and the arsenopyrite soil are positioned on the same horizontal plane. Green plants 7 are planted on the side slope of the side, far away from the water surface, of the arsenic sand silt dam.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the arsenopyrite check dam adopts a structure that the dam body is covered with a film bag layer on the whole, and the film bag layer covers the dam body of the arsenopyrite check dam on the whole, so that the arsenopyrite check dam can be protected on the whole and isolated from rainwater. At the joint of the dam foundation and the dam body of the arsenic sandstone silt dam, a foundation groove is dug downwards along the connecting line of the dam foundation and the dam body, and the bottom of the film bag layer is stabilized in the foundation groove. According to the overall trend of the arsenopyrite siltation dam, the arsenopyrite modules are stacked from bottom to top, and are compacted while being stacked, so that adjacent arsenopyrite modules are tightly connected, and the arsenopyrite modules and the arsenopyrite siltation dam are tightly connected to form a whole.
Example 3
A film bag layer is paved on a side slope of the arsenopyrite silt dam adjacent to water, the specific structural form is as described in embodiment 1, after the film bag layer is paved, arsenopyrite modules are partially stacked at the bottom of the arsenopyrite silt dam and between the film bag layer and the arsenopyrite silt dam, the stacked arsenopyrite modules form a dam toe arris body (shown in figure 3) 8, and the width of the dam toe arris body is not less than 5 m. By adopting the structural form of the dam toe arris body, the film bag layer paved on the side slope is limited, so that the supporting effect is better, the structure is more stable, and the stability of the dam body can be obviously improved.
Example 4
The invention can also be applied to the existing dike, as shown in fig. 4, a film bag layer is laid on the outer surface of the existing dike 9, so that the effect of repairing and defending the existing dike is achieved, and the water and soil loss is avoided.
Regarding the check dam adopting the arsenopyrite module stack in the above embodiments 1 to 4, the construction steps are as follows:
1. clearing the foundation, clearing sundries, weeds and floating soil on the dam foundation and the side slopes on the two sides of the dam foundation, clearing the dam foundation and the side slopes on the two sides of the dam foundation to a foundation layer, and cutting slopes on the side slopes on the two sides of the dam foundation, wherein the gradient ratio is not more than 1: 1.5-2.5.
2. And (2) extracting the sandstone, namely selecting a sandstone area close to the dam site of the silt dam to extract the sandstone, stirring the extracted sandstone and a modifier according to the weight ratio, and mixing to obtain the modified sandstone, wherein the weight ratio of the sandstone to the modifier is 0.5-2.0: 10-100. The modified sandstone has the characteristics of high material strength, small shrinkage deformation, strong water resistance and easy material obtaining and manufacturing, the compressive strength and the water-soaking softening coefficient are better than those of unmodified sandstone, the compressive strength can reach 6.0-23.0 MPa in 90 days, and the water-soaking softening coefficient can reach more than 0.75.
3. The modified sandstone is put into a square bag, and the periphery of the bag filled with the modified sandstone is sealed to form a sandstone module. The arsenopyrite module is similar to a natural brick, is made of the same material as the arsenopyrite check dam, is combined with the arsenopyrite check dam into a whole through the material, has a stable structure, plays a role in stably protecting the arsenopyrite check dam, and cannot be washed by rainwater to cause water loss and soil erosion.
4. Digging or ramming a foundation groove which is sunken downwards at the joint of a dam foundation and a side slope and along a connecting line of the dam foundation and the side slope, putting the arsenopyrite modules prepared in the step 3 into the foundation groove, fastening the arsenopyrite modules in the foundation groove to form the bottom of a film bag layer, stacking the arsenopyrite modules in a staggered manner from the bottom of the film bag layer upwards, stacking the arsenopyrite modules to the top of the dam along the trend of the side slope, and continuously laying the arsenopyrite modules at the top of the dam; the sandstone modules are squeezed from multiple aspects, so that the sandstone modules are fastened on the side slope and are in close contact with each other.
The invention has the advantages of simple structure, high structural strength, good stability, low cost, long service life, convenient construction and good effects of retaining water and soil, blocking sand and storing silt. And local materials can be used, so that transportation and artificial resources are saved, and the site construction is facilitated. According to the invention, the siltation dam with the stacked mold bags can remarkably improve the structural strength and stability of the dam body by filling the mold bags with the soft rock stones or modified soft rock stones, and the soft rock stones are restrained and protected by the mold bags to avoid being eroded by rainwater.
Claims (10)
1. A silt dam adopting arsenic sand module stacking has an arsenic sand silt dam (6), and is characterized in that: one or more than one film bag layer is laid on the side slope of the upstream face of the arsenopyrite silt dam, the film bag layer is provided with arsenopyrite modules (3), the arsenopyrite modules are stacked from the dam foundation (1) from bottom to top according to the trend of the side slope and are stacked to the dam top (5) to form a film bag layer, and adjacent arsenopyrite modules of the film bag layer are contacted and compacted with each other;
the arsenopyrite module is provided with a square bag, arsenopyrite or modified arsenopyrite is filled in the square bag, and the periphery of the bag filled with arsenopyrite or modified arsenopyrite is sealed to form the arsenopyrite module; the bottom of the film bag layer is fixed on a dam foundation, one side of the film bag layer, which is back to water, is embedded into a side slope or an adjacent film bag layer, and the sandstone module at the joint of the film bag layer and the dam abutment is embedded into the dam abutment.
2. The silt dam adopting arsenopyrite module stacking according to claim 1, wherein: the dam foundation is connected with the side slope, a foundation groove (2) which is sunken downwards is dug along a connecting line of the dam foundation and the side slope, the size of the foundation groove is matched with that of the sandstone modules, the sandstone modules are placed in the foundation groove to form the bottom of a film bag layer, and the sandstone modules are upwards stacked from the bottom of the film bag layer in a staggered mode to the top of the dam to form the film bag layer.
3. A silt dam employing a stack of sandstone modules according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: one or more than one layer of film bag layer is laid along the trend of the side slope, the arsenopyrite modules are stacked at the bottom of the silt dam in a staggered mode, and the arsenopyrite modules are in contact with the film bag layer to form a dam toe arris body (8).
4. A silt dam employing a stack of sandstone modules according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the width of a range formed by paving the arsenopyrite modules at the dam crest is not less than 3 meters, and the whole range formed by the arsenopyrite modules at the dam crest inclines to one side of the water surface by 0.1-1% of gradient.
5. The silt dam adopting arsenopyrite module stacking according to claim 1, wherein: and green plants (7) are planted on the side slope on the backwater side of the silt dam.
6. The silt dam adopting arsenopyrite module stacking according to claim 1, wherein: the bag is made of anti-aging geotextile materials.
7. The silt dam adopting arsenopyrite module stacking according to claim 1, wherein: the depth of the foundation groove below the dam foundation is not less than 50 cm.
8. The method for constructing a silt dam by stacking arsenopyrite modules according to claim 1, wherein:
the method comprises the following construction steps:
a. clearing the dam foundation, clearing sundries, weeds and floating soil on the dam foundation and the side slopes on the two sides of the dam foundation, clearing the dam foundation and the side slopes on the two sides of the dam foundation to a foundation layer, and cutting slopes on the side slopes on the two sides of the dam foundation, wherein the gradient ratio is not more than 1: 1.5;
b. extracting the sandstone, namely selecting an area of the sandstone close to the dam site of the silt dam for extraction, stirring the extracted sandstone and a modifier according to a weight ratio, and mixing to obtain the modified sandstone, wherein the weight ratio of the sandstone to the modifier is 0.5-2.0: 10-100;
c. putting the modified sandstone into a square bag, and sealing the periphery of the bag filled with the modified sandstone to form a sandstone module;
d. digging or ramming a foundation groove which is sunken downwards at the joint of the dam foundation and the side slope and along the joint line of the dam foundation and the side slope, putting the arsenopyrite modules prepared in the step c into the foundation groove, fastening the arsenopyrite modules in the foundation groove to form the bottom of a film bag layer, stacking the arsenopyrite modules upwards in a staggered manner from the bottom of the film bag layer, stacking the arsenopyrite modules to the top of the dam along the trend of the side slope, and continuously laying the arsenopyrite modules at the top of the dam; the sandstone modules are squeezed from multiple aspects, so that the sandstone modules are fastened on the side slope and are in close contact with each other.
9. The method for constructing a silt dam by stacking arsenopyrite modules according to claim 8, wherein: the modifier comprises lime, cement, slag, water glass and alkali metal sulfate.
10. The method for constructing a silt dam by stacking arsenopyrite modules according to claim 9, wherein: the alkali metal sulfate may be replaced by a chloride salt or a chromium salt.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115613522A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-17 | 中国海洋大学 | Solid impermeable rockfill sea dam |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115613522A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-17 | 中国海洋大学 | Solid impermeable rockfill sea dam |
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